Amendment No. 3 to Form S-4
Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 19, 2005

Registration No. 333-119694


 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 


 

AMENDMENT NO. 3

TO

FORM S-4

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933


MARATHON OIL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   2911   25-0996816

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation or

organization)

 

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

 

5555 San Felipe Road

Houston, Texas 77056-2723

(713) 629-6600

(Address, including zip code, and telephone

number, including area code, of registrant’s

principal executive offices)

 

William F. Schwind, Jr., Esq.

Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

5555 San Felipe Road

Houston, Texas 77056-2723

(713) 629-6600

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone

number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

Copies to:

 

Ted W. Paris, Esq.

Baker Botts L.L.P.

910 Louisiana

One Shell Plaza

Houston, Texas 77002

(713) 229-1234

 

David L. Hausrath, Esq.

Ashland Inc.

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard

P.O. Box 391

Covington, Kentucky 41012

(859) 815-3333

 

Susan Webster, Esq.

James C. Woolery, Esq.

Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP

Worldwide Plaza

825 Eighth Avenue

New York, New York 10019

(212) 474-1000

 


 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective and all other conditions under the Master Agreement included as Annex A to the enclosed proxy statement/prospectus (the “Master Agreement”) have been satisfied or waived.

 

If the securities being registered on this Form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, check the following box. ¨

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

 


 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 



Table of Contents

PRELIMINARY DRAFT—SUBJECT TO COMPLETION

 

THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IT IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.

 

LOGO

   LOGO

Ashland Inc.

   Marathon Oil Corporation

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard, P.O. Box 391

   5555 San Felipe Road

Covington, KY 41012-0391

   Houston, TX 77056-2723

 

                    , 2005

 

To the shareholders of Ashland Inc.:

 

Ashland Inc. and Marathon Oil Corporation have entered into an agreement under which Ashland will transfer its interest in Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC, or “MAP”, its maleic anhydride business and 60 Valvoline Instant Oil Change Centers in Michigan and northwest Ohio to a wholly owned subsidiary of Marathon. As a result of the transactions, Ashland shareholders will receive (i) shares of Marathon common stock with a total value of $915 million in exchange for the shares of Ashland common stock they currently own and (ii) shares of common stock of a successor corporation to Ashland, which we refer to as “New Ashland.” New Ashland will receive redemption proceeds from MAP of approximately $900 million in cash and MAP accounts receivable plus an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions, and Marathon will effectively assume approximately $1.9 billion of new debt to be incurred to provide for retirement of outstanding indebtedness of Ashland and payments in connection with other financial obligations. Therefore, Ashland will receive approximately $2.8 billion in total consideration plus an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions. The transactions and the transaction agreements will require the approval of Ashland’s shareholders. Ashland has called a special meeting of shareholders on                 , 2005, at          at                 , to vote on the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

As part of the transactions, Ashland will merge with and into one of its subsidiaries. If Ashland shareholders approve the transactions and the transaction agreements and the transactions are subsequently completed, the existing businesses of Ashland other than those to be transferred to Marathon’s subsidiary will be owned by New Ashland, the successor to Ashland through a series of mergers, and New Ashland will be a publicly traded company owned by Ashland shareholders. The management and board of directors of Ashland will continue as the management and board of directors of New Ashland. Ashland common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange under the symbol “ASH,” and, following the closing of the transactions, Ashland expects that New Ashland common stock will be traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange under the same symbol. As part of the transactions, the name of New Ashland will be changed to “Ashland Inc.”

 

If the transactions and the transaction agreements are approved and the transactions are subsequently completed, for each share of Ashland common stock you own, you will receive one share of New Ashland common stock. In addition, you will be entitled to receive shares of Marathon common stock with a value of approximately $         per Ashland share based on the number of Ashland shares currently outstanding. The Marathon common stock to be received by Ashland shareholders will have a total value of $915 million.

 

The transactions have been structured to be generally tax-free to Ashland shareholders and tax-efficient to Ashland. Ashland and Marathon have entered into a closing agreement with the Internal Revenue Service with respect to various tax consequences of the transactions.


Table of Contents

The Ashland board of directors has carefully reviewed and considered the terms and conditions of the transactions and has unanimously determined that the terms of the transactions are fair to and in the best interests of Ashland and its shareholders. The Ashland board of directors has unanimously adopted and approved the transactions and the transaction agreements and unanimously recommends that you vote “FOR” the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

This proxy statement/prospectus describes the transactions and the transaction agreements and provides specific information concerning the special meeting. Ashland and Marathon urge you to read this proxy statement/prospectus, including the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 28, carefully.

 

Your vote is important no matter how many shares you own. Ashland cannot complete the transactions unless the transactions and the transaction agreements are approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of Ashland common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the special meeting. Failure to vote will have the same effect as a vote against the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements. Only holders of record of Ashland common stock at the close of business on     , 2005 are entitled to vote at the special meeting.

 

Whether or not you plan to attend the special meeting, it is important that your shares be represented and voted. Therefore, after reading this proxy statement/prospectus, please complete, sign, date and return your proxy promptly. Voting instructions are inside this proxy statement/prospectus.

 

Thank you for your consideration of this proposal.

 

Sincerely,

 

  

Sincerely,

 

James J. O’Brien    Clarence P. Cazalot, Jr.
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer    President and Chief Executive Officer
Ashland Inc.    Marathon Oil Corporation

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities to be issued in connection with the transactions described herein or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this proxy statement/prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

This proxy statement/prospectus is dated     , 2005, and is being first mailed to Ashland shareholders on or about     , 2005.

 

This document incorporates by reference important business and financial information about Ashland and Marathon from documents that are not included in or delivered with this proxy statement/prospectus. You can obtain documents incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus, except for exhibits to those documents not specifically incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus, by requesting them in writing or by telephone from the appropriate company at the following addresses:

 

ASHLAND INC.

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard, P.O. Box 391

Covington, KY 41012-0391

Attention: Corporate Secretary

(859) 815-3333

 

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION

5555 San Felipe Road

Houston, TX 77056-2723

Attention: Corporate Secretary

(713) 629-6600

 

You will not be charged for any of these documents that you request. Ashland shareholders requesting documents should do so by                     , 2005 in order to receive them before the special meeting.

 

See “WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION” on page 166.


Table of Contents

LOGO

 

ASHLAND INC.

 

NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

TO BE HELD                 , 2005

 

To the shareholders of Ashland Inc.:

 

A special meeting of shareholders of Ashland Inc. will be held on                 , 2005, at         , local time, at                 .

 

The record date for the special meeting is                 , 2005. Only holders of record of Ashland common stock at the close of business on the record date are entitled to attend and vote at the special meeting or any adjournment or postponement of the special meeting. If you are a participant in Ashland’s Employee Savings Plan (the “Employee Savings Plan”) or Leveraged Employee Stock Ownership Plan (the “LESOP”), your vote will constitute voting instructions to the Trustee of the respective plan concerning the shares held in your account.

 

Please vote in person, by telephone, over the Internet or by mailing your proxy card so that your Ashland common stock may be represented at the special meeting. Our proxy tabulator, National City Bank or its agent, must receive all voting instructions to the Trustee of the Employee Savings Plan and the LESOP, whether given by telephone, over the Internet or by mail, before midnight Eastern Daylight Time on                 ,                 , 2005, and all other votes, which are submitted by telephone or over the Internet, before midnight Eastern Daylight Time on                 ,                 , 2005.

 

The purpose of the special meeting is to consider and vote upon the approval of the transactions and transaction agreements described in this proxy statement/prospectus. Pursuant to the transaction agreements, Ashland will transfer its interest in Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC, which we refer to as “MAP,” its maleic anhydride business and 60 Valvoline Instant Oil Change Centers in Michigan and northwest Ohio to a subsidiary of Marathon Oil Corporation. As a result of the transactions, Ashland shareholders will receive (i) shares of Marathon common stock with a total value of $915 million in exchange for the shares of Ashland common stock they currently own and (ii) shares of common stock of a successor corporation to Ashland, which we refer to as “New Ashland.” New Ashland will receive redemption proceeds from MAP of approximately $900 million in cash and MAP accounts receivable plus an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions, and Marathon will effectively assume approximately $1.9 billion of new debt to be incurred to provide for retirement of outstanding indebtedness of Ashland and payments in connection with other financial obligations. Therefore, Ashland will receive approximately $2.8 billion in total consideration plus an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions.

 

As part of the transactions, Ashland will merge with and into one of its subsidiaries. If the transactions and the transaction agreements are approved by Ashland shareholders and the transactions are subsequently completed, the existing businesses of Ashland other than those to be transferred to Marathon will be owned by New Ashland, the successor to Ashland through a series of mergers, and New Ashland will be a publicly traded company owned by Ashland shareholders. As part of the transactions, the name of New Ashland will be changed to “Ashland Inc.”

 

If the transactions and the transaction agreements are approved and the transactions are subsequently completed, for each share of Ashland common stock you own, you will receive one share of New Ashland common stock. In addition, you will be entitled to receive shares of Marathon common stock with a value of approximately $         per Ashland share based on the number of Ashland shares currently outstanding. The Marathon common stock to be received by Ashland shareholders will have a total value of $915 million.

 

Copies of the transaction agreements are attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annexes A, B, C, D and E. The plan of merger providing for Ashland’s merger with one of its subsidiaries as part of the transactions


Table of Contents

is included in the master agreement attached as Annex A. In this proxy statement/prospectus, “master agreement” means the master agreement, as amended, unless the context requires otherwise. The articles of incorporation and by-laws of New Ashland that will be in effect upon the closing of the transactions are attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annexes F and G, respectively.

 

No matters other than the proposal to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements will be brought before the special meeting.

