Unassociated Document


SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 

 
FORM 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2011
 
OR
 
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from                      to                     
 
Commission File Number: 0-21393


 
SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


 
Delaware
04-3197974
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(IRS Employer Identification No.)
 
50 Nagog Park, Acton, MA 01720
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (978) 897-0100
 


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES   x     NO   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    YES  x     NO   ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer  ¨
Accelerated filer  x
   
Non-accelerated filer  ¨
Smaller reporting company  ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.): YES ¨ NO x
 
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock on September 2, 2011 was 32,202,522.
 
 
 

 

SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL, INC.
 
Table of Contents
 
     
Page
       
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
   
       
Item 1.
Unaudited Financial Statements
   
       
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets at July 31, 2011 and January 31, 2011
 
3
       
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010
 
4
       
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010
 
5
       
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
6-18
       
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
18-34
       
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
35
       
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
 
35
 
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
       
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
 
36
       
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
 
36
       
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
36
       
Item 6.
Exhibits
 
37
     
SIGNATURES
 
38

 
2

 

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1. Financial Statements
 
SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
   
July 31,
   
January 31,
 
   
2011
   
2011
 
    (unaudited)        
Assets
 
  
       
Current assets:
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 85,757     $ 73,145  
Restricted cash
    1,200       1,332  
Marketable securities
    8,355       7,340  
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $954 and $995, respectively
    32,088       48,843  
Unbilled receivables
    7,216       5,644  
Inventories, net
    14,580       14,393  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    7,002       7,148  
Deferred tax assets
    3,201       3,775  
Total current assets
    159,399       161,620  
Property and equipment, net
    35,256       36,381  
Marketable securities, long-term
    2,590       4,379  
Investments in affiliates
    3,052       2,913  
Intangible assets, net
    28,308       30,306  
Goodwill
    67,417       65,273  
Other assets
    2,023       2,163  
Deferred tax assets, long-term
    2,201       2,156  
Total assets
  $ 300,246     $ 305,191  
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
               
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable
  $ 7,396     $ 11,249  
Other accrued expenses
    15,710       16,528  
Customer deposits
    3,028       3,993  
Deferred revenues
    32,392       37,039  
Deferred tax liabilities
    167       183  
Total current liabilities
    58,693       68,992  
Deferred revenue, long-term
    5,812       6,930  
Other liabilities, long-term
    8,234       11,231  
Distribution and losses in excess of investment
    1,315       1,161  
Taxes payable, long-term
    3,062       3,013  
Deferred tax liabilities, long-term
    4,996       4,722  
Total liabilities
    82,112       96,049  
                 
Stockholders Equity:
               
Convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding
           
Common stock, $0.01 par value;100,000,000 shares authorized; 32,166,288 and 31,876,815 shares issued; 32,126,504 and 31,837,031 shares outstanding, respectively
    323       319  
Additional paid-in capital
    212,166       207,121  
Treasury stock, at cost 39,784 common shares
    (1 )     (1 )
Accumulated earnings
    10,925       10,521  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (5,279 )     (8,818 )
Total stockholders’ equity
    218,134       209,142  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 300,246     $ 305,191  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
3

 

SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)

   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
July 31,
   
July 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
Revenues:
                       
Products
  $ 17,618     $ 21,981     $ 36,603     $ 46,615  
Services
    32,472       29,655       65,547       59,610  
Total revenues
    50,090       51,636       102,150       106,225  
Cost of revenues:
                               
Products
    6,005       9,105       12,981       18,783  
Services
    19,304       17,672       39,504       35,205  
Total cost of revenues
    25,309       26,777       52,485       53,988  
Gross profit
    24,781       24,859       49,665       52,237  
Operating expenses:
                               
Research and development
    10,961       12,217       22,028       25,781  
Selling and marketing
    5,561       6,205       12,913       12,589  
General and administrative
    6,115       5,176       12,607       11,977  
Amortization of intangibles
    1,160       838       1,985       1,707  
Restructuring
    227       198       227       4,509  
Total operating expenses
    24,024       24,634       49,760       56,563  
Income (loss) from operations
    757       225       (95 )     (4,326 )
Gain on sale of investment in affiliate
    -       -       -       25,188  
Other income (expense), net
    144       139       519       (430 )
Income before income taxes and equity (loss) income in earnings of affiliates
    901       364       424       20,432  
Income tax provision (benefit)
    40       (3,301 )     41       (3,643 )
Equity (loss) income in earnings of affiliates, net of tax
    (74 )     (131 )     20       (245 )
Net income
  $ 787     $ 3,534     $ 403     $ 23,830  
Income earnings per share:
                               
Basic
  $ 0.02     $ 0.11     $ 0.01     $ 0.76  
Diluted
  $ 0.02     $ 0.11     $ 0.01     $ 0.75  
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
                               
Basic
    32,080       31,456       32,008       31,364  
Diluted
    32,684       32,018       32,549       31,864  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
4

 

SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 (in thousands)
(unaudited)

   
Six Months Ended
 
   
July 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
           
Net income
  $ 403     $ 23,830  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation
    3,837       4,030  
Amortization of intangibles and capitalized software
    3,118       2,645  
Inventory valuation charge
    268       262  
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable
    (41 )     (4 )
Discounts earned and amortization of premiums on marketable securities
    23       33  
Equity loss in earnings of affiliates
    (20 )     245  
Gain on sale of investment in affiliate
    -       (25,188 )
Stock-based compensation expense
    2,446       847  
Deferred income taxes
    3,707       (5,583 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
Accounts receivable
    14,752       8,901  
Unbilled receivables
    (366 )     (555 )
Inventories
    (414 )     1,626  
Prepaid expenses and other assets
    (1,876 )     16  
Accounts payable
    (5,834 )     (4,407 )
Accrued expenses
    1,116       1,505  
Customer deposits
    (965 )     (1,911 )
Deferred revenues
    (6,259 )     (531 )
Other
    569       (92 )
Net cash provided by operating activities
    14,464       5,669  
Cash flows from investing activities:
               
Purchases of property and equipment
    (1,500 )     (2,584 )
Purchases of marketable securities
    (7,406 )     (6,247 )
Proceeds from sale and maturity of marketable securities
    8,102       3,185  
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired
    -       (9,538 )
Payments of contingent consideration
    (3,257 )     (1,500 )
Gross proceeds from sale of investment in affiliate
    -       34,086  
Release of restricted cash
    136       (65 )
Net cash (used) provided by investing activities
    (3,925 )     17,337  
Cash flows from financing activities:
               
Purchases of treasury stock
    -       (1,435 )
Proceeds from issuance of common stock relating to the stock plans
    1,769       2,264  
Net cash provided by financing activities
    1,769       829  
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    304       (286 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    12,612       23,549  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    73,145       37,647  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 85,757     $ 61,196  
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow activities:
               
Income taxes paid
  $ 138     $ 2,726  
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities:
               
Transfer of items originally classified as inventories to equipment
  $ 457     $ 1,127  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 
5

 

SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
 
1. Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SeaChange International, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“SeaChange” or the “Company”) in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial reports and the instructions for Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared under generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such regulations. However, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s most recently audited financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2011. In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial statements include all adjustments necessary to present a fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements for the periods shown. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods. The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from management’s estimates. The only significant changes in our accounting policies during the three and six months ended July 31, 2011, as compared to the significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2011 are related to the adoption of the new accounting guidance regarding multiple element arrangements as described in footnote 2.
 
2. Change in Significant Accounting Policies
 
SeaChange’s transactions frequently involve the sale of hardware, software, systems and services in multiple element arrangements. Revenues from sales of hardware, software and systems that do not require significant modification or customization of the underlying software are recognized when title and risk of loss has passed to the customer, there is evidence of an arrangement, fees are fixed or determinable and collection of the related receivable is considered probable. Customers are billed for installation, training, project management and at least one year of product maintenance and technical support at the time of the product sale. Revenue from these activities are deferred at the time of the product sale and recognized ratably over the period these services are performed. Revenue from ongoing product maintenance and technical support agreements are recognized ratably over the period of the related agreements. Revenue from software development contracts that include significant modification or customization, including software product enhancements, is recognized based on the percentage of completion contract accounting method using labor efforts expended in relation to estimates of total labor efforts to complete the contract. Accounting for contract amendments and customer change orders are included in contract accounting when executed. Revenue from shipping and handling costs and other out-of-pocket expenses reimbursed by customers are included in revenues and cost of revenues. SeaChange’s share of intercompany profits associated with sales and services provided to affiliated companies are eliminated in consolidation in proportion to our equity ownership.

