10-Q



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
ý
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016
or
¨
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                      
Commission file number 1-442
 
THE BOEING COMPANY
 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
91-0425694
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
 
100 N. Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL
 
60606-1596
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
(312) 544-2000
 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer  
ý
 
Accelerated filer
¨
Non-accelerated filer
¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company  
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
As of April 20, 2016, there were 637,011,143 shares of common stock, $5.00 par value, issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents

THE BOEING COMPANY
FORM 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2016
INDEX
Part I. Financial Information (Unaudited)
Page
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
Part II. Other Information
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
Item 5.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 

Table of Contents

Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Three months ended March 31
  
2016

 
2015

Sales of products

$19,885

 

$19,485

Sales of services
2,747

 
2,664

Total revenues
22,632

 
22,149

 


 


Cost of products
(16,945
)
 
(16,380
)
Cost of services
(2,136
)
 
(2,100
)
Boeing Capital interest expense
(16
)
 
(16
)
Total costs and expenses
(19,097
)
 
(18,496
)
 
3,535

 
3,653

Income from operating investments, net
54

 
79

General and administrative expense
(888
)
 
(945
)
Research and development expense, net
(917
)
 
(769
)
Gain on dispositions, net
4

 
1

Earnings from operations
1,788

 
2,019

Other income/(loss), net
26

 
(12
)
Interest and debt expense
(73
)
 
(61
)
Earnings before income taxes
1,741

 
1,946

Income tax expense
(522
)
 
(610
)
Net earnings

$1,219



$1,336

 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per share

$1.85

 

$1.89

 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share

$1.83

 

$1.87

 
 
 
 
Cash dividends paid per share

$1.09

 

$0.91

 
 
 
 
Weighted average diluted shares (millions)
665.8

 
714.2

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

1
Table of Contents

The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31
 
2016

 
2015

Net earnings

$1,219

 

$1,336

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
 
 
 
Currency translation adjustments
23

 
(88
)
Unrealized (loss)/gain on certain investments, net of tax of $1 and ($1)
(2
)
 
1

Unrealized (loss)/gain on derivative instruments:
 
 
 
Unrealized gain/(loss) arising during period, net of tax of ($32) and $51
58

 
(91
)
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net earnings, net of tax of ($12) and ($6)
23

 
12

Total unrealized gain/(loss) on derivative instruments, net of tax
81

 
(79
)
Defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefits:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service (benefit)/cost included in net periodic pension cost, net of tax of $7 and ($5)
(14
)
 
10

Net actuarial loss arising during the period, net of tax of $181 and $0
(328
)
 

Amortization of actuarial losses included in net periodic pension cost, net of tax of ($72) and ($137)
131

 
244

Settlements and curtailments included in net income, net of tax of ($6) and $0
11

 

Pension and postretirement benefit related to our equity method investments, net of tax of ($4) and $0
8

 

Total defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefits, net of tax
(192
)
 
254

Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax
(90
)
 
88

Comprehensive income/(loss) related to noncontrolling interests
1

 
(1
)
Comprehensive income, net of tax

$1,130

 

$1,423

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2
Table of Contents

The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
March 31
2016

 
December 31
2015

Assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents

$7,886

 

$11,302

Short-term and other investments
466

 
750

Accounts receivable, net
9,711

 
8,713

Current portion of customer financing, net
258

 
212

Inventories, net of advances and progress billings
47,266

 
47,257

Total current assets
65,587

 
68,234

Customer financing, net
2,980

 
3,358

Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $16,476 and $16,286
12,269

 
12,076

Goodwill
5,132

 
5,126

Acquired intangible assets, net
2,594

 
2,657

Deferred income taxes
267

 
265

Investments
1,297

 
1,284

Other assets, net of accumulated amortization of $478 and $451
1,421

 
1,408

Total assets

$91,547

 

$94,408

Liabilities and equity
 
 
 
Accounts payable

$11,558

 

$10,800

Accrued liabilities
12,790

 
14,014

Advances and billings in excess of related costs
23,926

 
24,364

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
1,243

 
1,234

Total current liabilities
49,517

 
50,412

Deferred income taxes
2,297

 
2,392

Accrued retiree health care
6,614

 
6,616

Accrued pension plan liability, net
18,196

 
17,783

Other long-term liabilities
2,096

 
2,078

Long-term debt
8,721

 
8,730

Shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Common stock, par value $5.00 – 1,200,000,000 shares authorized; 1,012,261,159 shares issued
5,061

 
5,061

Additional paid-in capital
4,784

 
4,834

Treasury stock, at cost - 372,446,158 and 345,637,354 shares
(32,939
)
 
(29,568
)
Retained earnings
39,975

 
38,756

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(12,838
)
 
(12,748
)
Total shareholders’ equity
4,043

 
6,335

Noncontrolling interests
63

 
62

Total equity
4,106

 
6,397

Total liabilities and equity

$91,547

 

$94,408

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3
Table of Contents

The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31
  
2016


2015

Cash flows – operating activities:
 

 
Net earnings

$1,219



$1,336

Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
 

 
Non-cash items – 
 

 
Share-based plans expense
51


50

Depreciation and amortization
443


459

Investment/asset impairment charges, net
33


17

Customer financing valuation benefit
(2
)

(2
)
Gain on dispositions, net
(4
)
 
(1
)
Other charges and credits, net
84


76

Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements
(44
)

(112
)
Changes in assets and liabilities – 
 

 
Accounts receivable
(1,002
)

(389
)
Inventories, net of advances and progress billings
(56
)

(1,822
)
Accounts payable
960


848

Accrued liabilities
(467
)

(900
)
Advances and billings in excess of related costs
(435
)

(422
)
Income taxes receivable, payable and deferred
273


443

Other long-term liabilities
(116
)

(82
)
Pension and other postretirement plans
79


608

Customer financing, net
276


31

Other
(61
)

(50
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
1,231


88

Cash flows – investing activities:
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment additions
(748
)
 
(574
)
Property, plant and equipment reductions
11

 


Contributions to investments
(204
)
 
(807
)
Proceeds from investments
493

 
1,159

Other
10

 
8

Net cash used by investing activities
(438
)
 
(214
)
Cash flows – financing activities:
 
 
 
New borrowings
115

 
761

Debt repayments
(128
)
 
(813
)
Stock options exercised
42

 
231

Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements
44

 
112

Employee taxes on certain share-based payment arrangements
(76
)
 
(87
)
Common shares repurchased
(3,501
)
 
(2,500
)
Dividends paid
(717
)
 
(639
)
Net cash used by financing activities
(4,221
)
 
(2,935
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
12

 
(17
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(3,416
)
 
(3,078
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
11,302

 
11,733

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$7,886

 

$8,655

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4
Table of Contents

The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity
(Unaudited)
 
Boeing shareholders
 
 
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Common
Stock

Additional
Paid-In
Capital

Treasury Stock

Retained
Earnings

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Non-
controlling
Interests

Total

Balance at January 1, 2015

$5,061


$4,625


($23,298
)

$36,180


($13,903
)

$125


$8,790

Net earnings
 
 
 
1,336

 
(1
)
1,335

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax of ($98)
 
 
 
 
88

 
88

Share-based compensation and related dividend equivalents
 
47

 


 
 
47

Excess tax pools
 
112

 
 
 
 
112

Treasury shares issued for stock options exercised, net
 
(7
)
238

 
 
 
231

Treasury shares issued for other share-based plans, net
 
(120
)
47

 
 
 
(73
)
Common shares repurchased
 
 
(2,500
)
 
 
 
(2,500
)
Balance at March 31, 2015

$5,061


$4,657


($25,513
)

$37,516


($13,815
)

$124


$8,030

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2016

$5,061


$4,834


($29,568
)

$38,756


($12,748
)

$62


$6,397

Net earnings
 
 
 
1,219

 
1

1,220

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $63
 
 
 
 
(90
)
 
(90
)
Share-based compensation and related dividend equivalents
 
54

 


 
 
54

Excess tax pools
 
44

 
 
 
 
44

Treasury shares issued for stock options exercised, net
 
(8
)
50

 
 
 
42

Treasury shares issued for other share-based plans, net
 
(140
)
80

 
 
 
(60
)
Common shares repurchased
 
 
(3,501
)
 
 
 
(3,501
)
Balance at March 31, 2016

$5,061


$4,784


($32,939
)

$39,975


($12,838
)

$63


$4,106

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5
Table of Contents

The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Summary of Business Segment Data
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Revenues:
 
 
 
Commercial Airplanes

$14,399

 

$15,381

Defense, Space & Security:
 
 
 
Boeing Military Aircraft
3,659

 
2,726

Network & Space Systems
1,735

 
1,732

Global Services & Support
2,562

 
2,251

Total Defense, Space & Security
7,956

 
6,709

Boeing Capital
64

 
86

Unallocated items, eliminations and other
213

 
(27
)
Total revenues

$22,632

 

$22,149

Earnings from operations:
 
 
 
Commercial Airplanes

$1,033

 

$1,617

Defense, Space & Security:
 
 
 
Boeing Military Aircraft
334

 
259

Network & Space Systems
148

 
167

Global Services & Support
340

 
317

Total Defense, Space & Security
822

 
743

Boeing Capital
5

 
20

Segment operating profit
1,860

 
2,380

Unallocated items, eliminations and other
(72
)
 
(361
)
Earnings from operations
1,788

 
2,019

Other income/(loss), net
26

 
(12
)
Interest and debt expense
(73
)
 
(61
)
Earnings before income taxes
1,741

 
1,946

Income tax expense
(522
)
 
(610
)
Net earnings

$1,219

 

$1,336

This information is an integral part of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 16 for further segment results.

6
Table of Contents

The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Note 1 – Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated interim financial statements included in this report have been prepared by management of The Boeing Company (herein referred to as “Boeing”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation are reflected in the interim financial statements. The results of operations for the period ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year. The interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, included in our 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation.
Standards Issued and Not Yet Implemented
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016 - 02, Leases (Topic 842). The new standard is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The standard will require lessees to report most leases as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet, while lessor accounting will remain substantially unchanged. The standard requires a modified retrospective transition approach for existing leases, whereby the new rules will be applied to the earliest year presented. We do not expect the new lease standard to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The new standard was originally effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early adoption was not permitted. On August 12, 2015, the FASB approved a one year delay of the effective date to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, while permitting companies to voluntarily adopt the new standard as of the original effective date. The comprehensive new standard will supersede existing revenue recognition guidance and require revenue to be recognized when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Adoption of the new rules could affect the timing of revenue recognition for certain transactions. The guidance permits two implementation approaches, one requiring retrospective application of the new standard with restatement of prior years and one requiring prospective application of the new standard with disclosure of results under old standards. The Company is currently evaluating when to adopt the new standard, the impacts of adoption and the implementation approach to be used.
Use of Estimates
Management makes assumptions and estimates to prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Those assumptions and estimates directly affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Significant estimates for which changes in the near term are considered reasonably possible and that may have a material impact on the financial statements are disclosed in these Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Contract accounting is used for development and production activities predominantly by Defense, Space & Security (BDS). Contract accounting involves a judgmental process of estimating total sales and costs for each contract resulting in the development of estimated cost of sales percentages. Changes in estimated revenues, cost of sales and the related effect on operating income are recognized using a cumulative catch-up adjustment which recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior periods based on a contract’s percent complete. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, net unfavorable cumulative catch-up adjustments, including reach-forward losses, across all contracts decreased Earnings from operations by $84 and diluted earnings per share by $0.09. For the three months

