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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019
OR
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number 001-34057
agnclogowhitespacinghiresa11.jpg
AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
__________________________________________________
Delaware
 
26-1701984
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
2 Bethesda Metro Center, 12th Floor
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
(Address of principal executive offices)
(301) 968-9315
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 __________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).   Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
ý
 
Accelerated filer
o
 
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller Reporting Company
o
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
o
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý  

The number of shares of the issuer's common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of April 30, 2019 was 536,412,404.

 




AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


1



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except per share data)

 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
Agency securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $89,471 and $78,619, respectively)
$
93,044

 
$
82,291

Agency securities transferred to consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value (pledged securities)
425

 
436

Credit risk transfer securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $142 and $141, respectively)
1,129

 
1,012

Non-Agency securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $45 and $45, respectively)
672

 
548

U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $121 and $0, respectively)
121

 
46

Cash and cash equivalents
929

 
921

Restricted cash
517

 
599

Derivative assets, at fair value
253

 
273

Receivable for investment securities sold (pledged securities)
439

 
489

Receivable under reverse repurchase agreements
20,430

 
21,813

Goodwill
526

 
526

Other assets
322

 
287

Total assets
$
118,807

 
$
109,241

Liabilities:
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
$
86,685

 
$
75,717

Debt of consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value
266

 
275

Payable for investment securities purchased
1,125

 
1,204

Derivative liabilities, at fair value
53

 
84

Dividends payable
107

 
106

Obligation to return securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements, at fair value
19,275

 
21,431

Accounts payable and other liabilities
795

 
518

Total liabilities
108,306

 
99,335

Stockholders' equity:
 
 
 
7.750% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (aggregate liquidation preference of $175)
169

 
169

7.000% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (aggregate liquidation preference of $325)
315

 
315

6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (aggregate liquidation preference of $235)
227

 

Common stock - $0.01 par value; 900 shares authorized; 536.3 shares issued and outstanding
5

 
5

Additional paid-in capital
13,795

 
13,793

Retained deficit
(3,467
)
 
(3,433
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(543
)
 
(943
)
Total stockholders' equity
10,501

 
9,906

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
118,807

 
$
109,241

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

2



AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Interest income:
 
 
 
Interest income
$
705

 
$
431

Interest expense
541

 
206

Net interest income
164

 
225

Other gain (loss), net:
 
 
 
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net
60

 
(2
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net
1,060

 
(523
)
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net
(1,000
)
 
738

Management fee income

 
4

Total other gain, net:
120

 
217

Expenses:
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
10

 
10

Other operating expense
9

 
8

Total operating expense
19

 
18

Net income
265

 
424

Dividend on preferred stock
10

 
9

Net income available to common stockholders
$
255

 
$
415

 
 
 
 
Net income
$
265

 
$
424

Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net
400

 
(621
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
665

 
(197
)
Dividend on preferred stock
10

 
9

Comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders
$
655

 
$
(206
)
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic
536.7

 
391.3

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted
537.2

 
391.5

Net income per common share - basic
$
0.48

 
$
1.06

Net income per common share - diluted
$
0.47

 
$
1.06

Dividends declared per common share
$
0.54

 
$
0.54

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3


AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(in millions)

 
7.750% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
 
7.000% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
 
6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Deficit
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Total
 
 
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Balance, December 31, 2017
$
169

 
$
315

 

 
391.3

 
$
4

 
$
11,173

 
$
(2,562
)
 
$
(345
)
 
$
8,754

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 
424

 

 
424

Other comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(621
)
 
(621
)
Stock-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 
1

 

 

 
1

Preferred dividends declared

 

 

 

 

 

 
(9
)
 

 
(9
)
Common dividends declared

 

 

 

 

 

 
(211
)
 

 
(211
)
Balance, March 31, 2018
$
169

 
$
315

 
$

 
391.3

 
$
4

 
$
11,174

 
$
(2,358
)
 
$
(966
)
 
$
8,338

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
$
169

 
$
315

 

 
536.3

 
$
5

 
$
13,793

 
$
(3,433
)
 
$
(943
)
 
$
9,906

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 
265

 

 
265

Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
400

 
400

Stock-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 
2

 

 

 
2

Issuance of preferred stock

 

 
227

 

 

 

 

 

 
227

Preferred dividends declared

 

 

 

 

 

 
(10
)
 

 
(10
)
Common dividends declared

 

 

 

 

 

 
(289
)
 

 
(289
)
Balance, March 31, 2019
$
169

 
$
315

 
$
227

 
536.3

 
$
5

 
$
13,795

 
$
(3,467
)
 
$
(543
)
 
$
10,501

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



4



AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in millions) 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
265

 
$
424

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Amortization of premiums and discounts on mortgage-backed securities, net
142

 
69

Amortization of intangible assets

 
1

Stock-based compensation
2

 
1

(Gain) loss on sale of investment securities, net
(60
)
 
2

Unrealized (gain) loss on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net
(1,060
)
 
523

(Gain) loss on derivative instruments and other securities, net
1,000

 
(738
)
(Increase) decrease in other assets
(35
)
 
3

Increase in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
75

 
3

Net cash provided by operating activities
329

 
288

Investing activities:
 
 
 
Purchases of Agency mortgage-backed securities
(16,038
)
 
(2,287
)
Purchases of credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities
(499
)
 
(215
)
Proceeds from sale of Agency mortgage-backed securities
4,694

 
1,181

Proceeds from sale of credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities
297

 
208

Principal collections on Agency mortgage-backed securities
1,889

 
1,661

Principal collections on credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities
5

 

Payments on U.S. Treasury securities
(7,550
)
 
(1,345
)
Proceeds from U.S. Treasury securities
5,103

 
1,403

Net proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements
1,526

 
231

Net proceeds from (payments on) derivative instruments
(714
)
 
466

Net payments on other investing activity

 
(16
)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
(11,287
)
 
1,287

Financing activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from repurchase arrangements
930,289

 
243,168

Payments on repurchase agreements
(919,321
)
 
(244,507
)
Payments on debt of consolidated variable interest entities
(13
)
 
(21
)
Net proceeds from preferred stock issuance
227

 

Cash dividends paid
(298
)
 
(220
)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
10,884

 
(1,580
)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(74
)
 
(5
)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
1,520

 
1,363

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
$
1,446

 
$
1,358

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5



AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Basis of Presentation
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of AGNC Investment Corp. (referred throughout this report as the "Company," "we," "us" and "our") are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals, necessary for the fair presentation of financial statements for the interim period have been included. The current period’s results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results that ultimately may be achieved for the year.
Our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all of our wholly-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Note 2. Organization
We were organized in Delaware on January 7, 2008 and commenced operations on May 20, 2008 following the completion of our initial public offering. Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "AGNC."
We are internally-managed, and our principal objective is to provide our stockholders with attractive risk-adjusted returns through a combination of monthly dividends and tangible net book value accretion. We generate income from the interest earned on our investments, net of associated borrowing and hedging costs, and net realized gains and losses on our investment and hedging activities.
We operate to qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"). As a REIT, we are required to distribute annually 90% of our taxable income. As a REIT, we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal or state corporate taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we distribute our annual taxable income to our stockholders on a timely basis. It is our intention to distribute 100% of our taxable income, after application of available tax attributes, within the limits prescribed by the Internal Revenue Code, which may extend into the subsequent tax year.
We invest primarily in Agency residential mortgage-backed securities ("Agency RMBS") for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise ("GSE") or a U.S. Government agency. We also invest in other types of mortgage and mortgage-related securities, such as credit risk transfer ("CRT") securities and non-Agency residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities ("non-Agency RMBS" and "CMBS," respectively), where repayment of principal and interest is not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency and in other investments in, or related to, the housing, mortgage or real estate markets. We fund our investments primarily through borrowings structured as repurchase agreements.

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Investment Securities
Agency RMBS consist of residential mortgage pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs") guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac," and together with Fannie Mae, the "GSEs") or the Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae").
CRT securities are risk sharing instruments issued by the GSEs, and similarly structured transactions issued by third-party market participants, that transfer a portion of the risk associated with credit losses within pools of conventional residential mortgage loans from the GSEs and/or third parties to private investors. Unlike Agency RMBS, full repayment of the original principal balance of CRT securities is not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency; rather, "credit risk transfer" is achieved by writing down the outstanding principal balance of the CRT securities if credit losses on a related pool of loans exceed certain thresholds. By reducing the amount that they are obligated to repay to holders of CRT securities, the GSEs and/or other third parties offset credit losses on the related loans.

6



Non-Agency RMBS and CMBS (together, "Non-Agency MBS") are backed by residential and commercial mortgage loans, respectively, packaged and securitized by a private institution, such as a commercial bank. Non-Agency MBS typically benefit from credit enhancements derived from structural elements, such as subordination, overcollateralization or insurance, but nonetheless carry a higher level of credit exposure than Agency RMBS.
All of our securities are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet. Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 320, Investments—Debt and Equity Securities, requires that at the time of purchase, we designate a security as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale or trading, depending on our ability and intent to hold such security to maturity. Alternatively, we may elect the fair value option of accounting for securities pursuant to ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments. Prior to fiscal year 2017, we primarily designated our investment securities as available-for-sale. On January 1, 2017, we began electing the fair value option of accounting for all investment securities acquired after fiscal year 2016. Unrealized gains and losses on securities classified as available-for-sale are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income ("OCI"). Unrealized gains and losses on securities for which we elected the fair value option or are classified as trading are reported in net income through other gain (loss) during the period in which they occur. Upon the sale of a security designated as available-for-sale, we determine the cost of the security and the amount of unrealized gains or losses to reclassify out of accumulated OCI into earnings based on the specific identification method. In our view, the election of the fair value option simplifies the accounting for investment securities and more appropriately reflects the results of our operations for a reporting period, as the fair value changes for these assets are presented in a manner consistent with the presentation and timing of the fair value changes of our derivative instruments.
We estimate the fair value of our investment securities based on prices provided by multiple third-party pricing services and non-binding dealer quotes (collectively "pricing sources"). These pricing sources use various valuation approaches, including market and income approaches, using "Level 2" inputs. The pricing sources primarily utilize a matrix pricing technique that interpolates the estimated fair value of our Agency RMBS based on observed quoted prices for forward contracts in the Agency RMBS "to-be-announced" market ("TBA securities") of the same coupon, maturity and issuer, adjusted to reflect the specific characteristics of the pool of mortgages underlying the Agency security, which may include maximum loan balance, loan vintage, loan-to-value ratio, geography and other characteristics as may be appropriate. The pricing sources may also utilize discounted cash flow model-derived pricing techniques to estimate the fair value of investment securities. Such models incorporate market-based discount rate assumptions based on observable inputs such as recent trading activity, credit data, volatility statistics, benchmark interest rate curves and other market data that are current as of the measurement date and may include certain unobservable inputs, such as assumptions of future levels of prepayment, defaults and loss severities. We review the pricing estimates obtained from the pricing sources and perform procedures to validate their reasonableness. Refer to Note 8 for further discussion of fair value measurements.
We evaluate our investments designated as available-for-sale for other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") on at least a quarterly basis. The determination of whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired may involve judgments and assumptions based on subjective and objective factors. When a security is impaired, an OTTI is considered to have occurred if any one of the following three conditions exists as of the financial reporting date: (i) we intend to sell the security (that is, a decision has been made to sell the security), (ii) it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis or (iii) we do not expect to recover the security's amortized cost basis, even if we do not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security. A general allowance for unidentified impairments in a portfolio of securities is not permitted.
Interest Income
Interest income is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount of the investment securities and their contractual terms. Premiums or discounts associated with the purchase of Agency RMBS and non-Agency MBS of high credit quality are amortized or accreted into interest income, respectively, over the projected lives of the securities, including contractual payments and estimated prepayments, using the effective interest method in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-20, Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs.
We estimate long-term prepayment speeds of our mortgage securities using a third-party service and market data. The third-party service provider estimates prepayment speeds using models that incorporate the forward yield curve, current mortgage rates, mortgage rates of the outstanding loans, age and size of the outstanding loans, loan-to-value ratios, interest rate volatility and other factors. We review the prepayment speeds estimated by the third-party service and compare the results to market consensus prepayment speeds, if available. We also consider historical prepayment speeds and current market conditions to validate the reasonableness of the third-party estimates. We review our actual and anticipated prepayment experience on at least a quarterly basis and effective yields are recalculated when differences arise between (i) our previously estimated future prepayments and (ii) actual prepayments to date and our current estimated future prepayments. If the actual and estimated future prepayment experience differs from our prior estimate of prepayments, we are required to record an adjustment in the current period to the amortization or accretion of premiums and discounts for the cumulative difference in the effective yield through the reporting date.

7



At the time we purchase CRT securities and non-Agency MBS that are not of high credit quality, we determine an effective yield based on our estimate of the timing and amount of future cash flows and our cost basis. Our initial cash flow estimates for these investments are based on our observations of current information and events and include assumptions related to interest rates, prepayment rates and the impact of default and severity rates on the timing and amount of credit losses. On at least a quarterly basis, we review the estimated cash flows and make appropriate adjustments based on inputs and analysis received from external sources, internal models, and our judgment regarding such inputs and other factors. Any resulting changes in effective yield are recognized prospectively based on the current amortized cost of the investment adjusted for credit impairments, if any.
Repurchase Agreements 
We finance the acquisition of securities for our investment portfolio primarily through repurchase transactions under master repurchase agreements. Pursuant to ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing, we account for repurchase transactions as collateralized financing transactions, which are carried at their contractual amounts (cost), plus accrued interest. Our repurchase agreements typically have maturities of less than one year but may extend up to five years or more. Interest rates on our repurchase agreements generally correspond to one or three-month LIBOR plus or minus a fixed spread. The fair value of our repurchase agreements is assumed to equal cost as the interest rates are considered to be at market.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Obligation to Return Securities Borrowed under Reverse Repurchase Agreements
We borrow securities to cover short sales of U.S. Treasury securities through reverse repurchase transactions under our master repurchase agreements (see Derivative Instruments below). We account for these as securities borrowing transactions and recognize an obligation to return the borrowed securities at fair value on the balance sheet based on the value of the underlying borrowed securities as of the reporting date. Our reverse repurchase agreements typically have maturities of 30 days or less. The fair value of our reverse repurchase agreements is assumed to equal cost as the interest rates are considered to be at market.
Derivative Instruments
We use a variety of derivative instruments to hedge a portion of our exposure to market risks, including interest rate, prepayment, extension and liquidity risks. The objective of our risk management strategy is to reduce fluctuations in net book value over a range of interest rate scenarios. In particular, we attempt to mitigate the risk of the cost of our variable rate liabilities increasing during a period of rising interest rates. The primary instruments that we use are interest rate swaps, options to enter into interest rate swaps ("swaptions"), U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts. We also use forward contracts in the Agency RMBS "to-be-announced" market, or TBA securities, to invest in and finance Agency securities as well as to periodically reduce our exposure to Agency RMBS.
We account for derivative instruments in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"). ASC 815 requires an entity to recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in our accompanying consolidated balance sheets and to measure those instruments at fair value. None of our derivative instruments have been designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes under the provisions of ASC 815, consequently changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments are reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Our derivative agreements generally contain provisions that allow for netting or setting off derivative assets and liabilities with the counterparty; however, we report related assets and liabilities on a gross basis in our consolidated balance sheets. Derivative instruments in a gain position are reported as derivative assets at fair value and derivative instruments in a loss position are reported as derivative liabilities at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value of derivative instruments and periodic settlements related to our derivative instruments are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Cash receipts and payments related to derivative instruments are classified in our consolidated statements of cash flows according to the underlying nature or purpose of the derivative transaction, generally in the investing section.
The use of derivative instruments creates exposure to credit risk relating to potential losses that could be recognized if the counterparties to these instruments fail to perform their obligations under the contracts. Our derivative agreements require that we post or receive collateral to mitigate such risk. We also attempt to minimize our risk of loss by limiting our counterparties to registered central clearing exchanges and major financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings, monitoring positions with individual counterparties and adjusting posted collateral as required.
Interest rate swap agreements
We use interest rate swaps to economically hedge the variable cash flows associated with our borrowings made under repurchase agreements. Under our interest rate swap agreements, we typically pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate based