The Company has historically applied the software revenue recognition rules as prescribed by Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Subtopic 985-605. In October 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) Number 2009-14, “Certain Revenue Arrangements That Include Software Elements,” which amended ASC Subtopic 985-605. This ASU removes tangible products containing software components and non-software components that function together to deliver the product’s essential functionality from the scope of the software revenue recognition rules. In the case of the Company’s hardware products with embedded software, the Company has determined that the hardware and software components function together to deliver the product’s essential functionality, and therefore, the revenue from the sale of these products no longer falls within the scope of the software revenue recognition rules. Revenue from the sale of software-only products remains within the scope of the software revenue recognition rules. Maintenance and support, training, consulting, and installation services no longer fall within the scope of the software revenue recognition rules, except when they are sold with and relate to a software-only product. Revenue recognition for products that no longer fall under the scope of the software revenue recognition rules is similar to that for other tangible products and ASU Number 2009-13, “Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements,” which amended ASC Topic 605 and was also issued in October 2009, is applicable for multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements. ASU 2009-13 allows companies to allocate revenue in a multiple-deliverable arrangement in a manner that better reflects the transaction’s economics. ASU 2009-13 and 2009-14 are effective for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified in the Company’s fiscal year 2012.

 
6

 
 
Under the software revenue recognition rules, the fee is allocated to the various elements based on Vendor Specific Objective Evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value. Under this method, the total arrangement value is allocated first to undelivered elements, based on their fair values, with the remainder being allocated to the delivered elements. Where fair value of undelivered service elements has not been established, the total arrangement value is recognized over the period during which the services are performed. The amounts allocated to undelivered elements, which may include project management, training, installation, maintenance and technical support and certain hardware and software components, are based upon the price charged when these elements are sold separately and unaccompanied by the other elements. The amount allocated to installation, training and project management revenue is based upon standard hourly billing rates and the estimated time required to complete the service. These services are not essential to the functionality of systems as these services do not alter the equipment’s capabilities, are available from other vendors and the systems are standard products. For multiple element arrangements that include software development with significant modification or customization and systems sales where vendor-specific objective evidence of the fair value does not exist for the undelivered elements of the arrangement (other than maintenance and technical support), percentage of completion accounting is applied for revenue recognition purposes to the entire arrangement with the exception of maintenance and technical support. All multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements negotiated prior to February 1, 2011 and the sale of all software-only products and associated services have been accounted for under this guidance during the six months ended July 31, 2011.
 
Under the revenue recognition rules for tangible products as amended by ASU 2009-13, the fee from a multiple-deliverable arrangement is allocated to each of the deliverables based upon their relative selling prices as determined by a selling-price hierarchy. A deliverable in an arrangement qualifies as a separate unit of accounting if the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. A delivered item that does not qualify as a separate unit of accounting is combined with the other undelivered items in the arrangement and revenue is recognized for those combined deliverables as a single unit of accounting. The selling price used for each deliverable is based upon VSOE if available, third-party evidence (TPE) if VSOE is not available, and best estimate of selling price (BESP) if neither VSOE nor TPE are available. TPE is the price of the Company’s or any competitor’s largely interchangeable products or services in stand-alone sales to similarly situated customers. BESP is the price at which the Company would sell the deliverable if it were sold regularly on a stand-alone basis, considering market conditions and entity-specific factors. All multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements negotiated after February 1, 2011, excluding the sale of all software-only products and associated services, have been accounted for under this guidance during the six months ended July 31, 2011.
 
The selling prices used in the relative selling price allocation method for certain of the Company’s services are based upon VSOE. The selling prices used in the relative selling price allocation method for third-party products from other vendors are based upon TPE. The selling prices used in the relative selling price allocation method for the Company’s hardware products, software, subscriptions, and customized services for which VSOE does not exist are based upon BESP. The Company does not believe TPE exists for these products and services because they are differentiated from competing products and services in terms of functionality and performance and there are no competing products or services that are largely interchangeable. Management establishes BESP with consideration for market conditions, such as the impact of competition and geographic considerations, and entity-specific factors, such as the cost of the product, discounts provided and profit objectives. Management believes that BESP is reflective of reasonable pricing of that deliverable as if priced on a stand-alone basis.
 
Since all of the Company’s revenue prior to the adoption of ASU 2009-14 fell within the scope of the software revenue recognition rules and the Company has only established VSOE for services, revenue in a multiple-deliverable arrangement involving products was frequently deferred until the last item was delivered. The adoption of ASU 2009-13 and 2009-14 has resulted in earlier revenue recognition in multiple-deliverable arrangements involving the Company’s hardware products with embedded software because revenue can be recognized for each of these deliverables based upon their relative selling prices as defined above. In the three and six months ended July 31, 2011, revenue was $1.1 million and $1.7 million higher than it would have been if ASU 2009-13 and 2009-14 had not been adopted. The revenue impact by segment was an increase of $800,000 and $1.3 million in the Software segment for the three and six months ended July 31, 2011. The revenue impact in the Servers and Storage segment was an increase of $300,000 and $400,000 for the three and six months ended July 31, 2011.
 
3. Fair Value Measurements
 
The Company determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. SeaChange’s investment portfolio consists of money market funds, corporate debt investments, asset-backed securities, government-sponsored enterprises, and state and municipal obligations. All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased are considered to be cash equivalents. All cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. SeaChange’s marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity are computed under the effective interest method and are included in interest income. Interest on securities is recorded as earned and is also included in interest income. Any realized gains or losses would be shown in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations in other income or expense. The Company provides fair value measurement disclosures of its available for sale securities in accordance with one of three levels of fair value measurement.
 
 
7

 
 
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. A fair value hierarchy enables the reader of the financial statements to assess the inputs used to develop fair value measurements by establishing a hierarchy for ranking the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Assets and liabilities carried at fair value will be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable market based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of July 31, 2011 are as follows:

   
July 31,
   
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
   
2011
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
         
(in thousands)
 
Financial assets:
                       
Money market accounts (a)
  $ 7,400     $ 7,400     $ -     $ -  
U.S. government agency issues (a)
    10,945       8,453       2,492       -  
Total assets
  $ 18,345     $ 15,853     $ 2,492     $ -  
                                 
Other liabilities:
                               
Acquisition-related consideration (b)
  $ 11,702     $ -     $ -     $ 11,702  

(a)
Money market funds and US government agency securities, included in cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying balance sheet, are valued at quoted market prices for identical instruments in active markets.
(b)
The fair value of our contingent consideration arrangement is determined based on the Company’s evaluation as to the probability and amount of any earn-out that will be achieved based on expected future performance by the acquired entity, as well as the fair value of fixed purchase price.
 
The following tables set forth a reconciliation of assets and liabilities transferred from Level 1 to Level 2. Investments are transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 when there is no active market price quoted within five business days of July 31, 2011:
 
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
 
   
Marketable Securities
   
Marketable Securities
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Beginning balance January 31, 2011
  $ 7,963     $ 3,756  
Purchases
    4,912       2,492  
Sales/Maturities
    (5,443 )     (2,735 )
Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2
    1,021       (1,021 )
Ending balance July 31, 2011
  $ 8,453     $ 2,492  

 
8

 
 
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis with the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended July 31, 2011:

   
Level 3
 
   
Accrued Contingent
 
   
Consideration
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Beginning balance April 30, 2011
  $ 12,154  
Change in fair value of contingent consideration
    52  
Contingency payment
    (257 )
Translation adjustment
    (247 )
Ending balance July 31, 2011
  $ 11,702  
 
The following is a summary of available for sale securities:
 
   
Cost
   
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   
Estimated
Fair Value
 
   
(in thousands)
 
July 31, 2011:
                       
Cash
  $ 78,357     $ -     $ -     $ 78,357  
Cash equivalents
    7,400       -       -       7,400  
Cash and cash equivalents
    85,757       -       -       85,757  
US government agency issues
    8,255       100       -       8,355  
                                 