7
Table of Contents

ended March 31, 2015, net favorable cumulative catch-up adjustments, including reach-forward losses, across all contracts increased Earnings from operations by $130 and diluted earnings per share by $0.12.
Note 2 – Earnings Per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation method that determines earnings per share for common shares and participating securities. The undistributed earnings are allocated between common shares and participating securities as if all earnings had been distributed during the period. Participating securities and common shares have equal rights to undistributed earnings.
Basic earnings per share is calculated by taking net earnings, less earnings available to participating securities, divided by the basic weighted average common shares outstanding.
Diluted earnings per share is calculated by taking net earnings, less earnings available to participating securities, divided by the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding.
The elements used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:
(In millions - except per share amounts)
Three months ended March 31
 
2016

 
2015

Net earnings

$1,219

 

$1,336

Less: earnings available to participating securities
2

 
2

Net earnings available to common shareholders

$1,217

 

$1,334

Basic
 
 
 
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
659.6

 
705.7

Less: participating securities
1.0

 
1.1

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
658.6

 
704.6

Diluted
 
 
 
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
659.6

 
705.7

Dilutive potential common shares(1)
6.2

 
8.5

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
665.8

 
714.2

Less: participating securities
1.0

 
1.1

Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
664.8

 
713.1

Net earnings per share:
 
 
 
Basic

$1.85

 

$1.89

Diluted
1.83

 
1.87

(1) 
Diluted earnings per share includes any dilutive impact of stock options, restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units and performance awards.
The following table includes the number of shares that may be dilutive potential common shares in the future. These shares were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect was either antidilutive or the performance condition was not met.
(Shares in millions)
Three months ended March 31
 
2016

 
2015

Performance awards
7.6

 
5.9

Performance-based restricted stock units
1.9

 
2.3


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Note 3 – Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rates were 30.0% and 31.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was lower than the comparable prior year period primarily due to the favorable impact of the permanent reinstatement of the U.S. research and development tax credit (research credit) at the end of 2015. A tax benefit for the research credit was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2016, and none in the comparable prior year period.
Federal income tax audits have been settled for all years prior to 2011. The years 2011-2012 are currently being examined by the IRS. We are also subject to examination in major state and international jurisdictions for the 2001-2015 tax years. We believe appropriate provisions for all outstanding tax issues have been made for all jurisdictions and all open years.
Audit outcomes and the timing of audit settlements are subject to significant uncertainty. It is reasonably possible that within the next 12 months we will resolve the matters presently under consideration for the 2011-2012 tax years with the IRS. Depending on the timing and outcome of that audit settlement, unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by up to $115 based on current estimates.
Note 4 – Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following:
 
March 31
2016

 
December 31
2015

Long-term contracts in progress

$12,994

 

$13,858

Commercial aircraft programs
56,840

 
55,230

Commercial spare parts, used aircraft, general stock materials and other
6,369

 
6,673

Inventory before advances and progress billings
76,203

 
75,761

Less advances and progress billings
(28,937
)
 
(28,504
)
Total

$47,266

 

$47,257

Long-Term Contracts in Progress
Long-term contracts in progress includes Delta launch program inventory that is being sold at cost to United Launch Alliance (ULA) under an inventory supply agreement that terminates on March 31, 2021. At March 31, 2016, the inventory balance was $120 (net of advances of $293) and $120 (net of advances of $310) at December 31, 2015. At March 31, 2016, $176 of this inventory related to unsold launches. See Note 9.
Included in inventories are capitalized precontract costs primarily related to KC-46A Tanker of $1,163 and $732 at March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015.
Commercial Aircraft Programs
At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, commercial aircraft programs inventory included the following amounts related to the 787 program: $35,522 and $34,656 of work in process (including deferred production costs of $28,651 and $28,510), $2,500 and $2,551 of supplier advances, and $3,767 and $3,890 of unamortized tooling and other non-recurring costs. At March 31, 2016, $23,661 of 787 deferred production costs, unamortized tooling and other non-recurring costs are expected to be recovered from units included in the program accounting quantity that have firm orders and $8,757 is expected to be recovered from units included in the program accounting quantity that represent expected future orders.

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At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, commercial aircraft programs inventory included the following amounts related to the 747 program: $876 and $942 of deferred production costs, net of reach-forward losses, and $377 of unamortized tooling costs. At March 31, 2016, $402 of 747 deferred production and unamortized tooling costs are expected to be recovered from units included in the program accounting quantity that have firm orders and $851 is expected to be recovered from units included in the program accounting quantity that represent expected future orders. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, work in process inventory included a number of completed 747 aircraft that we expect to recover from future orders.
Commercial aircraft programs inventory included amounts credited in cash or other consideration (early issue sales consideration) to airline customers totaling $3,198 and $3,166 at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
Used aircraft in inventories at Commercial Airplanes totaled $351 and $267 at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
Note 5 – Customer Financing
Customer financing primarily relates to the Boeing Capital (BCC) segment and consisted of the following:
 
March 31
2016

 
December 31
2015

Financing receivables:
 
 
 
Investment in sales-type/finance leases

$1,576

 

$1,620

Notes
293

 
256

Total financing receivables
1,869

 
1,876

Operating lease equipment, at cost, less accumulated depreciation of $328 and $338
1,383

 
1,710

Gross customer financing
3,252

 
3,586

Less allowance for losses on receivables
(14
)
 
(16
)
Total

$3,238

 

$3,570

We determine a receivable is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect amounts due according to the original contractual terms. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we individually evaluated for impairment customer financing receivables of $88 and $86. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, $49 and $0 was determined to be impaired. We recorded no allowance for losses on these impaired receivables as the collateral values exceeded the carrying values of the receivables.
The adequacy of the allowance for losses is assessed quarterly. Three primary factors influencing the level of our allowance for losses on customer financing receivables are customer credit ratings, default rates and collateral values. We assign internal credit ratings for all customers and determine the creditworthiness of each customer based upon publicly available information and information obtained directly from our customers. Our rating categories are comparable to those used by the major credit rating agencies.

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Our financing receivable balances by internal credit rating category are shown below. 
Rating categories
March 31
2016

 
December 31
2015

BBB

$938

 

$973

BB
533

 
536

B
238

 
258

CCC
72

 
23

Other
88

 
86

Total carrying value of financing receivables

$1,869

 

$1,876

At March 31, 2016, our allowance related to receivables with ratings of B, BB and BBB. We applied default rates that averaged 13%, 10% and 2%, respectively, to the exposure associated with those receivables.
Customer Financing Exposure
Customer financing is collateralized by security in the related asset. The value of the collateral is closely tied to commercial airline performance and overall market conditions and may be subject to reduced valuation with market decline. Declines in collateral values are also a significant driver of our allowance for losses. Generally, out-of-production aircraft have experienced greater collateral value declines than in-production aircraft. Our customer financing portfolio is primarily collateralized by out-of-production aircraft. The majority of customer financing carrying values are concentrated in the following aircraft models:
 
March 31
2016

 
December 31
2015

717 Aircraft ($365 and $372 accounted for as operating leases)

$1,379

 

$1,415

747 Aircraft (Accounted for as operating leases)
721

 
1,038

MD-80 Aircraft (Accounted for as sales-type finance leases)
317

 
314

757 Aircraft ($46 and $48 accounted for as operating leases)
263

 
270

767 Aircraft ($90 and $84 accounted for as operating leases)
183

 
185

737 Aircraft (Accounted for as operating leases)
112

 
115

MD-11 Aircraft (Accounted for as operating leases)
28

 
35


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Note 6 – Investments
Our investments, which are recorded in Short-term and other investments or Investments, consisted of the following:
 
March 31
2016

 
December 31
2015

Time deposits
148

 

$456

Pledged money market funds (1)
38

 
38

Available-for-sale investments
264

 
244

Equity method investments (2)
1,247

 
1,230

Restricted cash (3)
31

 
31

Other investments
35

 
35

Total

$1,763

 

$2,034

(1) 
Reflects amounts pledged in lieu of letters of credit as collateral in support of our workers’ compensation programs. These funds can become available within 30 days notice upon issuance of letters of credit.
(2) 
Dividends received were $49 and $79 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
(3) 
Restricted to pay certain claims related to workers' compensation and life insurance premiums for certain employees.
Note 7 – Other Assets
Sea Launch
At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Other assets included $356 of receivables related to our former investment in the Sea Launch venture which became payable by certain Sea Launch partners following Sea Launch’s bankruptcy filing in June 2009. The $356 includes $147 related to a payment made by us under a bank guarantee on behalf of Sea Launch and $209 related to loans (partner loans) we made to Sea Launch. The net amounts owed to Boeing by each of the partners are as follows: S.P. Koroley Rocket and Space Corporation Energia of Russia – $223, PO Yuzhnoye Mashinostroitelny Zavod of Ukraine – $89 and KB Yuzhnoye of Ukraine – $44.
Although each partner is contractually obligated to reimburse us for its share of the bank guarantee, the Russian and Ukrainian partners have raised defenses to enforcement and contested our claims. On February 1, 2013, we filed an action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California seeking reimbursement from the other Sea Launch partners of the $147 bank guarantee payment and the $209 partner loan obligations. On September 28, 2015, the district court granted summary judgment in Boeing’s favor on all claims against the other partners. Further proceedings will determine the final damage amount, including potential interest payments. If the partners decide to appeal or seek reconsideration of the district court’s ruling additional proceedings would ensue. Prior to these proceedings, we had filed a Notice of Arbitration with the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce seeking reimbursement from the other partners for a portion of these amounts. In 2010, the arbitrator ruled that the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce lacked jurisdiction to hear the matter, which ruling has been on appeal in the Swedish appellate courts since mid-2014. During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Supreme Court of Sweden confirmed our right to pursue this appeal in the Swedish appellate courts.
We believe the partners have the financial wherewithal to pay and intend to pursue vigorously all of our rights and remedies. In the event we are unable to secure reimbursement of $147 related to our payment under the bank guarantee and $209 related to partner loans made to Sea Launch, we could incur additional charges. Our current assessment as to the collectability of these receivables takes into account the current economic conditions in Russia and Ukraine, although we will continue to monitor the situation.