 

Your vote is important no matter how many shares you own. Ashland cannot complete the transactions unless the transactions and the transaction agreements are approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of Ashland common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the special meeting. Failure to vote will have the same effect as a vote against the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

Whether or not you plan to attend the special meeting, it is important that your shares be represented and voted. Therefore, after reading this proxy statement/prospectus, please complete, sign, date and return your proxy promptly. Voting instructions are inside this proxy statement/prospectus. The proxy is revocable and will not affect your right to vote in person if you attend the special meeting. If you have any questions about voting your shares by proxy, please call our proxy solicitor, Georgeson Shareholder Communications, toll-free at 1-(888)-264-7028.

 

The Ashland board of directors has unanimously adopted and approved the transactions and the transaction agreements and unanimously recommends that you vote “FOR” the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

Please do not send any common stock certificates at this time. If the transactions are completed, you will be sent instructions regarding the exchange of your common stock certificates.

 

Ashland shareholders who do not vote in favor of approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements have the right under Kentucky law to assert dissenters’ rights and to demand and receive in cash the fair value of their shares pursuant to Subtitle 13 of the Kentucky Business Corporation Act. A copy of the provisions of Kentucky law that grant dissenters’ rights and specify the required procedures for asserting dissenters’ rights is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex H.

 

By Order of the Ashland Inc.

Board of Directors,

 

David L. Hausrath
Secretary

        , 2005

Covington, Kentucky


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page

Questions and Answers About the Transactions

   1

Summary

   9

The Companies

   9

The Transactions

   11

The Special Meeting

   12

Recommendation of the Ashland Board of Directors

   13

Ashland’s Reasons for the Transactions

   13

Marathon’s Reasons for the Transactions

   13

Opinion of Ashland’s Financial Advisor

   13

Opinions of American Appraisal Associates, Inc.

   14

Opinion of Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin Financial Advisors, Inc.

   14

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences

   14

Regulatory Matters

   15

Accounting Treatment

   15

Rights of Dissenting Shareholders

   16

Use of Proceeds

   16

Existing MAP Agreements

   16

Interests of Directors and Executive Officers of Ashland

   17

Treatment of Ashland Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights

   17

Stock Exchange Listing of New Ashland Common Stock; Delisting and Deregistration of Ashland Common Stock

   17

Stock Exchange Listing of Marathon Common Stock

   18

The Master Agreement

   18

The Tax Matters Agreement

   19

Assignment and Assumption Agreements

   19

Other Agreements

   21

Comparison of Rights of Holders of Common Stock

   21

Dividend Policies

   21

Selected Historical Financial Data of Ashland

   22

Selected Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Data of New Ashland

   23

Selected Historical Financial Data of Marathon

   24

Selected Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Data of Marathon

   25

Comparative Per Share Information

   25

Comparative Per Share Market Price and Dividend Information

   27

Risk Factors

   28

Risks Related to the Transactions

   28

Regulatory agencies may prevent the closing of the transactions by failing to give required approvals or may delay or impose conditions on the closing of the transactions, which may diminish the anticipated benefits of the transactions.

   28

Failure to close the transactions could have an adverse impact on Ashland’s stock price.

   28

Ashland could incur material U.S. Federal income tax liabilities in connection with the transactions, which would reduce New Ashland’s cash flows and profitability and could impair its financial condition.

   28

If Ashland does not receive consent to the transactions from holders of the requisite amount of each series of its public debt, Ashland may have a right to terminate the transactions which could have an adverse impact on Ashland’s stock price.

   29

If Ashland is required or elects to proceed with the transactions, it may be determined to have violated, or may be unable to comply with, certain restrictions in the terms of its public debt which could result in significant additional costs and adversely impact Ashland’s ability to obtain future financing.

   29

 

i


Table of Contents
     Page

New Ashland’s creditors or their representatives could challenge the transactions as a fraudulent transfer or conveyance under certain circumstances. If the transactions were found to be a fraudulent transfer or conveyance, Marathon might be required to provide additional consideration to New Ashland or to return to New Ashland a portion of the interest in
MAP, and either of those results could cause the trading price of Marathon’s common stock, including the shares to be issued in the transactions, to decline materially.

   30

The master agreement contains provisions that may discourage companies from trying to acquire Ashland in an acquisition that might result in greater value to Ashland shareholders than the transactions or that an Ashland shareholder may consider in his or her best interest, which could have an adverse impact on Ashland’s stock price.

   31

Risks Related to New Ashland and its Business

   31

New Ashland has no operating history as an independent company and will not have access to the cash flow from the businesses transferred to Marathon, which could adversely impact New Ashland’s revenues and operating results.

   31

The actual financial position and results of operations of New Ashland may differ significantly and adversely from the pro forma amounts reflected in this proxy statement/prospectus.

   31

New Ashland will be responsible for, and have financial exposure to, Ashland’s liabilities from claims alleging personal injury caused by exposure to asbestos, which would reduce New Ashland’s cash flows and profitability and could impair its financial condition.

   31

New Ashland will be responsible for, and have financial exposure to, Ashland’s other liabilities, which would reduce New Ashland’s cash flows and profitability and could impair its financial condition.

   32

New Ashland will have limited use of the proceeds from the partial redemption and the capital contribution to pay dividends or other distributions or complete share repurchases which could have an adverse impact on New Ashland’s stock price.

   32

New Ashland may not be able to successfully use the proceeds of the partial redemption in a value-generating manner which could reduce its future rate of growth, profitability and operating results.

   32

Ashland has incurred and New Ashland will incur substantial operating costs and capital expenditures as a result of environmental and health and safety liabilities and requirements, particularly relating to their chemical businesses, which could reduce New Ashland’s results of operations and profitability.

   32

Several of New Ashland’s businesses are cyclical in nature, and economic downturns or declines in demands for certain durable goods may reduce its profitability and limit its ability to generate revenues.

   33

Adverse changes in prevailing climate or weather may negatively affect the performance of some of New Ashland’s operations, which could reduce New Ashland’s results of operations and profitability.

   33

New Ashland’s financing costs may be higher than Ashland’s financing costs which could adversely impact New Ashland’s ability to obtain future financing on acceptable terms and New Ashland’s results of operations and cash flows.

   33

No prior market exists for New Ashland common stock which could have an adverse impact on New Ashland’s stock price.

   34

New Ashland may issue preferred stock whose terms could adversely affect the voting power or value of its common stock.

   34

Provisions of New Ashland’s articles of incorporation and by-laws, its rights agreement and Kentucky law could deter takeover attempts that some shareholders may consider desirable, which could adversely affect New Ashland’s stock price.

   34

Risks Related to Marathon and its Business

   35

If United States Steel fails to perform any of its material obligations to which Marathon continues to have financial exposure, Marathon could be required to pay those obligations, and any such payment could materially reduce Marathon’s cash flows and profitability and impair its financial condition.

   35

 

ii


Table of Contents
     Page

If the transfer by Marathon’s former parent entity to Marathon of ownership of various assets and operations were held to be a fraudulent conveyance or transfer, United States Steel’s creditors may be able to obtain recovery from Marathon or other relief detrimental to the holders of Marathon common stock, including the shares to be issued in the transactions.

   35

A substantial or extended decline in oil or gas prices would reduce Marathon’s revenue, operating results and future rate of growth.

   36

Estimates of oil and gas reserves depend on many factors and assumptions, including various assumptions that are based on conditions in existence as of the dates of the estimates. Any material changes in those conditions or other factors affecting those assumptions could impair the quantity and value of Marathon’s oil and gas reserves.

   36

If Marathon is unsuccessful in acquiring or finding additional reserves, its future oil and gas production would decline, thereby reducing its cash flows, results of operations and financial condition.

   37

Increases in crude oil prices and environmental regulations may reduce Marathon’s refined product margins.

   37

If Marathon does not compete successfully with those of its competitors that have greater financial and other resources than Marathon does, Marathon’s future operating performance and profitability could materially decline.

   37

Marathon will continue to incur substantial capital expenditures and operating costs as a result of environmental laws and regulations, and, as a result, its profitability could be materially reduced.

   38

Worldwide political and economic developments could damage Marathon’s operations and reduce its profitability materially.

   38

Marathon’s operations are subject to business interruptions and casualty losses, and it does not insure against all potential losses and could be seriously harmed by unexpected liabilities.

   39

Marathon may issue preferred stock whose terms could dilute the voting power or reduce the value of its common stock, including the shares to be issued in the transactions.

   39
References to Additional Information    40

Helpful Information

   41

Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

   42

The Special Meeting

   43

Date, Time and Place

   43

Mailing of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus and Proxy Card

   44

Purpose of the Special Meeting

   44

Recommendation of the Ashland Board of Directors

   44

Record Date; Shares Entitled to Vote; Quorum

   44

Vote Required

   44

Share Ownership of Ashland Directors, Executive Officers and Affiliates

   44

How to Vote

   44

Voting of Proxies

   45

Revocability of Proxies

   46

Solicitation of Proxies

   46

Proxies for Participants in Ashland Plans

   46

The Companies

   47

Ashland Inc.

   47

ATB Holdings Inc.

   48

EXM LLC

   48

New EXM Inc.

   48

Marathon Oil Corporation

   49

Marathon Oil Company

   50

Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC

   50

Marathon Domestic LLC

   50

 

iii


Table of Contents
     Page

The Transactions

   51

Transaction Steps

   51

Background of the Transactions

   55

Recommendation of the Ashland Board of Directors

   62

Ashland’s Reasons for the Transactions

   62

Marathon’s Reasons for the Transactions

   64

Opinion of Ashland’s Financial Advisor

   65

Opinions of American Appraisal Associates, Inc.

   79

Opinion of Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin Financial Advisors, Inc.