8



on one or three-month LIBOR ("payer swaps") with terms up to 20 years. The majority of our interest rate swaps are centrally cleared through a registered commodities exchange. We value centrally cleared interest rate swaps using the daily settlement price, or fair value, determined by the clearing exchange based on a pricing model that references observable market inputs, including LIBOR, swap rates and the forward yield curve. Our centrally cleared swaps require that we post an "initial margin" amount determined by the clearing exchange, which is generally intended to be set at a level sufficient to protect the exchange from the interest rate swap's maximum estimated single-day price movement. We also exchange daily settlements of "variation margin" based upon changes in fair value, as measured by the exchange. Pursuant to rules governing central clearing activities, we recognize variation margin settlements as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the interest rate swap asset or liability.
We value non-centrally cleared swaps using a combination of third-party valuations obtained from pricing services and the swap counterparty. The third-party valuations are model-driven using observable inputs, including LIBOR, swap rates and the forward yield curve. We also consider both our own and our counterparties' nonperformance risk in estimating the fair value of our interest rate swaps. In considering the effect of nonperformance risk, we assess the impact of netting and credit enhancements, such as collateral postings and guarantees, and have concluded that our own and our counterparty risk is not significant to the overall valuation of these agreements.
Interest rate swaptions
We purchase interest rate swaptions to help mitigate the potential impact of larger, more rapid changes in interest rates on the performance of our investment portfolio. Interest rate swaptions provide us the option to enter into an interest rate swap agreement for a predetermined notional amount, stated term and pay and receive interest rates in the future. Our interest rate swaption agreements are not subject to central clearing. The premium paid for interest rate swaptions is reported as an asset in our consolidated balance sheets. We estimate the fair value of interest rate swaptions using a combination of inputs from counterparty and third-party pricing models based on the fair value of the future interest rate swap that we have the option to enter into as well as the remaining length of time that we have to exercise the option, adjusted for non-performance risk, if any. The difference between the premium paid and the fair value of the swaption is reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. If a swaption expires unexercised, the realized loss on the swaption would be equal to the premium paid. If we sell or exercise a swaption, the realized gain or loss on the swaption would be equal to the difference between the cash or the fair value of the underlying interest rate swap and the premium paid.
TBA securities
A TBA security is a forward contract for the purchase or sale of Agency RMBS at a predetermined price, face amount, issuer, coupon and stated maturity on an agreed-upon future date. The specific Agency RMBS to be delivered into the contract are not known until shortly before the settlement date. We may choose, prior to settlement, to move the settlement of these securities out to a later date by entering into an offsetting TBA position, net settling the offsetting positions for cash, and simultaneously purchasing or selling a similar TBA contract for a later settlement date (together referred to as a "dollar roll transaction"). The Agency securities purchased or sold for a forward settlement date are typically priced at a discount to equivalent securities settling in the current month. This difference, or "price drop," is the economic equivalent of interest income on the underlying Agency securities, less an implied funding cost, over the forward settlement period (referred to as "dollar roll income"). Consequently, forward purchases of Agency securities and dollar roll transactions represent a form of off-balance sheet financing.
We account for TBA contracts as derivative instruments since either the TBA contracts do not settle in the shortest period of time possible or we cannot assert that it is probable at inception and throughout the term of the TBA contract that we will physically settle the contract on the settlement date. We account for TBA dollar roll transactions as a series of derivative transactions. We estimate the fair value of TBA securities based on similar methods used to value our Agency RMBS securities.
U.S. Treasury securities
We use U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts to mitigate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the performance of our portfolio. We borrow U.S. Treasury securities under reverse repurchase agreements to cover short sales of U.S. Treasury securities. We account for these as securities borrowing transactions and recognize an obligation to return the borrowed securities at fair value on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets based on the value of the underlying U.S. Treasury security as of the reporting date. Gains and losses associated with U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts are recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Loss Contingencies
We evaluate the existence of any pending or threatened litigation or other potential claims against the Company in accordance with ASC Topic 450, Contingencies, which requires that we assess the likelihood and range of potential outcomes of any such

9



matters. We are the defendant in three stockholder derivative lawsuits alleging that certain of our current and former directors and officers breached fiduciary duties and wasted corporate assets relating to past renewals of the management agreement with our former external manager and the internalization of our management on July 1, 2016. Although the outcomes of these cases cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that these cases have merit or will result in a material liability, and, as of March 31, 2019, we did not accrue a loss contingency related to these matters.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
We consider the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. ASUs not listed below were determined to be either not applicable, are not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements when adopted or did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption.
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): ASU 2016-13 changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. Allowances for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities will be recognized, rather than direct reductions in the amortized cost of the investments. The new model also requires the estimation of lifetime expected credit losses and corresponding recognition of allowance for losses on trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans, and other instruments held at amortized cost. The ASU requires certain recurring disclosures and is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning on or after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning on or after December 15, 2018. ASU 2016-13 is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 4. Investment Securities
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our investment portfolio consisted of $95.3 billion and $84.3 billion of investment securities, at fair value, respectively, and $7.0 billion and $7.3 billion of TBA securities, at fair value, respectively. Our TBA position is reported at its net carrying value of $70 million and $70 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, in derivative assets / (liabilities) on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The net carrying value of our TBA position represents the difference between the fair value of the underlying Agency security in the TBA contract and the cost basis or the forward price to be paid or received for the underlying Agency security.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our investment securities had a net unamortized premium balance of $3.0 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively.
The following tables summarize our investment securities as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, excluding TBA securities, (dollars in millions). Details of our TBA securities as of each of the respective dates are included in Note 6.
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Investment Securities
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed rate
 
$
92,374

 
$
92,502

 
$
83,047

 
$
81,753

Adjustable rate
 
199

 
201

 
212

 
213

CMO
 
555

 
555

 
588

 
583

Interest-only and principal-only strips
 
166

 
179

 
172

 
178

Multifamily
 
31

 
32

 

 

Total Agency RMBS
 
93,325

 
93,469

 
84,019

 
82,727

Non-Agency RMBS
 
313

 
319

 
264

 
266

CMBS
 
343

 
353

 
280

 
282

CRT securities
 
1,109

 
1,129

 
1,006

 
1,012

Total investment securities
 
$
95,090

 
$
95,270

 
$
85,569

 
$
84,287



10



 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Agency RMBS
 
Non-Agency
 
 
 
 
Investment Securities
 
Fannie Mae
 
Freddie Mac
 
Ginnie
Mae
 
RMBS
 
CMBS
 
CRT
 
Total
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Par value
 
$
16,709

 
$
5,493

 
$
23

 
$
6

 
$

 
$

 
$
22,231

Unamortized discount
 
(11
)
 
(2
)
 

 

 

 

 
(13
)
Unamortized premium
 
849

 
325

 

 

 

 

 
1,174

Amortized cost
 
17,547

 
5,816

 
23

 
6

 

 

 
23,392

Gross unrealized gains
 
19

 
5

 
1

 

 

 

 
25

Gross unrealized losses
 
(402
)
 
(166
)
 

 

 

 

 
(568
)
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value
 
17,164

 
5,655

 
24

 
6

 

 

 
22,849

Securities remeasured at fair value through earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Par value
 
42,546

 
25,501

 

 
317

 
409

 
1,087

 
69,860

Unamortized discount
 
(74
)
 
(6
)
 

 
(11
)
 
(70
)
 
(13
)
 
(174
)
Unamortized premium
 
1,138

 
834

 

 

 
5

 
35

 
2,012

Amortized cost
 
43,610

 
26,329

 

 
306

 
344

 
1,109

 
71,698

Gross unrealized gains
 
620

 
340

 

 
7

 
10

 
22

 
999

Gross unrealized losses
 
(172
)
 
(101
)
 

 

 
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
(276
)
Total securities remeasured at fair value through earnings
 
44,058

 
26,568

 

 
313

 
353

 
1,129

 
72,421

Total securities, at fair value
 
$
61,222

 
$
32,223

 
$
24

 
$
319

 
$
353

 
$
1,129

 
$
95,270

Weighted average coupon as of March 31, 2019
 
3.83
%
 
3.92
%
 
3.72
%
 
3.86
%
 
4.65
%
 
5.69
%
 
3.88
%
Weighted average yield as of March 31, 2019 1
 
3.24
%
 
3.30
%
 
2.06
%
 
4.22
%
 
4.61
%
 
4.75
%
 
3.29
%

 ________________________________
1.
Incorporates a weighted average future constant prepayment rate assumption of 10.5% based on forward rates as of March 31, 2019.

 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Agency RMBS
 
Non-Agency
 
 
 
 
Investment Securities
 
Fannie 
Mae
 
Freddie Mac
 
Ginnie 
Mae
 
RMBS
 
CMBS
 
CRT
 
Total
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Par value
 
$
17,591

 
$
5,673

 
$
25

 
$
6

 
$

 
$

 
$
23,295

Unamortized discount
 
(10
)
 
(2
)
 

 

 

 

 
(12
)
Unamortized premium
 
912

 
343

 

 

 

 

 
1,255

Amortized cost
 
18,493

 
6,014

 
25

 
6

 

 

 
24,538

Gross unrealized gains
 
4

 
2

 
1

 

 

 

 
7

Gross unrealized losses
 
(686
)
 
(264
)
 

 

 

 

 
(950
)
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value
 
17,811

 
5,752

 
26

 
6

 

 

 
23,595

Securities remeasured at fair value through earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Par value
 
39,453

 
18,428

 

 
268

 
281

 
968

 
59,398

Unamortized discount
 
(78
)
 
(9
)
 

 
(10
)
 
(6
)
 

 
(103
)
Unamortized premium
 
1,055

 
638

 

 

 
5

 
38

 
1,736

Amortized cost
 
40,430

 
19,057

 

 
258

 
280

 
1,006

 
61,031

Gross unrealized gains
 
223

 
57

 

 
2

 
3

 
18

 
303

Gross unrealized losses
 
(386
)
 
(243
)
 

 

 
(1
)
 
(12
)
 
(642
)
Total securities remeasured at fair value through earnings
 
40,267

 
18,871

 

 
260

 
282

 
1,012

 
60,692

Total securities, at fair value
 
$
58,078

 
$
24,623

 
$
26

 
$
266

 
$
282

 
$
1,012

 
$
84,287

Weighted average coupon as of December 31, 2018
 
3.82
%
 
3.87
%
 
3.37
%
 
3.83
%
 
4.58
%
 
5.86
%
 
3.86
%
Weighted average yield as of December 31, 2018 1
 
3.28
%
 
3.28
%
 
2.04
%
 
4.22
%
 
4.68
%
 
5.16
%
 
3.31
%

 ________________________________
1.
Incorporates a weighted average future constant prepayment rate assumption of 7.9% based on forward rates as of December 31, 2018.

11



As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our investments in CRT and non-Agency securities had the following credit ratings:
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
CRT and Non-Agency Security Credit Ratings 1
 
CRT
 
RMBS
 
CMBS
 
CRT
 
RMBS
 
CMBS
AAA
 
$

 
$
156

 
$
62

 
$

 
$
160

 
$
52

AA
 

 
42

 
190

 

 
17

 
152

A
 
17

 
45

 
33

 
17

 
33

 
15

BBB
 
54

 
63

 
58

 
25

 
43

 
53

BB
 
412

 
8

 
10

 
492

 
8

 
10

B
 
600

 
2

 

 
453

 
2

 

Not Rated
 
46

 
3

 

 
25

 
3

 

Total
 
$
1,129

 
$
319

 
$
353

 
$
1,012

 
$
266

 
$
282

 ________________________________
1.
Represents the lowest of Standard and Poor's ("S&P"), Moody's, Fitch, DBRS, Kroll Bond Rating Agency ("KBRA") and Morningstar credit ratings, stated in terms of the S&P equivalent rating as of each date.
Our CRT securities reference the performance of loans underlying Agency RMBS issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, which were subject to their underwriting standards. As of March 31, 2019, our CRT securities had floating and fixed rate coupons ranging from 3.0% to 8.8%, referenced to loans originated between 2011 and 2018 with weighted average coupons ranging from 3.7% to 4.9%. As of December 31, 2018, our CRT securities had floating rate coupons ranging from 3.9% to 9.5%, referenced to loans originated between 2011 and 2018 with weighted average coupons ranging from 3.8% to 4.8%.
The actual maturities of our investment securities are generally shorter than their stated contractual maturities. The actual maturities of our Agency and high credit quality non-Agency RMBS are primarily affected by principal prepayments and to a lesser degree the contractual lives of the underlying mortgages and periodic contractual principal repayments. The actual maturities of our credit-oriented investments are primarily impacted by their contractual lives and default and loss recovery rates. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the weighted average expected constant prepayment rate ("CPR") over the remaining life of our Agency and high credit quality non-Agency RMBS investment portfolio was 10.5% and 7.9%, respectively. Our estimates can differ materially for different securities and thus our individual holdings have a wide range of projected CPRs. The following table summarizes our investments as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 according to their estimated weighted average life classification (dollars in millions):

 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Estimated Weighted Average Life of Investment Securities
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Weighted
Average
Coupon
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Weighted
Average
Coupon
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
≥ 1 year and ≤ 3 years
 
$
2,452

 
$
2,461

 
3.94%
 
2.83%
 
$
1,690

 
$
1,716

 
3.99%
 
2.64%
> 3 years and ≤ 5 years
 
18,438

 
18,225

 
3.85%
 
3.35%
 
5,518

 
5,586

 
3.35%
 
2.73%
> 5 years and ≤10 years
 
74,329

 
74,354

 
3.89%
 
3.29%
 
72,503

 
73,588

 
3.92%
 
3.37%
> 10 years
 
51

 
50

 
3.78%
 
4.12%
 
4,576

 
4,679

 
3.57%
 
3.30%
Total
 
$
95,270

 
$
95,090

 
3.88%
 
3.29%
 
$
84,287

 
$
85,569

 
3.86%
 
3.31%

The following table presents the gross unrealized loss and fair values of securities classified as available-for-sale by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):
 
 
Unrealized Loss Position For
 
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
Securities Classified as Available-for-Sale
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
 

Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
March 31, 2019
 
$
108

 
$
(1
)
 
$
20,119

 
$
(567
)
 
$
20,227

 
$
(568
)
December 31, 2018
 
$
4,783

 
$
(72
)
 
$
18,231

 
$
(878
)
 
$
23,014

 
$
(950
)
We did not recognize OTTI charges on our investment securities during the periods presented on our consolidated statements of operations. As of the end of each respective reporting period, a decision had not been made to sell securities in an unrealized loss position and we did not believe it was more likely than not that we would be required to sell such securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. The unrealized losses on our securities were not due to credit losses given the GSE or U.S. Government

12



agency guarantees, but rather were due to changes in interest rates and prepayment expectations. However, as we continue to actively manage our portfolio, we may recognize additional realized losses on our investment securities upon selecting specific securities to sell.
Gains and Losses on Sale of Investment Securities
The following table is a summary of our net gain (loss) from the sale of investment securities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 by investment classification of accounting (in millions):
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Investment Securities
 
Available-for-Sale
Securities 2
 
Fair Value Option Securities
 
Total
 
Available-for-Sale
Securities 2
 
Fair Value Option Securities
 
Total
Investment securities sold, at cost
 
$
(339
)
 
$
(4,562
)
 
$
(4,901
)
 
$
(387
)
 
$
(1,003
)
 
$
(1,390
)
Proceeds from investment securities sold 1
 
335

 
4,626

 
4,961

 
388

 
1,000

 
1,388

Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities
 
$
(4
)
 
$
64

 
$
60

 
$
1

 
$
(3
)
 
$
(2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross gain on sale of investment securities
 
$

 
$
66

 
$
66

 
$
3

 
$
7

 
$
10

Gross loss on sale of investment securities
 
(4
)
 
(2
)
 
(6
)
 
(2
)
 
(10
)
 
(12
)
Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities
 
$
(4
)
 
$
64

 
$
60

 
$
1

 
$
(3
)
 
$
(2
)
  ________________________________
1.
Proceeds include cash received during the period, plus receivable for investment securities sold during the period as of period end.
2.
See Note 10 for a summary of changes in accumulated OCI.  
Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our consolidated financial statements reflect the consolidation of certain variable interest entities ("VIEs") for which we have determined we are the primary beneficiary. The consolidated VIEs consist of CMO trusts backed by fixed or adjustable-rate Agency RMBS. Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac guarantees the payment of interest and principal and acts as the trustee and administrator of their respective securitization trusts. Accordingly, we are not required to provide the beneficial interest holders of the CMO securities any financial or other support. Our maximum exposure to loss related to our involvement with the CMO trusts is the fair value of the CMO securities and interest and principal-only securities held by us, less principal amounts guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

Note 5. Repurchase Agreements and Other Debt
Repurchase Agreements
We pledge our securities as collateral under our borrowings structured as repurchase agreements with financial institutions. Interest rates on our borrowings are generally based on LIBOR plus or minus a margin and amounts available to be borrowed are dependent upon the fair value of the securities pledged as collateral, which fluctuates with changes in interest rates, type of security and liquidity conditions within the banking, mortgage finance and real estate industries. If the fair value of our pledged securities declines, lenders will typically require us to post additional collateral or pay down borrowings to re-establish agreed upon collateral requirements, referred to as "margin calls." Similarly, if the fair value of our pledged securities increases, lenders may release collateral back to us. As of March 31, 2019, we had met all margin call requirements. For additional information regarding our pledged assets, please refer to Note 7.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had $86.7 billion and $75.7 billion, respectively, of repurchase agreements outstanding used to fund our investment portfolio and temporary holdings of U.S. Treasury securities. The terms and conditions of our repurchase agreements are typically negotiated on a transaction-by-transaction basis. Our repurchase agreements with original maturities greater than one year have floating interest rates based on an index plus or minus a fixed spread. The following table summarizes our borrowings under repurchase agreements by their remaining maturities as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (dollars in millions):