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Spirit AeroSystems
As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Other assets included $140 of receivables related to indemnifications from Spirit AeroSystems, Inc. (Spirit), for costs incurred related to pension and retiree medical obligations of former Boeing employees that were subsequently employed by Spirit. During the fourth quarter of 2014, Boeing filed a complaint against Spirit in Delaware Superior Court seeking to enforce our rights to indemnification and to recover from Spirit amounts incurred by Boeing for pension and retiree medical obligations. We expect to fully recover from Spirit.
Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies
Environmental
The following table summarizes environmental remediation activity during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
 
2016

 
2015

Beginning balance – January 1

$566

 

$601

Reductions for payments made
(7
)
 
(16
)
Changes in estimates
19

 
5

Ending balance – March 31

$578

 

$590

The liabilities recorded represent our best estimate or the low end of a range of reasonably possible costs expected to be incurred to remediate sites, including operation and maintenance over periods of up to 30 years. It is reasonably possible that we may incur charges that exceed these recorded amounts because of regulatory agency orders and directives, changes in laws and/or regulations, higher than expected costs and/or the discovery of new or additional contamination. As part of our estimating process, we develop a range of reasonably possible alternate scenarios that includes the high end of a range of reasonably possible cost estimates for all remediation sites for which we have sufficient information based on our experience and existing laws and regulations. There are some potential remediation obligations where the costs of remediation cannot be reasonably estimated. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the high end of the estimated range of reasonably possible remediation costs exceeded our recorded liabilities by $873 and $853.
Product Warranties
The following table summarizes product warranty activity recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
 
2016

 
2015

Beginning balance – January 1

$1,485

 

$1,504

Additions for current year deliveries
92

 
116

Reductions for payments made
(79
)
 
(91
)
Changes in estimates
(25
)
 
(17
)
Ending balance - March 31

$1,473

 

$1,512

Commercial Aircraft Commitments
In conjunction with signing definitive agreements for the sale of new aircraft (Sale Aircraft), we have entered into trade-in commitments with certain customers that give them the right to trade in used aircraft at a specified price upon the purchase of Sale Aircraft. The probability that trade-in commitments will be exercised is determined by using both quantitative information from valuation sources and qualitative information from other sources. The probability of exercise is assessed quarterly, or as events trigger a change, and takes into consideration the current economic and airline industry environments. Trade-in commitments, which

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can be terminated by mutual consent with the customer, may be exercised only during the period specified in the agreement, and require advance notice by the customer.
Trade-in commitment agreements at March 31, 2016 have expiration dates from 2016 through 2026. At March 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015 total contractual trade-in commitments were $1,718 and $1,585. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we estimated that it was probable we would be obligated to perform on certain of these commitments with net amounts payable to customers totaling $248 and $240 and the fair value of the related trade-in aircraft was $248 and $240.
Financing Commitments
Financing commitments related to aircraft on order, including options and those proposed in sales campaigns, totaled $17,026 and $16,283 as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The estimated earliest potential funding dates for these commitments as of March 31, 2016 are as follows:
  
Total

April through December 2016

$2,706

2017
4,421

2018
3,625

2019
2,994

2020
1,181

Thereafter
2,099

 

$17,026

As of March 31, 2016, $17,021 of these financing commitments related to customers we believe have less than investment-grade credit. We have concluded that no reserve for future potential losses is required for these financing commitments based upon the terms, such as collateralization and interest rates, under which funding would be provided.
Standby Letters of Credit and Surety Bonds
We have entered into standby letters of credit and surety bonds with financial institutions primarily relating to the guarantee of our future performance on certain contracts. Contingent liabilities on outstanding letters of credit agreements and surety bonds aggregated approximately $4,541 and $4,968 as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
Commitments to ULA
We and Lockheed Martin Corporation have each committed to provide ULA with additional capital contributions in the event ULA does not have sufficient funds to make a required payment to us under an inventory supply agreement. As of March 31, 2016, ULA’s total remaining obligation to Boeing under the inventory supply agreement was $120. See Note 4.
F/A-18
At March 31, 2016, our backlog included 40 F/A-18 aircraft under contract with the U.S. Navy. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, passed in December 2015, funds 12 additional F/A-18 aircraft that, combined with the orders in backlog, would complete production in mid-2018. The President’s Fiscal Year 2017 Budget request submitted in February 2016 includes funding for two additional F/A-18 aircraft. In March 2016, the Navy included 14 F/A-18 aircraft in its unfunded priorities list submitted to the congressional defense committees for funding consideration. We are continuing to work with our U.S. customers as well as international customers to secure additional orders that would extend the program beyond 2018.

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Should additional orders not materialize, it is reasonably possible that we will decide to end production of the F/A-18 in 2018. We are still evaluating the full financial impact of a potential production shutdown, including any recovery that may be available from the U.S. government.
United States Government Defense Environment Overview
The enactment of The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 in November 2015 established overall defense spending levels for FY2016 and FY2017. However, uncertainty remains with respect to levels of defense spending for FY2018 and beyond including risk of future sequestration cuts.
Significant uncertainty also continues with respect to program-level appropriations for the U.S. Department of Defense (U.S. DoD) and other government agencies, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, within the overall budgetary framework described above. Future budget cuts, including cuts mandated by sequestration, or future procurement decisions associated with the authorization and appropriations process could result in reductions, cancellations and/or delays of existing contracts or programs. Any of these impacts could have a material effect on the results of the Company's operations, financial position and/or cash flows.
In addition to the risks described above, if Congress is unable to pass appropriations bills in a timely manner, a government shutdown could result which may have impacts above and beyond those resulting from budget cuts, sequestration impacts or program-level appropriations. For example, requirements to furlough employees in the U.S. DoD or other government agencies could result in payment delays, impair our ability to perform work on existing contracts, and/or negatively impact future orders.
KC-46A Tanker and BDS Fixed-Price Development Contracts
Fixed-price development work is inherently uncertain and subject to significant variability in estimates of the cost and time required to complete the work. BDS fixed-price contracts with significant development work include Commercial Crew, Saudi F-15, USAF KC-46A Tanker and commercial and military satellites. The operational and technical complexities of these contracts create financial risk, which could trigger termination provisions, order cancellations or other financially significant exposure. Changes to cost and revenue estimates could result in lower margins or material charges for reach-forward losses. For example, during the first quarter of 2016, we recorded additional reach-forward losses of $243 on the KC-46A Tanker program.
KC-46A Tanker
In 2015, we began work on low rate initial production aircraft for the U.S. Air Force (USAF). The USAF is expected to authorize two low rate initial production lots in 2016 for a total of 19 aircraft, subject to satisfactory progress being made on the Engineering, Manufacturing and Development contract. At March 31, 2016, we had approximately $812 of capitalized precontract costs and $1,789 of potential termination liabilities to suppliers associated with the USAF KC-46A Tanker.
Recoverable Costs on Government Contracts  
Our final incurred costs for each year are subject to audit and review for allowability by the U.S. government, which can result in payment demands related to costs they believe should be disallowed. We work with the U.S. government to assess the merits of claims and where appropriate reserve for amounts disputed. If we are unable to satisfactorily resolve disputed costs, we could be required to record an earnings charge and/or provide refunds to the U.S. government.
Russia/Ukraine
We continue to monitor political unrest involving Russia and Ukraine, where we and some of our suppliers source titanium products and/or have operations. A number of our commercial customers also have operations in Russia and Ukraine. To date, we have not experienced any significant disruptions to production or deliveries. Should suppliers or customers experience disruption, our production and/or deliveries could be materially impacted.

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747 Program
During the fourth quarter of 2015, we recorded a charge of $885 to recognize a reach-forward loss on the 747 program primarily due to slower than expected growth in global cargo markets, resulting in market and pricing pressures and fewer orders than anticipated driving reductions in our planned production rates. The charge was primarily related to lower anticipated revenues reflecting ongoing pricing and market pressures as well as higher estimated costs due to the reduction in the production rate from 1.0 per month to 0.5 per month in September 2016. We currently plan to return to a rate of 1.0 per month in 2019. During the first quarter of 2016, an additional reach-forward loss of $70 was recorded to reflect lower estimated revenue from future sales. We have a number of completed aircraft in inventory as well as unsold production positions and we remain focused on obtaining additional orders and implementing cost-reduction efforts. If we are unable to obtain sufficient orders in 2016 and/or market, production and other risks cannot be mitigated, we could record additional losses that may be material.
787 Program
The 787 program continues to have near breakeven gross margins. The combination of production challenges, change incorporation on early build aircraft, schedule delays, customer and supplier impacts and changes to price escalation factors has created significant pressure on program profitability. If risks related to this program, including risks associated with productivity improvements, supply chain management, planned production rate increases or introducing and manufacturing the 787-10 derivative as scheduled cannot be mitigated, the program could face additional customer claims and/or supplier assertions, as well as a reach-forward loss that may be material.
Note 9 – Arrangements with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
We enter into arrangements with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business, primarily in the form of guarantees.
The following table provides quantitative data regarding our third party guarantees. The maximum potential payments represent a “worst-case scenario,” and do not necessarily reflect amounts that we expect to pay. Estimated proceeds from collateral and recourse represent the anticipated values of assets we could liquidate or receive from other parties to offset our payments under guarantees. The carrying amount of liabilities represents the amount included in Accrued liabilities.
  
Maximum
Potential Payments
 
Estimated Proceeds from
Collateral/Recourse
 
Carrying Amount of
 Liabilities
 
March 31
2016

December 31
2015

 
March 31
2016

December 31
2015

 
March 31
2016

December 31
2015

Contingent repurchase commitments

$1,503


$1,529

 

$1,482


$1,510

 

$8


$7

Indemnifications to ULA:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contributed Delta program launch inventory
102

107

 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract pricing
261

261

 
 
 
 
7

7

Other Delta contracts
216

231

 
 
 
 
5

5

Credit guarantees
30

30

 
27

27

 
2

2

Contingent Repurchase Commitments The repurchase price specified in contingent repurchase commitments is generally lower than the expected fair value at the specified repurchase date. Estimated proceeds from collateral/recourse in the table above represent the lower of the contracted repurchase price or the expected fair value of each aircraft at the specified repurchase date.

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Indemnifications to ULA In 2006, we agreed to indemnify ULA through December 31, 2020 against potential non-recoverability and non-allowability of $1,360 of Boeing Delta launch program inventory included in contributed assets plus $1,860 of inventory subject to an inventory supply agreement which ends on March 31, 2021. Since inception, ULA has consumed $1,258 of the $1,360 of inventory that was contributed by us and has yet to consume $102. Under the inventory supply agreement, we have recorded revenues and cost of sales of $1,389 through March 31, 2016. ULA has made payments of $1,740 to us under the inventory supply agreement and we have made $63 of net indemnification payments to ULA.
We agreed to indemnify ULA against potential losses that ULA may incur in the event ULA is unable to obtain certain additional contract pricing from the USAF for four satellite missions. We believe ULA is entitled to additional contract pricing. In December 2008, ULA submitted a claim to the USAF to re-price the contract value for two satellite missions. In March 2009, the USAF issued a denial of that claim. In June 2009, ULA filed a notice of appeal, and in October 2009, ULA filed a complaint before the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA) for a contract adjustment for the price of the two satellite missions. In September 2009, the USAF exercised its option for a third satellite mission. During the third quarter of 2010, ULA submitted a claim to the USAF to re-price the contract value of the third mission. The USAF did not exercise an option for a fourth mission prior to the expiration of the contract. In March 2011, ULA filed a notice of appeal before the ASBCA, seeking to re-price the third mission. On November 20, 2013, the ASBCA denied USAF motions for summary judgment against ULA in large part, leaving ULA's claims against the USAF substantially intact. The hearing before the ASBCA concluded on December 20, 2013. The parties filed their final post-hearing briefs in May 2014. The ASBCA may now issue a decision at any time. If ULA is ultimately unsuccessful in obtaining additional pricing, we may be responsible for an indemnification payment up to $261 and may record up to $277 in pre-tax losses associated with the three missions.
Potential payments for Other Delta contracts include $85 related to deferred support costs and $91 related to deferred production costs. In June 2011, the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) notified ULA that it had determined that $271 of deferred support costs are not recoverable under government contracts. In December 2011, the DCMA notified ULA of the potential non-recoverability of an additional $114 of deferred production costs. ULA and Boeing believe that all costs are recoverable and in November 2011, ULA filed a certified claim with the USAF for collection of deferred support and production costs. The USAF issued a final decision denying ULA’s certified claim in May 2012. On June 14, 2012, Boeing and ULA filed a suit in the Court of Federal Claims seeking recovery of the deferred support and production costs from the U.S. government. On November 9, 2012, the U.S. government filed an answer to our claim and asserted a counterclaim for credits that it alleges were offset by deferred support cost invoices. We believe that the U.S. government’s counterclaim is without merit, and have filed an answer challenging it on multiple grounds. The litigation is in the discovery phase, and the Court has not yet set a trial date. If, contrary to our belief, it is determined that some or all of the deferred support or production costs are not recoverable, we could be required to record pre-tax losses and make indemnification payments to ULA for up to $317 of the costs questioned by the DCMA.
Other Indemnifications In conjunction with our sales of Electron Dynamic Devices, Inc. and Rocketdyne Propulsion and Power businesses and our Commercial Airplanes facilities in Wichita, Kansas and Tulsa and McAlester, Oklahoma, we agreed to indemnify, for an indefinite period, the buyers for costs relating to pre-closing environmental conditions and certain other items. We are unable to assess the potential number of future claims that may be asserted under these indemnifications, nor the amounts thereof (if any). As a result, we cannot estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments under these indemnities and therefore, no liability has been recorded. To the extent that claims have been made under these indemnities and/or are probable and reasonably estimable, liabilities associated with these indemnities are included in the environmental liability disclosure in Note 8.