   83

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Transactions

   87

Regulatory Matters

   90

Accounting Treatment

   90

Rights of Dissenting Shareholders

   91

Use of Proceeds

   94

Existing MAP Agreements

   94

Effects of the Transactions on Ashland Shareholders

   97

Interests of Directors and Executive Officers of Ashland

   97

Treatment of Ashland Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights

   98

Restrictions on Resales by Affiliates

   98

Stock Exchange Listing of New Ashland Common Stock; Delisting and Deregistration of Ashland Common Stock

   99

Stock Exchange Listing of Marathon Common Stock

   99

Delivery of New Ashland Certificates

   99

Exchange of Ashland Certificates; Treatment of Fractional Shares

   99

The Master Agreement

   101

Transaction Steps

   101

Closing; Effective Time of Mergers

   105

Reorganization Merger Consideration

   105

Distribution

   105

Acquisition Merger Consideration

   105

Delivery of New Ashland Certificates

   105

Exchange of Ashland Certificates; Treatment of Fractional Shares

   106

Representations and Warranties

   106

Covenants and Additional Agreements

   108

Existing MAP Agreements

   110

Conditions to the Closing of the Transactions

   111

Termination; Termination Fees; Effect of Termination

   113

Amendment; Extension; Waiver

   115

Indemnification

   115

Expenses

   116

The Tax Matters Agreement

   116

Indemnification for Taxes

   116

Specified Liability Deductions

   117

Representations and Covenants

   117

Other

   118

Assignment and Assumption Agreements

   118

Other Agreements

   119

Amendment of the Ashland Rights Agreement

   119

Amendments to MAP LLC Agreement

   120

Maleic Anhydride Supply Agreement

   121

Blanket License Agreement

   121

Transition Services Agreement

   122

Description of ATB Holdings Capital Stock

   122

Authorized Capital Stock

   123

Common Stock

   123

 

iv


Table of Contents
     Page

Description of New Ashland Capital Stock

   123

Authorized Capital Stock

   123

Common Stock

   123

Preferred Stock

   124

Preferred Stock Purchase Rights

   124

Certain Provisions of New Ashland’s Articles of Incorporation

   126

Description of Marathon Capital Stock

   128

Common Stock

   128

Preferred Stock

   129

Limitation on Directors’ Liability

   129

Statutory Business Combination Provision

   129

Other Matters

   130

Comparison of Rights of Holders of Common Stock

   132

Liability and Indemnification of Directors

   149

Ashland and New Ashland

   149

ATB Holdings

   150

Marathon

   151

Disclosure of SEC Position on Indemnification for Securities Act Liabilities

   151

Legal Matters

   151

New Ashland Unaudited Condensed Pro Forma Financial Statements

   152

Notes to New Ashland Unaudited Condensed Pro Forma Financial Statements

   156

Marathon Unaudited Condensed Pro Forma Financial Statements

   158

Notes to Marathon Unaudited Condensed Pro Forma Financial Statements

   162

Experts

   165

Other Matters

   165

Future Shareholder Proposals

   165

Where You Can Find More Information

   167

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   F-1

ATB Holdings Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets

   F-2

ATB Holdings Inc. Notes to Consolidated Balance Sheets

   F-3

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   F-4

New EXM Inc. Balance Sheets

   F-5

New EXM Inc. Notes to Balance Sheets

   F-6

 

Annexes

 

A—Master Agreement and Amendment No. 1 to the Master Agreement

B—Amended and Restated Tax Matters Agreement

C—Assignment and Assumption Agreement (Maleic Business)

D—Assignment and Assumption Agreement (VIOC Centers)

E—Amendments No. 2 and No. 3 to Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of MAP

F—Articles of Incorporation of New Ashland

G—By-Laws of New Ashland

H—Sections 271B.13-010 through 271B.13-310 of the Kentucky Business Corporation Act

I—Opinion of Credit Suisse First Boston LLC

J—Opinion of American Appraisal Associates, Inc.

K—Opinion of American Appraisal Associates, Inc.

L—Opinion of American Appraisal Associates, Inc.

M—Opinion of Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin Financial Advisors, Inc.

N—Certificate of Incorporation of ATB Holdings

O—By-Laws of ATB Holdings

 

v


Table of Contents

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE TRANSACTIONS

 

Below are brief answers to frequently asked questions concerning the transactions and the special meeting. These questions and answers do not, and are not intended to, address all of the information that may be important to you. You should read carefully this entire proxy statement/prospectus and the other documents to which we refer you.

 

GENERAL

 

Q: What am I being asked to vote on at the special meeting?

 

A: Ashland Inc.’s shareholders are being asked to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements, under which Ashland and Marathon Oil Corporation (“Marathon”) will complete the transactions. In the transactions, Ashland will transfer its interest in Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC (“MAP”), its maleic anhydride business and 60 Valvoline Instant Oil Change (“VIOC”) centers in Michigan and northwest Ohio to Marathon. As part of the transactions, Ashland will merge with and into one of its subsidiaries. Upon the closing of the transactions, the existing businesses of Ashland (other than the interest in MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers) will be owned by New EXM Inc. (“New Ashland”), the successor to Ashland through a series of mergers. New Ashland will be a publicly traded company owned by the former Ashland shareholders. It will change its name to “Ashland Inc.” as part of the transactions.

 

Q: Why is Ashland proposing the transactions?

 

A: Ashland’s board of directors and executive management believe the transactions, if completed, will provide superior value to all other alternatives available to Ashland with respect to its interest in MAP. Under the terms of the governing documents of MAP, Marathon has an option to purchase Ashland’s interest in MAP at a purchase price equal to the fair market value of the interest plus a 15% premium, and Ashland has an option to sell its interest at a purchase price equal to the fair market value of the interest less a 15% discount (10% to the extent the purchase price is paid in equity securities). The master agreement provides that the parties cannot exercise their respective options unless the master agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms. Ashland had and continues to have no intention of exercising its option to sell its interest in MAP. Therefore, the transactions eliminate the timing and valuation uncertainties should Marathon have exercised its option under the governing documents of MAP and also eliminate these uncertainties should Ashland change its intent with respect to its option. Ashland’s board of directors and executive management considered a variety of factors, including the adverse income tax consequences to Ashland of Marathon’s exercising its option, and, based on those considerations, believe that the transactions are superior to, and will provide more value to Ashland and its shareholders than, a taxable sale of its interest in MAP pursuant to Marathon’s option. In addition, Ashland’s board of directors and executive management believe the transactions complement Ashland’s strategic focus and are another step in Ashland’s strategy of transforming and improving its performance and financial dynamics by focusing on its wholly owned businesses.

 

Q: What will Ashland receive in the transactions?

 

A: Under the terms of the master agreement relating to the transactions, New Ashland will receive approximately $900 million plus an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions payable in a combination of cash and MAP accounts receivable and Marathon will effectively assume approximately $1.9 billion of new debt to be incurred to provide for retirement of outstanding indebtedness of Ashland and payments in connection with other financial obligations. Therefore, Ashland will receive approximately $2.8 billion in total consideration plus an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions.

 

Q: What will I receive in the transactions?

 

A: Upon the closing of the transactions, unless you have validly asserted dissenters’ rights, you will receive one share of New Ashland common stock for each share of Ashland common stock that you own and a number

 

1


Table of Contents

of shares of Marathon common stock equal to the exchange ratio. The exchange ratio will equal $915 million divided by the product of (1) the Fair Market Value and (2) the total number of shares of Ashland common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing. The exchange ratio is designed to provide that Ashland shareholders receive an aggregate number of Marathon shares worth $915 million (or approximately $         per Ashland share based on the number of Ashland shares currently outstanding). “Fair Market Value” means an amount equal to the average of the closing sale prices per share for Marathon common stock on the New York Stock Exchange as reported in The Wall Street Journal, Northeastern Edition, for each of the 20 consecutive trading days ending with the third complete trading day prior to the closing date (not counting the closing date).

 

Q: What vote of Ashland shareholders is required to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements?

 

A: The approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements requires the affirmative vote of shareholders holding a majority of shares of Ashland common stock outstanding on the record date for the special meeting.

 

Q: What is the position of the Ashland board of directors regarding the transactions?

 

A: The Ashland board of directors unanimously recommends that Ashland shareholders vote “FOR” the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

Q: What will my rights as a New Ashland shareholder be after the closing of the transactions?

 

A: The rights of Ashland shareholders with respect to their shares of New Ashland common stock after the closing of the transactions will be substantially similar to their existing rights with respect to their shares of Ashland common stock and will be governed by:

 

    the Kentucky Business Corporation Act;

 

    the articles of incorporation of New Ashland, which, upon the closing of the transactions, will be substantially similar to the third restated articles of incorporation of Ashland; and

 

    the by-laws of New Ashland, which, upon the closing of the transactions, will be substantially similar to the existing by-laws of Ashland.

 

Q: Who will serve as the directors and executive officers of New Ashland after the closing of the transactions?

 

A: The directors and executive officers of Ashland immediately prior to the closing of the transactions are expected to serve as the directors and executive officers, respectively, of New Ashland immediately after the closing of the transactions.

 

Q: What will my rights as a Marathon stockholder be after the closing of the transactions?

 

A: The rights of Ashland shareholders with respect to their shares of Marathon common stock after the closing of the transactions will be governed by:

 

    the Delaware General Corporation Law;

 

    the restated certificate of incorporation of Marathon; and

 

    the by-laws of Marathon.

 

Q: Do Marathon stockholders have to approve the transactions?

 

A: Marathon has advised Ashland that no vote of Marathon stockholders is required or being sought in connection with the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

2


Table of Contents

Q: What are the material U.S. Federal income tax consequences of the transactions?