13



 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Remaining Maturity
 
Repurchase Agreements
 
Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
 
Weighted
Average Days
to Maturity
 
Repurchase Agreements
 
Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
 
Weighted
Average Days
to Maturity
Agency repo:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
≤ 1 month
 
$
44,624

 
2.94
%
 
8

 
$
48,533

 
2.88
%
 
9

> 1 to ≤ 3 months
 
26,690

 
2.66
%
 
65

 
20,991

 
2.57
%
 
56

> 3 to ≤ 6 months
 
2,181

 
2.67
%
 
125

 
2,218

 
2.65
%
 
167

> 6 to ≤ 9 months
 
2,450

 
2.68
%
 
204

 
200

 
3.19
%
 
208

> 9 to ≤ 12 months
 
7,554

 
2.75
%
 
288

 
950

 
2.80
%
 
279

> 12 to ≤ 24 months
 
1,825

 
2.97
%
 
516

 
2,200

 
2.91
%
 
438

> 24 to ≤ 36 months
 
1,000

 
2.67
%
 
1,044

 
625

 
3.11
%
 
776

  Total Agency repo
 
86,324

 
2.82
%
 
81

 
75,717

 
2.79
%
 
49

U.S. Treasury repo:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
> 1 day to ≤ 1 month
 
361

 
2.91
%
 
1

 

 
%
 

Total
 
$
86,685

 
2.82
%
 
81

 
$
75,717

 
2.79
%
 
49


As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $18.7 billion and $19.5 billion, respectively, of our repurchase agreements had a remaining maturity of one business day and none of our repurchase agreements were due on demand. As of March 31, 2019, we had $10.7 billion of forward commitments to enter into repurchase agreements, with a weighted average forward start date of 85 days and a weighted average interest rate of 2.55%. As of December 31, 2018 we had $10.7 billion of forward commitments to enter into repurchase agreements, with a weighted average forward start date of 9 days and a weighted average interest rate of 2.90%. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 41% and 35%, respectively, of our repurchase agreement funding was sourced through our wholly-owned captive broker-dealer subsidiary, Bethesda Securities, LLC ("BES"). Amounts sourced through BES include funding from the General Collateral Finance Repo service ("GCF Repo") offered by the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation ("FICC"), which totaled 40% and 33% of our repurchase agreement funding outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had $20.4 billion and $21.8 billion, respectively, of reverse repurchase agreements outstanding used primarily to borrow securities to cover short sales of U.S. Treasury securities, for which we had associated obligations to return borrowed securities at fair value of $19.3 billion and $21.4 billion, respectively. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $5.6 billion and $4.5 billion, respectively, of our reverse repurchase agreements were with the FICC sourced through BES.
Other Debt
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had debt of consolidated VIEs, at fair value, of $266 million and $275 million, respectively, which had a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR plus 41 and 40 basis points, respectively, and an estimated weighted average life of 5.9 years and 6.1 years, respectively.

Note 6. Derivative and Other Hedging Instruments
We hedge a portion of our interest rate risk primarily utilizing interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts. We utilize TBA securities primarily as a means of investing in the Agency securities market. For additional information regarding our derivative instruments and our overall risk management strategy, please refer to the discussion of derivative and other hedging instruments in Note 3.

14



Derivative and Other Hedging Instrument Assets (Liabilities), at Fair Value
The table below summarizes fair value information about our derivative and other hedging instrument assets/(liabilities) as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):
Derivative and Other Hedging Instruments
 
Balance Sheet Location
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Interest rate swaps
 
Derivative assets, at fair value
 
$
151

 
$
126

Swaptions
 
Derivative assets, at fair value
 
11

 
37

TBA securities
 
Derivative assets, at fair value
 
91

 
110

Total derivative assets, at fair value
 
 
 
$
253

 
$
273

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 
Derivative liabilities, at fair value
 
$
(1
)
 
$

TBA securities
 
Derivative liabilities, at fair value
 
(21
)
 
(40
)
U.S. Treasury futures - short
 
Derivative liabilities, at fair value
 
(31
)
 
(44
)
Total derivative liabilities, at fair value
 
 
 
$
(53
)
 
$
(84
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities - long
 
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value
 
$
121

 
$
46

U.S. Treasury securities - short
 
Obligation to return securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements, at fair value
 
(19,275
)
 
(21,431
)
Total U.S. Treasury securities, net at fair value
 
 
 
$
(19,154
)
 
$
(21,385
)


The following tables summarize certain characteristics of our derivative and other hedging instruments outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (dollars in millions):
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Interest Rate Swaps
 
Notional
Amount
1
 
Average
Fixed Pay 
Rate 2
 
Average
Receive
Rate
 
Average
Maturity
(Years)
 
Notional
Amount
1
 
Average
Fixed Pay 
Rate 2
 
Average
Receive
Rate
 
Average
Maturity
(Years)
≤ 3 years
 
$
20,900

 
1.71%
 
2.69%
 
1.2
 
$
19,900

 
1.63%
 
2.62%
 
1.3
> 3 to ≤ 5 years
 
9,425

 
2.11%
 
2.69%
 
3.7
 
8,425

 
2.06%
 
2.61%
 
4.0
> 5 to ≤ 7 years
 
6,225

 
2.38%
 
2.67%
 
5.8
 
7,875

 
2.66%
 
2.66%
 
6.1
> 7 to ≤ 10 years
 
9,700

 
2.30%
 
2.68%
 
8.6
 
10,550

 
2.36%
 
2.64%
 
8.8
> 10 years
 
1,925

 
2.30%
 
2.69%
 
13.2
 
4,875

 
2.77%
 
2.63%
 
11.6
Total
 
$
48,175

 
2.01%
 
2.69%
 
4.3
 
$
51,625

 
2.11%
 
2.63%
 
5.0

________________________________
1.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, notional amount includes forward starting swaps of $4.0 billion and $5.7 billion, respectively, with an average forward start date of 0.2 and 0.5 years, respectively.
2.
Average fixed pay rate includes forward starting swaps. Excluding forward starting swaps, the average fixed pay rate was 1.96% and 1.98% as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

15



Swaptions
 
Option
 
Underlying Payer Swap
Current Option Expiration Date
 
Cost Basis
 
Fair Value
 
Average
Months to Current Option
Expiration Date 1
 
Notional
Amount
 
Average Fixed Pay
Rate
 
Average
Receive
Rate
(LIBOR)
 
Average
Term
(Years)
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
≤ 1 year
 
$
71

 
$
5

 
4
 
$
2,050

 
2.98%
 
3M
 
7.0
> 1 year ≤ 2 years
 
18

 
6

 
15
 
500

 
2.78%
 
3M
 
10.0
Total
 
$
89

 
$
11

 
7
 
$
2,550

 
2.94%
 
3M
 
7.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
≤ 1 year
 
$
80

 
$
23

 
4
 
$
3,000

 
2.96%
 
3M
 
7.0
> 1 year ≤ 2 years
 
18

 
14

 
18
 
500

 
2.78%
 
3M
 
10.0
Total
 
$
98

 
$
37

 
6
 
$
3,500

 
2.93%
 
3M
 
7.4

________________________________
1.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, ≤ 1 year notional amount includes $700 million of Bermudan swaptions where the options may be exercised on predetermined dates up to their final exercise date, which is six months prior to the underlying swaps' maturity date.
U.S. Treasury Securities
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Maturity
 
Face Amount (Short)
 
Cost Basis 1
 
Fair Value
 
Face Amount (Short)
 
Cost Basis 1
 
Fair Value
5 years
 
$
120

 
$
120

 
$
121

 
$
(703
)
 
$
(706
)
 
$
(713
)
7 years
 
(12,990
)
 
(12,976
)
 
(13,285
)
 
(14,357
)
 
(14,325
)
 
(14,410
)
10 years
 
(5,745
)
 
(5,810
)
 
(5,990
)
 
(6,240
)
 
(6,224
)
 
(6,262
)
Total U.S. Treasury securities
 
$
(18,615
)
 
$
(18,666
)
 
$
(19,154
)
 
$
(21,300
)
 
$
(21,255
)
 
$
(21,385
)

________________________________
1.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, U.S. Treasury securities had a weighted average yield of 2.66%.
 U.S. Treasury Futures
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Maturity
 
Notional 
Amount - Long (Short)
 
Cost
Basis
 
Fair
Value
 
Net Carrying Value 1
 
Notional 
Amount - Long (Short)
 
Cost
Basis
 
Fair
Value
 
Net Carrying Value 1
10 years
 
$
(1,650
)
 
$
(2,019
)
 
$
(2,050
)
 
$
(31
)
 
$
(1,650
)
 
$
(1,969
)
 
$
(2,013
)
 
$
(44
)

________________________________
1.
Net carrying value represents the difference between the fair market value and the cost basis (or the forward price to be paid/(received) for the underlying U.S. Treasury security) of the U.S. Treasury futures contract as of period-end and is reported in derivative assets/(liabilities), at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets.
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
TBA Securities by Coupon
 
Notional 
Amount - Long (Short)
 
Cost
Basis
 
Fair
Value
 
Net Carrying Value 1
 
Notional 
Amount - Long (Short)
 
Cost
Basis
 
Fair
Value
 
Net Carrying Value 1
15-Year TBA securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.0%
 
$
327

 
$
328

 
$
329

 
$
1

 
$
567

 
$
557

 
$
566

 
$
9

3.5%
 
1,969

 
1,996

 
2,013

 
17

 
1,706

 
1,708

 
1,726

 
18

4.0%
 
1,083

 
1,108

 
1,115

 
7

 
1,350

 
1,370

 
1,381

 
11

Total 15-Year TBA securities
 
3,379

 
3,432

 
3,457

 
25

 
3,623

 
3,635

 
3,673

 
38

30-Year TBA securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.0%
 
903

 
886

 
899

 
13

 
1,028

 
981

 
1,003

 
22

3.5%
 
3,084

 
3,095

 
3,125

 
30

 
(2,979
)
 
(2,943
)
 
(2,977
)
 
(34
)
4.0%
 
(3,148
)
 
(3,222
)
 
(3,238
)
 
(16
)
 
3,030

 
3,073

 
3,089

 
16

≥ 4.5%
 
2,604

 
2,694

 
2,712

 
18

 
2,450

 
2,506

 
2,534

 
28

Total 30-Year TBA securities, net
 
3,443

 
3,453

 
3,498

 
45

 
3,529

 
3,617

 
3,649

 
32

Total TBA securities, net
 
$
6,822

 
$
6,885

 
$
6,955

 
$
70

 
$
7,152

 
$
7,252

 
$
7,322

 
$
70


________________________________

16



1.
Net carrying value represents the difference between the fair market value and the cost basis (or the forward price to be paid/(received) for the underlying Agency security) of the TBA contract as of period-end and is reported in derivative assets/(liabilities), at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets.

Gain (Loss) From Derivative Instruments and Other Securities, Net
The following table summarizes changes in our derivative and other hedge portfolio and their effect on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):
Derivative and Other Hedging Instruments
 
Beginning
Notional Amount
 
Additions
 
Settlement, Termination,
Expiration or
Exercise
 
Ending
Notional Amount
 
 
Gain/(Loss)
on Derivative Instruments and Other Securities, Net 1
Three months ended March 31, 2019:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TBA securities, net
 
$
7,152

 
18,442

 
(18,772
)
 
$
6,822

 
 
$
83

Interest rate swaps
 
$
51,625

 
5,350

 
(8,800
)
 
$
48,175

 
 
(596
)
Payer swaptions
 
$
3,500

 

 
(950
)
 
$
2,550

 
 
(27
)
U.S. Treasury securities - short position
 
$
(21,345
)
 
(4,770
)
 
7,380

 
$
(18,735
)
 
 
(425
)
U.S. Treasury securities - long position
 
$
45

 
405

 
(330
)
 
$
120

 
 

U.S. Treasury futures contracts - short position
 
$
(1,650
)
 
(1,650
)
 
1,650

 
$
(1,650
)
 
 
(31
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(996
)
Three months ended March 31, 2018:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TBA securities, net
 
$
15,474

 
43,669

 
(45,507
)
 
$
13,636

 
 
$
(292
)
Interest rate swaps
 
$
43,700

 
3,150

 
(1,600
)
 
$
45,250

 
 
663

Payer swaptions
 
$
6,650

 
1,100

 
(1,000
)
 
$
6,750

 
 
91

U.S. Treasury securities - short position
 
$
(10,699
)
 
(662
)
 
563

 
$
(10,798
)
 
 
212

U.S. Treasury securities - long position
 
$

 
959

 
(734
)
 
$
225

 
 

U.S. Treasury futures contracts - short position
 
$
(2,910
)
 
(2,909
)
 
3,439

 
$
(2,380
)
 
 
62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
736

________________________________
1.
Amounts exclude other miscellaneous gains and losses recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Note 7. Pledged Assets
Our funding agreements require us to fully collateralize our obligations under the agreements based upon our counterparties' collateral requirements and their determination of the fair value of the securities pledged as collateral, which fluctuates with changes in interest rates, credit quality and liquidity conditions within the investment banking, mortgage finance and real estate industries. Our derivative contracts similarly require us to fully collateralize our obligations under such agreements, which will vary over time based on similar factors as well as our counterparties' determination of the value of the derivative contract. We are typically required to post initial margin upon execution of derivative transactions, such as under our interest rate swap agreements and TBA contracts, and subsequently post or receive variation margin based on daily fluctuations in fair value. Our prime brokerage agreements, pursuant to which we receive custody and settlement services, and the clearing organizations utilized by our wholly-owned captive broker-dealer subsidiary, Bethesda Securities, LLC, also require that we post minimum daily clearing deposits. If we breach our collateral requirements, we will be required to fully settle our obligations under the agreements, which could include a forced liquidation of our pledged collateral.
Our counterparties also apply a "haircut" to our pledged collateral, which means our collateral is valued at slightly less than market value and limits the amount we can borrow against our securities. This haircut reflects the underlying risk of the specific collateral and protects our counterparty against a change in its value. Our agreements do not specify the haircut; rather haircuts are determined on an individual transaction basis. Consequently, our funding agreements and derivative contracts expose us to credit risk relating to potential losses that could be recognized if our counterparties fail to perform their obligations under such agreements. We minimize this risk by limiting our counterparties to major financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings or to registered clearinghouses and U.S. government agencies, and we monitor our positions with individual counterparties. In the event of a default by a counterparty, we may have difficulty obtaining our assets pledged as collateral to such counterparty and may not receive payments provided for under the terms of our derivative agreements. In the case of centrally cleared instruments, we could be exposed to credit risk if the central clearing agency or a clearing member defaults on its respective obligation to perform under the contract. However, we believe that the risk is minimal due to the clearing exchanges' initial and daily mark-to-market margin requirements, clearinghouse guarantee funds and other resources that are available in the event of a clearing

17



member default. As of March 31, 2019, our maximum amount at risk with any counterparty other than the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation related to our repurchase agreements was less than 4% of our tangible stockholders' equity. As of March 31, 2019, approximately 7% of our tangible stockholder's equity was at risk with the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation. Equity at risk is defined as the net carrying value of securities pledged under repurchase agreements, including accrued interest plus any cash or assets on deposit to secure the repurchase obligation, less the amount of the repurchase liability, including accrued interest.
Our International Swaps and Derivatives Association ("ISDA") Master Agreements contain a cross default provision under which a default under the terms of certain of our other indebtedness in excess of certain thresholds causes an event of default under the ISDA Master Agreement. Threshold amounts vary by lender. Following an event of default, we could be required to settle our obligations under the agreements. Additionally, under certain of our ISDA Master Agreements, we could be required to settle our obligations under the agreements if we fail to maintain certain minimum stockholders' equity thresholds or our REIT status or if we fail to comply with limits on our leverage up to certain specified levels. As of March 31, 2019, the fair value of additional collateral that could be required to be posted as a result of the credit-risk-related contingent features being triggered was not material to our financial statements.
Assets Pledged to Counterparties
The following tables summarize our assets pledged as collateral under our funding, derivative and prime broker agreements by type, including securities pledged related to securities sold but not yet settled, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):
 
 
March 31, 2019
Assets Pledged to Counterparties 1
 
Repurchase Agreements 2
 
Debt of Consolidated VIEs
 
Derivative Agreements
 
Prime Broker Agreements 3
 
Total
Agency RMBS - fair value
 
$
89,779

 
$
425

 
$
174

 
$
118

 
$
90,496

CRT - fair value
 
142

 

 

 

 
142

Non-Agency - fair value
 
45

 

 

 

 
45

U.S. Treasury securities - fair value
 
617

 

 

 

 
617

Accrued interest on pledged securities
 
278

 
1

 
1

 

 
280

Restricted cash and cash equivalents
 
75

 

 
442

 

 
517

Total
 
$
90,936

 
$
426

 
$
617

 
$
118

 
$
92,097


 
 
December 31, 2018
Assets Pledged to Counterparties 1
 
Repurchase Agreements 2
 
Debt of Consolidated VIEs
 
Derivative Agreements
 
Prime Broker Agreements 3
 
Total
Agency RMBS - fair value
 
$
78,997

 
$
436

 
$
174

 
$
133

 
$
79,740

CRT - fair value
 
141

 

 

 

 
141

Non-Agency - fair value
 
45

 

 

 

 
45

U.S. Treasury securities - fair value
 
437

 

 

 

 
437

Accrued interest on pledged securities
 
246

 
1

 
1

 

 
248

Restricted cash and cash equivalents
 
77

 

 
522
 

 
599

Total
 
$
79,943

 
$
437

 
$
697

 
$
133

 
$
81,210


________________________________
1.
Includes repledged assets received as collateral from counterparties.
2.
Includes $161 million and $163 million of retained interests in our consolidated VIEs pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
3.
Includes margin for TBAs cleared through prime brokers and other clearing deposits.
Securities transferred to our consolidated VIEs can only be used to settle the obligations of each respective VIE. However, we may pledge our retained interests in our consolidated VIEs as collateral under our repurchase agreements and derivative contracts. Please refer to Note 4 for additional information regarding our consolidated VIEs.
The following table summarizes our securities pledged as collateral under our repurchase agreements by the remaining maturity of our borrowings, including securities pledged related to sold but not yet settled securities, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions). For the corresponding borrowings associated with the following amounts and the interest rates thereon, refer to Note 5.