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Credit Guarantees We have issued credit guarantees, principally to facilitate the sale and/or financing of commercial aircraft. Under these arrangements, we are obligated to make payments to a guaranteed party in the event that lease or loan payments are not made by the original lessee or debtor or certain specified services are not performed. A substantial portion of these guarantees has been extended on behalf of original lessees or debtors with less than investment-grade credit. Our commercial aircraft credit guarantees are collateralized by the underlying commercial aircraft and certain other assets. Current outstanding credit guarantees expire within the next five years.
Note 10 – Postretirement Plans
The components of net periodic benefit cost were as follows:
  
Pension
 
Other Postretirement Benefits
Pension Plans
2016

 
2015

 
2016

 
2015

Service cost

$163

 

$442

 

$32

 

$35

Interest cost
764

 
747

 
65

 
62

Expected return on plan assets
(999
)
 
(1,008
)
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
10

 
49

 
(31
)
 
(34
)
Recognized net actuarial loss
197

 
396

 
6

 
4

Settlement/curtailment/other losses
15

 
38

 


 
2

Net periodic benefit cost

$150

 

$664

 

$70

 

$67

Net periodic benefit cost included in Earnings from operations

$629

 

$785

 

$88

 

$92

Note 11 – Share-Based Compensation and Other Compensation Arrangements
Restricted Stock Units
On February 22, 2016, we granted to our executives 777,837 restricted stock units (RSUs) as part of our long-term incentive program with a grant date fair value of $117.50 per unit. The RSUs granted under this program will vest and settle in common stock (on a one-for-one basis) on the third anniversary of the grant date.
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units
On February 22, 2016, we granted to our executives 721,176 performance-based restricted stock units (PBRSUs) as part of our long-term incentive program with a grant date fair value of $126.74 per unit. Compensation expense for the award is recognized over the three-year performance period based upon the grant date fair value estimated using a Monte-Carlo simulation model. The model used the following assumptions: expected volatility of 22.44% based upon historical stock volatility, a risk-free interest rate of 0.92%, and no expected dividend yield because the units earn dividend equivalents.
Performance Awards
On February 22, 2016, we granted to our executives performance awards as part of our long-term incentive program with a payout based on the achievement of financial goals for the three-year period ending December 31, 2018. At March 31, 2016, the minimum payout amount is $0 and the maximum amount we could be required to pay out is $364.

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Note 12 – Shareholders' Equity
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (AOCI) by component for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
Currency Translation Adjustments

 
Unrealized Gains and Losses on Certain Investments

 
Unrealized Gains and Losses on Derivative Instruments

 
Defined Benefit Pension Plans & Other Postretirement Benefits

 
Total (1)

Balance at January 1, 2015

$53

 

($8
)
 

($136
)
 

($13,812
)
 

($13,903
)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications
(88
)
 
1

 
(91
)
 

 
(178
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 

 
12

 
254

(2) 
266

Net current period Other comprehensive income/(loss)
(88
)
 
1

 
(79
)
 
254

 
88

Balance at March 31, 2015

($35
)
 

($7
)
 

($215
)
 

($13,558
)
 

($13,815
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2016

($39
)
 

 

($197
)
 

($12,512
)
 

($12,748
)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications
23

 
(2
)
 
58

 
(320
)
 
(241
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 

 
23

 
128

(2) 
151

Net current period Other comprehensive income/(loss)
23

 
(2
)
 
81

 
(192
)
 
(90
)
Balance at March 31, 2016

($16
)
 

($2
)
 

($116
)
 

($12,704
)
 

($12,838
)
(1)     Net of tax.
(2) 
Primarily relates to amortization of actuarial gains/losses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 totaling $131 and $244 (net of tax of $(72) and $(137)). These are included in the net periodic pension cost of which a portion is allocated to production as inventoried costs. See Note 10.
Note 13 – Derivative Financial Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Our cash flow hedges include foreign currency forward contracts and commodity purchase contracts. We use foreign currency forward contracts to manage currency risk associated with certain transactions, specifically forecasted sales and purchases made in foreign currencies. Our foreign currency contracts hedge forecasted transactions through 2021. We use commodity derivatives, such as fixed-price purchase commitments to hedge against potentially unfavorable price changes for items used in production. Our commodity contracts hedge forecasted transactions through 2020.
Fair Value Hedges
Interest rate swaps under which we agree to pay variable rates of interest are designated as fair value hedges of fixed-rate debt. The net change in fair value of the derivatives and the hedged items is reported in Boeing Capital interest expense.
Derivative Instruments Not Receiving Hedge Accounting Treatment
We have entered into agreements to purchase and sell aluminum to address long-term strategic sourcing objectives and international business requirements. These agreements are derivative instruments for accounting purposes. The quantities of aluminum in these agreements offset and are priced at prevailing market prices. We also hold certain foreign currency forward contracts which do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.

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Notional Amounts and Fair Values
The notional amounts and fair values of derivative instruments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position were as follows:
  
Notional amounts (1)
Other assets
Accrued liabilities
  
March 31
2016

December 31
2015

March 31
2016

December 31
2015

March 31
2016

December 31
2015

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts

$2,570


$2,727


$53


$23


($211
)

($304
)
Interest rate contracts
125

125

11

9




Commodity contracts
21

40


2

(13
)
(13
)
Derivatives not receiving hedge accounting treatment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
354

436

9

4

(6
)
(11
)
Commodity contracts
685

725





 
 
Total derivatives

$3,755


$4,053

73

38

(230
)
(328
)
Netting arrangements
 
 
(41
)
(23
)
41

23

Net recorded balance
 
 

$32


$15


($189
)

($305
)
(1) 
Notional amounts represent the gross contract/notional amount of the derivatives outstanding.
Gains/(losses) associated with our cash flow and undesignated hedging transactions and their effect on Other comprehensive income/(loss) and Net earnings were as follows: 
  
Three months ended March 31
  
2016

 
2015

Effective portion recognized in Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of taxes:
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts

$62

 

($90
)
Commodity contracts
(4
)
 
(1
)
Effective portion reclassified out of Accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings, net of taxes:
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
(21
)
 
(9
)
Commodity contracts
(2
)
 
(3
)
Forward points recognized in Other income, net:
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
2

 
5

Undesignated derivatives recognized in Other income, net:
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
2

 
(1
)
Based on our portfolio of cash flow hedges, we expect to reclassify losses of $123 (pre-tax) out of Accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings during the next 12 months. Ineffectiveness related to our hedges recognized in Other income was insignificant for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
We have derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features. For foreign exchange contracts with original maturities of at least five years, our derivative counterparties could require settlement if we default on our five-year credit facility. For certain commodity contracts, our counterparties could require collateral posted in an amount determined by our credit ratings. The fair value of foreign exchange and commodity contracts that have credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position at March 31, 2016 was $42. At March 31, 2016, there was no collateral posted related to our derivatives.

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Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements
The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 refers to fair values determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Level 2 refers to fair values estimated using significant other observable inputs and Level 3 includes fair values estimated using significant unobservable inputs. The following table presents our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy.
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Total

 
Level 1

 
Level 2

 
Total

 
Level 1

 
Level 2

Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds

$2,400

 

$2,400

 
 
 

$4,504

 

$4,504

 
 
Available-for-sale investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
67

 
 
 

$67

 
87

 
 
 

$87

Corporate notes
92

 
 
 
92

 
79

 
 
 
79

U.S. government agencies
91

 
 
 
91

 
83

 
 
 
83

Other
16

 
16

 
 
 
20

 
20

 
 
Derivatives
32

 
 
 
32

 
15

 
 
 
15

Total assets

$2,698

 

$2,416

 

$282

 

$4,788

 

$4,524

 

$264

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives

($189
)
 
 
 

($189
)
 

($305
)
 
 
 

($305
)
Total liabilities

($189
)
 

 

($189
)
 

($305
)
 

 

($305
)
Money market funds, available-for-sale debt investments and equity securities are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices or broker/dealer quotes of identical or comparable instruments.
Derivatives include foreign currency, commodity and interest rate contracts. Our foreign currency forward contracts are valued using an income approach based on the present value of the forward rate less the contract rate multiplied by the notional amount. Commodity derivatives are valued using an income approach based on the present value of the commodity index prices less the contract rate multiplied by the notional amount. The fair value of our interest rate swaps is derived from a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the contract and the interest rate curve.
Certain assets have been measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). The following table presents the nonrecurring losses recognized for the three months ended March 31 due to long-lived asset impairment and the fair value and asset classification of the related assets as of the impairment date:
  
2016
 
2015
 
Fair
Value

 
Total
Losses

 
Fair
Value

 
Total
Losses

Operating lease equipment

$40

 

($8
)
 

$63

 

($15
)
Property, plant and equipment


 
(4
)
 


 


Acquired intangible assets
12

 
(10
)
 

 

Total

$52

 

($22
)
 

$63

 

($15
)
The fair value of the impaired operating lease equipment is derived by calculating a median collateral value from a consistent group of third party aircraft value publications. The values provided by the third party aircraft publications are derived from their knowledge of market trades and other market factors. Management reviews the publications quarterly to assess the continued appropriateness and consistency with market trends. Under certain circumstances, we adjust values based on the attributes and condition of the specific aircraft or equipment, usually when the features or use of the aircraft vary significantly from the more generic

21
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aircraft attributes covered by third party publications, or on the expected net sales price for the aircraft. Property, plant and equipment and Acquired intangible assets were primarily valued using an income approach based on the discounted cash flows associated with the underlying assets.
For Level 3 assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the three months ended March 31, 2016, the following table presents the fair value of those assets as of the measurement date, valuation techniques and related unobservable inputs of those assets.
 