US government agency issues
                               
Marketable securities—long-term
    2,577       13       -       2,590  
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities
  $ 96,589     $ 113     $ -     $ 96,702  
                                 
January 31, 2011:
                               
Cash
  $ 66,539     $ -     $ -     $ 66,539  
Cash equivalents
    6,606       -       -       6,606  
Cash and cash equivalents
    73,145       -       -       73,145  
US government agency issues
    7,245       95       -       7,340  
                                 
US government agency issues
    4,308       71       -       4,379  
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities
  $ 84,698     $ 166     $ -     $ 84,864  
 
The following is a schedule of the contractual maturities of available-for- sale investments:

   
July 31,
   
January 31,
 
   
2011
   
2011
 
    (in thousands)  
Investment Maturities:
 
  
 
Less than 1 year
  $ 8,355     $ 7,340  
One to three years
    2,590       4,379  
    $ 10,945     $ 11,719  
 
4. Inventories
 
Inventory consists primarily of hardware and related component parts and is stated at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out basis) or market. Inventories consist of the following:

 
9

 

   
July 31,
   
January 31,
 
   
2011
   
2011
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Components and assemblies
  $ 8,332     $ 8,158  
Finished products
    6,248       6,235  
Total inventory, net
  $ 14,580     $ 14,393  
 
5. Investments in Affiliates
 
On Demand Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG
 
On February 27, 2007, the On Demand Group Limited (“ODG”), a wholly-owned U.K. subsidiary of SeaChange, entered into an agreement with Tele-Munchen Fernseh GmbH & Co. Produktionsgesellschaft (TMG) to create a joint venture named On Demand Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG. On Demand Deutschland specializes in establishing on-demand and pay-per-view services on multiple platforms in German-speaking Europe. ODG contributed $2.8 million to acquire its 50% ownership interest in the joint venture of which $2.6 million consisted of the fair value of customer contracts and content license agreements contributed by ODG and $154,000 represented a cash contribution. The customer contracts and licensed content had no book value. SeaChange determined that this investment is an operating joint venture and does not require consolidation. Consequently, SeaChange accounts for this investment under the equity method of accounting.
 
ODG’s original investment in the joint venture was recorded at $154,000 representing the US dollar equivalent of the initial cash contribution. The difference between the book and fair value of the customer contracts and content license agreements is being accreted over the expected five year life of the contracts and recorded as a gain and an increase in the investment. This gain will be partially offset by ODG’s 50% share of the joint venture’s amortization expense over the same period related to the acquired contracts and content license agreements. ODG also recorded a net payable amount to the joint venture of $337,000 as of the joint venture formation date reflecting the transfer of net liabilities incurred by ODG related to the joint venture as well as the joint venture’s reimbursement of previously incurred costs by ODG of $787,000 related to joint venture activities prior to its formation. Consistent with authoritative guidance regarding non-monetary transactions, ODG did not record other income in connection with the reimbursement of these costs or any other gains as ODG is deemed to have a commitment to support the operations of the joint venture. ODG treated the reimbursement and other gain for a total of $869,000 as a capital distribution in excess of the carrying value of its investment in the joint venture. This capital distribution is being accreted over the expected five year life of the customer contracts and recorded as a gain and an increase in the investment in the joint venture.
 
ODG entered into a Service Agreement with the joint venture whereby ODG provides content aggregation, distribution, marketing and administration services to the joint venture under an arm’s length fee structure. In the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, ODG recorded revenues of approximately $545,000 and $402,000, respectively, related to the Service Agreement. In the six months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, ODG recorded revenues of approximately $942,000 and $799,000, respectively, related to the Service Agreement. ODG’s share of profits from this agreement in proportion to its equity ownership interest is eliminated in consolidation.
 
The Shareholder’s Agreement requires both ODG and TMG to provide cash contributions up to $4.2 million upon the request of the joint venture’s management and approval by the shareholders of the joint venture. To date, the Company has contributed $1.6 million as required per the shareholders agreement.
 
ODG recorded its proportionate share of the joint venture’s losses of $74,000 and $131,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010. ODG recorded its proportionate share of the joint venture’s gains of $20,000 for the six months ended July 31, 2011 and losses of $245,000 for the six months July 31, 2010. Due to the contribution of assets by ODG to the joint venture and ODG’s share of the joint venture’s net loss exceeding the book value of its investment in the joint venture, the investment is recorded as a long-term liability of $1.3 million as of July 31, 2011 and $1.2 million as of January 31, 2011.
 
6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 
Goodwill
 
Goodwill allocated to the Company’s reportable segments and changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the first six months of fiscal 2012 were as follows:

 
10

 

   
Goodwill
 
   
Software
   
Servers & Storage
   
Media Services
   
Total
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Balance at January 31, 2011
  $ 45,097     $ 754     $ 19,422     $ 65,273  
Reallocation of Broadcast software
    (1,267 )     1,267       -       -  
Cumulative translation adjustment
    1,442       -       702       2,144  
Balance at July 31, 2011
  $ 45,272     $ 2,021     $ 20,124     $ 67,417  
 
The Company performs its annual impairment testing of goodwill on August 1, which will be completed during our third fiscal quarter of 2012, associated with its three reporting units. As of July 31, 2011, the Company considered possible impairment triggering events since the last impairment test such as comparing its market capitalization relative to the carrying value of its net assets. The Company concluded that there were no triggering events that would indicate a potential impairment of goodwill or other intangibles.
 
The goodwill reallocation shown in the table relates to the reclassification of the Broadcast software solutions from the Software segment to the Servers and Storage segment effective on February 1, 2011. The goodwill was allocated based on a relative fair value approach using management estimates of fair value of the Broadcast software solutions product line. No impairment was recorded as a result of the change in segments.
 
Intangible Assets
 
Intangible assets consisted of the following:
 
         
July 31, 2011
   
January 31, 2011
 
   
Weighted
average
remaining
life (Years)
   
Gross
   
Accumulated
Amortization
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Accumulated
Amortization
   
Net
 
         
(in thousands)
   
(in thousands)
 
Finite-lived intangible assets:
                                         
Customer contracts
    6.1     $ 35,427     $ (15,890 )   $ 19,537     $ 34,576     $ (14,291 )   $ 20,285  
Non-compete agreements
    1.6       2,860       (1,590 )     1,270       2,742       (1,104 )     1,638  
Completed technology
    4.0       12,383       (5,933 )     6,450       11,976       (4,775 )     7,201  
Trademarks and other
    0.5       2,431       (2,156 )     275       2,384       (1,946 )     438  
Total finite-lived intangible assets
          $ 53,101     $ (25,569 )   $ 27,532     $ 51,678     $ (22,116 )   $ 29,562  
Infinite-lived intangible assets:
                                                       
Trade names
 
Infinite
    $ 200     $ -     $ 200     $ 200     $ -     $ 200  
In-process research and development
 
Infinite
      576       -       576       544       -       544  
Total infinite-lived intangible assets
          $ 776     $ -     $ 776     $ 744     $ -     $ 744  
Total intangible assets
          $ 53,877     $ (25,569 )   $ 28,308     $ 52,422     $ (22,116 )   $ 30,306  
 
Estimated future amortization expenses related to the above intangible assets at July 31, 2011 are as follows:
 
Fiscal Year
 
(in thousands)
 
2012 (for the remaining six months ending January 31, 2012)
  $ 3,038  
2013
    5,985  
2014
    4,803  
2015
    4,452  
2016 and thereafter
    9,254  
Total
  $ 27,532  
 
 
11

 
 
7. Commitments and Contingencies
 
ARRIS Litigation
 
On July 31, 2009, ARRIS Group, Inc. (“ARRIS”) filed a contempt motion in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware against SeaChange International relating to U.S. Patent No 5,805,804 (the “804 patent”), a patent in which ARRIS has an ownership interest.  In its motion, ARRIS is seeking further patent royalties and the enforcement of the permanent injunction entered by the Court on April 6, 2006 against certain SeaChange products.  On August 3, 2009, SeaChange filed a complaint seeking a declaratory judgment from the Court that its products do not infringe the ‘804 patent and asserting certain equitable defenses.  On June 4, 2010, the Court entered an Order staying the declaratory judgment action pending resolution of the contempt proceeding.  On September 2, 2011, the Court entered an Order in which it concluded that a contempt proceeding is the appropriate procedure for resolving the parties’ dispute and that further factual and legal determinations would be necessary.  The Order made no determinations as to liability.  No schedule has been set by the Court for the additional proceedings.
 