18



 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Securities Pledged by Remaining Maturity of Repurchase Agreements 1,2
 
Fair Value of Pledged Securities
 
Amortized
Cost of Pledged Securities
 
Accrued
Interest on
Pledged
Securities
 
Fair Value of Pledged Securities
 
Amortized
Cost of Pledged Securities
 
Accrued
Interest on
Pledged
Securities
  ≤ 30 days
 
$
45,947

 
$
45,673

 
$
143

 
$
49,944

 
$
50,654

 
$
156

  > 30 and ≤ 60 days
 
10,792

 
10,758

 
34

 
14,586

 
14,810

 
46

  > 60 and ≤ 90 days
 
17,282

 
17,267

 
53

 
7,770

 
7,843

 
24

  > 90 days
 
15,945

 
16,108

 
48

 
6,882

 
7,079

 
21

Total
 
$
89,966

 
$
89,806

 
$
278

 
$
79,182

 
$
80,386

 
$
247

________________________________
1.
Includes $161 million and $163 million of retained interests in our consolidated VIEs pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
2.
Excludes $496 million and $437 million of repledged U.S. Treasury securities received as collateral from counterparties as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, repsectively.
Assets Pledged from Counterparties
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had assets pledged to us from counterparties as collateral under our reverse repurchase and derivative agreements summarized in the tables below (in millions).
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Assets Pledged to AGNC 1
 
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
 
Derivative Agreements
 
Repurchase Agreements
 
Total
 
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
 
Derivative Agreements
 
Repurchase Agreements
 
Total
U.S. Treasury securities - fair value
 
$
20,400

 
$
10

 
$
30

 
$
20,440

 
$
21,876

 
$
35

 
$
37

 
$
21,948

Cash
 

 
49

 

 
49

 

 
129

 

 
129

Total
 
$
20,400

 
$
59

 
$
30

 
$
20,489

 
$
21,876

 
$
164

 
$
37

 
$
22,077

________________________________
1.
Includes $496 million and $437 million of repledged U.S. Treasury securities received as collateral from counterparties as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
U.S Treasury securities received as collateral under our reverse repurchase agreements for which we use to cover short sales of U.S. Treasury securities are accounted for as securities borrowing transactions. We recognize a corresponding obligation to return the borrowed securities at fair value on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets based on the value of the underlying borrowed securities as of the reporting date.
Cash collateral received is recognized in cash and cash equivalents with a corresponding amount recognized in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
Certain of our repurchase agreements and derivative transactions are governed by underlying agreements that generally provide for a right of setoff under master netting arrangements (or similar agreements), including in the event of default or in the event of bankruptcy of either party to the transactions. We present our assets and liabilities subject to such arrangements on a gross basis in our consolidated balance sheets. The following tables present information about our assets and liabilities that are subject to master netting arrangements and can potentially be offset on our consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):

19



 
 
Offsetting of Financial and Derivative Assets
 
 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset
 in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amount
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Instruments
 
Collateral Received 2
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap and swaption agreements, at fair value 1
 
$
162

 
$

 
$
162

 
$
(1
)
 
$
(59
)
 
$
102

TBA securities, at fair value
 
91

 

 
91

 
(21
)
 

 
70

Receivable under reverse repurchase agreements
 
20,430

 

 
20,430

 
(17,353
)
 
(3,072
)
 
5

Total
 
$
20,683

 
$

 
$
20,683

 
$
(17,375
)
 
$
(3,131
)
 
$
177

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap and swaption agreements, at fair value 1
 
$
163

 
$

 
$
163

 
$

 
$
(158
)
 
$
5

TBA securities, at fair value
 
110

 

 
110

 
(40
)
 

 
70

Receivable under reverse repurchase agreements
 
21,813

 

 
21,813

 
(17,236
)
 
(4,575
)
 
2

Total
 
$
22,086

 
$

 
$
22,086

 
$
(17,276
)
 
$
(4,733
)
 
$
77


 
 
Offsetting of Financial and Derivative Liabilities
 
 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset
 in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amount
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Instruments
 
Collateral Pledged 2
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap agreements, at fair value 1
 
$
1

 
$

 
$
1

 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$

TBA securities, at fair value
 
21

 

 
21

 
(21
)
 

 

Repurchase agreements
 
86,685

 

 
86,685

 
(17,353
)
 
(69,332
)
 

Total
 
$
86,707

 
$

 
$
86,707

 
$
(17,375
)
 
$
(69,332
)
 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap agreements, at fair value 1
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

TBA securities, at fair value
 
40

 

 
40

 
(40
)
 

 

Repurchase agreements
 
75,717

 

 
75,717

 
(17,236
)
 
(58,481
)
 

Total
 
$
75,757

 
$

 
$
75,757

 
$
(17,276
)
 
$
(58,481
)
 
$

________________________________
1.
Reported under derivative assets / liabilities, at fair value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 6 for a reconciliation of derivative assets / liabilities, at fair value to their sub-components.
2.
Includes cash and securities pledged / received as collateral, at fair value. Amounts include repledged collateral. Amounts presented are limited to collateral pledged sufficient to reduce the net amount to zero for individual counterparties, as applicable.

Note 8. Fair Value Measurements
We determine the fair value of our financial instruments based on our estimate of the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We typically obtain price estimates from multiple third-party pricing services and dealers or, if applicable, the clearing exchange (see Note 3 for further details.) We utilize a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. A financial instrument's categorization within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:
Level 1 Inputs —Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical unrestricted assets and liabilities in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date.

20



Level 2 Inputs —Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
Level 3 Inputs —Instruments with primarily unobservable market data that cannot be corroborated.
The availability of observable inputs can vary by instrument and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is new and not yet established in the marketplace and other characteristics particular to the instrument.  Third-party pricing sources may also use certain unobservable inputs, such as assumptions of future levels of prepayment, defaults and loss severities, especially when estimating fair values for securities with lower levels of recent trading activity.
We make inquiries of third-party pricing sources to understand the significant inputs and assumptions they used to determine their prices. We also review third-party price estimates and perform procedures to validate their reasonableness, including an analysis of the range of estimates for each position, comparison to recent trade activity for similar securities, and for consistency with market conditions observed as of the measurement date. While we do not adjust prices we obtain from pricing sources, we will exclude prices for securities from our estimation of fair value if we determine (based on our validation procedures and our market knowledge and expertise) that the price is significantly different from what observable market data would indicate and we cannot obtain an understanding from the third-party source as to the significant inputs used to determine the price.  
The validation procedures described above also influence our determination of the appropriate fair value measurement categorization. The following table provides a summary of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 based on their categorization within the valuation hierarchy (in millions). There were no transfers between valuation hierarchy levels during the periods presented.
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency securities
 
$

 
$
93,044

 
$

 
$

 
$
82,291

 
$

Agency securities transferred to consolidated VIEs
 

 
425

 

 

 
436

 

Credit risk transfer securities
 

 
1,129

 

 

 
1,012

 

Non-Agency securities
 

 
672

 

 

 
548

 

U.S. Treasury securities
 
121

 

 

 
46

 

 

Interest rate swaps
 

 
151

 

 

 
126

 

Swaptions
 

 
11

 

 

 
37

 

TBA securities
 

 
91

 

 

 
110

 

Total
 
$
121

 
$
95,523

 
$

 
$
46

 
$
84,560

 
$

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt of consolidated VIEs
 
$

 
$
266

 
$

 
$

 
$
275

 
$

Obligation to return U.S. Treasury securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements
 
19,275

 

 

 
21,431

 

 

Interest rate swaps
 

 
1

 

 

 

 

TBA securities
 

 
21

 

 

 
40

 

U.S. Treasury futures
 
31

 

 

 
44

 

 

Total
 
$
19,306


$
288


$

 
$
21,475

 
$
315

 
$


Excluded from the table above are financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables and borrowings under repurchase agreements, which are presented in our consolidated financial statements at cost. The cost basis of these instruments is determined to approximate fair value due to their short duration or, in the case of longer-term repo, due to floating rates of interest based on an index plus or minus a fixed spread which is consistent with fixed spreads demanded in the market. We estimate the fair value of these instruments using "Level 1" or "Level 2" inputs.


21



Note 9. Net Income Per Common Share

Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income applicable to common stock by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and the weighted-average number of vested but not yet issued restricted stock units and performance share units outstanding for the respective period. Diluted earnings per common share includes the impact of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential common shares outstanding include unvested restricted stock units and performance share units granted under our long-term incentive program to employees and non-employee Board of Directors. The following table presents the computations of basic and diluted net income per common share for the periods indicated (shares and dollars in millions):
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding
 
536.3

 
391.3

Weighted average number of fully vested restricted stock units and performance share units outstanding
 
0.4

 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic
 
536.7

 
391.3

Weighted average number of dilutive unvested restricted stock units and performance share units outstanding
 
0.5

 
0.2

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted
 
537.2

 
391.5
Net income available to common stockholders
 
$
255

 
$
415

Net income per common share - basic
 
$
0.48

 
$
1.06

Net income per common share - diluted
 
$
0.47

 
$
1.06



Note 10. Stockholders' Equity  
Preferred Stock
We are authorized to designate and issue up to 10.0 million shares of preferred stock in one or more classes or series. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 8,050 shares were designated as 7.750% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock ("Series B Preferred Stock") and 13,800 shares were designated as 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock ("Series C Preferred Stock"). During March 2019, we designated an additional 9,400 shares as 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock ("Series D Preferred Stock"). Each share of Series B, C, and D Preferred Stock is represented by 1,000 depositary shares.
Our preferred stock ranks senior to our common stock with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. Our preferred stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and ranks on parity with each other. Under certain circumstances upon a change of control, our preferred stock is convertible to shares of our common stock. Holders of our preferred stock and depository shares underlying our preferred stock have no voting rights, except under limited conditions. Beginning on each series' optional redemption date, such shares will be redeemable at $25.00 per depositary share, plus accumulated and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared), exclusively at our option.
The following is a summary of our preferred stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 (dollars and shares in millions):
Preferred Stock
 
Issuance
Date
 
Depository
Shares
Issued
and
Outstanding
 
Carrying
Value
 
 Aggregate
Liquidation Preference
 
Fixed
Rate
 
Optional
Redemption
Date 2
 
Fixed-to-Floating
Rate
Conversion
Date
 
Floating
Annual Rate
Fixed Rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series B
 
May 8, 2014
 
7.0

 
$
169

 
$
175

 
7.750%
 
May 8, 2019
 
N/A
 
N/A
Fixed-to-Floating Rate 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series C
 
August 22, 2017
 
13.0

 
315

 
325

 
7.000%
 
October 15, 2022
 
October 15, 2022
 
3M LIBOR + 5.111%
Series D
 
March 6, 2019
 
9.4

 
227

 
235

 
6.875%
 
April 15, 2024
 
April 15, 2024
 
3M LIBOR + 4.332%
Total
 

 
29.4

 
$
711

 
$
735

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
________________________________
1.
Fixed-to-floating rate redeemable preferred stock accrue dividends at a annual fixed rate of the $25.00 liquidation preference per depository share from the issuance date up to, but not including, the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date; thereafter, dividends will accrue on a floating rate basis equal to 3 month LIBOR plus a fixed spread.

22



2.
Shares may be redeemed prior to our optional redemption date under certain circumstances intended to preserve our qualification as a REIT for U.S federal income tax purposes.
At-the-Market Offering Program
We are authorized by our Board of Directors to enter into agreements with sales agents to publicly offer and sell shares of our common stock in privately negotiated and/or at-the-market transactions from time-to-time up to a maximum aggregate offering price of our common stock through June 14, 2021. During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, we did not sell shares of our common stock under the sales agreements. As of March 31, 2019, shares of our common stock with an aggregate offering price of $660 million remained authorized for issuance under this program.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table summarizes changes to accumulated OCI for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
2019
 
2018
Beginning Balance
 
$
(943
)
 
$
(345
)
OCI before reclassifications
 
396

 
(620
)
(Gain) loss amounts for available-for-sale securities reclassified from accumulated OCI to realized gain (loss) on sale of investment securities
 
4

 
(1
)
Ending Balance
 
$
(543
)
 
$
(966
)


Note 11. Subsequent Events

On April 10, 2019, our Board of Directors declared a monthly dividend of $0.18 per common share payable on May 9, 2019 to common stockholders of record as of April 30, 2019.

23



Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is designed to provide a reader of AGNC Investment Corp.'s consolidated financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for quarterly period ended March 31, 2019. Our MD&A is presented in six sections:
Executive Overview
Financial Condition
Results of Operations
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Forward-Looking Statements
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
We are an internally-managed Real Estate Investment Trust ("REIT"). We commenced operations on May 20, 2008 following the completion of our initial public offering. Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "AGNC."
As a REIT, we are required to distribute annually 90% of our taxable income. As a REIT, we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal or state corporate taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we distribute all our annual taxable income to our stockholders on a timely basis. It is our intention to distribute 100% of our taxable income within the time limits prescribed by the Internal Revenue Code, which may extend into the subsequent taxable year.
We invest primarily in Agency residential mortgage-backed securities ("Agency RMBS") on a leveraged basis. These investments consist of residential mortgage pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise, such as Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac," and together with Fannie Mae, the "GSEs"), or by a U.S. Government agency, such as Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae"). We also invest in other types of mortgage and mortgage-related residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities where repayment of principal and interest is not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency and in other investments in, or related to, the housing, mortgage or real estate markets.
Our principal objective is to provide our stockholders with attractive risk-adjusted returns through a combination of monthly dividends and tangible net book value accretion. We generate income from the interest earned on our investments, net of associated borrowing and hedging costs, and net realized gains and losses on our investment and hedging activities. We fund our investments primarily through borrowings structured as repurchase agreements.
The size and composition of our investment portfolio depends on the investment strategies we implement, availability of attractively priced investments, suitable financing to appropriately leverage our investment portfolio and overall market conditions. Market conditions are influenced by a variety of factors, including interest rates, prepayment expectations, liquidity, housing prices, unemployment rates, general economic conditions, government participation in the mortgage market, regulations and relative returns on other assets.

Trends and Recent Market Impacts
Following the challenging market conditions experienced in the fourth quarter of 2018, financial markets rebounded in the first quarter of 2019, with the S&P 500 recovering almost the entirety of its fourth quarter decline as investor sentiment improved markedly. Weaker domestic and international economic growth, coupled with benign inflation indicators, led the Federal Reserve to adopt a more neutral monetary policy stance during the first quarter, signaling that further increases to the Federal Funds rate were unlikely in 2019. The Federal Reserve also announced that it would suspend the runoff of its U.S. Treasury portfolio in September 2019, thus maintaining a larger balance sheet than the market previously expected. In response, interest rates decreased materially during the first quarter, with the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate declining 28 basis points from 2.69% as of December 31, 2018 to 2.41% as of March 31, 2019. Agency RMBS posted a strong first quarter, as valuations benefited from the decline in interest rate volatility and the outperformance of specified mortgage securities with favorable prepayment characteristics. Credit assets also performed well during the quarter with the improvement in investor sentiment, recovering much of the valuation declines experienced in the fourth quarter of 2018.