Fair
Value
 
Valuation
Technique(s)
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
Median or Average
Operating lease equipment
$40
 
Market approach
 
Aircraft value publications
 
$65 - $115(1)
Median $100
 
 
Aircraft condition adjustments
 
($61) - $1(2)
Net ($60)
(1) 
The range represents the sum of the highest and lowest values for all aircraft subject to fair value measurement, according to the third party aircraft valuation publications that we use in our valuation process.
(2) 
The negative amount represents the sum for all aircraft subject to fair value measurement, of all downward adjustments based on consideration of individual aircraft attributes and condition. The positive amount represents the sum of all such upward adjustments.
Fair Value Disclosures
The fair values and related carrying values of financial instruments that are not required to be remeasured at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position were as follows:
 
March 31, 2016
 
Carrying
Amount

Total Fair
Value

Level 1
Level 2

Level 3

Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable, net

$9,711


$9,807

 

$9,807

 
Notes receivable, net
293

312

 
312

 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Debt, excluding capital lease obligations
(9,820
)
(11,600
)
 
(11,432
)
(168
)
 
December 31, 2015
 
Carrying
Amount

Total Fair
Value

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable, net

$8,713


$8,705

 

$8,705

 
Notes receivable, net
255

273

 
273

 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Debt, excluding capital lease obligations
(9,814
)
(11,292
)
 
(11,123
)
(169
)
The fair value of Accounts receivable is based on current market rates for loans of the same risk and maturities. The fair values of our variable rate notes receivable that reprice frequently approximate their carrying amounts. The fair values of fixed rate notes receivable are estimated with discounted cash flow analysis using interest rates currently offered on loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. The fair value of our debt that is traded in the secondary market is classified as Level 2 and is based on current market yields. For our debt that is not traded in the secondary market, the fair value is classified as Level 2 and is based on our indicative borrowing cost derived from dealer quotes or discounted cash flows. The fair values of our debt classified as Level 3 are based on discounted cash flow models using the implied yield

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from similar securities. With regard to other financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk, it is not practicable to estimate the fair value of our indemnifications and financing commitments because the amount and timing of those arrangements are uncertain. Items not included in the above disclosures include cash, restricted cash, time deposits and other deposits, commercial paper, money market funds, Accounts payable and long-term payables. The carrying values of those items, as reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, approximate their fair value at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The fair value of assets and liabilities whose carrying value approximates fair value is determined using Level 2 inputs, with the exception of cash (Level 1).
Note 15 – Legal Proceedings
Various legal proceedings, claims and investigations related to products, contracts, employment and other matters are pending against us. Potentially material contingencies are discussed below.
We are subject to various U.S. government inquiries and investigations, from which civil, criminal or administrative proceedings could result or have resulted in the past. Such proceedings involve or could involve claims by the government for fines, penalties, compensatory and treble damages, restitution and/or forfeitures. Under government regulations, a company, or one or more of its operating divisions or subdivisions, can also be suspended or debarred from government contracts, or lose its export privileges, based on the results of investigations. We believe, based upon current information, that the outcome of any such government disputes and investigations will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Where it is reasonably possible that we will incur losses in excess of recorded amounts in connection with any of the matters set forth below, we will disclose either the amount or range of reasonably possible losses in excess of such amounts or, where no such amount or range can be reasonably estimated, the reasons why no such estimate can be made.
Employment, Labor and Benefits Litigation
On October 13, 2006, we were named as a defendant in a lawsuit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Illinois. Plaintiffs, seeking to represent a class of similarly situated participants and beneficiaries in The Boeing Company Voluntary Investment Plan (the VIP), alleged that fees and expenses incurred by the VIP were and are unreasonable and excessive, not incurred solely for the benefit of the VIP and its participants, and were undisclosed to participants. Plaintiffs further alleged that defendants breached their fiduciary duties in violation of §502(a)(2) of ERISA, and sought injunctive and equitable relief pursuant to §502(a)(3) of ERISA. The parties reached a provisional settlement on August 26, 2015. The court approved the settlement, as well as the plaintiffs’ motion for award of attorneys’ fees in a fairness hearing on March 30, 2016. The settlement did not materially affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Note 16 – Segment Information
Effective during the first quarter of 2016, certain programs were realigned between Boeing Military Aircraft and Global Services & Support segments. Business segment data for 2015 have been adjusted to reflect the realignment.
Our primary profitability measurements to review a segment’s operating results are Earnings from operations and operating margins. See page 6 for a Summary of Business Segment Data, which is an integral part of this note.

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Intersegment revenues, eliminated in Unallocated items, eliminations and other, are shown in the following table.
 
Three months ended March 31
 
2016

 
2015

Commercial Airplanes

$428

 

$277

Boeing Capital
5

 
5

Total

$433

 

$282

Unallocated Items, Eliminations and other
Unallocated items, eliminations and other includes costs not attributable to business segments as well as intercompany profit eliminations. We generally allocate costs to business segments based on the U.S. federal cost accounting standards. Components of Unallocated items, eliminations and other are shown in the following table.
 
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Share-based plans

($23
)
 

($21
)
Deferred compensation
16

 
(58
)
Amortization of previously capitalized interest
(30
)
 
(29
)
Eliminations and other unallocated items
(129
)
 
(140
)
Sub-total
(166
)
 
(248
)
Pension
45

 
(152
)
Postretirement
49

 
39

Pension and Postretirement
94

 
(113
)
Total

($72
)
 

($361
)
Unallocated Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Expense
Unallocated pension and other postretirement benefit expense represent the portion of pension and other postretirement benefit costs that are not recognized by business segments for segment reporting purposes. Pension costs, comprising Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (GAAP) service and prior service costs, are allocated to Commercial Airplanes. Pension costs are allocated to BDS using U.S. Government Cost Accounting Standards (CAS), which employ different actuarial assumptions and accounting conventions than GAAP. These costs are allocable to government contracts. Other postretirement benefit costs are allocated to business segments based on CAS, which is generally based on benefits paid.

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Assets
Segment assets are summarized in the table below:
 
March 31
2016

 
December 31
2015

Commercial Airplanes

$58,876

 

$57,253

Defense, Space & Security:
 
 
 
Boeing Military Aircraft
6,865

 
6,793

Network & Space Systems
6,276

 
6,307

Global Services & Support
4,374

 
4,567

Total Defense, Space & Security
17,515

 
17,667

Boeing Capital
3,194

 
3,492

Unallocated items, eliminations and other
11,962

 
15,996

Total

$91,547

 

$94,408

Assets included in Unallocated items, eliminations and other primarily consist of Cash and cash equivalents, Short-term and other investments, Deferred tax assets, capitalized interest and assets held by Shared Services Group as well as intercompany eliminations.

25
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
The Boeing Company
Chicago, Illinois
We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial position of The Boeing Company and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2016, and the related condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows and equity for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to such condensed consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statement of financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 10, 2016, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2015 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated statement of financial position from which it has been derived.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Chicago, Illinois
April 27, 2016

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “may,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “projects,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “targets,” “anticipates” and similar expressions are used to identify these forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include statements relating to our future financial condition and operating results, as well as any other statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact.
 
 
Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions, which may not prove to be accurate. These statements are not guarantees and are subject to risks, uncertainties and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Many factors could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from these forward-looking statements. Among these factors are risks related to:
 
 
(1)
general conditions in the economy and our industry, including those due to regulatory changes;
 
 
(2)
our reliance on our commercial airline customers;
 
 
(3)
the overall health of our aircraft production system, planned production rate increases across multiple commercial airline programs, our commercial development and derivative aircraft programs, and our aircraft being subject to stringent performance and reliability standards;
 
 
(4)
changing budget and appropriation levels and acquisition priorities of the U.S. government;
 
 
(5)
our dependence on U.S. government contracts;
 
 
(6)
our reliance on fixed-price contracts;
 
 
(7)
our reliance on cost-type contracts;
 
 
(8)
uncertainties concerning contracts that include in-orbit incentive payments;
 
 
(9)
our dependence on our subcontractors and suppliers as well as the availability of raw materials;
 
 
(10)
changes in accounting estimates;
 
 
(11)
changes in the competitive landscape in our markets;
 
 
(12)
our non-U.S. operations, including sales to non-U.S. customers;
 
 
(13)
potential adverse developments in new or pending litigation and/or government investigations;
 
 
(14)
customer and aircraft concentration in Boeing Capital’s customer financing portfolio;
 
 
(15)
changes in our ability to obtain debt on commercially reasonable terms and at competitive rates in order to fund our operations and contractual commitments;
 
 
(16)
realizing the anticipated benefits of mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, strategic alliances or divestitures;
 
 
(17)
the adequacy of our insurance coverage to cover significant risk exposures;

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(18)
potential business disruptions, including those related to physical security threats, information technology or cyber attacks, epidemics, sanctions or natural disasters;
 
 
(19)
work stoppages or other labor disruptions;
 
 
(20)
significant changes in discount rates and actual investment return on pension assets;
 
 
(21)
potential environmental liabilities; and
 
 
(22)
threats to the security of our or our customers’ information.
 
 
Additional information concerning these and other factors can be found in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the “Risk Factors” on pages 6 through 15 of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Notes 9, 10, and 16 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. Any forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Consolidated Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Earnings From Operations and Core Operating Earnings (Non-GAAP) The following table summarizes key indicators of consolidated results of operations:
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Revenues

$22,632

 

$22,149

 
 
 
 
GAAP
 
 
 
Earnings from operations

$1,788

 

$2,019

Operating margins
7.9
%
 
9.1
%
Effective income tax rate
30.0
%
 
31.3
%
Net earnings

$1,219

 

$1,336

Diluted earnings per share

$1.83

 

$1.87

 
 
 
 
Non-GAAP (1)
 
 
 
Core operating earnings

$1,694

 

$2,132

Core operating margin
7.5
%
 
9.6
%
Core earnings per share

$1.74

 

$1.97

(1) 
These measures exclude certain components of pension and other postretirement benefit expense. See page 45 for important information about these non-GAAP measures and reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP measures.
Revenues
The following table summarizes Revenues:
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Commercial Airplanes

$14,399

 

$15,381

Defense, Space & Security
7,956

 
6,709

Boeing Capital
64

 
86

Unallocated items, eliminations and other
213

 
(27
)
Total

$22,632

 

$22,149

Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by $483 million, or 2% compared with the same period in 2015. Commercial Airplanes revenues decreased by $982 million, or 6% due to lower new airplane deliveries and mix. Defense, Space & Security (BDS) revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by $1,247 million, or 19% compared with the same period in 2015 due to higher revenues in all three segments. The change in unallocated items and eliminations primarily reflects the timing of eliminations for intercompany aircraft deliveries.

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Earnings From Operations
The following table summarizes Earnings from operations:
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Commercial Airplanes

$1,033

 

$1,617

Defense, Space & Security
822

 
743

Boeing Capital
5

 
20

Unallocated pension and other postretirement benefit expense
94

 
(113
)
Other unallocated items and eliminations
(166
)
 
(248
)
Earnings from operations (GAAP)

$1,788

 

$2,019

Unallocated pension and other postretirement benefit expense
(94
)
 
113

Core operating earnings (Non-GAAP)

$1,694

 

$2,132

Earnings from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 decreased by $231 million compared with the same period in 2015 primarily reflecting lower earnings at Commercial Airplanes, partially offset by the changes in unallocated pension and other postretirement benefit expense and unallocated items and eliminations.
During the first quarter of 2016, we recorded a reach-forward loss of $243 million on the KC-46A Tanker program of which $162 million was recorded at Commercial Airplanes and $81 million at our Boeing Military Aircraft (BMA) segment. In addition, we recorded a charge of $70 million related to the 747 program at Commercial Airplanes.
Core operating earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2016 decreased by $438 million compared with the same period in 2015 primarily due to lower earnings at Commercial Airplanes.
Unallocated Items, Eliminations and Other The most significant items included in Unallocated items, eliminations and other are shown in the following table:
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Share-based plans

($23
)
 

($21
)
Deferred compensation
16

 
(58
)
Eliminations and other unallocated items
(159
)
 
(169
)
Sub-total (included in core operating earnings*)
(166
)
 
(248
)
Pension
45

 
(152
)
Postretirement
49

 
39

Pension and other postretirement benefit expense
(excluded from core operating earnings*)
94

 
(113
)
Total

($72
)
 

($361
)
* Core operating earnings is a Non-GAAP measure that excludes certain components of pension and postretirement benefit expense. See page 45.
The deferred compensation benefit of $16 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared with an expense of $58 million in the same period in 2015 was primarily driven by changes in our stock price.
Eliminations and other unallocated loss for the three months ended March 31, 2016 decreased by $10 million compared with the same period in 2015 primarily due to the timing of the elimination of profit on intercompany aircraft deliveries and expense allocations.