Indemnification and Warranties
 
SeaChange provides indemnification, to the extent permitted by law, to its officers, directors, employees and agents for liabilities arising from certain events or occurrences while the officer, director, employee, or agent is or was serving at SeaChange’s request in such capacity. With respect to acquisitions, SeaChange provides indemnification to or assumes indemnification obligations for the current and former directors, officers and employees of the acquired companies in accordance with the acquired companies’ bylaws and charter. As a matter of practice, SeaChange has maintained directors' and officers’ liability insurance including coverage for directors and officers of acquired companies.
 
SeaChange enters into agreements in the ordinary course of business with customers, resellers, distributors, integrators and suppliers. Most of these agreements require SeaChange to defend and/or indemnify the other party against intellectual property infringement claims brought by a third party with respect to SeaChange’s products. From time to time, SeaChange also indemnifies customers and business partners for damages, losses and liabilities they may suffer or incur relating to personal injury, personal property damage, product liability, and environmental claims relating to the use of SeaChange’s products and services or resulting from the acts or omissions of SeaChange, its employees, authorized agents or subcontractors. For example, SeaChange has received requests from several of its customers for indemnification of patent litigation claims asserted by Acacia Media Technologies, USA Video Technology Corporation, Multimedia Patent Trust, Microsoft Corporation, VTran Media Technologies and Active Video. Management performed an analysis of these requests, evaluating whether any potential losses were probable and estimable.
 
SeaChange warrants that its products, including software products, will substantially perform in accordance with its standard published specifications in effect at the time of delivery. Most warranties have at least a one year duration that generally commence upon installation. In addition, SeaChange provides maintenance support to customers and therefore allocates a portion of the product purchase price to the initial warranty period and recognizes revenue on a straight line basis over that warranty period related to both the warranty obligation and the maintenance support agreement. When SeaChange receives revenue for extended warranties beyond the standard duration, it is deferred and recognized on a straight line basis over the contract period. Related costs are expensed as incurred.
 
In the ordinary course of business, SeaChange provides minimum purchase guarantees to certain of its vendors to ensure continuity of supply against the market demand. Although some of these guarantees provide penalties for cancellations and/or modifications to the purchase commitments as the market demand decreases, most of the guarantees do not. Therefore, as the market demand decreases, SeaChange re-evaluates the accounting implications of guarantees and determines what charges, if any, should be recorded.
 
With respect to its agreements covering product, business or entity divestitures and acquisitions, SeaChange provides certain representations and warranties and agrees to indemnify and hold such purchasers harmless against breaches of such representations, warranties and covenants. With respect to its acquisitions, SeaChange may, from time to time, assume the liability for certain events or occurrences that took place prior to the date of acquisition.
 
SeaChange provides such guarantees and indemnification obligations after considering the economics of the transaction and other factors including, but not limited to, the liquidity and credit risk of the other party in the transaction. SeaChange believes that the likelihood is remote that any such arrangement could have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operation or liquidity. SeaChange records liabilities, as disclosed above, for such guarantees based on the Company’s best estimate of probable losses which considers amounts recoverable under any recourse provisions.

 
12

 
 
8. Restructuring
 
During the second quarter ended July 31, 2011, the Company took further actions to lower its cost structure as it strives to improve its financial performance.
 
The severance amounts reported as a component of accrued liabilities on the Balance Sheet as of July 31, 2011 were as follows:
(in thousands)
 
Severance
 
Accrual balance as of January 31, 2011
  $ 408  
Severence charges accrued
  $ 227  
Severance costs paid
    (622 )
Accrual balance as of July 31, 2011
  $ 13  
 
9. Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Incentive Plans
 
2011 Stock Plan.
 
On July 20, 2011 the stockholders of SeaChange approved the adoption of SeaChange’s 2011 Compensation and Incentive Plan under which 2.8 million shares of common stock were authorized and terminated the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation and Incentive Plan. The 2011 Compensation and Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and other equity based non stock option awards as determined by the plan administrator for the purchase of up to an aggregate of 2,800,000 shares of SeaChange’s common stock by officers, employees, consultants and directors of SeaChange. The Company may satisfy awards upon the exercise of stock options or restricted stock units with newly issued shares or treasury shares. The Board of Directors is responsible for the administration of the 2011 Plan and determining the term of each award, award exercise price, number of shares for which each award is granted and the rate at which each award is exercisable.
 
Option awards may be granted to employees at an exercise price per share of not less than 100% of the fair market value per common share on the date of the grant. Restricted stock units and other equity-based non-stock option awards may be granted to any officer, employee, director or consultant at a purchase price per share as determined by the Board of Directors. Awards granted under the 2011 Plan generally vest over three years and expire seven years from the date of the grant.
 
Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date at the fair value of the award and is recognized over the employee’s requisite service period. The following table presents total stock-based compensation included in the Consolidated Statement of Income:
 
   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
July 31,
   
July 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(in thousands)
   
(in thousands)
 
Cost of revenues
  $ 89     $ 53     $ 240     $ 120  
Research and development
    95       96       320       231  
Selling and marketing
    287       93       713       198  
General and administrative
    431       105       1,173       296  
Total stock-based compensation
  $ 902     $ 347     $ 2,446     $ 845  
 
10. Treasury Stock
 
On May 26, 2010, SeaChange’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $20.0 million of its common stock, par value $.01 per share, through a share repurchase program. As authorized by the program, shares may be purchased in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions in a manner consistent with applicable securities laws and regulations, including pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan maintained by the Company. This share repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any specific number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. All repurchases are expected to be funded from the Company’s current cash and investment balances. The timing and amount of the shares to be repurchased will be based on market conditions and other factors, including price, corporate and regulatory requirements and alternative investment opportunities. The repurchase program terminates on January 31, 2012. There were no stock repurchases during the three months or six months ended July 31, 2011.

 
13

 
 
11. Segment Information
 
The Company is managed and operated as three segments, Software, Servers and Storage, and Media Services. Effective February 1, 2011, the Company realigned its segments by reclassifying the Broadcast software solutions from the Software segment to the Servers and Storage segment. The Company believes the Broadcast software product line is better aligned with the Servers and Storage segment and therefore made the decision in the first quarter of fiscal 2012 to have this product line managed by the Servers and Storage Business Unit Manager. The Segment data for the three and six months ended July 31, 2011 have been recast to reflect the reclassification of the Broadcast software solutions to Servers and Storage. The reclassification of the Broadcast software solutions resulted in a recast of $2.7 million and $4.1 million of revenue for the three and six months ended July 31, 2010, respectively, and did not have a material impact to the income from operations for the Software segment and Servers and Storage segments for the three and six months ended July 31, 2010. A description of the three reporting segments is as follows:
 
 
·
Software segment includes product revenues from the Company’s Advertising, VOD, Middleware, Home Networking and related services such as professional services, installation, training, project management, product maintenance, technical support and software development for those software products, and operating expenses relating to the Software segment such as research and development, selling and marketing and amortization of intangibles.
 
·
Servers and Storage segment includes product revenues from VOD server, Broadcast server and software solutions and related services such as professional services, installation, training, project management, product maintenance, and technical support for those products and operating expenses relating to the Servers and Storage segment, such as research and development and selling and marketing.
 
·
Media Services segment includes the operations of our ODG subsidiary, which include content acquisition and preparation services for television and wireless service providers and related operating expenses.
 
Under this reporting structure, the Company further determined that there are significant functions, and therefore costs, that are considered corporate expenses and are not allocated to the reportable segments for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. These unallocated costs include general and administrative expenses, other than direct general and administrative expenses related to Media Services and Software, other income (expense), net, taxes and equity losses in earnings of affiliates, which are managed separately at the corporate level. The basis of the assumptions for all such revenues, costs and expenses includes significant judgments and estimations. There are no inter-segment revenues for the periods shown below. The Company does not separately track all assets by operating segments nor are the segments evaluated under this criterion.