 

A: We have structured the transactions to be generally tax-free to Ashland shareholders, and tax-efficient to Ashland and New Ashland. The parties have entered into a closing agreement with the Internal Revenue Service with respect to various tax consequences of the transactions. Based on the terms of this closing agreement, it is the opinion of Ashland’s legal advisor, Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, that Ashland shareholders will not recognize any gain or loss for U.S. Federal income tax purposes as a result of the transactions, except for any gain or loss attributable to the receipt of cash in lieu of fractional shares of Marathon common stock. A tax under Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code will be imposed on Marathon and possibly on New Ashland if, as of the date of the closing of the transactions, the fair market value of the New Ashland common stock exceeds Ashland’s tax basis in the New Ashland common stock. That tax basis cannot be determined with precision at this time because it depends, among other things, on the amount of taxable income Ashland generates before the closing of the transactions. In addition, under the closing agreement with the Internal Revenue Service the tax basis of the New Ashland common stock will be reduced by reason of the assumption by New Ashland of certain contingent liabilities of Ashland. Ashland estimates that, based on the number of shares of Ashland common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2005, the basis reduction required by the closing agreement for those contingent liabilities will be approximately $2.34 per share of New Ashland common stock (comprised of $1.29 per share specified in the closing agreement for certain contingent liabilities plus approximately $1.05 per share estimated by Ashland based on the methodology and discount rate specified in the closing agreement for other contingent liabilities). Based on current estimates (including estimates of the basis reduction required by the closing agreement) and the number of shares of Ashland common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2005, Ashland estimates that the tax basis of the New Ashland common stock will be approximately $54.94 per share on the closing date. If on the closing date the value of a share of New Ashland stock exceeds its tax basis of approximately $54.94 (which would correspond to a value of approximately $67.50 per share of Ashland common stock, comprised of approximately $54.94 of New Ashland common stock and approximately $12.56 of Marathon common stock), a tax will be imposed under Section 355(e). The Section 355(e) tax will generally equal such excess multiplied by Ashland’s regular statutory corporate income tax rate. The amount, if any, of tax that will be imposed under Section 355(e) cannot be estimated at this time because it depends on the value of a share of New Ashland common stock on the closing date. Under the tax matters agreement among the parties, Marathon will bear the first portion of the Section 355(e) tax, if any, up to $200 million (which may be increased under certain circumstances), New Ashland will bear the next $175 million of any Section 355(e) tax, and New Ashland and Marathon will each bear 50% of any remaining Section 355(e) tax. The parties’ allocation of responsibility for the Section 355(e) tax should not be viewed as an expression of their expectations regarding the amount of that tax. The material U.S. Federal income tax consequences of the transactions are described in more detail in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Transactions” beginning on page 87. We encourage you to consult your own tax advisors for a full understanding of the tax consequences of the transactions to you, including any applicable Federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences.

 

Q: Are there risks associated with the transactions?

 

A: Yes, there are important risks involved. We encourage you to read carefully and in their entirety the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Risk Factors” and “Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” beginning on pages 28 and 42, respectively.

 

Q: What is Ashland’s intended use of the proceeds it receives from the transactions?

 

A: In accordance with the provisions of the transaction agreements which designate the use of proceeds from specified aspects of the transactions, Ashland intends that (1) New Ashland will use a substantial portion of the proceeds from the transactions to provide for retirement of outstanding indebtedness of Ashland and

 

3


Table of Contents

payments in connection with other financial obligations and (2) New Ashland will use the remainder of those proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include the funding of pension obligations and expanding its business through both internal growth and future business acquisitions.

 

Q: If Ashland’s shareholders approve the transactions and the transaction agreements, are there any conditions to the closing of the transactions?

 

A: Yes, the closing of the transactions is subject to the satisfaction of a number of conditions, which are described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Master Agreement—Conditions to Closing of the Transactions” beginning on page 112.

 

Q: When do you expect the transactions to close?

 

A: We are working to close the transactions as quickly as possible. If Ashland shareholders approve the transactions and the transaction agreements, we expect to close the transactions as soon as possible after the satisfaction of the conditions to the closing of the transactions. Ashland and Marathon have agreed to use their reasonable best efforts to close the transactions by June 30, 2005.

 

Q: Am I entitled to dissenters’ rights?

 

A: Yes, if you do not vote in favor of the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements, you will be entitled to statutory dissenters’ rights if you follow the procedures described in this proxy statement/prospectus to assert your dissenters’ rights. You should read carefully the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions—Rights of Dissenting Shareholders” beginning on page 92 and the copy of the relevant provisions of Kentucky law attached as Annex H to this proxy statement/prospectus for a more complete description of dissenters’ rights and the procedures for asserting your dissenters’ rights.

 

PROCEDURES

 

Q: Who is entitled to vote at the special meeting?

 

A: Ashland shareholders at the close of business on                     , 2005 (the “record date”) are entitled to vote at the special meeting. Each share of Ashland common stock is entitled to one vote. If you are a participant in Ashland’s Employee Savings Plan (the “Employee Savings Plan”) or Leveraged Employee Stock Ownership Plan (the “LESOP”), your vote will constitute voting instructions to the Trustee of the respective plan concerning the shares held in your account.

 

Please vote in person, by telephone, over the Internet or by mailing your proxy card so that your Ashland common stock may be represented at the special meeting. Our proxy tabulator, National City Bank or its agent, must receive all voting instructions to the Trustee of the Employee Savings Plan and the LESOP, whether given by telephone, over the Internet or by mail, before midnight Eastern Daylight Time on                      , 2005, and all other votes, which are submitted by telephone or over the Internet, before midnight Eastern Daylight Time on                     , 2005.

 

Q: Who can attend the special meeting?

 

A: All Ashland shareholders on the record date are invited to attend the special meeting, although seating is limited. If your shares are held in the name of a nominee (e.g., through a bank or broker), you will need to bring a proxy or letter from that nominee that confirms you are the beneficial owner of those shares.

 

Q: What constitutes a quorum?

 

A: As of the record date, 72,984,120 shares of Ashland common stock were outstanding. A majority of these outstanding shares present in person or by proxy is required to constitute a quorum to transact business at the

 

4


Table of Contents

special meeting. If you vote in person, by telephone, over the Internet or by returning a properly executed proxy card, you will be considered a part of the quorum. Abstentions and broker non-votes (when a broker does not have authority to vote on a specific issue) will be treated as present for the purpose of determining a quorum but as votes against the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements because the required vote of Ashland shareholders is based on the number of outstanding shares of Ashland common stock, rather than upon the number of shares actually voted.

 

Q: When will the proxy statement/prospectus and proxy card be mailed to Ashland shareholders?

 

A: This proxy statement/prospectus and the proxy card will be mailed to Ashland shareholders on or about                     , 2005.

 

Q: What should I do now?

 

A: After carefully reading and considering the information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus and the documents to which we refer you, please complete, sign, date and return your proxy card in the enclosed prepaid and addressed envelope so that your shares may be represented at the special meeting of Ashland shareholders. You may also submit your proxy by telephone or over the Internet by following the instructions on your proxy card.

 

Q: Should I send my Ashland common stock certificates now?

 

A: No. Upon the closing of the transactions, you will be sent your New Ashland stock certificates without any further action on your part. In addition, you will be sent a transmittal form with instructions for the surrender of your existing Ashland common stock certificates in exchange for Marathon common stock certificates. Please do not send in your Ashland common stock certificates with your proxy card.

 

Q: What if I do not vote?

 

A: If you fail to either submit a proxy or vote in person, your inaction will have the same effect as a vote against the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements because the required vote of Ashland shareholders is based on the number of outstanding shares of Ashland common stock rather than the number of shares actually voted.

 

Q: How do I vote?

 

A: If your shares are registered in the name of a nominee, follow the instructions provided by your nominee to vote your shares. If your shares are registered in your name:

 

    You may vote in person at the special meeting.

 

    You may vote by telephone. You may vote by telephone regardless of whether you receive your special meeting materials through the mail or over the Internet. Simply follow the instructions on your proxy card or electronic access notification. If you vote by telephone, you should not vote over the Internet or mail in your proxy card.

 

    You may vote over the Internet. You may vote over the Internet regardless of whether you receive your special meeting materials through the mail or over the Internet. Simply follow the instructions on your proxy card or electronic access notification. If you vote over the Internet, you should not vote by telephone or mail in your proxy card.

 

   

You may vote by mail. If you received a proxy card through the mail, simply complete and sign your proxy card and mail it in the enclosed prepaid and addressed envelope. If you mark your voting instructions on the proxy card, your shares will be voted as you instruct. If no voting specification is

 

5


Table of Contents
 

made on your signed and returned proxy card, James J. O’Brien or David L. Hausrath, as proxies named on the proxy card, will vote FOR the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements. If you vote by mail, you should not vote by telephone or over the Internet.

 

If your shares are voted for the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements you will lose your right to exercise dissenters’ rights.

 

Q: If my shares are held in street name by my broker, will my broker automatically vote my shares for me?

 

A: Your broker will not be able to vote your shares for the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements without instructions from you. You should instruct your broker to vote your shares, following the directions your broker provides. Please check the voting form used by your broker to see if it offers telephone or Internet voting.

 

Q: What if I fail to instruct my broker?

 

A: If you fail to instruct your broker to vote your shares with respect to the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements, and the broker submits an unvoted proxy, the resulting broker non-vote will be counted toward a quorum at the special meeting, but it will have the same effect as a vote against the transactions and the transaction agreements because the required vote of Ashland shareholders is based on the number of outstanding shares of Ashland common stock rather than the number of shares actually voted.

 

Q: Can I change my vote once I have voted by mail, by telephone or over the Internet?

 

A: Yes. If you have not voted through your broker, you have the right to change or revoke your proxy:

 

    at any time before the special meeting by:

 

    notifying Ashland’s Secretary in writing;

 

    returning a later-dated proxy card; or

 

    entering a later-dated telephone or Internet vote; or

 

    by voting in person at the special meeting.

 

However, any changes or revocations of voting instructions submitted to the Trustee of the LESOP and the Employee Savings Plan must be received by our proxy tabulator, National City Bank, or its agent, before midnight Eastern Daylight Time on             ,             , 2005. If you have instructed a broker to vote your shares, you must follow the directions you receive from your broker in order to change or revoke your vote.

 

Q: Who counts the vote?

 

A: Representatives of National City Bank or its agent will tabulate the votes.

 

Q: Is my vote confidential?

 

A: Yes, your vote is confidential.

 

Q: What shares are included in the proxy card?