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We recorded net periodic benefit cost related to pension of $150 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared with $664 million for the same period in 2015. The components of net periodic benefit cost are shown in the following table:
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31
Pension Plans
2016

 
2015

Service cost

$163

 

$442

Interest cost
764

 
747

Expected return on plan assets
(999
)
 
(1,008
)
Amortization of prior service costs
10

 
49

Recognized net actuarial loss
197

 
396

Settlement/curtailment/other losses
15

 
38

Net periodic benefit cost

$150

 

$664

The decrease in net periodic pension benefit cost for the three months ended March 31, 2016 of $514 million compared with the same period in 2015 is primarily due to lower service costs and lower amortization of actuarial losses driven by higher discount rates. The lower service costs reflect the changes to our retirement plans whereby certain employees transitioned in 2016 to a company-funded defined contribution retirement savings plan.
A portion of net periodic benefit cost is recognized in Earnings from operations in the period incurred and the remainder is included in inventory at the end of the reporting period and recorded in Earnings from operations in subsequent periods. Costs are allocated to the business segments as described in Note 16. Net periodic pension benefit costs included in Earnings from operations were as follows:
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31
Pension Plans
2016

 
2015

Allocated to business segments

($674
)
 

($633
)
Other unallocated items and eliminations
45

 
(152
)
Total

($629
)
 

($785
)
The unallocated pension costs recognized in earnings was a benefit of $45 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared with an expense of $152 million for the same period in 2015. The 2016 benefit reflects the difference between the higher segment allocation compared to the U.S. GAAP net periodic pension costs recognized in earnings in the current period. The 2015 unallocated expense reflects the amortization of pension costs capitalized as inventory in prior years.
Other Earnings Items 
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Earnings from operations

$1,788

 

$2,019

Other income/(loss), net
26

 
(12
)
Interest and debt expense
(73
)
 
(61
)
Earnings before income taxes
1,741

 
1,946

Income tax expense
(522
)
 
(610
)
Net earnings from continuing operations

$1,219

 

$1,336


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Our effective income tax rates were 30.0% and 31.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was lower than 2015 primarily due to the favorable impact of the permanent reinstatement of the U.S. research and development tax credit (research credit) at the end of 2015. A tax benefit for the research credit was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and none in the comparable prior year period.
For additional discussion related to Income Taxes, see Note 3 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Total Costs and Expenses (“Cost of Sales”)
Cost of sales, for both products and services, consists primarily of raw materials, parts, sub-assemblies, labor, overhead and subcontracting costs. Our Commercial Airplanes segment predominantly uses program accounting to account for cost of sales and BDS predominantly uses contract accounting. Under program accounting, cost of sales for each commercial airplane program equals the product of (i) revenue recognized in connection with customer deliveries and (ii) the estimated cost of sales percentage applicable to the total remaining program. Under contract accounting, the amount reported as cost of sales is determined by applying the estimated cost of sales percentage to the amount of revenue recognized. The following table summarizes cost of sales:
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31
 

2016

 
2015

Change

Cost of sales

$19,097

 

$18,496


$601

Cost of sales as a % of Revenues
84.4
%
 
83.5
%
0.9
%
Cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by $601 million, or 3% compared with the same period in 2015 primarily driven by the $483 million, or 2%, increase in revenues. Cost of sales at BDS increased by $1,089 million and cost of sales at Commercial Airplanes decreased by $576 million. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue was approximately 84.4% in the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared with 83.5% in the same period in 2015 primarily driven by the mix of intercompany aircraft deliveries and the 2016 charges for the KC-46A Tanker and 747 programs, partially offset by lower pension costs.
Research and Development The following table summarizes our Research and development expense:
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Commercial Airplanes

$671

 

$543

Defense, Space & Security
258

 
224

Other
(12
)
 
2

Total

$917

 

$769

Research and development expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by $148 million compared with the same period in 2015 primarily due to higher spending on 777X at Commercial Airplanes.

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Backlog
(Dollars in millions)
March 31
2016

 
December 31
2015

Total contractual backlog

$470,161

 

$476,595

Unobligated backlog
9,766

 
12,704

Contractual backlog of unfilled orders excludes purchase options, announced orders for which definitive contracts have not been executed, and unobligated U.S. and non-U.S. government contract funding. The decrease in contractual backlog during the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared with December 31, 2015 was primarily due to deliveries in excess of net orders.
Unobligated backlog includes U.S. and non-U.S. government definitive contracts for which funding has not been authorized. The unobligated backlog of $9,766 million at March 31, 2016 decreased from December 31, 2015 primarily due to reclassifications to contractual backlog related to incremental funding for BDS contracts, partially offset by contract awards.
Additional Considerations
KC-46A Tanker In 2011, we were awarded a contract from the U.S. Air Force (USAF) to design, develop, manufacture and deliver four next generation aerial refueling tankers. The KC-46A Tanker is a derivative of our 767 commercial aircraft. This Engineering, Manufacturing and Development (EMD) contract is a fixed-price incentive fee contract valued at $4.9 billion and involves highly complex designs and systems integration. The EMD contract is currently in the certification and flight testing phases. In 2015, we began work on low rate initial production (LRIP) aircraft for the USAF and have continued production of LRIP aircraft in 2016. The USAF is expected to authorize two low rate initial production lots in 2016 for a total of 19 aircraft, subject to satisfactory progress being made on the EMD contract.
Through 2015, we recorded reach-forward losses of $1,095 million on the EMD contract and in 2015, we recorded a reach-forward loss of $165 million related to LRIP aircraft. The EMD losses were primarily due to initial engineering and design issues, design changes required in the aircraft fuels and aerial refueling systems, additional qualification and certification testing as well as investment to enable us to meet our delivery commitments in 2017. The reach-forward loss related to LRIP aircraft was primarily driven by increased manufacturing complexity resulting from design changes. In 2016, we recorded further reach-forward losses of $243 million which included $158 million related to the EMD contract and $85 million related to LRIP aircraft. These losses are primarily driven by higher than anticipated certification and test rework and the change incorporation impact to EMD and LRIP aircraft. As with any development program, this program remains subject to additional reach-forward losses if we experience further technical or quality issues, schedule delays or increased costs.
We continue to expect to meet our commitment to deliver 18 fully operational aircraft to the customer by August 2017. The contract contains production options for both LRIP aircraft and full rate production aircraft. If all options under the contract are exercised, we expect to deliver 179 aircraft for a total expected contract value of approximately $30 billion.
Russia/Ukraine We continue to monitor political unrest involving Russia and Ukraine, where we and some of our suppliers source titanium products and/or have operations. A number of our commercial customers also have operations in Russia and Ukraine. To date, we have not experienced any significant disruptions to production or deliveries. Should suppliers or customers experience disruption, our production and/or deliveries could be materially impacted.

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Export-Import Bank of the United States Many of our non-U.S. customers finance purchases through the Export-Import Bank of the United States. Following the expiration of the bank’s charter on June 30, 2015, the bank’s charter was reauthorized in December 2015. The bank is now authorized through September 30, 2019. However, until the U.S. Senate confirms members sufficient to reconstitute a quorum of the bank’s board of directors, the bank will not be able to approve any transaction totaling more than $10 million. As a result, we may fund additional commitments and/or enter into new financing arrangements with customers. Certain of our non-U.S. customers also may seek to delay purchases if they cannot obtain financing at reasonable costs, and there may be further impacts with respect to future sales campaigns involving non-U.S. customers. We continue to work with our customers to mitigate risks associated with the lack of a quorum of the bank’s board of directors and assist with alternative third party financing sources.
Segment Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Commercial Airplanes
Results of Operations
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Revenues

$14,399

 

$15,381

Earnings from operations

$1,033

 

$1,617

Operating margins
7.2
%
 
10.5
%
(Dollars in millions)
March 31
2016

 
December 31
2015

Contractual backlog

$422,982

 

$431,408

Unobligated backlog
632

 
216

Revenues
Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016 decreased by $982 million or 6% compared with the same period in 2015 primarily due to lower deliveries of 747 and 767 aircraft and delivery mix, partially offset by 787-9 volume.
Commercial airplane deliveries, including intercompany deliveries, were as follows:

737

*
747

 
767

 
777

 
787

 
Total

Deliveries during the first three months of 2016
121

(5)
1

 
1

 
23

 
30

 
176

Deliveries during the first three months of 2015
121

(3)
4

 
5

 
24

 
30

 
184

Cumulative deliveries as of 3/31/2016
5,834

 
1,520

 
1,084

 
1,384

 
393

 

Cumulative deliveries as of 12/31/2015
5,713

 
1,519

 
1,083

 
1,361

 
363

 

*     Intercompany deliveries identified by parentheses
Earnings From Operations
Earnings from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 decreased by $584 million compared with the same period in 2015. The decrease in earnings and operating margins is primarily due to delivery mix, an additional reach-forward loss related to the KC-46A Tanker program of $162 million, higher research and development costs of $128 million primarily related to the 777X, and an additional reach-forward loss on the 747 program of $70 million.

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Backlog
The decrease in contractual backlog during the three months ended March 31, 2016 was due to deliveries in excess of net orders.
Accounting Quantity
The following table provides details of the accounting quantities and firm orders by program. Cumulative firm orders represent the cumulative number of commercial jet aircraft deliveries plus undelivered firm orders.
 
Program
As of 3/31/2016
737

 
747*

 
767

 
777

 
777X

 
787

Program accounting quantities
8,600

 
1,574

 
1,147

 
1,650

 
**

 
1,300

Undelivered units under firm orders
4,380

 
23


80

 
205

 
306

 
746

Cumulative firm orders
10,214

 
1,543

 
1,164

 
1,589

 
306

 
1,139

 
Program
As of 12/31/2015
737

 
747*

 
767

 
777

 
777X

 
787

Program accounting quantities
8,400

 
1,574

 
1,147

 
1,650

 
**

 
1,300

Undelivered units under firm orders
4,392

 
20

 
80

 
218

 
306

 
779

Cumulative firm orders
10,105

 
1,539

 
1,163

 
1,579

 
306

 
1,142

* At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, undelivered 747 units under firm orders include a number of aircraft that are being remarketed. At March 31, 2016, undelivered 747 units under firm orders include four aircraft that will be accounted for as revenues by Commercial Airplanes and as operating leases in consolidation.
** The accounting quantity for the 777X will be determined in the year of first airplane delivery, targeted for 2020.
Program Highlights
737 Program The accounting quantity for the 737 program increased by 200 units during the three months ended March 31, 2016 due to the program’s normal progress of obtaining additional orders and delivering airplanes. We are currently producing at a rate of 42 per month and plan to increase to 47 per month in 2017. We plan to further increase the rate to 52 per month in 2018 and to 57 per month in 2019. First delivery of the 737 MAX is expected in 2017.
747 Program Lower-than-expected demand for large commercial passenger and freighter aircraft and slower-than-expected growth of global freight traffic have resulted in market uncertainties, ongoing pricing pressures and fewer orders than anticipated. During the second half of 2015, the cargo market recovery slowed, and in January 2016, we announced a plan to reduce the production rate to 0.5 per month as well as recognize a reach-forward loss of $885 million on the program. The charge, which was recorded during the fourth quarter of 2015, was primarily related to lower anticipated revenues reflecting ongoing pricing and market pressures, as well as higher estimated costs due to the reduced production rate. During the first quarter of 2016, an additional reach-forward loss of $70 million was recorded to reflect lower estimated revenue from future sales. We are currently producing at a rate of 1.0 per month, and expect to further reduce the rate to 0.5 per month in September 2016 and then return to 1.0 per month in 2019. We have a number of completed aircraft in inventory as well as unsold production positions and we remain focused on obtaining additional orders and implementing cost-reduction efforts. If we are unable to obtain sufficient orders in 2016 and/or market, production and other risks cannot be mitigated, we could record additional losses that may be material.