24



The outperformance of our Agency RMBS portfolio relative to interest rate hedges during the first quarter of 2019 led to our total comprehensive income of $1.22 per common share for the quarter. Our economic return on tangible common equity was 7.3% (unannualized) for the quarter, comprised of the $0.67 increase in our tangible net book value per common share and $0.54 per share of common dividends declared during the quarter. During the first quarter, funding costs remained elevated as the prior year-end funding levels persisted through much of the quarter, despite the Fed’s revised outlook and dovish tone. The favorable funding dynamic between Agency RMBS repo and 3-month LIBOR experienced throughout 2018 also abated during the quarter, further negatively impacting our funding costs. In addition, given the sizable decline in interest rates over the last two quarters, our projected lifetime CPR estimates increased during the first quarter, thus leading us to recognize greater premium amortization expense into current period earnings. These factors resulted in a decline in our net interest spread for the first quarter. Although Agency RMBS return expectations are somewhat lower now, we believe that a more stable rate environment should significantly reduce the likelihood that returns will be adversely impacted by interest rate volatility. Consistent with the lower return environment, we anticipate reducing our monthly common stock dividend to $0.16 per share, or $0.48 per share per quarter, beginning with the dividend to be declared in May 2019, subject to the discretion and approval of our Board of Directors.
Our "at risk" leverage ratio was 9.4x our tangible equity as of March 31, 2019, up from 9.0x as of December 31, 2018. Consistent with higher leverage and the deployment of proceeds from our March 2019 preferred stock equity offering, our investment portfolio increased to $102.2 billion, inclusive of TBAs, as of March 31, 2019 from $91.6 billion as of December 31, 2018.
The average cost of our repurchase agreement funding increased to 2.64% for the first quarter, compared to 2.42% for the fourth quarter of 2018. Our total cost of funds, which includes the cost of our repurchase agreements, the implied funding costs of our TBA securities and the cost/benefit of our interest rate swap hedges, increased by 18 basis points to an average of 2.27% for the first quarter, compared to 2.09% for the fourth quarter of 2018.
Our average asset yield, including the implied yield on our TBA assets and excluding "catch-up" premium amortization cost associated with changes in our CPR forecast, increased 7 basis points to 3.33% for the first quarter 2019, from 3.26% for the fourth quarter of 2018, largely due to investments in higher yielding Agency securities. Notwithstanding the sequential increase, our average asset yield, excluding of “catch-up” amortization, for the first quarter was negatively impacted by higher prepayment expectations as our forecasted CPR increased to 10.5% as of March 31, 2019 from 7.9% as of December 31, 2018.
Our net interest spread, which represents the difference between our asset yield and our cost of funds (excluding “catch-up” amortization and including TBA securities), was 1.06% for the first quarter of 2019, compared to 1.17% for fourth quarter of 2018.
During the first quarter, we reduced our interest rate hedge portfolio to 77% of our funding liabilities, from 94% as of December 31, 2018. The reduction in our hedge position was in line with the contraction of our asset duration resulting from lower rates and a more benign short-term rate outlook. For additional information regarding our interest rate and spread sensitivity please refer to Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk of this Form 10-Q.

25



Market Information
The following table summarizes interest rates and prices of generic fixed rate Agency RMBS as of each date presented below:
Interest Rate/Security Price 1
 
Mar. 31, 2018
 
June 30, 2018
 
Sept. 30, 2018
 
Dec. 31, 2018
 
Mar. 31, 2019
 
Mar. 31, 2019
vs
Dec. 31, 2018
LIBOR:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1-Month
 
1.88%
 
2.09%
 
2.26%
 
2.50%
 
2.49%
 
-0.01

bps
3-Month
 
2.31%
 
2.34%
 
2.40%
 
2.81%
 
2.60%
 
-0.21

bps
U.S. Treasury Security Rate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2-Year U.S. Treasury
 
2.27%
 
2.53%
 
2.82%
 
2.49%
 
2.27%
 
-0.22

bps
5-Year U.S. Treasury
 
2.57%
 
2.73%
 
2.95%
 
2.51%
 
2.24%
 
-0.27

bps
10-Year U.S. Treasury
 
2.74%
 
2.85%
 
3.06%
 
2.69%
 
2.41%
 
-0.28

bps
30-Year U.S. Treasury
 
2.97%
 
2.98%
 
3.20%
 
3.02%
 
2.82%
 
-0.20

bps
Interest Rate Swap Rate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2-Year Swap
 
2.58%
 
2.79%
 
2.99%
 
2.67%
 
2.39%
 
-0.28

bps
5-Year Swap
 
2.71%
 
2.88%
 
3.07%
 
2.58%
 
2.29%
 
-0.29

bps
10-Year Swap
 
2.78%
 
2.93%
 
3.12%
 
2.72%
 
2.41%
 
-0.31

bps
30-Year Swap
 
2.82%
 
2.93%
 
3.13%
 
2.85%
 
2.58%
 
-0.27

bps
30-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.0%
 
$97.52
 
$96.86
 
$95.67
 
$97.54
 
$99.55
 
+$2.01
3.5%
 
$100.20
 
$99.52
 
$98.41
 
$99.95
 
$101.35
 
+$1.40
4.0%
 
$102.61
 
$101.96
 
$100.97
 
$101.94
 
$102.86
 
+$0.92
4.5%
 
$104.70
 
$104.13
 
$103.16
 
$103.53
 
$104.20
 
+$0.67
15-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5%
 
$97.98
 
$97.22
 
$96.47
 
$97.70
 
$99.39
 
+$1.69
3.0%
 
$99.88
 
$99.41
 
$98.77
 
$99.80
 
$100.89
 
+$1.09
3.5%
 
$101.94
 
$101.16
 
$100.51
 
$101.23
 
$102.28
 
+$1.05
4.0%
 
$102.63
 
$102.58
 
$101.98
 
$102.34
 
$103.00
 
+$0.66
________________________________
1.
Price information is for generic instruments only and is not reflective of our specific portfolio holdings. Price information is as of 3:00 p.m. (EST) on such date and can vary by source. Prices and interest rates in the table above were obtained from Barclays. LIBOR rates were obtained from Bloomberg.


26



FINANCIAL CONDITION
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our investment portfolio consisted of $95.3 billion and $84.3 billion of investment securities, at fair value, respectively, and $7.0 billion and $7.3 billion of TBA securities, at fair value, respectively. The following table is a summary of our investment portfolio as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (dollars in millions):
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Investment Portfolio (Includes TBAs) 1
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Average Coupon
 
%
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Average Coupon
 
%
Fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ≤ 15-year:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ≤ 15-year RMBS
 
$
7,214

 
$
7,205

 
3.31
%
 
7
%
 
$
7,386

 
$
7,294

 
3.30
%
 
8
%
15-year TBA securities
 
3,432

 
3,457

 
3.61
%
 
3
%
 
3,635

 
3,673

 
3.61
%
 
4
%
Total ≤ 15-year
 
10,646

 
10,662

 
3.41
%
 
10
%
 
11,021

 
10,967

 
3.40
%
 
12
%
20-year RMBS
 
755

 
761

 
3.95
%
 
1
%
 
778

 
774

 
3.95
%
 
1
%
30-year:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30-year RMBS
 
84,405

 
84,536

 
3.89
%
 
83
%
 
74,883

 
73,685

 
3.87
%
 
80
%
30-year TBA securities
 
3,453

 
3,498

 
3.66
%
 
3
%
 
3,617

 
3,649

 
4.47
%
 
4
%
Total 30-year
 
87,858

 
88,034

 
3.88
%
 
86
%
 
78,500

 
77,334

 
3.90
%
 
84
%
Total fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities
 
99,259

 
99,457

 
3.83
%
 
97
%
 
90,299

 
89,075

 
3.84
%
 
97
%
Adjustable rate Agency RMBS
 
199

 
201

 
3.14
%
 
%
 
212

 
213

 
3.10
%
 
%
Multifamily
 
31

 
32

 
3.56
%
 
%
 

 

 
%
 
%
CMO Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CMO
 
555

 
555

 
3.46
%
 
1
%
 
588

 
583

 
3.46
%
 
1
%
Interest-only strips
 
74

 
84

 
3.63
%
 
%
 
77

 
84

 
3.61
%
 
%
Principal-only strips
 
92

 
95

 
%
 
%
 
95

 
94

 
%
 
%
Total CMO Agency RMBS
 
721

 
734

 
3.22
%
 
1
%
 
760

 
761

 
3.21
%
 
1
%
Total Agency RMBS and TBA securities
 
100,210

 
100,424

 
3.82
%
 
98
%
 
91,271

 
90,049

 
3.83
%
 
98
%
Non-Agency RMBS
 
313

 
319

 
3.86
%
 
%
 
264

 
266

 
3.83
%
 
1
%
CMBS
 
343

 
353

 
3.89
%
 
1
%
 
280

 
282

 
4.58
%
 
%
CRT
 
1,109

 
1,129

 
5.63
%
 
1
%
 
1,006

 
1,012

 
5.86
%
 
1
%
Total investment portfolio
 
$
101,975

 
$
102,225

 
3.84
%
 
100
%
 
$
92,821

 
$
91,609

 
3.85
%
 
100
%
________________________________
1.
TBA securities are presented net of long and short positions. For further details of our TBA securities refer to Note 6 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
TBA securities are recorded as derivative instruments in our accompanying consolidated financial statements and our TBA dollar roll transactions represent a form of off-balance sheet financing. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our TBA positions had a net carrying value of $70 million and $70 million, respectively, reported in derivative assets /(liabilities) on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The net carrying value represents the difference between the fair value of the underlying Agency security in the TBA contract and the contract price to be paid or received for the underlying Agency security.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the weighted average yield on our investment securities (excluding TBA securities) was 3.29% and 3.31%, respectively.

27



The following tables summarize certain characteristics of our fixed rate Agency RMBS portfolio, inclusive of TBAs, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (dollars in millions):
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Includes Net TBA Position
 
Excludes Net TBA Position
Fixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA Securities
 
Par Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Specified Pool % 1
 
Amortized
Cost Basis
 
Weighted Average
 
Projected Life
CPR 3
 
WAC 2
 
Yield 3
 
Age (Months)
Fixed rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ≤ 15-year
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5%
 
$
1,099

 
$
1,112

 
$
1,096

 
75%
 
101.1%
 
2.98%
 
2.11%
 
77
 
10%
3.0%
 
2,343

 
2,377

 
2,369

 
81%
 
101.7%
 
3.51%
 
2.45%
 
58
 
9%
3.5%
 
4,594

 
4,679

 
4,704

 
40%
 
102.2%
 
4.06%
 
2.85%
 
28
 
12%
4.0%
 
2,257

 
2,320

 
2,335

 
47%
 
103.2%
 
4.59%
 
3.10%
 
18
 
12%
4.5%
 
150

 
156

 
156

 
98%
 
103.9%
 
4.87%
 
3.00%
 
102
 
12%
≥ 5.0%
 
2

 
2

 
2

 
100%
 
102.2%
 
6.59%
 
4.60%
 
138
 
14%
Total ≤ 15-year
 
10,445

 
10,646

 
10,662

 
55%
 
102.1%
 
3.85%
 
2.67%
 
44
 
11%
20-year
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.5%
 
304

 
310

 
312

 
80%
 
101.9%
 
4.05%
 
3.00%
 
73
 
11%
4.0%
 
202

 
208

 
210

 
91%
 
103.3%
 
4.44%
 
3.26%
 
27
 
11%
4.5%
 
223

 
235

 
237

 
100%
 
105.0%
 
5.00%
 
3.29%
 
28
 
13%
≥ 5.0%
 
2

 
2

 
2

 
—%
 
105.5%
 
5.94%
 
3.33%
 
132
 
17%
Total 20-year:
 
731

 
755

 
761

 
89%
 
103.3%
 
4.46%
 
3.16%
 
46
 
12%
30-year:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.0%
 
3,012

 
2,996

 
3,005

 
3%
 
100.1%
 
3.58%
 
2.97%
 
50
 
6%
3.5%
 
30,221

 
31,022

 
30,806

 
51%
 
102.9%
 
4.07%
 
3.07%
 
38
 
8%
4.0%
 
35,956

 
37,272

 
37,419

 
68%
 
103.6%
 
4.57%
 
3.39%
 
24
 
12%
4.5%
 
15,640

 
16,352

 
16,587

 
73%
 
104.8%
 
5.00%
 
3.61%
 
15
 
12%
5.0%
 
128

 
137

 
139

 
120%
 
106.5%
 
5.53%
 
3.72%
 
63
 
11%
≥ 5.5%
 
72

 
79

 
78

 
50%
 
110.0%
 
6.18%
 
3.34%
 
149
 
13%
Total 30-year
 
85,029

 
87,858

 
88,034

 
61%
 
103.5%
 
4.45%
 
3.31%
 
28
 
10%
Total fixed rate
 
$
96,205

 
$
99,259

 
$
99,457

 
61%
 
103.3%
 
4.41%
 
3.26%
 
29
 
10%
________________________________
1.
Specified pools include pools backed by lower balance loans with original loan balances of up to $200K, HARP pools as defined as pools backed by 100% refinance loans with original LTVs ≥ 80% issued between May 2009 and September 2017, and pools backed by loans 100% originated in New York and Puerto Rico. As of March 31, 2019, lower balance specified pools have a weighted average original loan balance of $111,000 and $117,000 for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively, and HARP specified pools have a weighted average original LTV of 119% and 136% for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively.
2.
WAC represents the weighted average coupon of the underlying collateral.
3.
Portfolio yield incorporates a projected life CPR based on forward rate assumptions as of March 31, 2019.

28



 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Includes Net TBA Position
 
Excludes Net TBA Position
Fixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA Securities
 
Par Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Specified Pool % 1
 
Amortized
Cost Basis
 
Weighted Average
 
Projected Life
CPR 3
 
WAC 2
 
Yield 3
 
Age (Months)
Fixed rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ≤ 15-year
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ≤ 2.5%
 
$
1,157

 
$
1,170

 
$
1,139

 
75%
 
101.2%
 
2.98%
 
2.11%
 
74
 
9%
3.0%
 
2,651

 
2,677

 
2,650

 
75%
 
101.7%
 
3.51%
 
2.44%
 
56
 
9%
3.5%
 
4,444

 
4,498

 
4,502

 
43%
 
101.9%
 
4.07%
 
2.96%
 
25
 
10%
4.0%
 
2,449

 
2,507

 
2,509

 
40%
 
103.5%
 
4.47%
 
2.96%
 
44
 
10%
4.5%
 
160

 
167

 
165

 
99%
 
104.0%
 
4.87%
 
3.01%
 
99
 
11%
≥ 5.0%
 
2

 
2

 
2

 
100%
 
102.4%
 
6.55%
 
4.57%
 
134
 
14%
Total ≤ 15-year
 
10,863

 
11,021

 
10,967

 
54%
 
102.0%
 
3.82%
 
2.68%
 
46
 
10%
20-year
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.5%
 
314

 
320

 
318

 
80%
 
102.0%
 
4.05%
 
3.00%
 
70
 
10%
4.0%
 
206

 
214

 
213

 
91%
 
103.4%
 
4.45%
 
3.28%
 
24
 
10%
4.5%
 
230

 
242

 
241

 
100%
 
105.2%
 
5.00%
 
3.35%
 
25
 
11%
≥ 5.0%
 
2

 
2

 
2

 
—%
 
105.7%
 
5.94%
 
3.34%
 
128
 
16%
Total 20-year:
 
752

 
778

 
774

 
89%
 
103.4%
 
4.46%
 
3.19%
 
44
 
11%
30-year:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ≤ 3.0%
 
3,178

 
3,133

 
3,108

 
3%
 
100.1%
 
3.58%
 
2.97%
 
47
 
6%
3.5%
 
22,410

 
23,258

 
22,496

 
71%
 
103.2%
 
4.06%
 
3.05%
 
38
 
6%
4.0%
 
37,230

 
38,564

 
38,147

 
61%
 
103.8%
 
4.54%
 
3.44%
 
24
 
8%
4.5%
 
12,777

 
13,319

 
13,361

 
69%
 
104.7%
 
4.99%
 
3.75%
 
14
 
9%
5.0%
 
133

 
143

 
142

 
117%
 
106.8%
 
5.53%
 
3.80%
 
61
 
9%
≥ 5.5%
 
75

 
83

 
80

 
49%
 
110.5%
 
6.17%
 
3.35%
 
147
 
12%
Total 30-year
 
75,803

 
78,500

 
77,334

 
63%
 
103.6%
 
4.41%
 
3.34%
 
28
 
8%
Total fixed rate
 
$
87,418

 
$
90,299

 
$
89,075

 
62%
 
103.5%
 
4.36%
 
3.28%
 
30
 
8%
________________________________
1.
See Note 1 in table above for specified pool composition. As of December 31, 2018, lower balance specified pools have a weighted average original loan balance of $102,000 and $113,000 for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively, and HARP specified pools have a weighted average original LTV of 119% and 136% for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively.
2.
WAC represents the weighted average coupon of the underlying collateral.
3.
Portfolio yield incorporates a projected life CPR based on forward rate assumptions as of December 31, 2018.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our investments in CRT and non-Agency securities had the following credit ratings:
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
CRT and Non-Agency Security Credit Ratings 1
 
CRT
 
RMBS
 
CMBS
 
CRT
 
RMBS
 
CMBS
AAA
 
$

 
$
156

 
$
62

 
$

 
$
160

 
$
52

AA
 

 
42

 
190

 

 
17

 
152

A
 
17

 
45

 
33

 
17

 
33

 
15

BBB
 
54

 
63

 
58

 
25

 
43

 
53

BB
 
412

 
8

 
10

 
492

 
8

 
10

B
 
600

 
2

 

 
453

 
2

 

Not Rated
 
46

 
3

 

 
25

 
3

 

Total
 
$
1,129

 
$
319

 
$
353

 
$
1,012

 
$
266

 
$
282

 ________________________________
1.
Represents the lowest of Standard and Poor's ("S&P"), Moody's, Fitch, DBRS, Kroll Bond Rating Agency ("KBRA") and Morningstar credit ratings, stated in terms of the S&P equivalent rating as of each date.