 

A: Your proxy card represents all shares of Ashland common stock that are registered in your name and any shares you hold in Ashland’s Open Enrollment Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (the “Dividend

 

6


Table of Contents

Reinvestment Plan”), the LESOP or the Employee Savings Plan. If your shares are held through a nominee, you will receive either a voting instruction form or a proxy card from the nominee to vote your shares.

 

Q: How do I vote my shares in the Dividend Reinvestment Plan?

 

A: Shares of Ashland common stock credited to your account in the Dividend Reinvestment Plan will be voted by National City Bank, the plan administrator, in accordance with your voting instructions.

 

Q: How will the Trustee of the Employee Savings Plan and the LESOP vote?

 

A: Each participant in the Employee Savings Plan or the LESOP will instruct the Trustee how to vote the shares of Ashland common stock credited to the participant’s account in each plan. This instruction also applies to a proportionate number of those shares of Ashland common stock allocated to other participants’ accounts but for which voting instructions are not timely received by the Trustee. These shares are referred to as non-directed shares. Each participant who gives the Trustee such an instruction acts as a named fiduciary for the plans under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

 

Q: Can a plan participant vote the non-directed shares differently from shares credited to his or her account?

 

A: Yes. Any participant in the Employee Savings Plan or the LESOP who wishes to vote the non-directed shares differently from the shares credited to his or her account or who wishes not to vote the non-directed shares at all may do so by requesting a separate voting instruction card from National City Bank, Corporate Trust Administration, Dept. 3116, 629 Euclid Avenue, Suite 635, Cleveland, Ohio 44114-3484.

 

Q: Where can I find the voting results of the special meeting?

 

A: Ashland intends to announce preliminary voting results at the special meeting. Ashland will publish the final results in a press release or in a current report on Form 8-K. You will be able to obtain a copy of the Form 8-K by logging on to Ashland’s website at http://www.ashland.com, by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at (800) SEC-0330 for the location of the nearest public reference room or through the EDGAR system at http://www.sec.gov.

 

Q: Whom should I contact with questions?

 

A: If you have any questions regarding the special meeting or need assistance in voting your shares, please contact Ashland’s proxy solicitor:

 

Georgeson Shareholder Communications Inc.

17 State Street, 10th Floor

New York, NY 10004

Telephone: (212) 440-9800 (for banks and brokers)

Telephone: (888) 264-7028 (for all other shareholders)

 

or

 

Ashland Inc.

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard

P.O. Box 391

Covington, KY 41012-0391

Attention: Investor Relations

Telephone: (859) 815-3333

 

7


Table of Contents

If you have other questions regarding the transactions or would like copies of any of the documents related to Ashland we refer you to, please contact:

 

Ashland Inc.

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard

P.O. Box 391

Covington, KY 41012-0391

Attention: Corporate Secretary

Telephone: (859) 815-3333

 

If you would like copies of any of the documents related to Marathon we refer you to, please contact:

 

Marathon Oil Corporation

5555 San Felipe Road

Houston, TX 77056-2723

Attention: Corporate Secretary

Telephone: (713) 629-6600

 

8


Table of Contents

SUMMARY

 

This summary does not contain all of the information that may be important to Ashland shareholders and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the information contained elsewhere in, or incorporated by reference in, this proxy statement/prospectus. You are urged to read the entire proxy statement/prospectus, including the information set forth in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 28, and the attached annexes and the documents incorporated by reference. See also “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 166.

 

The description of New Ashland and Marathon after the closing of the transactions includes forward-looking statements and is not necessarily indicative of the results that actually would have been obtained had the transactions taken place earlier or of the results that may be obtained in the future. You are urged to review the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” beginning on page 42 and the summary financial data beginning on page 22.

 

The Companies (page 47)

 

Ashland Inc.

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard

P.O. Box 391

Covington, KY 41012-0391

Telephone: (859) 815-3333

 

Ashland is a transportation construction, chemical and petroleum company providing innovative products, services and solutions. Ashland has sales and operations throughout the United States and around the world. As part of the transactions, Ashland will merge with and into EXM LLC. EXM LLC will survive the merger and Ashland will cease to exist.

 

ATB Holdings Inc.

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard

P.O. Box 391

Covington, KY 41012-0391

Telephone: (859) 815-3333

 

ATB Holdings is a newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary of Ashland. ATB Holdings has not conducted, and will not conduct, any active business operations. As part of the transactions, Ashland will contribute its interest in MAP, its maleic anhydride business and 60 Valvoline Instant Oil Change (“VIOC”) centers located in Michigan and northwest Ohio to ATB Holdings. Subsequently, ATB Holdings will distribute shares of New Ashland common stock to the shareholders of Ashland (holding ATB Holdings shares at the effective time of the distribution) on the basis of one share of New Ashland common stock for each outstanding share of ATB Holdings common stock. In the final step of the transactions, ATB Holdings will merge with and into Marathon Domestic LLC. Marathon Domestic LLC will survive the merger and ATB Holdings will cease to exist.

 

EXM LLC

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard

P.O. Box 391

Covington, KY 41012-0391

Telephone: (859) 815-3333

 

EXM LLC is a newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary of ATB Holdings. EXM LLC has not conducted, and will not conduct, any active business operations. As part of the transactions, Ashland will merge with and

 

9


Table of Contents

into EXM LLC. EXM LLC will survive the merger and Ashland will cease to exist. Subsequently, as part of the transactions, EXM LLC will merge with and into New Ashland. New Ashland will survive the merger and EXM LLC will cease to exist.

 

New EXM Inc.

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard

P.O. Box 391

Covington, KY 41012-0391

Telephone: (859) 815-3333

 

New EXM Inc. is a newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary of ATB Holdings and is referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus as “New Ashland.” New Ashland has not conducted, and will not conduct, any active business operations prior to the closing of the transactions. As part of the transactions, New Ashland will (1) be renamed “Ashland Inc.,” (2) be the successor by merger to Ashland, (3) be a publicly traded company owned by Ashland shareholders, (4) own all of the businesses currently owned by Ashland other than Ashland’s interest in MAP, its maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers located in Michigan and northwest Ohio to be contributed to ATB Holdings and (5) receive the proceeds of the partial redemption and the capital contribution. Ashland expects that New Ashland common stock will be traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange under the same symbol (“ASH”) under which Ashland currently trades. Ashland expects that the directors and executive officers of Ashland immediately prior to the closing of the transactions will serve as the directors and executive officers, respectively, of New Ashland immediately after the closing of the transactions.

 

Marathon Oil Corporation

5555 San Felipe Road

Houston, TX 77056-2723

Telephone: (713) 629-6600

 

Marathon is a global integrated energy company which, through its subsidiaries, is engaged in

 

    worldwide exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas;

 

    domestic refining, marketing and transportation of crude oil and petroleum products, primarily through MAP; and

 

    integrated gas.

 

Marathon Oil Company

5555 San Felipe Road

Houston, TX 77056-2723

Telephone: (713) 629-6600

 

Marathon Oil Company is a wholly owned operating subsidiary of Marathon through which Marathon conducts substantially all of its operations and which owns Marathon’s 62% interest in MAP. Marathon Oil Company and its predecessors have been engaged in the oil and gas business since 1887.

 

Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC

539 South Main Street

Findlay, OH 45840

 

MAP is a domestic petroleum refining, marketing and transportation company in which Marathon Oil Company currently owns a 62% interest and Ashland owns a 38% interest. MAP owns and operates seven refineries and an integrated crude oil and refined product transportation network. In addition, MAP conducts

 

10


Table of Contents

retail operations through its wholly owned subsidiary Speedway SuperAmerica LLC and through Pilot Travel Centers LLC, in which it owns a 50% interest. Immediately after the transactions, all of the interests in MAP will be owned by Marathon, through its subsidiaries.

 

Marathon Domestic LLC

5555 San Felipe Road

Houston, TX 77056-2723

Telephone: (713) 629-6600

 

Marathon Domestic LLC is a newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary of Marathon. Marathon Domestic LLC has not conducted, and will not conduct, any active business operations prior to the closing of the transactions. As part of the transactions, ATB Holdings will merge with and into Marathon Domestic LLC. Marathon Domestic LLC will survive the merger and ATB Holdings will cease to exist. As a result, Marathon Domestic LLC will become the holder of Ashland’s interest in MAP, its maleic anhydride business and 60 VIOC centers located in Michigan and northwest Ohio.

 

The Transactions (page 51)

 

Ashland and Marathon have entered into a master agreement under which Ashland will transfer its interest in MAP, its maleic anhydride business and 60 VIOC centers in Michigan and northwest Ohio to Marathon Domestic LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Marathon. As a result of the transactions, Ashland shareholders will receive shares of Marathon common stock and shares of New Ashland common stock as described further below and New Ashland will receive redemption proceeds from MAP of approximately $900 million plus an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions payable in a combination of cash and MAP accounts receivable, and Marathon will effectively assume approximately $1.9 billion of new debt to be incurred to provide for retirement of outstanding indebtedness of Ashland and payments in connection with other financial obligations, as described below. Therefore, Ashland will receive approximately $2.8 billion in total consideration plus an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions. As part of the transactions, Ashland will merge with and into EXM LLC, EXM LLC will subsequently merge with and into New Ashland and, upon the closing of the transactions, the existing businesses of Ashland, other than those to be transferred to Marathon Domestic LLC, will be owned by New Ashland.

 

In connection with Ashland’s merger into EXM LLC, each outstanding share of Ashland common stock (other than shares held by Ashland shareholders who validly exercise dissenters’ rights) will be converted into and represent one share of ATB Holdings common stock. Prior to the merger of ATB Holdings with and into Marathon Domestic LLC described further below, ATB Holdings will distribute shares of New Ashland common stock to the holders of ATB Holdings common stock on the basis of one share of New Ashland common stock for each outstanding share of ATB Holdings common stock. Upon the closing of the merger of ATB Holdings with and into Marathon Domestic LLC, each outstanding share of ATB Holdings common stock will be converted into the right to receive a number of shares of Marathon common stock equal to the exchange ratio. The exchange ratio will equal $915 million divided by the product of (1) the Fair Market Value (defined below) and (2) the total number of shares of Ashland common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing. The exchange ratio is designed to provide that Ashland shareholders will receive an aggregate number of Marathon shares worth $915 million (or approximately $12.56 per Ashland share based on the number of Ashland shares outstanding as of March 31, 2005).