 
14

 
 
   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
July 31,
   
July 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
 
 
(in thousands)
   
(in thousands)
 
Software                        
Revenue:
                       
Products
  $ 13,963     $ 12,923     $ 28,177     $ 33,048  
Services
    20,631       18,621       41,948       38,577  
Total revenue
    34,594       31,544       70,125       71,625  
Gross profit
    19,899       17,442       40,324       39,528  
Operating expenses:
                               
Research and development
    9,136       9,144       18,206       19,313  
Selling and marketing
    4,689       3,853       10,907       8,181  
General and administrative
    542       339       959       515  
Amortization of intangibles
    1,125       769       1,915       1,566  
Restructuring
    79       190       79       535  
      15,571       14,295       32,066       30,110  
Income from operations
  $ 4,328     $ 3,147     $ 8,258     $ 9,418  
                                 
Servers and Storage
                               
Revenue:
                               
Products
  $ 3,655     $ 9,058     $ 8,426     $ 13,566  
Services
    4,072       3,903       6,923       7,534  
Total revenue
    7,727       12,961       15,349       21,100  
Gross profit
    3,765       5,804       6,926       9,488  
Operating expenses:
                               
Research and development
    1,824       3,073       3,821       6,468  
Selling and marketing
    872       2,352       2,006       4,408  
Restructuring
    148       8       148       3,064  
      2,844       5,433       5,975       13,940  
Income (loss) from operations
  $ 921     $ 371     $ 951     $ (4,452 )
                                 
Media Services
                               
Service revenue
  $ 7,769     $ 7,131     $ 16,676     $ 13,499  
Gross profit
    1,117       1,612       2,415       3,220  
Operating expenses:
                               
General and administrative
    915       827       1,902       1,706  
Amortization of intangibles
    36       69       71       140  
      951       896       1,973       1,846  
Income from operations
  $ 166     $ 716     $ 442     $ 1,374  
                                 
Unallocated Corporate
                               
Operating expenses:
                               
General and administrative
    4,658     $ 4,009     $ 9,746     $ 9,755  
Restructuring
    -       -       -       911  
Total unallocated corporate expenses
  $ 4,658     $ 4,009     $ 9,746     $ 10,666  
                                 
Consolidated income (loss) from operations
  $ 757     $ 225     $ (95 )   $ (4,326 )

 
15

 
 
The following table summarizes revenues by geographic locations:
 
   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
July 31,
   
July 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
Amount
   
%
   
Amount
   
%
   
Amount
   
%
   
Amount
   
%
 
    (in thousands, except percentages)     (in thousands, except percentages)  
Revenues by customers' geographic locations:
 
  
   
 
 
North America
  $ 26,885       54 %   $ 28,846       56 %   $ 52,823       52 %   $ 62,720       59 %
Europe and Middle East
    19,313       39 %     16,624       32 %     41,151       40 %     30,688       29 %
Latin America
    1,727       3 %     2,346       5 %     3,246       3 %     6,038       6 %
Asia Pacific and other international locations
    2,165       4 %     3,820       7 %     4,930       5 %     6,779       6 %
Total
  $ 50,090             $ 51,636             $ 102,150             $ 106,225          
 
The following summarizes revenues by significant customer where such revenue exceeded 10% of total revenues for the indicated period:
   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
July 31,
   
July 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
Customer A
    22 %     19 %     20 %     27 %
Customer B
    11 %     12 %     11 %     12 %
 
At July 31, 2011, two different customers accounted for approximately 15% and 15%, respectively, of the accounts receivable and unbilled receivables balances, and at January 31, 2011, three customers accounted for 17%, 12% and 11%, respectively, of SeaChange’s accounts receivable and unbilled receivables balances.
 
12. Income Taxes
 
For the three months and six months ended July 31, 2011, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $40,000 and $41,000, respectively, on income before tax of $901,000 and income before tax of  $424,000, respectively. The difference between our forecasted effective tax rate of 16% for fiscal 2012 and the federal statutory rate of 35% is primarily due to the differential in foreign tax rates and the utilization of federal tax credits.
 
For the three and six months ended July 31, 2010, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $3.3 million on income before tax of $364,000 and an income tax benefit of $3.6 million on income before tax of $20.4 million, respectively. For the three months ended July 31, 2010, the income tax benefit was due to the adjustment during the second quarter of fiscal 2011to reflect the lower forecasted profit before tax for the fiscal year 2011. The Company estimates its annual effective tax rate for the year and applies that rate to the year to date profit before tax to determine the quarterly and year to date tax expense or benefit. The income tax benefit recorded for the six months ended July 31, 2010 includes the second quarter benefit resulting from the change in lower forecasted fiscal 2011 profit before tax as well as the benefit in the first quarter associated with the gain on the sale of the Company’s equity investment in Casa Systems, Inc. in the first quarter and the benefit from the decrease of a portion of the valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets due to the Company having met the “more likely than not” realization criteria on its U.S. deferred tax assets as of July 31, 2010.
 
The effective income tax rate is based upon the estimated income for the year, the composition of the income in different countries and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for the potential tax consequences, benefits, resolution of tax audits or other tax contingencies. Our income tax provision or benefit consists of federal, foreign, and state income taxes.

 
16

 
 
13. Comprehensive Income
 
The components of comprehensive income consisted of the following:
 
   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
July 31,
   
July 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(in thousands)
   
(in thousands)
 
Net income
  $ 787     $ 3,534     $ 403     $ 23,830  
Other comprehensive income:
                               
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    (1,450 )     (160 )     3,593       (3,209 )
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax
    (27 )     32       (53 )     (16 )
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
    (1,477 )     (128 )     3,540       (3,225 )
Comprehensive income
  $ (690 )   $ 3,406     $ 3,943     $ 20,605  
 
14. Earnings Per Share
 
Earnings per share present both “basic” earnings per share and “diluted” earnings per share. Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the period. For the purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share, the denominator includes both the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period and the weighted average number of shares of potential common stock, such as stock options and restricted stock units and warrants, calculated using the treasury stock method.
 
For the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, there were 1,414,388 and 2,520,909 shares of common stock equivalents, respectively, which were anti-dilutive based on the Company’s stock price being lower than the option exercise price.
 
For the six months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, there were 1,584,888 and 2,707,525 shares of common stock equivalents, respectively, which were anti-dilutive based on the Company’s stock price being lower than the option exercise price.
 
Below is a summary of the shares used in calculating basic and diluted income per share for the periods indicated:
 
   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
July 31,
   
July 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(in thousands)
   
(in thousands)
 
Weighted average shares used in calculating earnings per share—Basic
    32,080       31,456       32,008       31,364  
Dilutive common stock equivalents
    604       562       541       500  
                                 
Weighted average shares used in calculating earnings per share—Diluted
    32,684       32,018       32,549       31,864  
 
15. Related Party

On September 1, 2009, SeaChange completed its acquisition of eventIS from a holding company in which Erwin van Dommelen, elected President of SeaChange Software in March 2010, has a 31.5% interest. On closing the transaction, SeaChange made cash payments to the holding company totaling $37.0 million and issued $1.1 million of restricted shares. SeaChange is obligated to make additional fixed payments to the holding company of deferred purchase price under the eventIS share purchase agreement, each such payment to be in an aggregate amount of $2.8 million with $1.7 million payable in cash and $1.1 million payable by the issuance of restricted shares of SeaChange common stock, which will vest in equal installments over three years starting on the first anniversary date of the purchase agreement for three years. At the option of the former shareholder of eventIS, up to forty percent of each payment otherwise to be made in restricted stock may be payable in cash on the vesting dates of the restricted shares. On September 1, 2010, the Company paid $1.8 million and issued 75,000 shares (approximate value $615,000) of restricted stock that will vest annually over three years. The remaining $410,000 will be paid out in equal installments on September 1, 2011, 2012, and 2013. Under the earn-out provisions of the share purchase agreement a payment of $340,000 for fiscal 2011 will be paid in fiscal 2012. Additional earn-out payments may be earned over each of the next two years ended January 31, 2012 and 2013 if certain performance goals are met.