Our CRT securities reference the performance of loans underlying Agency RMBS issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, which were subject to their underwriting standards. As of March 31, 2019, our CRT securities had floating and fixed rate coupons ranging from 3.0% to 8.8%, referenced to loans originated between 2011 and 2018 with weighted average coupons ranging from

29



3.7% to 4.9%. As of December 31, 2018, our CRT securities had floating rate coupons ranging from 3.9% to 9.5%, referenced to loans originated between 2011 and 2018 with weighted average coupons ranging from 3.8% to 4.8%.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to the results presented in accordance with GAAP, our results of operations discussed below include certain non-GAAP financial information, including "economic interest income," "economic interest expense," "net spread and dollar roll income," "net spread and dollar roll income, excluding 'catch-up' premium amortization," "estimated taxable income" and the related per common share measures and certain financial metrics derived from such non-GAAP information, such as "cost of funds" and "net interest spread."
"Economic interest income" is measured as interest income (GAAP measure), adjusted (i) to exclude "catch-up" premium amortization associated with changes in CPR estimates and (ii) to include TBA dollar roll implied interest income. "Economic interest expense" is measured as interest expense (GAAP measure) adjusted to include TBA dollar roll implied interest expense and interest rate swap periodic income/(cost). "Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization" includes (i) the components of economic interest income and economic interest expense and other miscellaneous dividend and interest income (referred to as "adjusted net interest and dollar roll income"), less (ii) total operating expenses (GAAP measure), net of management fee income (GAAP measure), adjusted, as applicable, to exclude one-time expenses and non-recurring termination fee income recognized in connection with the sale of MTGE Investment Corp. and corresponding termination of the Company's management agreement with MTGE.
By providing such measures, in addition to the related GAAP measures, we believe we give greater transparency into the information used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making. We also believe it is important for users of our financial information to consider information related to our current financial performance without the effects of certain measures and one-time events that are not necessarily indicative of our current investment portfolio performance and operations.
Specifically, in the case of "adjusted net interest and dollar roll income," we believe the inclusion of TBA dollar roll income is meaningful as TBAs, which are accounted for under GAAP as derivative instruments with gains and losses recognized in other gain (loss) in our consolidated statement of comprehensive income, are economically equivalent to holding and financing generic Agency RMBS using short-term repurchase agreements. Similarly, we believe that the inclusion of periodic interest rate swap settlements in "economic interest expense" is meaningful as interest rate swaps are the primary instrument we use to economically hedge against fluctuations in our borrowing costs and it is more indicative of our total cost of funds than interest expense alone. In the case of "economic interest income" and "net spread and dollar roll income, excluding 'catch-up' premium amortization," we believe the exclusion of "catch-up" adjustments to premium amortization cost or benefit is meaningful as it excludes the cumulative effect from prior reporting periods due to current changes in future prepayment expectations and, therefore, exclusion of such cost or benefit is more indicative of the current earnings potential of our investment portfolio. In the case of estimated taxable income, we believe it is meaningful information because it directly relates to the amount of dividends we are required to distribute to maintain our REIT qualification status.
However, because such measures are incomplete measures of our financial performance and involve differences from results computed in accordance with GAAP, they should be considered as supplementary to, and not as a substitute for, results computed in accordance with GAAP. In addition, because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of such non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to other similarly-titled measures of other companies. Furthermore, estimated taxable income can include certain information that is subject to potential adjustments up to the time of filing our income tax returns, which occurs after the end of our fiscal year.
Selected Financial Data

The following selected financial data is derived from our interim consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. The tables below present our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and key statistics for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in millions, except per share amounts):

30



($ in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
 
 
 
 
Balance Sheet Data
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Investment securities, at fair value
 
$
95,270

 
$
84,287

Total assets
 
$
118,807

 
$
109,241

Repurchase agreements and other debt
 
$
86,951

 
$
75,992

Total liabilities
 
$
108,306

 
$
99,335

Total stockholders' equity
 
$
10,501

 
$
9,906

Net book value per common share 1
 
$
18.21

 
$
17.54

Tangible net book value per common share 2
 
$
17.23

 
$
16.56

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
Statement of Comprehensive Income Data
 
2019
 
2018
Interest income
 
$
705

 
$
431

Interest expense
 
541

 
206

Net interest income
 
164

 
225

Other gain (loss), net
 
120

 
217

Operating expenses
 
19

 
18

Net income
 
265

 
424

Dividend on preferred stock
 
10

 
9

Net income available to common stockholders
 
$
255

 
$
415

 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
265

 
$
424

Other comprehensive income (loss), net
 
400

 
(621
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
 
665

 
(197
)
Dividend on preferred stock
 
10

 
9

Comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders
 
$
655

 
$
(206
)
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic
 
536.7

 
391.3

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted
 
537.2

 
391.5

Net income per common share - basic
 
$
0.48

 
$
1.06

Net income per common share - diluted
 
$
0.47

 
$
1.06

Comprehensive income (loss) per common share - basic and diluted
 
$
1.22

 
$
(0.53
)
Dividends declared per common share
 
$
0.54

 
$
0.54

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
Other Data (Unaudited) *
 
2019
 
2018
Average investment securities - at par
 
$
87,021

 
$
53,986

Average investment securities - at cost
 
$
89,952

 
$
56,573

Average net TBA portfolio - at cost
 
$
8,002

 
$
15,585

Average total assets - at fair value
 
$
114,994

 
$
68,781

Average Agency repurchase agreements and other debt outstanding 3
 
$
82,070

 
$
49,567

Average stockholders' equity 4
 
$
10,186

 
$
8,535

Average tangible net book value "at risk" leverage 5
 
9.3:1

 
8.2:1

Tangible net book value "at risk" leverage (as of period end) 6
 
9.4:1

 
8.2:1

Economic return on tangible common equity 7
 
7.3
%
 
(2.6
)%
Expenses % of average total assets
 
0.07
%
 
0.10
 %
Expenses % of average assets, including average net TBA position
 
0.06
%
 
0.09
 %
Expenses % of average stockholders' equity
 
0.75
%
 
0.84
 %
________________________________
* Except as noted below, average numbers for each period are weighted based on days on our books and records.

31



1.
Net book value per common share is calculated as total stockholders' equity, less preferred stock liquidation preference, divided by number of common shares outstanding as of period end.
2.
Tangible net book value per common share excludes goodwill.
3.
Other debt includes debt of consolidated VIEs. Amount excludes U.S. Treasury repo agreements and TBA contracts.
4.
Average stockholders' equity calculated as average month-ended stockholders' equity during the period.
5.
Average tangible net book value "at risk" leverage is calculated by dividing the sum of daily weighted average mortgage borrowings outstanding (Agency repo, other debt and TBA securities (at cost)) for the period by the sum of average stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill for the period. Leverage excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements.
6.
"At risk" leverage as of period end is calculated by dividing the sum of mortgage borrowings outstanding and receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities as of period end (at cost) by the sum of total stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill as of period end. Leverage excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements.
7.
Economic return on tangible common equity represents the sum of the change in tangible net book value per common share and dividends declared on common stock during the period over beginning tangible net book value per common share.

Economic Interest Income and Asset Yields
The following table summarizes our economic interest income (a non-GAAP measure) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, which includes the combination of interest income (a GAAP measure) on our holdings reported as investment securities on our consolidated balance sheets, adjusted to exclude estimated "catch-up" premium amortization adjustments due to changes in our CPR forecast, and implied interest income on our TBA securities (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
Interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash/coupon interest income
$
847

 
3.89
 %
 
$
500

 
3.70
 %
Net premium amortization
(142
)
 
(0.75
)%
 
(69
)
 
(0.65
)%
Interest income (GAAP measure)
705

 
3.14
 %
 
431

 
3.05
 %
Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization cost (benefit) due to change in CPR forecast
39

 
0.17
 %
 
(21
)
 
(0.15
)%
Interest income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization
744

 
3.31
 %
 
410

 
2.90
 %
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest income 1,2
71

 
3.55
 %
 
120

 
3.08
 %
Economic interest income, excluding "catch-up" amortization (non-GAAP measure) 3
$
815

 
3.33
 %
 
$
530

 
2.94
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average actual portfolio CPR for investment securities held during the period
6.3
%
 
 
 
8.6
%
 
 
Weighted average projected CPR for the remaining life of investment securities held as of period end
10.5
%
 
 
 
7.6
%
 
 
Average 30-year fixed rate mortgage rate as of period end 4
4.06
%
 
 
 
4.44
%
 
 
10-year U.S. Treasury rate as of period end
2.41
%
 
 
 
2.74
%
 
 
  ________________________________
1.
Reported in gain (loss) on derivatives instruments and other securities, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
2.
Implied interest income from TBA dollar roll transactions is computed as the sum of (i) TBA dollar roll income and (ii) estimated TBA implied funding cost (see Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds below). TBA dollar roll income represents the price differential, or "price drop," between the TBA price for current month settlement versus the TBA price for forward month settlement and is the economic equivalent to interest income on the underlying Agency securities, less an implied funding cost, over the forward settlement period. Amount is net of TBAs used for hedging purposes. Amount excludes TBA mark-to-market adjustments.
3.
The combined asset yield is calculated on a weighted average basis based on our average investment and TBA balances outstanding during the period and their respective yields.
4.
Source: Freddie Mac Primary Fixed Mortgage Rate Mortgage Market Survey
The principal elements impacting our economic interest income are the size of our average investment portfolio and the yield (actual and implied) on our securities. The following table includes a summary of the estimated impact of each of these elements on our economic interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the prior year period (in millions):

32



Impact of Changes in the Principal Elements Impacting Economic Interest Income
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 vs. March 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
Due to Change in Average
 
 
Total Increase /
(Decrease)
 
Portfolio
Size
 
Asset
Yield
Interest Income (GAAP measure)
 
$
274

 
$
254

 
$
20

Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization due to change in CPR forecast
 
60

 

 
60

Interest income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization
 
334

 
254

 
80

TBA dollar roll income - implied interest income
 
(49
)
 
(51
)
 
2

Economic interest income, excluding "catch-up" amortization (non-GAAP measure)
 
$
285

 
$
203

 
$
82

Our average investment portfolio, inclusive of TBAs, increased 36% (at cost) for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the prior year period, in line with the deployment of new equity capital and an increase in our tangible equity "at risk" leverage ratio. The increase in our average asset yield over the prior year period was largely due to changes in asset composition, as we increased our holdings of higher coupon, 30-year fixed rate securities relative to shorter duration assets.
Leverage  
Our primary measure of leverage is our tangible net book value "at risk" leverage ratio, which is measured as the sum of our Agency repurchase agreements, other debt used to fund our investment securities and net TBA position (at cost) (together referred to as "mortgage borrowings") and our net receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities, divided by our total stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill and other intangible asset.
We include our net TBA position in our measure of leverage because a forward contract to acquire Agency RMBS in the TBA market carries similar risks to Agency RMBS purchased in the cash market and funded with on-balance sheet liabilities. Similarly, a TBA contract for the forward sale of Agency securities has substantially the same effect as selling the underlying Agency RMBS and reducing our on-balance sheet funding commitments. (Refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources for further discussion of TBA securities and dollar roll transactions). Repurchase agreements used to fund short-term investments in U.S. Treasury securities ("U.S. Treasury repo") are excluded from our measure of leverage due to the temporary and highly liquid nature of these investments.
Our tangible net book value "at risk" leverage increased to 9.4x as of March 31, 2019, compared to 9.0x as of December 31, 2018 and 8.2x as of March 31, 2018, in light of improved overall levered returns on Agency RMBS and the availability of suitable financing. The table below presents a summary of our leverage ratios for the periods listed (dollars in millions):
 
 
Agency Repurchase Agreements and Other Debt 1
 
Net TBA Position
Long/(Short)
2 
 
Average Tangible Net Book Value
"At Risk" Leverage during the Period 3
 
Average
"At Risk" Leverage during the Period
4
 
Tangible Net Book Value "At Risk" Leverage
as of
Period End 3
 
"At Risk" Leverage
as of
Period End
5
Quarter Ended
 
Average Daily
Amount
 
Maximum
Daily Amount
 
Ending
Amount
 
Average Daily
Amount
 
Ending
Amount
 
March 31, 2019
 
$
82,070

 
$
87,877

 
$
86,590

 
$
8,002

 
$
6,885

 
9.3:1
 
8.8:1
 
9.4:1
 
9.0:1
December 31, 2018
 
$
68,499

 
$
77,442

 
$
75,992

 
$
8,066

 
$
7,252

 
8.4:1
 
7.9:1
 
9.0:1
 
8.5:1
March 31, 2018
 
$
49,567

 
$
50,645

 
$
49,292

 
$
15,585

 
$
13,529

 
8.2:1
 
7.7:1
 
8.2:1
 
7.6:1
________________________________
1.
Other debt includes debt of consolidated VIEs. Amounts exclude U.S. Treasury repo agreements.
2.
Daily average and ending net TBA position outstanding measured at cost.
3.
Tangible net book value "at risk" leverage includes the components of "at risk" leverage with stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, net.
4.
Average "at risk" leverage during the period was calculated by dividing the sum of our daily weighted average mortgage borrowings outstanding during the period by the sum of our average month-ended stockholders' equity less our average investment in REIT equity securities for the period.
5.
"At risk" leverage as of period end is calculated by dividing the sum of our mortgage borrowings outstanding and our receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities as of period end (at cost) by the sum of our total stockholders' equity less the fair value of investments in REIT equity securities at period end. Leverage excludes U.S. Treasury repo agreements.
Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds 
The following table summarizes our economic interest expense and aggregate cost of funds (non-GAAP measures) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in millions), which includes the combination of interest expense on Agency repurchase agreements and other debt (GAAP measure), implied interest expense on our TBA securities and interest rate swap periodic interest (income) cost:

33



 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds 1
 
Amount
 
Cost of Funds
 
Amount
 
Cost of Funds
Repurchase agreement and other debt - interest expense (GAAP measure)
 
$
541

 
2.64
 %
 
$
206

 
1.69
%
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest expense 2,3
 
52

 
2.60
 %
 
58

 
1.49
%
Economic interest expense - before interest rate swap costs 4
 
593

 
2.64
 %
 
264

 
1.62
%
Interest rate swap periodic interest (income) cost, net 2,5
 
(83
)
 
(0.37
)%
 
9

 
0.06
%
Total economic interest expense (non-GAAP measure)
 
$
510

 
2.27
 %
 
$
273

 
1.68
%
 ________________________________
1.
Amounts exclude interest rate swap termination fees and variation margin settlements paid or received, forward starting swaps and the impact of other supplemental hedges, such as swaptions and U.S. Treasury positions.
2.
Reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
3.
The implied funding cost of TBA dollar roll transactions is determined using the price differential, or "price drop," between the TBA price for current month settlement versus the TBA price for forward month settlement and market based assumptions regarding the "cheapest-to-deliver" collateral that can be delivered to satisfy the TBA contract, such as the anticipated collateral’s weighted average coupon, weighted average maturity and projected 1-month CPR.  The average implied funding cost for all TBA transactions is weighted based on our daily average TBA balance outstanding for the period.
4.
The combined cost of funds for total mortgage borrowings outstanding, before interest rate swap costs, is calculated on a weighted average basis based on average repo, other debt and TBA balances outstanding during the period and their respective cost of funds.
5.
Interest rate swap periodic interest (income) cost is measured as a percent of average mortgage borrowings outstanding for the period.