 

“Fair Market Value” means an amount equal to the average of the closing sale prices per share for Marathon common stock on the New York Stock Exchange as reported in The Wall Street Journal, Northeastern Edition, for each of the 20 consecutive trading days ending with the third complete trading day prior to the closing date (not counting the closing date).

 

11


Table of Contents

Transaction Steps

 

The master agreement sets forth a series of steps necessary to complete the transactions. Following the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions to the transactions, it is anticipated that these steps will occur on the day of the closing of the transactions and in the following order:

 

    MAP will redeem a portion of Ashland’s 38% interest in MAP for a redemption price of approximately $900 million plus an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions. In this redemption of a portion of Ashland’s interest in MAP, which we refer to as the “partial redemption,” MAP will distribute cash and MAP accounts receivable to Ashland.

 

    Ashland will contribute its maleic anhydride business and 60 VIOC centers to ATB Holdings.

 

    Ashland will contribute its remaining interest in MAP, its 4% interest in LOOP LLC and its 8.62% interest in LOCAP LLC to ATB Holdings. Ashland’s interests in LOOP LLC and LOCAP LLC are related to the business conducted by MAP.

 

    Ashland will merge with and into EXM LLC, which will be the surviving business entity of the merger and a wholly owned subsidiary of ATB Holdings. Each share of Ashland common stock (other than those shares held by shareholders validly asserting dissenters’ rights) will be converted into and represent one share of ATB Holdings common stock. We refer to this merger as the “reorganization merger.”

 

    Marathon will arrange for a borrowing by ATB Holdings of approximately $1.9 billion, which will be expressly non-recourse to Ashland. ATB Holdings will contribute cash in an amount equal to the total amount of this borrowing to EXM LLC. We refer to this contribution as the “capital contribution.”

 

    EXM LLC will merge with and into New Ashland, which will be the surviving business entity of the merger and a wholly owned subsidiary of ATB Holdings. We refer to this merger as the “conversion merger.”

 

    ATB Holdings will distribute shares of New Ashland common stock to the holders of ATB Holdings common stock on the basis of one share of New Ashland common stock for each outstanding share of ATB Holdings common stock. We refer to this as the “distribution.”

 

    ATB Holdings will merge with and into Marathon Domestic LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Marathon which will survive the merger. Each holder of ATB Holdings common stock will have the right to receive, for each share of ATB Holdings common stock, a pro rata amount of shares of Marathon common stock based on the exchange ratio described above (the “acquisition merger consideration”). We refer to this merger as the “acquisition merger.” The acquisition merger consideration and the shares of New Ashland common stock to be distributed pursuant to the distribution are together referred to as the “aggregate shareholder consideration.”

 

The Special Meeting (page 43)

 

The special meeting of Ashland shareholders will be held on     , 2005, at     , local time, at     . At the special meeting, Ashland shareholders will be asked to consider and vote on a proposal to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

At the close of business on the record date, Ashland’s directors and executive officers and their respective affiliates beneficially owned and were entitled to vote    shares of Ashland common stock, which represented    % of the shares of Ashland common stock outstanding on that date. Each Ashland director and executive officer has indicated his or her present intention to vote, or cause to be voted, the shares of Ashland common stock beneficially owned by him or her for the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

12


Table of Contents

Recommendation of the Ashland Board of Directors (page 61)

 

The Ashland board of directors has unanimously determined that the terms of the transactions are fair to and in the best interests of Ashland and its shareholders and has unanimously adopted and approved the transactions and the transaction agreements. The Ashland board of directors unanimously recommends that Ashland shareholders vote “FOR” the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

Ashland’s Reasons for the Transactions (page 62)

 

Ashland’s board of directors and executive management believe the transactions, if completed, will provide superior value to all other alternatives available to Ashland with respect to its interest in MAP. Under the terms of the governing documents of MAP, Marathon has an option to purchase Ashland’s interest in MAP at a purchase price equal to the fair market value of the interest plus a 15% premium, and Ashland has an option to sell its interest at a purchase price equal to the fair market value of the interest less a 15% discount (10% to the extent the purchase price is paid in equity securities). The master agreement provides that the parties cannot exercise their respective options unless the master agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms. Ashland had and continues to have no intention of exercising its option to sell its interest in MAP. Therefore, the transactions eliminate the timing and valuation uncertainties should Marathon have exercised its option under the governing documents of MAP and also eliminate these uncertainties should Ashland change its intent with respect to its option. Ashland’s board of directors and executive management considered a variety of factors, including the adverse income tax consequences to Ashland of Marathon’s exercising its option, and, based on those considerations, believe that the transactions are superior to, and will provide more value to Ashland and its shareholders than, a taxable sale of its interest in MAP pursuant to Marathon’s option. In addition, Ashland’s board of directors and executive management believe the transactions complement Ashland’s strategic focus and are another step in Ashland’s strategy of transforming and improving its performance and financial dynamics by focusing on its wholly owned businesses.

 

Marathon’s Reasons for the Transactions (page 64)

 

Marathon’s board of directors believes that owning 100% of MAP will provide Marathon with the financial and strategic flexibility to capture and fund growth opportunities in its upstream, downstream and integrated gas business segments. Additionally, the transactions will increase Marathon’s ownership in the downstream business without the risks commonly associated with integrating a newly acquired business. In particular, Marathon’s board of directors believes that complete ownership of MAP provides Marathon the opportunity to leverage MAP’s access to premium U.S. markets where Marathon expects the levels of demand to remain high for the foreseeable future and where Marathon expects MAP will continue to have adequate sources of supply of crude oil and other feedstocks. In addition, Marathon’s board of directors believes that MAP provides Marathon with a source of cash flow that will enhance the geographical balance in Marathon’s overall risk portfolio. Further, Marathon anticipates the transactions will be accretive to earnings per share and cash flow. The transactions also eliminate the timing and valuation uncertainties associated with the exercise of Ashland’s and Marathon’s respective options under MAP’s governing documents and eliminate the potential that a misalignment of the interests of Ashland and Marathon, as co-owners of MAP, could adversely affect MAP’s future growth and financial performance.

 

Opinion of Ashland’s Financial Advisor (page 65)

 

In deciding to adopt and approve the transactions and the transaction agreements, the Ashland board of directors considered the written opinion, dated April 27, 2005, of its financial advisor, Credit Suisse First Boston LLC (“Credit Suisse First Boston”), to the effect that, as of that date and based upon and subject to the matters described in its opinion, the aggregate shareholder consideration to be received by Ashland shareholders pursuant to the distribution and the acquisition merger described in this proxy statement/prospectus was fair, from a

 

13


Table of Contents

financial point of view, to those shareholders. The full text of this opinion is attached as Annex I to this proxy statement/prospectus. Ashland urges you to read this opinion in its entirety for a description of the procedures followed, assumptions made, matters considered and limitations of the review undertaken. This opinion does not constitute a recommendation to any shareholder as to any matter relating to any of the transactions or transaction agreements.

 

Opinions of American Appraisal Associates, Inc. (page 79)

 

On March 18, 2004, American Appraisal Associates, Inc. (“AAA”) delivered written opinions addressed to the Marathon board of directors and provided to the Ashland board of directors regarding the satisfaction of specified solvency-related tests by Ashland, New Ashland and MAP before and immediately after the closing of the transactions. In a separate written opinion, dated April 27, 2005 (which updated an earlier opinion dated March 18, 2004) and addressed to the Marathon board of directors, AAA stated that, subject to the assumptions and limitations set forth in its opinion letter, in its opinion, as of the date of the letter, the combined value of the partial redemption, the capital contribution, the limitation on New Ashland’s liabilities for environmental losses and Marathon’s responsibility for specified tax liabilities arising from the consummation of the transactions is reasonably equivalent to the combined value of Ashland’s 38% interest in MAP, its maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers. The AAA opinions were provided for the information and assistance of the Marathon and Ashland boards of directors in connection with the transactions and transaction agreements and are not intended to be and do not constitute recommendations as to how any shareholder of Ashland should vote at the special meeting. The full text of the written opinions of AAA, which set forth the procedures followed, factors considered, assumptions and qualifications made and limitations on the review undertaken in connection with the opinions, are attached as Annexes J, K and L to this proxy statement/prospectus. We urge you to read the AAA opinions in their entirety.

 

Opinion of Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin Financial Advisors, Inc. (page 83)

 

In deciding to adopt and approve the transactions and the transaction agreements, the Ashland board of directors considered the written opinion, dated April 27, 2005, of Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin Financial Advisors, Inc. (“Houlihan Lokey”) addressed to the Ashland and New Ashland boards of directors, regarding the satisfaction of specified financial tests by New Ashland immediately after and giving effect to the transactions and on a pro forma basis. The opinion was provided for the information and assistance of the Ashland and New Ashland boards of directors in connection with the transactions and transaction agreements and is not intended to be and does not constitute a recommendation as to how any shareholder of Ashland should vote at the special meeting. The full text of the written opinion of Houlihan Lokey, which sets forth the procedures followed, factors considered, assumptions and qualifications made, and limitations on the review undertaken in connection with the opinion, is attached as Annex M to this proxy statement/prospectus. You are urged to read this opinion in its entirety.

 

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences (page 87)

 

The transactions have been structured to be generally tax-free to Ashland shareholders and tax-efficient to Ashland and New Ashland. The parties have entered into a closing agreement with the Internal Revenue Service with respect to various tax consequences of the transactions.