 
17

 
 
16. Recently Issued Accounting Standard Updates
 
Fair Value Measurement
 
In May 2011, the FASB issued amended guidance clarifying how to measure and disclose fair value. This guidance amends the application of the “highest and best use” concept to be used only in the measurement of the fair value of nonfinancial assets, clarifies that the measurement of the fair value of equity-classified financial instruments should be performed from the perspective of a market participant who holds the instrument as an asset, clarifies that an entity that manages a group of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of its net risk exposure to those risks can measure those financial instruments on the basis of its net exposure to those risks, and clarifies when premiums and discounts should be taken into account when measuring fair value. The fair value disclosure requirements also were amended. These provisions are effective for reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2011 applied prospectively. Early application is not permitted. The Company is currently reviewing what effect, if any, this new provision will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
ITEM 2.              Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
The following information should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial information and the notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical information, the following discussion and other parts of this Quarterly Report contain forward-looking statements, as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which involve risks and uncertainties. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Actual events or results may differ materially due to competitive factors and other factors referred to in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended January 31, 2011 and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. These factors may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statement.
 
Overview
 
We are a global leader in the delivery of multi-screen video. Our products and services facilitate the aggregation, licensing, storage, management and distribution of video, television programming, and advertising content to cable system operators, telecommunications companies and broadcast television companies.
 
The Company is managed and operated as three segments, Software, Servers and Storage, and Media Services. Effective February 1, 2011, the Company realigned its segments by reclassifying the Broadcast software solutions from the Software segment to the Servers and Storage segment. The Company believes the Broadcast software product line is better aligned with the Servers and Storage segment and therefore made the decision in the first quarter of fiscal 2012 to have this product line managed by the Servers and Storage Business Unit Manager. The Segment data for the three and six months ended July 31, 2010 has been recast to reflect the reclassification of the Broadcast software solutions to Servers and Storage. The reclassification of the Broadcast software solutions resulted in a recast of $2.7 million and $4.1 million of revenue for the three and six months ended July 31, 2010, respectively, and did not have a material impact to the income from operations for the Software segment and Servers and Storage segments for the three and six months ended July 31, 2010. A description of the three reporting segments is as follows:
 
 
·
Software segment includes product revenues from the Company’s Advertising, VOD, Middleware, Home Networking and related services such as professional services, installation, training, project management, product maintenance, technical support and software development for those software products, and operating expenses relating to the Software segment such as research and development, selling and marketing and amortization of intangibles.
 
·
Servers and Storage segment includes product revenues from VOD servers, Broadcast server and software solutions and related services such as professional services, installation, training, project management, product maintenance, and technical support for those products and operating expenses relating to the Servers and Storage segment, such as research and development and selling and marketing.
 
·
Media Services segment includes the operations of our ODG subsidiary, which include content acquisition and preparation services for television and wireless service providers and related operating expenses.
 
Under this reporting structure, the Company further determined that there are significant functions, and therefore costs, that are considered corporate expenses and are not allocated to the reportable segments for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. These unallocated costs include general and administrative expenses, other than direct general and administrative expenses related to Media Services and Software, other income (expense), net, taxes and equity losses in earnings of affiliates, which are managed separately at the corporate level. The basis of the assumptions for all such revenues, costs and expenses includes significant judgments and estimations. There are no inter-segment revenues for the periods shown below. The Company does not separately track all assets by operating segments nor are the segments evaluated under this criterion.

 
18

 
 
We have experienced fluctuations in our product revenues from quarter to quarter due to the timing of the receipt of customer orders and the shipment of those orders. The factors that impact the timing of the receipt of customer orders include among other factors:
 
 
the customer’s receipt of authorized signatures on their purchase orders;
 
 
the budgetary approvals within the customer’s company for capital purchases; and
 
 
the ability to process the purchase order within the customer’s organization in a timely manner.
 
Factors that may impact the shipment of customer orders include:
 
 
the availability of material to produce the product;
 
 
the time required to produce and test the product before delivery; and
 
 
the customer’s required delivery date.
 
The delay in the timing of receipt and shipment of any one customer order can result in significant fluctuations in our revenue reported on a quarterly basis.
 
Our operating results are significantly influenced by a number of factors, including the mix of products sold and services provided, pricing, costs of materials used in our products, and the expansion of our operations during the fiscal year. We price our products and services based upon our costs and consideration of the prices of competitive products and services in the marketplace. The costs of our products primarily consist of the costs of components and subassemblies that have generally declined from product introduction to product maturity. As a result of the growth of our business, our operating expenses have historically increased in the areas of research and development, selling and marketing, and administration. In the current state of the economy, we currently expect that customers may still have limited capital spending budgets as we believe they are dependent on subscriber and advertising revenues to fund their capital equipment purchases. Accordingly, we expect our financial results to vary from quarter to quarter and our historical financial results are not necessarily indicative of future performance. In light of the higher proportion of our international business, we expect movements in foreign exchange rates to have a greater impact on our financial condition and results of operations in the future.
 
Our ability to continue to generate revenues within the markets that our products are sold and to generate cash from operations and net income is dependent on several factors which include:
 
 
market acceptance of the products and services offered by our customers and increased subscriber usage and demand for these products and services;
 
 
selection by our customers of our products and services versus the products and services being offered by our competitors;
 
 
our ability to introduce new products to the market in a timely manner and to meet the demands of the market for new products and product enhancements;
 
 
our ability to maintain gross margins from the sale of our products and services at a level that will provide us with cash to fund our operations given the pricing pressures within the market and the costs of materials to manufacture our products;
 
 
our ability to control operating costs given the fluctuations that we have experienced with revenues from quarter to quarter; and
 
 
our ability to successfully integrate businesses acquired by us, including eventIS, Mobix Interactive, and VividLogic.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
SeaChange’s transactions frequently involve the sales of hardware, software, systems and services in multiple element arrangements. Revenues from sales of hardware, software and systems that do not require significant modification or customization of the underlying software are recognized when title and risk of loss has passed to the customer, there is evidence of an arrangement, fees are fixed or determinable and collection of the related receivable is considered probable. Customers are billed for installation, training, project management and at least one year of product maintenance and technical support at the time of the product sale. Revenue from these activities are deferred at the time of the product sale and recognized ratably over the period these services are performed. Revenue from ongoing product maintenance and technical support agreements are recognized ratably over the period of the related agreements. Revenue from software development contracts that include significant modification or customization, including software product enhancements, is recognized based on the percentage of completion contract accounting method using labor efforts expended in relation to estimates of total labor efforts to complete the contract. Accounting for contract amendments and customer change orders are included in contract accounting when executed. Revenue from shipping and handling costs and other out-of-pocket expenses reimbursed by customers are included in revenues and cost of revenues. SeaChange’s share of intercompany profits associated with sales and services provided to affiliated companies are eliminated in consolidation in proportion to our equity ownership

 
19

 

The Company has historically applied the software revenue recognition rules as prescribed by Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Subtopic 985-605. In October 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) Number 2009-14, “Certain Revenue Arrangements That Include Software Elements,” which amended ASC Subtopic 985-605. This ASU removes tangible products containing software components and non-software components that function together to deliver the product’s essential functionality from the scope of the software revenue recognition rules. In the case of the Company’s hardware products with embedded software, the Company has determined that the hardware and software components function together to deliver the product’s essential functionality, and therefore, the revenue from the sale of these products no longer falls within the scope of the software revenue recognition rules. Revenue from the sale of software-only products remains within the scope of the software revenue recognition rules. Maintenance and support, training, consulting, and installation services no longer fall within the scope of the software revenue recognition rules, except when they are sold with and relate to a software-only product. Revenue recognition for products that no longer fall under the scope of the software revenue recognition rules is similar to that for other tangible products and ASU Number 2009-13, “Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements,” which amended ASC Topic 605 and was also issued in October 2009, is applicable for multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements. ASU 2009-13 allows companies to allocate revenue in a multiple-deliverable arrangement in a manner that better reflects the transaction’s economics. ASU 2009-13 and 2009-14 are effective for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified in the Company’s fiscal year 2012.
 