The principal elements impacting our economic interest expense are (i) the size of our average mortgage borrowings and interest rate swap portfolio outstanding during the period, (ii) the average interest rate (actual and implied) on our mortgage borrowings and (iii) the average net interest rate paid/received on our interest rate swaps. The following table includes a summary of the estimated impact of these elements on our economic interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the prior year period (in millions):
Impact of Changes in the Principal Elements of Economic Interest Expense
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 vs. March 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
Due to Change in Average
 
 
Total Increase / (Decrease)
 
Borrowing / Swap Balance
 
Borrowing / Swap Rate
Repurchase agreements and other debt interest expense
 
$
335

 
$
138

 
$
197

TBA dollar roll income - implied interest expense
 
(6
)
 
(28
)
 
22

Interest rate swap periodic interest income/cost
 
(92
)
 
1

 
(93
)
Total change in economic interest expense
 
$
237

 
$
111

 
$
126

Our average mortgage borrowings, inclusive of TBAs, increased by 38% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period as a function of our higher asset base. The increase in the average interest rate (actual and implied) on our mortgage borrowings was largely a function of increases in the Federal Funds rate during fiscal year 2018. The decrease in our periodic swap costs was due to the receive-floating rate leg of our interest rate swaps resetting to higher prevailing three-month LIBOR rates.
The table below presents a summary of the ratio of our average interest rates swaps outstanding, excluding forward starting swaps, to our average mortgage borrowings for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in millions):
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
Average Ratio of Interest Rate Swaps (Excluding Forward Starting Swaps) to Mortgage Borrowings Outstanding
 
2019
 
2018
Average Agency repo and other debt outstanding
 
$
82,070

 
$
49,567

Average net TBA portfolio outstanding - at cost
 
$
8,002

 
$
15,585

Average mortgage borrowings outstanding
 
$
90,072

 
$
65,152

Average notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding (excluding forward starting swaps)
 
$
45,158

 
$
41,021

Ratio of average interest rate swaps to mortgage borrowings outstanding
 
50
 %
 
63
 %
 
 
 
 
 
Average interest rate swap pay-fixed rate (excluding forward starting swaps)
 
1.97
 %
 
1.72
 %
Average interest rate swap receive-floating rate
 
(2.72
)%
 
(1.63
)%
Average interest rate swap net pay/(receive) rate
 
(0.75
)%
 
0.09
 %

34



For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we had an average forward starting swap balance of $5.9 billion and $3.4 billion, respectively. Forward starting interest rate swaps do not impact our economic interest expense and aggregate cost of funds until they commence accruing net interest settlements on their forward start dates. Including forward starting swaps, our average ratio of interest rate swaps outstanding to our average mortgage borrowings was 57% and 68% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Net Interest Spread
The following table presents a summary of our net interest spread (including the impact of TBA dollar roll income, interest rate swaps and excluding "catch-up" premium amortization) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
Investment and TBA Securities - Net Interest Spread
 
2019
 
2018
Average asset yield, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization
 
3.33
 %
 
2.94
 %
Average aggregate cost of funds
 
(2.27
)%
 
(1.68
)%
Average net interest spread, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization
 
1.06
 %
 
1.26
 %
Net Spread and Dollar Roll Income
The following table presents a summary of our net spread and dollar roll income, excluding estimated "catch-up" premium amortization, per diluted common share (a non-GAAP financial measure) and a reconciliation to our net interest income (the most comparable GAAP financial measure) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in millions):
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Net interest income (GAAP measure)
 
$
164

 
$
225

TBA dollar roll income, net 1
 
19

 
62

Interest rate swap periodic interest income (cost), net 1
 
83

 
(9
)
Other interest and dividend income 1
 
3

 
1

Adjusted net interest and dollar roll income
 
269

 
279

Other operating income (expense):
 
 
 
 
Management fee income
 

 
4

Operating expenses
 
(19
)
 
(18
)
Adjusted other operating income (expense), net
 
(19
)
 
(14
)
Net spread and dollar roll income
 
250

 
265

Dividend on preferred stock
 
10

 
9

Net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure)
 
240

 
256

Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization (benefit) cost due to change in CPR forecast
 
39

 
(21
)
Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure)
 
$
279

 
$
235

 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic
 
536.7

 
391.3

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted
 
537.2

 
391.5

Net spread and dollar roll income per common share - basic
 
$
0.45

 
$
0.65

Net spread and dollar roll income per common share - diluted
 
$
0.45

 
$
0.65

Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, per common share - basic
 
$
0.52

 
$
0.60

Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, per common share - diluted
 
$
0.52

 
$
0.60

________________________________
1.
Reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income
Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities, Net
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the average fair value of our investment portfolio increased 169 basis points to 100.2% of the weighted average cost basis as of March 31, 2019 due to the decline in long-term interest rates and the outperformance of specified Agency RMBS with favorable prepayment characteristics. During the prior year period, the average fair value of our investment portfolio declined 200 basis points to 97.3% of the weighted average cost basis as of March 31, 2018, due to higher interest rates and lower pay-up values for specified Agency RMBS.

35



The following table is a summary of our net gain (loss) on investment securities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in millions): 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities, Net 1
 
2019
 
2018
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net
 
$
60

 
$
(2
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net 2
 
1,060

 
(523
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, net
 
400

 
(621
)
Total gain (loss) on investment securities, net
 
$
1,520

 
$
(1,146
)
________________________________
1.
Amounts exclude gain (loss) on TBA securities, which are reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
2.
Investment securities acquired after fiscal year 2016 are measured at fair value through net income (see Note 3 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q).
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments and Other Securities, Net  
The following table is a summary of our gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Interest rate swap periodic interest income (cost), net
$
83

 
$
(9
)
Realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net:
 
 
 
TBA securities - dollar roll income, net
19

 
62

TBA securities - mark-to-market net gain (loss)
65

 
(432
)
Payer swaptions
(10
)
 
6

U.S. Treasury securities - long position

 

U.S. Treasury securities - short position
(66
)
 
3

U.S. Treasury futures - short position
(45
)
 
110

Interest rate swaps - termination fees and variation margin settlements, net
(699
)
 
582

Other
(6
)
 
1

Total realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net
(742
)
 
332

Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net:
 
 
 
TBA securities - mark-to-market net gain (loss)
(1
)
 
78

Interest rate swaps
20

 
90

Payer swaptions
(17
)
 
85

U.S. Treasury securities - short position
(359
)
 
209

U.S. Treasury futures - short position
14

 
(48
)
Other
2

 
1

Total unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net
(341
)
 
415

Total gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net
$
(1,000
)
 
$
738

For further details regarding our use of derivative instruments and related activity refer to Notes 3 and 6 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
Estimated Taxable Income 
For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we had estimated taxable income available to common stockholders of $196 million and $80 million (or $0.36 and $0.20 per diluted common share), respectively. Income determined under GAAP differs from income determined under U.S. federal income tax rules because of both temporary and permanent differences in income and expense recognition. The primary differences are (i) unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments and other securities marked-to-market in current income for GAAP purposes, but excluded from taxable income until realized or settled, (ii) timing differences, both temporary and potentially permanent, in the recognition of certain realized gains and losses and (iii) temporary differences related to the amortization of premiums and discounts on investments. Furthermore, our estimated taxable income is subject to potential adjustments up to the time of filing our appropriate tax returns, which occurs after the end of our

36



fiscal year. The following is a reconciliation of our GAAP net income to our estimated taxable income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in millions, except per share amounts):
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Net income
$
265

 
$
424

Estimated book to tax differences:
 
 
 
Premium amortization, net
54

 
(23
)
Realized gain/loss, net
627

 
(652
)
Net capital loss/(utilization of net capital loss carryforward)
(12
)
 
245

Unrealized (gain)/loss, net
(719
)
 
108

Other
(9
)
 
(13
)
Total book to tax differences
(59
)
 
(335
)
Estimated REIT taxable income
206

 
89

Dividend on preferred stock
10

 
9

Estimated REIT taxable income available to common stockholders
$
196

 
$
80

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic
536.7

 
391.3

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted
537.2

 
391.5

Estimated REIT taxable income per common share - basic
$
0.37

 
$
0.20

Estimated REIT taxable income per common share - diluted
$
0.36

 
$
0.20

 
 
 
 
Beginning cumulative non-deductible net capital loss
$
182

 
$
357

Increase (decrease) in net capital loss carryforward
(12
)
 
245

Ending cumulative non-deductible net capital loss
$
170

 
$
602

Ending cumulative non-deductible net capital loss per common share
$
0.32

 
$
1.54



37



LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our primary sources of funds are borrowings under master repurchase agreements, asset sales, receipts of monthly principal and interest payments on our investment portfolio and equity offerings. We may also enter into TBA contracts to acquire or dispose of Agency RMBS and TBA dollar roll transactions to finance Agency RMBS purchases. Because the level of our borrowings can be adjusted daily, the level of cash and cash equivalents carried on our balance sheet is significantly less important than the potential liquidity available under our borrowing arrangements. Our leverage will vary periodically depending on market conditions and our assessment of risks and returns. We generally would expect our leverage to be within six to twelve times the amount of our tangible stockholders' equity. However, under certain market conditions, we may operate at leverage levels outside of this range for extended periods of time.
We currently believe that we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources available for the acquisition of additional investments, repayments on borrowings, maintenance of any margin requirements and the payment of cash dividends as required for our continued qualification as a REIT. We currently expect to distribute 100% of our taxable income so that we are not subject to U.S. federal and state corporate income taxes. Our REIT distribution requirement of at least 90% of our taxable income limits our ability to retain earnings and thereby replenish or increase capital from operations.
Debt Capital
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our mortgage borrowings consisted of the following (dollars in millions):
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Mortgage Borrowings
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Repurchase agreements 1
 
$
86,324

 
93
%
 
$
75,717

 
91
%
Debt of consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value
 
266

 
%
 
275

 
%
Total debt
 
86,590

 
93
%
 
75,992

 
91
%
Net TBA position, at cost
 
6,885

 
7
%
 
7,252

 
9
%
Total mortgage borrowings
 
$
93,475

 
100
%
 
$
83,244

 
100
%
________________________________
1.
Amount excludes $361 million of repurchase agreements used to fund purchases of U.S. Treasury securities as of March 31, 2019.
Our tangible net book value "at risk" leverage was 9.4x and 9.0x as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, measured as the sum of our total mortgage borrowings and net payable / (receivable) for unsettled investment securities, divided by the sum of our total stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill.
Repurchase Agreements
As part of our investment strategy, we borrow against our investment portfolio pursuant to master repurchase agreements. We expect that the majority of our borrowings under repurchase agreements will have maturities ranging up to one year but may have terms ranging up to five years or longer. Borrowings with maturities greater than one year typically have floating rates of interest based on LIBOR plus or minus a fixed spread.
As of March 31, 2019, we had $86.3 billion of repurchase agreements outstanding used to fund acquisitions of investment securities with a weighted average interest rate of 2.82% and a weighted average remaining days-to-maturity of 81 days, compared $75.7 billion, 2.79% and 49 days, respectively, as of December 31, 2018.
To limit our counterparty exposure, we diversify our funding across multiple counterparties and by counterparty region. As of March 31, 2019, we had master repurchase agreements with 47 financial institutions located throughout North America, Europe and Asia, including counterparties accessed through our wholly-owned captive broker-dealer subsidiary, Bethesda Securities, LLC ("BES"). BES has direct access to bilateral and triparty funding, including the General Collateral Finance Repo service offered by the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, or "FICC," which provides us greater depth and diversity of funding at favorable terms relative to traditional bilateral repurchase agreement funding. As of March 31, 2019, $35.6 billion of our repurchase agreement funding was sourced through BES.
The table below includes a summary of our Agency RMBS repurchase agreement funding by number of repo counterparties and counterparty region as of March 31, 2019. For further details regarding our borrowings under repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2019, please refer to Notes 5 and 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

38



 
 
March 31, 2019
Counter-Party Region
 
Number of Counter-Parties
 
Percent of Repurchase Agreement Funding
North America:
 
 
 
 
FICC
 
1
 
40%
Other
 
27
 
40%
Total North America
 
28
 
80%
Europe
 
14
 
14%
Asia
 
5
 
6%
Total
 
47
 
100%
Amounts available to be borrowed under our repurchase agreements are dependent upon lender collateral requirements and the lender's determination of the fair value of the securities pledged as collateral, which fluctuates with changes in interest rates, credit quality and liquidity conditions within the investment banking, mortgage finance and real estate industries. In addition, our counterparties apply a "haircut" to our pledged collateral, which means our collateral is valued at slightly less than market value. This haircut reflects the underlying risk of the specific collateral and protects our counterparty against a change in its value, but conversely subjects us to counterparty credit risk and limits the amount we can borrow against our investment securities. Our master repurchase agreements do not specify the haircut; rather haircuts are determined on an individual repurchase transaction basis. Throughout the three months ended March 31, 2019, haircuts on our pledged collateral remained stable and, as of March 31, 2019, our weighted average haircut was approximately 3.9% of the value of our collateral, inclusive of collateral funded through BES. As of March 31, 2019, our maximum amount at risk (or the amount of our repurchase liabilities in excess of the value of collateral pledged) with any counterparty related to our repurchase agreements, excluding the FICC, was less than 4% of our tangible stockholders' equity, with our top five repo counterparties, excluding the FICC, representing less than 13% of our tangible stockholders' equity. As of March 31, 2019, approximately 7% of our tangible stockholder's equity was at risk with the FICC. We could be exposed to credit risk if the FICC or an FICC netting member defaults on its obligations. However, we believe that the risk is minimal due to the FICC's initial and daily mark-to-market margin requirements, guarantee funds and other resources that are available in the event of a default.
We may be required to pledge additional assets to our counterparties in the event the estimated fair value of the existing collateral pledged under our agreements declines and our counterparties demand additional collateral (a "margin call"), which may take the form of additional securities or cash. Specifically, margin calls would result from a decline in the fair value of our investment securities securing our repurchase agreements as well as due to prepayments on the mortgages securing such securities. Similarly, if the estimated fair value of our investment securities increases due to changes in interest rates or other factors, counterparties may release collateral back to us. Our repurchase agreements generally provide that the valuations of securities securing our repurchase agreements are to be obtained from a generally recognized source agreed to by the parties. In certain circumstances, however, our lenders have the sole discretion to determine the value of pledged collateral. In such instances, our lenders are required to act in good faith in making determinations of value. Our repurchase agreements generally provide that in the event of a margin call, we must provide additional securities or cash on the same business day that a margin call is made if the lender provides us notice prior to the margin notice deadline on such day.
As of March 31, 2019, we had met all of our margin requirements and we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $0.9 billion and unpledged securities of approximately $4.5 billion, including securities pledged to us and unpledged interests in our consolidated VIEs, available to meet margin calls on our repurchase agreements and other funding liabilities, derivative instruments and for other corporate purposes.
Although we believe we will have adequate sources of liquidity available to us through repurchase agreement financing to execute our business strategy, there can be no assurances that repurchase agreement financing will be available to us upon the maturity of our current repurchase agreements to allow us to renew or replace our repurchase agreement financing on favorable terms or at all. If our repurchase agreement lenders default on their obligations to resell the underlying collateral back to us at the end of the term, we could incur a loss equal to the difference between the value of the collateral and the cash we originally received.
To help manage the adverse impact of interest rate changes on the value of our investment portfolio as well as our cash flows, we utilize an interest rate risk management strategy under which we use derivative financial instruments. In particular, we attempt to mitigate the risk of the cost of our variable rate liabilities increasing at a faster rate than the earnings of our long-term fixed rate assets during a period of rising interest rates. The primary derivative instruments that we use are interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts. Please refer to Notes 3 and 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for further details regarding our use of derivative instruments.