 

A tax under Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code will be imposed on Marathon and possibly on New Ashland if, as of the date of the closing of the transactions, the fair market value of the New Ashland common stock exceeds Ashland’s tax basis in the New Ashland common stock. That tax basis cannot be determined with precision at this time because it depends, among other things, on the amount of taxable income Ashland generates before the closing of the transactions. In addition, under the closing agreement with the Internal Revenue Service the tax basis of the New Ashland common stock will be reduced by reason of the assumption by

 

14


Table of Contents

New Ashland of certain contingent liabilities of Ashland. Ashland estimates that, based on the number of shares of Ashland common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2005, the basis reduction required by the closing agreement for those contingent liabilities will be approximately $2.34 per share of New Ashland common stock (comprised of $1.29 per share specified in the closing agreement for certain contingent liabilities plus approximately $1.05 per share estimated by Ashland based on the methodology and discount rate specified in the closing agreement for other contingent liabilities). Based on current estimates (including estimates of the basis reduction required by the closing agreement) and the number of shares of Ashland common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2005, Ashland estimates that the tax basis of the New Ashland common stock will be approximately $54.94 per share on the closing date. If on the closing date the value of a share of New Ashland stock exceeds its tax basis of approximately $54.94 (which would correspond to a value of approximately $67.50 per share of Ashland common stock, comprised of approximately $54.94 of New Ashland common stock and approximately $12.56 of Marathon common stock), a tax will be imposed under Section 355(e). The Section 355(e) tax will generally equal such excess multiplied by Ashland’s regular statutory corporate income tax rate. The amount, if any, of tax that will be imposed under Section 355(e) cannot be estimated at this time because it depends on the value of a share of New Ashland common stock on the closing date. Under the tax matters agreement among the parties, Marathon will bear the first portion of the Section 355(e) tax, if any, up to $200 million (which may be increased under certain circumstances), New Ashland will bear the next $175 million of any Section 355(e) tax, and New Ashland and Marathon will each bear 50% of any remaining Section 355(e) tax. The parties’ allocation of responsibility for the Section 355(e) tax should not be viewed as an expression of their expectations regarding the amount of that tax.

 

Regulatory Matters (page 90)

 

United States antitrust laws prohibit Ashland and Marathon from closing the transactions until they have furnished certain information and materials to the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission pursuant to the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 and the applicable waiting period has expired or been terminated. On May 6, 2005 Ashland and Marathon each filed the required notification and report forms with the Antitrust Division and the Federal Trade Commission based on the amended structure. The Federal Trade Commission granted Ashland and Marathon’s request for early termination of the statutory waiting period applicable to the transactions, and the waiting period was terminated on May 13, 2005.

 

Accounting Treatment (page 91)

 

Marathon will account for the partial redemption and the acquisition merger as a purchase business combination under generally accepted accounting principles, with Marathon treated as the acquiring enterprise. Marathon will establish a new accounting basis for the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities of MAP, to the extent of the 38% of MAP not already owned by Marathon, based on the estimated fair values of those assets and liabilities at the closing date for the transactions. Marathon will record as goodwill any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities. Marathon will not amortize the goodwill but will test it periodically for impairment.

 

Ashland will account for the disposition of its interest in MAP, its maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers as a sale under generally accepted accounting principles. A gain will be recognized to the extent the approximately $3.715 billion of total consideration, plus an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions, to be received by Ashland and its shareholders (including the $915 million of shares of Marathon common stock issued directly to Ashland shareholders, which will be reflected as a dividend) exceeds Ashland’s net book value of the businesses sold, estimated to be approximately $2.518 billion as of

 

15


Table of Contents

March 31, 2005, and the expenses of the sale. Because none of the three businesses qualifies for treatment as discontinued operations, the gain will be recognized in income from continuing operations.

 

Rights of Dissenting Shareholders (page 92)

 

Under Kentucky law, if the transactions and the transaction agreements are approved by Ashland shareholders, any Ashland shareholder who objects to the reorganization merger (and therefore, the transactions and the transaction agreements) will be entitled to dissenters’ rights under Sections 271B.13-010 through 271B.13-310 of the Kentucky Business Corporation Act. To perfect dissenters’ rights, a shareholder must:

 

    deliver to Ashland, prior to the shareholder vote at the special meeting to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements, a written notice of his or her intent to demand payment for his or her shares if the reorganization merger is completed;

 

    not vote his or her shares in favor of the transactions and the transaction agreements; and

 

    comply with the payment demand and other procedural requirements of the Kentucky Business Corporation Act.

 

Copies of Sections 271B.13-010 through 271B.13-310 of the Kentucky Business Corporation Act are attached as Annex H to this proxy statement/prospectus.

 

Use of Proceeds (page 94)

 

New Ashland intends to use the proceeds from the capital contribution, either at closing or as soon as reasonably practicable after the closing, to repurchase, repay or defease outstanding debt and to pay, or make payments in connection with the termination or renegotiation of, certain other financial obligations. New Ashland intends to use the proceeds from the partial redemption for general corporate purposes, which may include the funding of pension obligations and expanding its business through both internal growth and future business acquisitions.

 

Existing MAP Agreements (page 95)

 

MAP limited liability company agreement

 

Marathon Oil Company and Ashland, as the owners of MAP, are parties to a limited liability company agreement that establishes the governance provisions of MAP, including provisions addressing its term, the composition and operation of its board of managers, distributions and various other matters.

 

Asset transfer and contribution agreement

 

In connection with the formation of MAP, Ashland, Marathon Oil Company and MAP entered into an asset transfer and contribution agreement. This agreement provided for the contribution by Ashland and Marathon Oil Company of particular assets to MAP in exchange for membership interests and the assumption by MAP of certain liabilities. The agreement addresses various other matters related to the asset contribution, including representations and warranties of the parties, indemnification responsibilities and retained liabilities.

 

Put/call, registration rights and standstill agreement

 

Ashland, Marathon, Marathon Oil Company and MAP entered into a put/call, registration rights and standstill agreement which provides for various rights of the parties, including (1) the right of Marathon Oil Company to purchase all of Ashland’s membership interest in MAP on and after December 31, 2004, (2) the right of Ashland to sell all of its membership interest in MAP to Marathon Oil Company after December 31, 2004 and (3) the right of Ashland and Marathon Oil Company to purchase the membership interests of the other

 

16


Table of Contents

if such other party gives notice that it wants to terminate MAP. In addition, the agreement provides Ashland with demand registration rights with respect to Marathon Oil Company or Marathon securities issued to Ashland in exchange for its membership interest in a sale described in clause (2). During the term of the agreement, each of Ashland, Marathon and Marathon Oil Company also has agreed not to compete with businesses conducted by MAP, subject to various exceptions.

 

Interests of Directors and Executive Officers of Ashland (page 98)

 

In considering the recommendation of Ashland’s board of directors with respect to the transactions and the transaction agreements, Ashland shareholders should be aware that members of the Ashland board of directors and the executive officers of Ashland have the following interests in the transactions that are in addition to the interests of Ashland shareholders generally: immediately after the closing of the transactions, (1) all of the existing directors of Ashland are expected to serve as directors of New Ashland and receive the same compensation as before the closing of the transactions and (2) all of the existing executive officers of Ashland are expected to serve as the executive officers of New Ashland and receive the same compensation as before the closing of the transactions.

 

Treatment of Ashland Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights (page 99)

 

Outstanding Ashland stock options and Ashland stock appreciation rights under Ashland’s stock option and incentive plans will be adjusted to reflect the transactions. Pursuant to that adjustment, both the number of shares subject to each outstanding Ashland stock option and Ashland stock appreciation right and the applicable exercise price thereof will be appropriately and equitably adjusted to reflect the change in the fair market value of the Ashland common stock immediately before and immediately after the closing of the transactions in a manner that will preserve the aggregate exercise price and intrinsic value of each outstanding Ashland stock option and Ashland stock appreciation right immediately prior to the closing of the transactions. In addition, the shares of Ashland common stock reserved for issuance under Ashland’s stock option and incentive plans will be converted into the same number of shares of New Ashland common stock.

 

Unvested Ashland nonqualified stock options and Ashland stock appreciation rights granted to active employees of MAP, Marathon or their subsidiaries immediately prior to the closing of the transactions that are outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the closing of the transactions, and were either (1) granted in 2001 or 2002 or (2) granted in 2003 and scheduled to vest on September 18, 2005, will become fully vested upon the closing of the transactions. These Ashland nonqualified stock options and Ashland stock appreciation rights, in addition to Ashland nonqualified stock options and Ashland stock appreciation rights granted to active employees of MAP, Marathon or their subsidiaries that are outstanding, vested and exercisable but remain unexercised immediately prior to the closing of the transactions, will remain exercisable for 90 days after the closing of the transactions. In addition, the Ashland nonqualified stock options and Ashland stock appreciation rights will be adjusted as described in the preceding paragraph.

 

Stock Exchange Listing of New Ashland Common Stock; Delisting and Deregistration of Ashland Common Stock (page 100)

 

The transactions are conditioned upon the shares of New Ashland common stock to be issued in connection with the transactions being approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq National Market, subject to official notice of issuance. Ashland intends for the shares of New Ashland common stock to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange. Ashland expects that the symbol under which Ashland common stock now trades (“ASH”) will continue to be used for the shares of New Ashland common stock. If the transactions are completed, Ashland common stock will cease to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange and will be deregistered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

17


Table of Contents

Stock Exchange Listing of Marathon Common Stock (page 100)

 

The transactions are conditioned on the shares of Marathon common stock to be issued in connection with the transactions being approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance. Shares of Marathon common stock currently are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the Chicago Stock Exchange and the Pacific Stock Exchange under the symbol “MRO.”

 

The Master Agreement (page 102)

 

The master agreement generally sets forth the framework and principal terms for effecting the transactions. In this proxy statement/prospectus, “master agreement” means the master agreement, as amended, unless the context requires otherwise. The rights and obligations of the parties to the master agreement are governed by the specific terms and conditions of the master agreement and not by any summary or other information in this proxy statement/ prospectus. Therefore, the information in this proxy statement/prospectus regarding the master agreement and the transactions is qualified in its entirety by reference to the master agreement itself and the amendment to the master agreement, copies of which are attached as Annex A to this proxy statement/prospectus.