Under the software revenue recognition rules, the fee is allocated to the various elements based on VSOE of fair value. Under this method, the total arrangement value is allocated first to undelivered elements, based on their fair values, with the remainder being allocated to the delivered elements. Where fair value of undelivered service elements has not been established, the total arrangement value is recognized over the period during which the services are performed. The amounts allocated to undelivered elements, which may include project management, training, installation, maintenance and technical support and certain hardware and software components, are based upon the price charged when these elements are sold separately and unaccompanied by the other elements. The amount allocated to installation, training and project management revenue is based upon standard hourly billing rates and the estimated time required to complete the service. These services are not essential to the functionality of systems as these services do not alter the equipment’s capabilities, are available from other vendors and the systems are standard products. For multiple element arrangements that include software development with significant modification or customization and systems sales where vendor-specific objective evidence of the fair value does not exist for the undelivered elements of the arrangement (other than maintenance and technical support), percentage of completion accounting is applied for revenue recognition purposes to the entire arrangement with the exception of maintenance and technical support. All multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements negotiated prior to February 1, 2011 and the sale of all software-only products and associated services have been accounted for under this guidance during the three and six months ended July 31, 2011.
 
Under the revenue recognition rules for tangible products as amended by ASU 2009-13, the fee from a multiple-deliverable arrangement is allocated to each of the deliverables based upon their relative selling prices as determined by a selling-price hierarchy. A deliverable in an arrangement qualifies as a separate unit of accounting if the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. A delivered item that does not qualify as a separate unit of accounting is combined with the other undelivered items in the arrangement and revenue is recognized for those combined deliverables as a single unit of accounting. The selling price used for each deliverable is based upon VSOE if available, third-party evidence (TPE) if VSOE is not available, and best estimate of selling price (BESP) if neither VSOE nor TPE are available. TPE is the price of the Company’s or any competitor’s largely interchangeable products or services in stand-alone sales to similarly situated customers. BESP is the price at which the Company would sell the deliverable if it were sold regularly on a stand-alone basis, considering market conditions and entity-specific factors. All multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements negotiated after February 1, 2011, excluding the sale of all software-only products and associated services, have been accounted for under this guidance during the three and six months ended July 31, 2011.
 
The selling prices used in the relative selling price allocation method for certain of the Company’s services are based upon VSOE. The selling prices used in the relative selling price allocation method for third-party products from other vendors are based upon TPE. The selling prices used in the relative selling price allocation method for the Company’s hardware products, software, subscriptions, and customized services for which VSOE does not exist are based upon BESP. The Company does not believe TPE exists for these products and services because they are differentiated from competing products and services in terms of functionality and performance and there are no competing products or services that are largely interchangeable. Management establishes BESP with consideration for market conditions, such as the impact of competition and geographic considerations, and entity-specific factors, such as the cost of the product, discounts provided and profit objectives. Management believes that BESP is reflective of reasonable pricing of that deliverable as if priced on a stand-alone basis.

 
20

 
 
Since all of the Company’s revenue prior to the adoption of ASU 2009-14 fell within the scope of the software revenue recognition rules and the Company has only established VSOE for services, revenue in a multiple-deliverable arrangement involving products was frequently deferred until the last item was delivered. The adoption of ASU 2009-13 and 2009-14 has resulted in earlier revenue recognition in multiple-deliverable arrangements involving the Company’s hardware products with embedded software because revenue can be recognized for each of these deliverables based upon their relative selling prices as defined above. In the three and six months ended July 31, 2011, revenue was $1.1 million and $1.7 million, respectively, higher than it would have been if ASU 2009-13 and 2009-14 had not been adopted. The revenue impact by segment was an increase of $800,000 and $1.3 million for the three and six months ended July 31, 2011 for the Software segment. The revenue impact was an increase of $300,000 and $400,000 million for the three and six months ended July 31, 2011 in the Servers and Storage segment.
 
Three Months Ended July 31, 2011 Compared to the Three Months Ended July 31, 2010
 
The following table sets forth statement of operations data for the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010.
 
   
Three Months Ended
 
   
July 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Revenues:
           
Products
  $ 17,618     $ 21,981  
Services
    32,472       29,655  
      50,090       51,636  
                 
Costs and expenses:
               
Cost of product revenues
    6,005       9,105  
Cost of services revenues
    19,304       17,672  
Research and development
    10,961       12,217  
Selling and marketing
    5,561       6,205  
General and administrative
    6,115       5,176  
Amortization of intangibles
    1,160       838  
Restructuring
    227       198  
Income from operations
    757       225  
Other income, net
    144       139  
Income  before income taxes and equity loss in earnings of affiliates
    901       364  
Income tax provision (benefit)
    40       (3,301 )
Equity loss in earnings of affiliates, net of tax
    (74 )     (131 )
Net income
  $ 787     $ 3,534  
 
Revenues
 
The following table summarizes information about the Company’s reportable segment revenues for the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010.

 
21

 
 

   
Three Months Ended
       
   
July 31,
       
   
2011
   
2010
   
%
 
   
(in thousands, except for percentage data)
 
Software revenues:
                 
Products
  $ 13,963     $ 12,923       8 %
Services
    20,631       18,621       11 %
Total Software revenues
    34,594       31,544       10 %
                         
Servers and Storage revenues:
                       
Products
    3,655       9,058       (60 )%
Services
    4,072       3,903       4 %
Total Servers and Storage revenues
    7,727       12,961       (40 )%
                         
Media Services revenues:
                       
Services
    7,769       7,131       9 %
                         
Total consolidated revenue:
                       
Products
    17,618       21,981       (20 )%
Services
    32,472       29,655       9 %
Total consolidated revenues
  $ 50,090     $ 51,636       (3 )%
 
Product Revenues. Product revenues decreased 20% to $17.6 million in the three months ended July 31, 2011 from $22.0 million in the three months ended July 31, 2010. Product revenues from the Software segment accounted for 79% and 59% of the total product revenues for the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The Servers and Storage segment accounted for 21% and 41% of total product revenues in the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The decrease in Product revenues compared to the second quarter ending July 31, 2010 was due to lower shipments of VOD servers and lower Broadcast server and software products which were partially offset by higher VOD software revenues from European customers and higher Advertising software product revenues. In addition, the decrease in Product revenues was also due to a portion of middleware revenues from Virgin Media being recorded as service revenues during the three and six months ended July 31, 2011, while recorded entirely as product revenue in prior periods. In previous years, the agreement with Virgin Media provided for licensing rights and specified enhancements to the software and therefore only the associated revenues were classified as product revenues. However, the agreement in the first quarter of fiscal 2012 provided for software licensing rights and software maintenance services, and was accordingly recorded as service revenues.
 
Services Revenues. Services revenues increased 9% year over year to $32.5 million in the three months ended July 31, 2011 from $29.7 million in the three months ended July 31, 2010. For the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, services revenues for the Software segment accounted for 64% and 63%, respectively, of the total services revenue. Servers and Storage services revenues accounted for 13% and 13% of total services revenue and Media Services revenues accounted for 23% and 24% of total services revenues in the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The increase in Service revenues compared to the three months ended July 31, 2010 was due to the reclassification of a portion of middleware revenues from Virgin Media from product revenues to Service revenues as noted previously, and increased Media Services contract revenues from customers in France and Serbia.
 
For the three months ended July 31, 2011, two customers accounted for more than 33% of our total revenues, and two customers accounted for more than 31% of our total revenues for the three months ended July 31, 2010. Revenue from each of these customers was included in revenue from the Software, Servers and Storage, and Media Services segments. We believe that a significant amount of our revenues will continue to be derived from a limited number of customers.
 
International sales accounted for approximately 49% and 51% of total revenues in the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. With the acquisition of eventIS, headquartered in the Netherlands, and continued growth in our Media Services business at ODG, we expect that international products and services revenues will be a significant portion of our business in the future.
 
Software Revenues. Revenues from our Software segment for the three months ended July 31, 2011 increased $3.1 million, or a 10% increase compared to the three months ended July 31, 2010. The increase in Software revenues was due to higher VOD software revenues from our European customers and higher Advertising product revenues from North American service providers.
 
 
22

 
 
Servers and Storage Revenues. Revenues from the Servers and Storage segment for the three months ended July 31, 2011 decreased $5.3 million or 40% compared to the three months ended July 31, 2010. The decrease in Servers and Storage revenues was due to lower shipments of VOD servers to North American customers and lower Broadcast product shipments to customers in Europe and Asia Pacific.
 
Media Services. Revenues from Media Services increased by approximately $600,000 to $7.8 million in the three months ended July 31, 2011 compared to the three months ended July 31, 2010. The increase in revenue was due primarily to increased content processing revenues customers in France and Serbia.
 