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767 Program The 767 assembly line includes a 767 derivative to support the tanker program. We increased the combined tanker and commercial production rate from 1.5 per month to 2 per month in April of 2016. We plan to further increase the rate to 2.5 per month in the fourth quarter of 2017.
777 Program We are currently producing at a rate of 8.3 per month and plan to reduce the rate to 7 per month in 2017. In the fourth quarter of 2013, we launched the 777X, which features a new composite wing, new engines and folding wing-tips. The 777X will have a separate program accounting quantity, which will be determined in the year of first airplane delivery, targeted for 2020.
787 Program We continue to produce at a rate of 10 per month and are in the process of increasing to 12 per month in 2016. We are planning a further rate increase to 14 per month by the end of the decade. First delivery of the 787-10 derivative aircraft is targeted for 2018. The accounting quantity of 1,300 units remains unchanged.
We remain focused on implementing the production rate of 12 per month and improving productivity. We continue to monitor and address challenges associated with aircraft production and assembly for both the 787-8 and 787-9, including management of our manufacturing operations and extended global supply chain, completion and integration of traveled work, as well as completing and delivering early build aircraft. In addition, we continue to work with our customers and suppliers to assess the specific impacts of schedule changes, including requests for contractual relief related to delivery delays and supplier assertions.
During 2009, we concluded that the first three flight-test 787 aircraft could not be sold as previously anticipated due to the inordinate amount of rework and unique and extensive modifications made to those aircraft. As a result, costs associated with these airplanes were included in research and development expense. Based on sales activity and market interest we continue to believe that the remaining 787 flight-test aircraft are commercially saleable and we continue to include costs related to these aircraft in program inventory. However, there is risk that we may be unable to sell these aircraft. If we determine that any of the remaining flight test aircraft cannot be sold, we would incur additional material charges related to the reclassification of costs associated with those aircraft to research and development expense.
The combination of production challenges, change incorporation on early build aircraft, schedule delays, customer and supplier impacts and changes to price escalation factors has created significant pressure on program profitability and we continue to have near breakeven gross margins. If risks related to these challenges, together with risks associated with planned production rate increases and productivity improvements, supply chain management or introducing or manufacturing the 787-10 derivative as scheduled cannot be mitigated, the program could face additional customer claims and/or supplier assertions, further pressures on program profitability and/or a reach-forward loss. We continue to implement mitigation plans and cost-reduction efforts to improve program profitability and address program risks.
Additional Considerations
The development and ongoing production of commercial aircraft is extremely complex, involving extensive coordination and integration with suppliers and highly-skilled labor from thousands of employees and other partners. Meeting or exceeding our performance and reliability standards, as well as those of customers and regulators, can be costly and technologically challenging. In addition, the introduction of new aircraft and derivatives, such as the 787-10, 737 MAX and 777X, involves increased risks associated with meeting development, production and certification schedules. As a result, our ability to deliver aircraft on time, satisfy performance and reliability standards and achieve or maintain, as applicable, program profitability is subject to significant risks. Factors that could result in lower margins (or a material charge if an airplane program has or is determined to have reach-forward losses) include the following: changes to the program accounting quantity, customer and model mix, production costs and rates, changes to price escalation factors due to changes in the inflation rate or other economic indicators, performance or reliability issues involving completed aircraft, capital expenditures and other costs associated with increasing or adding new production capacity, learning curve, additional change incorporation, achieving anticipated cost reductions, flight test and certification schedules, costs, schedule and demand for new airplanes and derivatives and status of customer claims, supplier assertions and other contractual negotiations. While we believe the cost and

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revenue estimates incorporated in the consolidated financial statements are appropriate, the technical complexity of our airplane programs creates financial risk as additional completion costs may become necessary or scheduled delivery dates could be extended, which could trigger termination provisions, order cancellations or other financially significant exposure.
Defense, Space & Security
Business Environment and Trends
United States Government Defense Environment Overview The enactment of The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 in November 2015 established overall defense spending levels for FY2016 and FY2017. However, uncertainty remains with respect to levels of defense spending for FY2018 and beyond, including risk of future sequestration cuts.
Significant uncertainty also continues with respect to program-level appropriations for the U.S. Department of Defense (U.S. DoD) and other government agencies, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, within the overall budgetary framework described above. Future budget cuts, including cuts mandated by sequestration, or future procurement decisions associated with the authorization and appropriations process could result in reductions, cancellations and/or delays of existing contracts or programs. Any of these impacts could have a material effect on the results of the Company's operations, financial position and/or cash flows.
In addition to the risks described above, if Congress is unable to pass appropriations bills in a timely manner, a government shutdown could result which may have impacts above and beyond those resulting from budget cuts, sequestration impacts or program-level appropriations. For example, requirements to furlough employees in the U.S. DoD or other government agencies could result in payment delays, impair our ability to perform work on existing contracts, and/or negatively impact future orders.
Results of Operations
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Revenues

$7,956

 

$6,709

Earnings from operations

$822

 

$743

Operating margins
10.3
%
 
11.1
%
(Dollars in millions)
March 31
2016

 
December 31
2015

Contractual backlog

$47,179

 

$45,187

Unobligated backlog
9,134

 
12,488

Since our operating cycle is long-term and involves many different types of development and production contracts with varying delivery and milestone schedules, the operating results of a particular year, or year-to-year comparisons of revenues, earnings and backlog may not be indicative of future operating results. In addition, depending on the customer and their funding sources, our orders might be structured as annual follow-on contracts, or as one large multi-year order or long-term award. As a result, period-to-period comparisons of backlog are not necessarily indicative of future workloads. The following discussions of comparative results among periods should be viewed in this context.

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Deliveries of units for new-build production aircraft, including remanufactures and modifications, were as follows:
 
Three months ended March 31

2016
 
2015

F/A-18 Models
8
 
11

F-15 Models
4
 
1

C-17 Globemaster III
3
 
1

CH-47 Chinook (New)
3
 
6

CH-47 Chinook (Renewed)
9
 
4

AH-64 Apache (New)
7
 
6

AH-64 Apache (Remanufactured)
11
 
10

P-8 Models
4
 
2

C-40A

 
1

Total
49
 
42

Revenues
BDS revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by $1,247 million compared with the same period in 2015 due to higher revenues of $933 million and $311 million in the BMA and Global Services & Support (GS&S) segments.
Earnings From Operations
BDS earnings from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by $79 million compared with the same period in 2015 due to higher earnings of $75 million and $23 million in the BMA and GS&S segments, partially offset by lower earnings of $19 million in the Network & Space Systems (N&SS) segment.
Backlog
BDS total backlog was $56,313 million at March 31, 2016, reflecting a decrease of 2% from December 31, 2015. For further details on the changes between periods, refer to the discussions of the individual segments below.
Additional Considerations
Our BDS business includes a variety of development programs which have complex design and technical challenges. Many of these programs have cost-type contracting arrangements. In these cases, the associated financial risks are primarily in reduced fees, lower profit rates or program cancellation if cost, schedule or technical performance issues arise. Examples of these programs include Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD), Proprietary and Space Launch System (SLS) programs. Some of our development programs are contracted on a fixed-price basis. Many of these programs have highly complex designs. As technical or quality issues arise during development, we may experience schedule delays and cost impacts, which could increase our estimated cost to perform the work or reduce our estimated price, either of which could result in a material charge or otherwise adversely affect our financial condition. These programs are ongoing, and while we believe the cost and fee estimates incorporated in the financial statements are appropriate, the technical complexity of these programs creates financial risk as additional completion costs may become necessary or scheduled delivery dates could be extended, which could trigger termination provisions, the loss of satellite in-orbit incentive payments, or other financially significant exposure. These programs have risk for reach-forward losses if our estimated costs exceed our estimated contract revenues. Examples of significant fixed-price development programs include Saudi F-15, USAF KC-46A Tanker, Commercial Crew and commercial and military satellites.

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Revenue and cost estimates for all significant contracts are reviewed and reassessed quarterly. Changes in these estimates could result in recognition of cumulative catch-up adjustments to the contract’s inception-to-date revenues, cost of sales and profit, in the period in which such changes are made. Changes in revenue and cost estimates could also result in a reach-forward loss or an adjustment to a reach-forward loss, which would be recorded immediately in earnings. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, net favorable cumulative catch-up adjustments, including reach-forward losses, across all BDS contracts increased Earnings from operations by $78 million and $130 million.
Boeing Military Aircraft
Results of Operations
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Revenues

$3,659

 

$2,726

Earnings from operations

$334

 

$259

Operating margins
9.1
%
 
9.5
%
(Dollars in millions)
March 31
2016

 
December 31
2015

Contractual backlog

$22,088

 

$19,947

Unobligated backlog
4,492

 
7,141

Revenues
BMA revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by $933 million compared with the same period in 2015 primarily due to higher revenues of $1,104 million related to timing and mix of deliveries on the F-15, C-17 and P-8 programs as well as a cumulative catch-up adjustment on the F-15 program resulting from contract definitization, partially offset by lower proprietary volume and fewer F/A-18 deliveries.
Earnings From Operations
BMA earnings from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by $75 million compared with the same period in 2015, primarily due to higher volume and mix on the F-15 and C-17 programs, partially offset by a charge of $81 million related to the KC-46A Tanker program. In the three months ended March 31, 2016, net unfavorable cumulative contract catch-up adjustments were $52 million primarily driven by unfavorable adjustments on the KC-46A Tanker program, partially offset by favorable F-15 program adjustments. In the three months ended March 31, 2015, net favorable cumulative contract catch-up adjustments were $60 million.
Backlog
BMA total backlog of $26,580 million at March 31, 2016 decreased by 2% from December 31, 2015, reflecting revenue recognized on contracts awarded in prior years, partially offset by current year contract awards for the Apache and P-8 programs.
Additional Considerations
F/A-18 See the discussions of the F/A-18 program in Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
KC-46A Tanker See the discussion of the KC-46A Tanker program on page 33.

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Network & Space Systems
Results of Operations 
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Revenues

$1,735

 

$1,732

Earnings from operations

$148

 

$167

Operating margins
8.5
%
 
9.6
%
(Dollars in millions)
March 31
2016

 
December 31
2015

Contractual backlog

$7,976

 

$7,368

Unobligated backlog
4,075

 
4,979

Revenues
N&SS revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016 were consistent with the same period in 2015 primarily due to higher volume of $154 million on several missile defense systems and SLS programs, partially offset by lower volume on Electronic and Information Solutions and proprietary programs as well as lower milestone revenues on government satellite programs.
Earnings From Operations
N&SS earnings from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 decreased by $19 million compared with the same period in 2015 primarily due to lower earnings related to our United Launch Alliance (ULA) joint venture. In the three months ended March 31, 2016, net favorable cumulative contract catch-up adjustments were $14 million primarily due to favorable adjustments on proprietary programs. In the three months ended March 31, 2015 net unfavorable cumulative contract catch-up adjustments were $7 million.
N&SS earnings from operations include equity earnings of $41 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to $60 million for the same periods in 2015 primarily from our ULA joint venture.
Backlog
N&SS total backlog was $12,051 million at March 31, 2016, reflecting a decrease of 2% from December 31, 2015 primarily due to revenue recognized on contracts awarded in prior years, partially offset by current year contract awards for commercial satellite and missile defense programs.
Additional Considerations
United Launch Alliance See the discussion of Indemnifications to ULA and Financing Commitments in Notes 4, 8 and 9 of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Sea Launch See the discussion of the Sea Launch receivables in Note 7 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Global Services & Support
Results of Operations
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Revenues

$2,562

 

$2,251

Earnings from operations

$340

 

$317

Operating margins
13.3
%
 
14.1
%
(Dollars in millions)
March 31
2016


December 31
2015

Contractual backlog

$17,115

 

$17,872

Unobligated backlog
567

 
368

Revenues
GS&S revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by $311 million compared with the same period in 2015 primarily due to higher revenues of $318 million related to higher volume in several Aircraft Modernization & Sustainment (AM&S) and Training Systems & Government Services (TSGS) programs.
Earnings From Operations
GS&S earnings from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by $23 million compared with the same period in 2015 primarily due to higher volume and performance across the segment. Net favorable cumulative contract catch-up adjustments were $39 million higher in the three months ended March 31, 2016 than in the same period in 2015 primarily driven by higher favorable adjustments on the C-17 support programs.
Backlog
GS&S total backlog was $17,682 million at March 31, 2016, reflecting a decrease of 3% from December 31, 2015 primarily due to revenues recognized on contracts awarded in prior years, partially offset by current year contract awards including C-17 support programs.