39



As with repurchase agreements, our derivative agreements typically require that we pledge/receive collateral to/from our counterparties. Our counterparties, or the central clearing agency, typically have the sole discretion to determine the value of the derivative instruments and the value of the collateral securing such instruments. In the event of a margin call, we must provide additional collateral generally on the same or next business day. We minimize counterparty credit risk associated with our derivative instruments by limiting our counterparties to registered central clearing exchanges and major financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings and by monitoring positions with individual counterparties. Excluding centrally cleared derivative instruments, as of March 31, 2019, our amount at risk with any counterparty related to our interest rate swap and swaption agreements was less than 1% of our stockholders' equity. In the case of centrally cleared derivative instruments, we could be exposed to credit risk if the exchange or a central clearing member defaults on its obligations. However, we believe that the risk is minimal due to initial and daily mark-to-market margin requirements, guarantee funds and other resources that are available in the event of a default.
TBA Dollar Roll Transactions
TBA dollar roll transactions used to finance the purchase of Agency RMBS represent a form of off-balance sheet financing accounted for as derivative instruments. (See Notes 3 and 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q additional details on of our TBA transactions). Under certain market conditions, it may be uneconomical for us to roll our TBA contracts into future months and we may need to take or make physical delivery of the underlying securities. If we were required to take physical delivery to settle a long TBA contract, we would have to fund our total purchase commitment with cash or other financing sources and our liquidity position could be negatively impacted. As of March 31, 2019, we had a net long TBA position with a total market value of $7.0 billion and a net carrying value of $70 million recognized in derivative assets/(liabilities), at fair value, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets in this Form 10-Q.
Our TBA dollar roll contracts are also subject to margin requirements governed by the Mortgage-Backed Securities Division ("MBSD") of the FICC and by our prime brokerage agreements, which may establish margin levels in excess of the MBSD. Such provisions require that we establish an initial margin based on the notional value of the TBA contract, which is subject to increase if the estimated fair value of our TBA contract or the estimated fair value of our pledged collateral declines. The MBSD has the sole discretion to determine the value of our TBA contracts and of the pledged collateral securing such contracts. In the event of a margin call, we must generally provide additional collateral on the same business day.
Settlement of our TBA obligations by taking delivery of the underlying securities as well as satisfying margin requirements could negatively impact our liquidity position. However, since we do not use TBA dollar roll transactions as our primary source of financing, we believe that we will have adequate sources of liquidity to meet such obligations.
Bethesda Securities Regulatory Capital Requirements
BES is subject to regulations of the securities business that include but are not limited to trade practices, capital structure, recordkeeping and conduct of directors, officers and employees.  As a self-clearing registered broker-dealer, BES is required to maintain minimum net regulatory capital as defined by SEC Rule 15c3-1 (the "Rule"). As of March 31, 2019, the minimum net capital required was $0.3 million and BES had excess net capital of $594.2 million. Regulatory capital in excess of the minimum required by the Rule is held to meet levels required by clearing organizations, the clearing bank and other repo counterparties.
Asset Sales and TBA Eligible Securities
We maintain a portfolio of highly liquid mortgage-backed securities. We may sell our Agency securities through the TBA market by delivering them into TBA contracts, subject to "good delivery" provisions promulgated by Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association ("SIFMA"). We may alternatively sell Agency securities that have more unique attributes on a specified basis when such securities trade at a premium over generic TBA securities or if the securities are not otherwise eligible for TBA delivery. Since the TBA market is the second most liquid market (after the U.S. Treasury market), maintaining a significant level of Agency securities eligible for TBA delivery enhances our liquidity profile and provides price support for our TBA eligible securities at or above generic TBA prices. As of March 31, 2019, approximately 94% of our fixed rate Agency RMBS portfolio was eligible for TBA delivery.
Equity Capital
To the extent we raise additional equity capital, we may use cash proceeds from such transactions to purchase additional investment securities, to make scheduled payments of principal and interest on our funding liabilities and/or for other general corporate purposes.  There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to raise additional equity capital at any particular time or on any particular terms. Furthermore, when the trading price of our common stock is significantly less than our estimate of our current tangible net book value per common share, among other conditions, we may repurchase shares of our common stock, subject to the provisions of a stock repurchase program in effect at such time.

40




OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

As of March 31, 2019, we did not maintain relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance, or special purpose or variable interest entities, established to facilitate off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Additionally, as of March 31, 2019, we had not guaranteed obligations of unconsolidated entities or entered into a commitment or intent to provide funding to such entities.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  These forward-looking statements are based on estimates, projections, beliefs and assumptions of our management as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and involve risks and uncertainties in predicting future results and conditions.  Our actual performance could differ materially from those projected or anticipated in any forward looking statements due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation, changes in interest rates, the yield curve or prepayment rates; the availability and terms of financing; changes in the market value of our assets; the effectiveness of our risk mitigation strategies; conditions in the market for Agency and other mortgage securities; or legislative or regulatory changes that affect our status as a REIT or our exemption from the Investment Company Act of 1940 or that affect the GSE’s or secondary mortgage market in which we participate.  A discussion of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from any of our forward-looking statements is included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and this document under Item 1A. Risk Factors.  We caution readers not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in market factors such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. The primary market risks that we are exposed to are interest rate, prepayment, spread, liquidity, extension and credit risk.
Interest Rate Risk
We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with the fixed income nature of our assets and the short-term, variable rate nature of our financing obligations. Our operating results depend in large part on differences between the income earned on our assets and our cost of borrowing and hedging activities. The costs associated with our borrowings are generally based on prevailing market interest rates. During a period of rising interest rates, our borrowing costs generally will increase while the yields earned on our existing portfolio of leveraged fixed-rate assets will largely remain static. This can result in a decline in our net interest spread. Changes in the level of interest rates can also affect the rate of mortgage prepayments and the value of our assets.
Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including fiscal and monetary policies and domestic and international economic and political considerations, as well as other factors beyond our control. Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we engage in a variety of interest rate management techniques to mitigate the influence of interest rate changes on our net interest income and fluctuations of our tangible net asset value. The principal instruments that we use to hedge our interest rate risk are interest rate swaps, swaptions, U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts. Our hedging techniques are highly complex and are partly based on assumed levels of prepayments of our assets. If prepayments are slower or faster than assumed, the maturity our investments will also differ from our expectations, which could reduce the effectiveness of our hedging strategies and may cause losses on such transactions and adversely affect our cash flow.
The severity of potential declines in our tangible net book value due to fluctuations in interest rates would depend on our asset, liability and hedge composition at the time, as well as the magnitude and duration of the interest rate change. Primary measures of an instrument's price sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations are its duration and convexity. Duration measures the estimated percentage change in market value of an instrument that would be caused by a parallel change in short and long-term interest rates. The duration of our assets will vary with changes in interest rates and tends to increase when interest rates rise and decrease when interest rates fall. This "negative convexity" generally increases the interest rate exposure of our investment portfolio in excess of what is measured by duration alone.
We estimate the duration and convexity of our assets using both a third-party risk management system and market data. We review the duration estimates from the third-party model and may make adjustments based on our judgment to better reflect any unique characteristics and market trading conventions associated with certain types of securities.
The table below quantifies the estimated changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio (including derivatives and other securities used for hedging purposes) and in our tangible net book value per common share as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 should interest rates go up or down by 50 and 100 basis points, assuming instantaneous parallel shifts in the

41



yield curve and including the impact of both duration and convexity. All values in the table below are measured as percentage changes from the base interest rate scenario. The base interest rate scenario assumes interest rates and prepayment projections as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
To the extent that these estimates or other assumptions do not hold true, which is likely in a period of high volatility, actual results could differ materially from our projections. Moreover, if different models were employed in the analysis, materially different projections could result. Lastly, while the table below reflects the estimated impact of interest rate changes on a static portfolio, we actively manage our portfolio and we continuously adjust the size and composition of our asset and hedge portfolio. 
Interest Rate Sensitivity 1,2
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Change in Interest Rate
 
Estimated Change in Portfolio Market Value
 
Estimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common Share
 
Estimated Change in Portfolio Market Value
 
Estimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common Share
-100 Basis Points
 
-1.0%
 
-10.6%
 
-0.7%
 
-7.3%
-50 Basis Points
 
-0.2%
 
-2.6%
 
-0.1%
 
-1.0%
+50 Basis Points
 
-0.3%
 
-3.6%
 
-0.3%
 
-3.1%
+100 Basis Points
 
-1.1%
 
-12.4%
 
-0.9%
 
-9.3%
________________________________
1.
Derived from models that are dependent on inputs and assumptions provided by third parties, assumes there are no changes in mortgage spreads and assumes a static portfolio. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
2.
Includes the effect of derivatives and other securities used for hedging purposes.

Prepayment Risk
Prepayment risk is the risk that our assets will be repaid at a faster rate than anticipated. Interest rates and numerous other factors affect the rate of prepayments, including housing prices, general economic conditions, loan age, size and loan-to-value ratios, and the pace of GSE buyouts of delinquent loans underlying our securities among other factors. Generally, prepayments increase during periods of falling mortgage interest rates and decrease during periods of rising mortgage interest rates. However, this may not always be the case.
If our assets prepay at a faster rate than anticipated, we may be unable to reinvest the repayments at acceptable yields. If the proceeds are reinvested at lower yields than our existing assets, our net interest income would be negatively impacted. We also amortize or accrete premiums and discounts we pay or receive at purchase relative to the stated principal of our assets into interest income over their projected lives using the effective interest method. If the actual and estimated future prepayment experience differs from our prior estimates, we are required to record an adjustment to interest income for the impact of the cumulative difference in the effective yield.
Extension Risk
Extension risk is the risk that our assets will be repaid at a slower rate than anticipated and generally increases when interest rates rise. In which case, we may have to finance our investments at potentially higher costs without the ability to reinvest principal into higher yielding securities because borrowers prepay their mortgages at a slower pace than originally expected, adversely impacting our net interest spread, and thus our net interest income.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our investment securities (excluding TBAs) had a weighted average projected CPR of 10.5% and 7.9%, respectively, and a weighted average yield of 3.29% and 3.31%, respectively. The table below presents estimated weighted average projected CPRs and yields for our investment securities should interest rates go up or down by 50 and 100 basis points.

42



Interest Rate Sensitivity 1
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Change in Interest Rate
 
Weighted Average Projected CPR
 
Weighted Average Asset Yield 2
 
Weighted Average Projected CPR
 
Weighted Average Asset Yield 2
-100 Basis Points
 
20.3%
 
3.01%
 
14.1%
 
3.15%
-50 Basis Points
 
15.0%
 
3.17%
 
10.3%
 
3.25%
+50 Basis Points
 
7.7%
 
3.36%
 
6.5%
 
3.33%
+100 Basis Points
 
6.2%
 
3.40%
 
5.7%
 
3.38%
________________________________
1.
Derived from models that are dependent on inputs and assumptions provided by third parties and assumes a static portfolio. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Table excludes TBA securities.
2.
Asset yield based on historical cost basis and does not include the impact of retroactive "catch-up" premium amortization adjustments due to changes in projected CPR.
Spread Risk
Spread risk is the risk that the market spread between the yield on our assets and the yield on benchmark interest rates linked to our interest rate hedges, such as U.S. Treasury rates and interest rate swap rates, may vary. The inherent spread risk associated with our investment securities and the resulting fluctuations in fair value of these securities can occur independent of interest rates and may relate to other factors impacting the mortgage and fixed income markets, such as actual or anticipated monetary policy actions by U.S. and foreign central banks, liquidity, or changes in required rates of return on different assets. Our strategies are generally not specifically designed to protect against spread risk, thus while we use interest rate swaps and other hedges to attempt to protect against moves in interest rates, our tangible net book value could decline if spreads widen.
The table below quantifies the estimated changes in the fair value of our assets, net of hedges, and our tangible net book value per common share as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 should spreads widen or tighten by 10 and 25 basis points. The estimated impact of changes in spreads is in addition to our interest rate shock sensitivity included in the interest rate shock table above. The table below assumes a spread duration of 4.9 and 5.6 years as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, based on interest rates and prices as of such dates. However, our portfolio's sensitivity of mortgage spread changes will vary with changes in interest rates and in the size and composition of our portfolio. Therefore, actual results could differ materially from our estimates.
Spread Sensitivity 1,2
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Change in MBS Spread
 
Estimated Change in Portfolio Market Value
 
Estimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common Share
 
Estimated Change in Portfolio Market Value
 
Estimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common Share
-25 Basis Points
 
+1.2%
 
+13.5%
 
+1.4%
 
+14.3%
-10 Basis Points
 
+0.5%
 
+5.4%
 
+0.6%
 
+5.7%
+10 Basis Points
 
-0.5%
 
-5.4%
 
-0.6%
 
-5.7%
+25 Basis Points
 
-1.2%
 
-13.5%
 
-1.4%
 
-14.3%
________________________________
1.
Spread sensitivity is derived from models that are dependent on inputs and assumptions provided by third parties, assumes there are no changes in interest rates and assumes a static portfolio. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
2.
Includes the effect of derivatives and other securities used for hedging purposes.

43



Liquidity Risk
Our liquidity risk principally arises from financing long-term fixed rate assets with shorter-term variable rate borrowings.  As of March 31, 2019, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $0.9 billion and unpledged securities of approximately $4.5 billion available to meet margin calls on our funding liabilities and derivative contracts and for other corporate purposes.  However, should the value of our collateral or the value of our derivative instruments suddenly decrease, margin calls relating to our funding liabilities and derivative agreements could increase, causing an adverse change in our liquidity position. Furthermore, there is no assurance that we will always be able to renew (or roll) our short-term funding liabilities. In addition, our counterparties have the option to increase our haircuts (margin requirements) on the assets we pledge against our funding liabilities, thereby reducing the amount that can be borrowed against an asset even if they agree to renew or roll our funding liabilities. Significantly higher haircuts can reduce our ability to leverage our portfolio or even force us to sell assets, especially if correlated with asset price declines or faster prepayment rates on our assets.
In addition, we often utilize TBA dollar roll transactions to invest in and finance Agency RMBS. Under certain conditions it may be uneconomical to roll our TBA dollar roll transactions beyond the next settlement date and we could have to take physical delivery of the underlying securities and settle our obligations for cash, which could negatively impact our liquidity position, result in defaults or force us to sell assets under adverse conditions.
Credit Risk
Our credit sensitive investments, such as CRT and non-Agency securities, expose us to the risk of nonpayment of principal, interest or other remuneration we are contractually entitled to. We are also exposed to credit risk in the event our derivative counterparties do not perform under the terms of our derivative agreements or in the event our repurchase agreement counterparties default on their obligations to resell the underlying collateral back to us at the end of the repo term.
We accept credit exposure related to our credit sensitive assets at levels we deem to be prudent within the context of our overall investment strategy. We attempt to manage this risk through prudent asset selection, pre-acquisition due diligence, post-acquisition performance monitoring, and the sale of assets where we identify negative credit trends. We may also manage credit risk with credit default swaps or other financial derivatives that we believe are appropriate. Additionally, we may vary the mix of our interest rate and credit sensitive assets or our duration gap to adjust our credit exposure and/or improve the return profile of our assets, such as when we believe credit performance is inversely correlated with changes in interest rates. Our credit risk related to derivative and repurchase agreement transactions is largely mitigated by limiting our counterparties to major financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings or to registered central clearinghouses and monitoring concentration levels with any one counterparty. We also monitor and adjust the amount of collateral pledged based on changes in market value.
There is no guarantee that our efforts to manage credit risk will be successful and we could suffer losses if credit performance is worse than our expectations or our counterparties default on their obligations. Excluding amounts cleared through a central clearing exchange, as of March 31, 2019, our maximum amount at risk with any counterparty related to our repurchase agreements was less than 4% of our tangible stockholders' equity and less than 1% of tangible stockholders' equity related to our interest rate swap and swaption agreements.

44



Item 4. Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based on the definition of "disclosure controls and procedures" as promulgated under the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
We, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2019. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our "internal control over financial reporting" (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
There have been no material changes to such matters previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
 There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities
None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information
None.



45



Item 6.     Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)    Exhibit Index
Exhibit No.    Description
*3.1    AGNC Investment Corp. Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 (File No. 001-34057), filed May 7, 2018.
*3.2    AGNC Investment Corp. Third Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 (File No. 001-34057), filed November 7, 2016.
*3.3    Certificate of Designations of 7.750% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed May 7, 2014.
*3.4    Certificate of Designations of 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.5 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed August 18, 2017.
*3.5    Certificate of Elimination of 8.000% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K (File No 001-34057), filed October 26, 2017.
*3.6    Certificate of Designations of 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.5 of Form 8-A (File No 001-34057), filed March 6, 2019.
*4.1    Instruments defining the rights of holders of securities: See Article IV of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 (File No. 001-34057) filed May 7, 2018.
*4.2    Instruments defining the rights of holders of securities: See Article VI of our Third Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 (File No. 001-34057) filed November 7, 2016.
*4.3    Form of Certificate for Common Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 (File No. 001-34057), filed November 7, 2016.
*4.4    Specimen 7.750% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed May 7, 2014.
*4.5    Specimen 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed August 18, 2017.
*4.6    Specimen 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed March 6, 2019.
*4.7Deposit Agreement relating to 7.750% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated May 8, 2014, among American Capital Agency Corp., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057), filed May 8, 2014.
*4.8    Form of Depositary Receipt representing 1/1,000th of a share of 7.750% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (included as part of Exhibit 4.7), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057), filed May 8, 2014.
*4.9Deposit Agreement relating to 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated August 22, 2017, among AGNC Investment Corp., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed August 22, 2017.
*4.10    Form of Depositary Receipt representing 1/1,000th of a share of 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (included as part of Exhibit 4.9), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed August 22, 2017.

46



*4.11    Deposit Agreement relating to 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated March 6, 2019, among AGNC Investment Corp., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed March 6, 2019.
*4.12Form of Depositary Receipt representing 1/1,000th of a share of 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (included as part of Exhibit 4.11), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed March 6, 2019.
† 10    Form of AGNC Investment Corp. 2016 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Non-Employee Directors, filed herewith.
31.1    Certification of CEO Pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2    Certification of CFO Pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32    Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS**
The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document
101.SCH**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
________________________________
*    Previously filed
**
This exhibit is being furnished rather than filed, and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing, in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

(b)
Exhibits
    
See the exhibits filed herewith.
 
(c)
Additional financial statement schedules
 
None.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/    GARY D. KAIN
 
 
 
 
Gary D. Kain
Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Investment Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date:
May 3, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/    BERNICE E. BELL
 
 
 
 
Bernice E. Bell
Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
Date:
May 3, 2019
 
 
 


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