Product Gross Profit. Costs of product revenues consist primarily of the cost of purchased material components and subassemblies, labor and overhead relating to the final assembly and testing of complete systems and related expenses. The gross profit percentage for products increased to 66% for the three months ended July 31, 2011 from 59% for the three months ended July 31, 2010. The seven point increase in product margin was due to a greater mix of higher margin Advertising product revenues combined with increased licensing revenues from eventIS.
 
Services Gross Profit. Cost of services revenues consist primarily of labor, materials and overhead relating to the installation, training, product maintenance and technical support, software development, and project management provided by us and costs associated with providing video content services. The gross profit percentage for services of 41% were relatively flat for the three months ended July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010.
 
Software Revenues Gross Profit. Software segment gross margin of 58% for the three months ended July 31, 2011 was three percentage points higher compared to the three months ended July 31, 2010. The increase in Software gross margin was primarily due to a greater mix of higher margin Advertising and eventIS software product revenues in the second quarter of fiscal 2012 compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2011.
 
Servers and Storage Gross Profit. Servers and Storage segment gross margin of 49% for the three months ended July 31, 2011 was four points higher than for the three months ended July 31, 2010 due to greater proportion of higher margin VOD server maintenance revenues and lower Broadcast server revenues which typically carry lower margins.
 
Media Services Gross Profit. Media Services segment gross margin of 14% for the three months ended July 31, 2011 was nine percentage points lower than the gross margin for the three months ended July 31, 2010 due to higher headcount-related costs and increased content costs to support new customer contracts in Latin America and Eastern Europe.
 
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of the compensation of development personnel, depreciation of development and test equipment and an allocation of related facilities expenses. Research and development expenses decreased to $11.0 million, or 22% of total revenues, in the three months ended July 31, 2011, from $12.2 million or 23% of total revenues, in the three months ended July 31, 2010. The decrease year over year is primarily due to lower Servers and Storage and Software segment domestic headcount-related costs, partially offset by increased Software segment headcount-related costs in the Philippines and at eventIS.
 
Selling and Marketing. Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of compensation expenses, including sales commissions, travel expenses and certain promotional expenses. Selling and marketing expenses decreased from $6.2 million, or 12% of total revenues, in the three months ended July 31, 2010, to $5.6 million, or 11% of total revenues, in the three months ended July 31, 2011. The decrease compared to the three months ended July 31, 2010 was primarily due to lower commission expense resulting from lower product revenues.
 
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of the compensation of executive, finance, human resource and administrative personnel, legal and accounting services and an allocation of related facilities expenses. In the three months ended July 31, 2011, general and administrative expenses increased to $ 6.1 million, or 12% of total revenues, from $5.2 million, or 10% of total revenues, in the three months ended July 31, 2010. The increase in general and administrative expense is due to higher legal and professional fees associated with the Company’s review of strategic alternatives.
 
Amortization of intangible assets. Amortization expense consists of the amortization of acquired intangible assets which are operating expenses and not considered costs of revenues. In the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, amortization expense was $1.2 million and $838,000, respectively. Additional amortization expense of $598,000 and $459,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, related to acquired technology that was charged to cost of sales.
 
 
23

 
 
Restructuring. During the second quarter of fiscal 2012, the Company continued to take actions to lower its cost structure as it strives to improve its financial performance and incurred restructuring charges totaling $227,000 related to severance costs primarily in manufacturing.
 
Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense), net was $144,000 of income in the three months ended July 31, 2011, compared to $139,000 of income in the three months ended July 31, 2010. The $144,000 of income for the three months ended July 31, 2011 was comprised primarily of interest income. The $139,000 of income for the three months ended July 31, 2010 was comprised of $100,000 of interest income, a $429,000 insurance settlement resulting from the purchase of the ODG building, offset by $256,000 of foreign exchange losses and $138,000 of expense due to the change of the fair value of contingent consideration.
 
Equity Income (Loss) in Earnings of Affiliates. Equity loss in earnings of affiliates was $74,000 and $131,000 in the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. For the three months ended July 31, 2011, $221,000 of equity loss was recognized from On Demand Deutschland, offset by $147,000 in accreted gains related to customer contracts and content licensing agreements and a capital distribution related to reimbursement of previously incurred costs. For the three months ended July 31, 2010, the equity loss related to On Demand Deutschland of $266,000 was partially offset by $135,000 in accreted gains related to customer contracts and content licensing agreements and a capital distribution related to reimbursement of previously incurred costs.
 
Income Tax Provision. For the three months ended July 31, 2011, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $40,000 on profit before tax of $901,000. The difference between our forecasted effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate of 35% was primarily due to the differential in foreign tax rates and the utilization of U.S. tax credits. The effective income tax rate is based upon the estimated income for the year, the composition of the income in different countries and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for the potential tax consequences, benefits, resolution of tax audits or other tax contingencies.
 
Non-GAAP Measures. As part of our ongoing review of financial information related to our business, we regularly use non-GAAP measures, in particular, adjusted non-GAAP earnings per share, as we believe they provide a meaningful insight into our business and trends. We also believe that these adjusted non-GAAP measures provide readers of our financial statements with useful information and insight with respect to the results of our business. However, the presentation of adjusted non-GAAP information is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Below are tables for the three months ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively:
  
   
Three Months Ended
   
Three Months Ended
 
   
July 31, 2011
   
July 31, 2010
 
   
GAAP
   
Adjustment
   
Non-GAAP
   
GAAP
   
Adjustment
   
Non-GAAP
 
   
(in thousands except share data)
   
(in thousands except share data)
 
Revenues
  $ 50,090     $ 7     $ 50,097     $ 51,636     $ 1,286     $ 52,922  
                                                 
Operating expenses
    24,024               24,024       24,634               24,634  
Stock-based compensation
    -       902       902       -       347       347  
Amortization of intangible assets
    -       1,774       1,774       -       1,297       1,297  
Restructuring
    -       227       227       -       198       198  
Strategic alternatives related costs
            603       603       -       -       -  
      24,024       3,506       20,518       24,634       1,842       22,792  
                                                 
Income from operations
    757       3,513       4,270       225       3,128       3,353  
                                                 
Other income, net
    144       52       196       139       110       249  
                                                 
Income tax expense (benefit) impact
    40       590       630       (3,301 )     3,609       308  
                                                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 787     $ 2,975     $ 3,762     $ 3,534     $ (371 )   $ 3,163  
Diluted income (loss) per share
  $ 0.02     $ 0.10     $ 0.12     $ 0.11     $ (0.01 )   $ 0.10  
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
    32,684       32,684       32,684       32,018       32,018       32,018  
 
 
24

 
 
In managing and reviewing our business performance, we exclude a number of items required by GAAP. Management believes that excluding these items, mentioned below, is useful in understanding trends and managing our operations. We believe it is useful for investors to understand the effects of these items on our total operating expenses. Our non-GAAP financial measures include adjustments based on the following items, as well as the related income tax effects and adjustments to the valuation allowance.
 
Revenue. Business combination accounting rules require us to account for the fair value of customer contracts assumed in connection with our acquisitions. Because customer contracts may take up to 18 months to complete, our GAAP revenues subsequent to these acquisitions do not reflect the full amount of software revenues on assumed customer contracts that would have otherwise been recorded by eventIS Group B.V. and VividLogic, Inc. We believe this adjustment is useful to investors as a measure of the ongoing performance of our business because we have historically experienced high renewal rates on similar customer contracts, although we cannot be certain that customers will renew these contracts.
 
Stock-based compensation expenses. We have excluded the effect of stock-based compensation and stock-based payroll expenses from our non-GAAP operating expenses and net income measures. Although stock-based compensation is a key incentive offered to our employees, we continue to evaluate our business performance excluding stock-based compensation expenses. Stock-based compensation expenses will recur in future periods.
 
   
Three Months Ended
 
   
July 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Cost of revenues
  $ 89     $ 53  
Research and development
    95       96  
Selling and marketing
    287       93  
General and administrative
    431       105  
Total stock-based compensation
  $ 902     $ 347  
 
Amortization of intangible assets. We have excluded the effect of amortization of intangible assets from our non-GAAP operating expenses and net income measures. Amortization of intangibles is inconsistent in amount and frequency and is significantly affected by the timing and size of our acquisitions.
 
   
Three Months Ended
 
   
July 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Cost of revenues
  $ 614     $ 459  
Operating expenses
    1,160       838