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Boeing Capital
Results of Operations
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Revenues

$64

 

$86

Earnings from operations

$5

 

$20

Operating margins
8
%
 
23
%
Revenues
Boeing Capital (BCC) segment revenues consist principally of lease income from equipment under operating lease, interest income from financing receivables and notes, and other income. BCC’s revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016 decreased by $22 million compared with the same period in 2015 primarily due to lower lease income driven by adjustments to estimated residual values.
Earnings From Operations
BCC’s earnings from operations are presented net of interest expense, provision for (recovery of) losses, asset impairment expense, depreciation on leased equipment and other operating expenses. Earnings from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 decreased by $15 million compared to the same period in 2015 primarily due to lower revenues.
Financial Position
The following table presents selected financial data for BCC:
(Dollars in millions)
March 31
2016

 
December 31
2015

Customer financing and investment portfolio, net

$3,151

 

$3,449

Other assets, primarily cash and short-term investments
679

 
480

Total assets

$3,830

 

$3,929

 
 
 
 
Other liabilities, primarily deferred income taxes

$993

 

$1,099

Debt, including intercompany loans
2,359

 
2,355

Equity
478

 
475

Total liabilities and equity

$3,830

 

$3,929

 
 
 
 
Debt-to-equity ratio
4.9-to-1

 
5.0-to-1

BCC’s customer financing and investment portfolio at March 31, 2016 decreased from December 31, 2015 primarily due to portfolio run-off. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, BCC had $34 million and $49 million of assets that were held for sale or re-lease, of which $7 million in 2016 had either signed preliminary agreements with deposits or firm contracts to be sold or placed on lease. In addition, aircraft subject to leases with a carrying value of approximately $26 million are scheduled to be returned off lease in the next 12 months. We are seeking to remarket these aircraft or have the leases extended.
BCC enters into certain transactions with Boeing, reflected in Unallocated items, eliminations and other, in the form of intercompany guarantees and other subsidies that mitigate the effects of certain credit quality or asset impairment issues on the BCC segment.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flow Summary
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31
 
2016

 
2015

Net earnings

$1,219

 

$1,336

Non-cash items
561

 
487

Changes in working capital
(549
)
 
(1,735
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
1,231

 
88

Net cash used by investing activities
(438
)
 
(214
)
Net cash used by financing activities
(4,221
)
 
(2,935
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
12

 
(17
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(3,416
)
 
(3,078
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
11,302

 
11,733

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$7,886

 

$8,655

Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.2 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared with $0.1 billion in the same period in 2015, an increase of $1.1 billion primarily due to lower inventory growth. Our investment in gross inventories increased by $0.4 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2016 driven by continued investment in commercial airplane program inventory and KC-46A Tanker capitalized precontract costs, partially offset by lower inventory at our BDS business. Our investment in gross inventories in the three months ended March 31, 2015 increased by $2.2 billion driven by continued investment in commercial airplane program inventory, primarily 787. Advances and progress billings remained consistent during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
Investing Activities Cash used by investing activities was $0.4 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared with $0.2 billion during the same period in 2015, largely due to timing of payments for capital expenditures. We expect capital expenditures in 2016 to be consistent with 2015 due to continued investment to support growth.
Financing Activities Cash used by financing activities was $4.2 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared with $2.9 billion in the same period in 2015, primarily due to higher share repurchases and lower proceeds from stock options exercised. At March 31, 2016, the recorded balance of debt was $10.0 billion of which $1.2 billion was classified as short-term. This includes $2.4 billion of debt attributable to BCC, of which $0.5 billion was classified as short-term.
During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we repurchased 28.6 million shares totaling $3.5 billion through our open market share repurchase program. In addition, 0.6 million shares were transferred to us from employees for tax withholdings. At March 31, 2016, the amount available under the share repurchase plan, announced on December 14, 2015, totaled $10.5 billion.
Capital Resources We have substantial borrowing capacity. Any future borrowings may affect our credit ratings and are subject to various debt covenants as described below. We have a commercial paper program that continues to serve as a significant potential source of short-term liquidity. Throughout the three months ended March 31, 2016, we had no commercial paper borrowings outstanding. Currently, we have $5.0 billion of unused borrowing capacity on revolving credit line agreements. We anticipate that these credit lines will primarily serve as backup liquidity to support our general corporate borrowing needs.
Financing commitments totaled $17.0 billion and $16.3 billion at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. We anticipate that we will not be required to fund a significant portion of our financing commitments as we continue to work with third party financiers to provide alternative financing to customers. Historically, we have not been required to fund significant amounts of outstanding commitments. However, there can be no assurances that we will not be required to fund greater amounts than historically required. In addition, many

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of our non-U.S. customers finance aircraft purchases through the Export-Import Bank of the United States. Following the expiration of the bank’s charter on June 30, 2015, the bank’s charter was reauthorized in December 2015. The bank is now authorized through September 30, 2019. However, until the U.S. Senate confirms members sufficient to reconstitute a quorum of the bank’s board of directors, the bank will not be able to approve any transaction totaling more than $10 million. As a result, we may fund additional commitments and/or enter into new financing arrangements with customers.
In the event we require additional funding to support strategic business opportunities, our commercial aircraft financing commitments, unfavorable resolution of litigation or other loss contingencies, or other business requirements, we expect to meet increased funding requirements by issuing commercial paper or term debt. We believe our ability to access external capital resources should be sufficient to satisfy existing short-term and long-term commitments and plans, and also to provide adequate financial flexibility to take advantage of potential strategic business opportunities should they arise within the next year. However, there can be no assurance of the cost or availability of future borrowings, if any, under our commercial paper program, in the debt markets or our credit facilities.
At March 31, 2016, we were in compliance with the covenants for our debt and credit facilities. The most restrictive covenants include a limitation on mortgage debt and sale and leaseback transactions as a percentage of consolidated net tangible assets (as defined in the credit agreements), and a limitation on consolidated debt as a percentage of total capital (as defined). When considering debt covenants, we continue to have substantial borrowing capacity.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We are a party to certain off-balance sheet arrangements including certain guarantees. For discussion of these arrangements, see Note 9 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Contingent Obligations
We have significant contingent obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business, which include the following:
Legal Various legal proceedings, claims and investigations are pending against us. Legal contingencies are discussed in Note 15 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Environmental Remediation We are involved with various environmental remediation activities and have recorded a liability of $578 million at March 31, 2016. For additional information, see Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Income Taxes As of March 31, 2016, we have $1,677 million of unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions. For further discussion of income taxes, see Note 3 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Non-GAAP Measures
Core Operating Earnings, Core Operating Margin and Core Earnings Per Share
Our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements are prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (GAAP) which we supplement with certain non-GAAP financial information. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the related GAAP measures, and other companies may define such measures differently. We encourage investors to review our financial statements and publicly-filed reports in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure. Core operating earnings, core operating margin and core earnings per share exclude the impact of certain pension and other postretirement benefit expenses that are not allocated to business segments - see Note 16 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Management uses core operating earnings, core operating margin and core earnings per share for purposes of evaluating and forecasting underlying business performance. Management believes these core earnings measures provide investors additional insights into operational performance as unallocated pension and other postretirement benefit cost, primarily represent costs driven by market factors and costs not allocable to U.S. government contracts.
Reconciliation of GAAP Measures to Non-GAAP Measures
The table below reconciles the non-GAAP financial measures of core operating earnings, core operating margin and core earnings per share with the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures of earnings from operations, operating margins and diluted earnings per share.
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Three months ended March 31

2016

 
2015

Revenues

$22,632

 

$22,149

Earnings from operations, as reported

$1,788

 

$2,019

Operating margins
7.9
%
 
9.1
%
 
 
 
 
Unallocated pension and other postretirement benefit expense

($94
)
 

$113

Core operating earnings (non-GAAP)

$1,694

 

$2,132

Core operating margins (non-GAAP)
7.5
%
 
9.6
%
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share, as reported

$1.83

 

$1.87

Unallocated pension and other postretirement benefit expense (1)

($0.09
)
 

$0.10

Core earnings per share (non-GAAP)

$1.74

 

$1.97

Weighted average diluted shares (in millions)
665.8

 
714.2

(1) 
Earnings per share impact is presented net of the federal statutory rate of 35.0%.
Other
Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 and Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”), require disclosure of certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran that occurred during the period covered by this report. Disclosure is required even if the activities, transactions or dealings were conducted in compliance with applicable law. During the first quarter of 2016, we provided updates to aircraft maintenance manuals to Iran Air Tours. We generated approximately $139 thousand in gross revenues and $16 thousand in net profits during the first quarter from these activities. These transfers were authorized by a license from the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”). Boeing applied for the OFAC license consistent with guidance from the U.S. Government in connection with ongoing negotiations between the “P5+1” nations and Iran related to, among other things, the safety of Iran’s civil aviation industry. We may engage in additional activities pursuant to this license.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no significant changes to our market risk since December 31, 2015.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a)Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2016 and have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b)Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
There were no changes that occurred during the first quarter of 2016 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Currently, we are involved in a number of legal proceedings. For a discussion of contingencies related to legal proceedings, see Note 15 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information about purchases we made during the quarter ended March 31, 2016 of equity securities that are registered by us pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act:
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
 
(a)
 
(b)
 
(c)
 
(d)
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)

 
Average
Price
Paid per
Share

 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs

 
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares That
May Yet be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs (2)

1/1/2016 thru 1/31/2016
4,014,608

 

$129.49

 
3,873,500

 

$13,500

2/1/2016 thru 2/29/2016
13,020,128

 
116.83

 
12,588,095

 
12,030

3/1/2016 thru 3/31/2016
12,161,022

 
126.25

 
12,114,149

 
10,500

Total
29,195,758

 

$122.49

 
28,575,744

 
 
(1) 
We purchased an aggregate of 28,575,744 shares of our common stock in the open market pursuant to our repurchase program and 620,014 shares transferred to us from employees in satisfaction of minimum tax withholding obligations associated with the vesting of restricted stock units during the period. We did not purchase shares in swap transactions.
(2) 
On December 14, 2015, we announced a new repurchase plan for up to $14 billion of common stock, replacing the plan previously authorized in 2014.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits
3.2
By-Laws of The Boeing Company, as amended and restated effective March 1, 2016 (Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 18, 2016).
 
 
10.1 
Form of Notice of Terms of Supplemental Restricted Stock Units (Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 18, 2016).
 
 
12
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
 
 
15
Letter from Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm regarding unaudited interim financial information.
 
 
31(i)
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
31(ii)
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
32(i)
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
32(ii)
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document.
 
 
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
 
 
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
 
 
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
 
 
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
 
 
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.


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Signature
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
THE BOEING COMPANY
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
April 27, 2016
 
/s/ Robert E. Verbeck
(Date)
 
Robert E. Verbeck – Senior Vice President, Finance and Corporate Controller

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