 

Conditions to the closing of the transactions

 

Ashland and Marathon will close the transactions only if they satisfy or waive several conditions, including the following:

 

    the receipt of the approval of Ashland’s shareholders;

 

    the approval for listing on the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq National Market of the shares of New Ashland common stock to be issued in the transactions and the approval for listing on the New York Stock Exchange of the shares of Marathon common stock to be issued in the transactions;

 

    the receipt of any required consents or approvals under any applicable foreign antitrust law;

 

    the absence of any legal restraints or prohibitions preventing the closing of the transactions;

 

    the continued effectiveness under the Securities Act of the registration statements covering the offer of shares of ATB Holdings common stock, New Ashland common stock and Marathon common stock to be issued in the transactions; and

 

    the receipt of updated solvency opinions from AAA and Houlihan Lokey.

 

Ashland’s obligation to close the transactions is also subject to satisfaction or waiver of additional conditions, including the following:

 

    the correctness of the representations and warranties of Marathon contained in the master agreement, except for any inaccuracies that would not result in a material adverse effect on Marathon;

 

    the performance by the Marathon parties in all material respects of their obligations under the transaction agreements;

 

    Ashland’s receipt of irrevocable consents to the transactions from at least 90% of the aggregate principal amount of all series of debt issued under its indenture dated as of August 15, 1989, as amended (with the consent of 66 2/3% or more of the aggregate principal amount of a series constituting the consent for the entire series and the consent of less than 66 2/3% of any series not being considered the consent for any debt of that series);

 

    the determination in good faith by the boards of directors of Ashland and ATB Holdings that the distribution by ATB Holdings of shares of New Ashland common stock in the transactions will be in compliance with all applicable laws relating to that distribution;

 

18


Table of Contents
    the absence of an undisclosed material adverse change with respect to Marathon;

 

    MAP’s having accounts receivable with a total value at least equal to the amount of MAP accounts receivable to be distributed to Ashland in connection with the partial redemption; and

 

    Ashland’s receipt of a certificate from Marathon regarding certain issues related to potential future sales of MAP accounts receivable.

 

Marathon’s obligation to close the transactions is also subject to satisfaction or waiver of additional conditions, including the following:

 

    the correctness of the representations and warranties of Ashland contained in the master agreement, except for any inaccuracies that would not result in a material adverse effect on Ashland; and

 

    the performance by the Ashland parties in all material respects of their obligations under the transaction agreements.

 

Termination of the master agreement

 

Ashland and Marathon may mutually agree at any time before the closing of the transactions to terminate the master agreement. Also, either company may terminate the master agreement, without the consent of the other, before the closing of the transactions if:

 

    Ashland shareholders fail to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements;

 

    the transactions are not completed by September 30, 2005 (the September 30, 2005 date is sometimes referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus as the “outside date for closing”);

 

    any governmental entity prohibits the transactions; or

 

    the other party breaches a representation, warranty or covenant contained in the master agreement that would give rise to the failure of a condition to closing set forth in the master agreement.

 

Ashland may terminate the master agreement if:

 

    prior to the receipt of the approval of Ashland shareholders, Ashland’s board of directors receives a superior proposal and determines in good faith that the failure to terminate the master agreement would be reasonably likely to result in a breach of its fiduciary obligations, provided that various other conditions are also met.

 

Marathon may terminate the master agreement if:

 

    prior to the receipt of the approval of Ashland shareholders, Ashland’s board of directors withdraws or modifies in a manner adverse to Marathon its recommendation that the Ashland shareholders approve the transactions and the transaction agreements;

 

    prior to the receipt of the approval of Ashland shareholders, Ashland’s board of directors approves or recommends any competing proposal; or

 

    prior to the receipt of the approval of Ashland shareholders, Ashland’s board of directors fails to reaffirm, within 10 business days of Marathon’s request to do so, its recommendation to Ashland shareholders that they approve the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

Termination fee

 

Ashland has agreed to pay Marathon a $30 million termination fee and a $10 million expense reimbursement if the master agreement is terminated for any of the reasons specified in the immediately

 

19


Table of Contents

preceding four bullet points. These fees are also payable by Ashland to Marathon if any third party makes a competing proposal that has not been withdrawn at the time of the special meeting, thereafter the master agreement is terminated because the Ashland shareholders fail to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements and, within 15 months after such termination, Ashland enters into an agreement providing for, or completes, a competing proposal.

 

The Tax Matters Agreement (page 117)

 

The tax matters agreement addresses various tax issues relating to the transactions, including many customary issues that arise from separating members of a consolidated group through a spinoff, or combining companies in a merger. The tax matters agreement generally provides that New Ashland will file, and handle all administrative proceedings relating to, tax returns of the Ashland and New Ashland consolidated groups. Marathon will file, and handle all administrative proceedings relating to, tax returns of the Marathon consolidated group. The tax matters agreement provides that New Ashland will generally be responsible for the tax liabilities of the Ashland group of companies and the income taxes attributable to Ashland’s interest in MAP before the acquisition merger. Marathon will be responsible for the tax liabilities of the Marathon group of companies and all of the taxes attributable to MAP after the acquisition merger. If the transactions result in a tax liability to Ashland or New Ashland, other than a tax liability under Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code, then the tax will be paid by New Ashland unless it is primarily attributable to the breach by Marathon of certain covenants or representations and would not have been imposed in the absence of such breach, in which case the tax will be paid by Marathon. However, if a tax is imposed on the transactions under Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code, Marathon will bear the first portion of the Section 355(e) tax, if any, up to $200 million (which may be increased under certain circumstances), New Ashland will bear the next $175 million of any Section 355(e) tax, and New Ashland and Marathon will each bear 50% of any remaining Section 355(e) tax. In addition, the tax matters agreement addresses certain issues that are unique to the transactions arising from the determination that the tax deductions for certain contingent liabilities paid by New Ashland should be claimed by Marathon.

 

Assignment and Assumption Agreements (page 119)

 

As part of the transactions, Ashland will contribute its maleic anhydride business to ATB Holdings under an assignment and assumption agreement. The maleic anhydride business consists of Ashland’s maleic anhydride plant in Neal, West Virginia and its maleic anhydride marketing, distribution and sales operations. Under the agreement, Ashland will contribute to ATB Holdings specified real property, inventory, tangible personal property, intellectual property (including proprietary information and technology), permits, contracts, accounts receivable, records and other assets associated with the maleic anhydride business. ATB Holdings will assume from Ashland the liabilities associated with the assigned contracts and specified maleic anhydride product exchange agreements, as well as specified other liabilities relating to or arising out of the operation of the maleic anhydride business. Ashland will retain substantially all of the remaining liabilities of the maleic anhydride business as of the date of the closing of the transactions. Ashland has agreed not to compete with the maleic anhydride business for five years after the closing of the transactions. Ashland also has agreed to purchase substantially all of its requirements for maleic anhydride for the current capacity of Ashland’s six existing manufacturing facilities in North America from Marathon for five years after the closing of the transactions.

 

As part of the transactions, Ashland will contribute 60 VIOC centers located in Michigan and northwest Ohio to ATB Holdings under an assignment and assumption agreement. The VIOC centers are engaged in the business of marketing and selling quick-service engine oil change services, lubrication services, certain routine maintenance check services, preventive automotive maintenance services and related products and services. Under the agreement, Ashland will contribute to ATB Holdings specified real property, inventory, tangible personal property, permits, contracts, records and other assets associated with the VIOC centers’ business operations. ATB Holdings will assume from Ashland the liabilities associated with the assigned contracts and

 

20


Table of Contents

specified other liabilities relating to or arising out of the operation of the transferred assets. Ashland will retain substantially all of the remaining liabilities of the VIOC centers as of the date of the closing of the transactions. After the closing of the transactions, Marathon will operate the VIOC centers as a franchisee of Ashland under a series of franchise agreements.

 

Other Agreements (page 121)

 

On April 27, 2005, Ashland and National City Bank, the rights agent under Ashland’s shareholder rights agreement, amended that agreement to render the rights (as defined in the rights agreement) inapplicable to the transactions contemplated by the master agreement.

 

Effective March 18, 2004, MAP’s LLC agreement was amended to permit MAP to effect the partial redemption, to ensure that MAP has sufficient cash to effect the partial redemption and to address certain tax-related issues relating to the transactions.

 

Ashland and Marathon will enter into a maleic anhydride supply agreement under which Marathon will supply and Ashland will purchase substantially all of Ashland’s requirements of maleic anhydride for the current capacity of Ashland’s six existing manufacturing facilities in North America, subject to certain volume limits. The initial term of the agreement will be five years from the date of the closing of the transactions.

 

Ashland and Marathon will enter into a blanket license agreement that will make each of the 60 VIOC centers to be contributed by Ashland to ATB Holdings subject to Ashland’s standard license agreement, licensee supply agreement and licensee sign and equipment lease, with certain modifications. The blanket license agreement also will contain a provision generally barring Ashland for five years from the closing of the transactions from operating company-owned VIOC centers at any location in Michigan and in specified counties in Ohio where Marathon’s VIOC centers will be located. The term of the license for each VIOC center will be 15 years, with Marathon having the right to renew the license for two additional five-year terms.

 

Marathon will have the option to enter into a transition services agreement with Ashland under which, for a limited time, Ashland will perform specified support services relating to the maleic anhydride plant. The services to be provided include health, environmental and safety support services, accounting services and procurement services for various goods and services. The term of the agreement will be three months or such other term as may be agreed by the parties.

 

Comparison of Rights of Holders of Common Stock (page 133)

 

Upon the closing of the transactions, Ashland shareholders (other than those validly asserting dissenters’ rights) will own shares of New Ashland common stock and Marathon common stock. Ashland shareholders’ rights as shareholders of New Ashland common stock will be substantially similar to their existing rights as Ashland shareholders. Ashland shareholders’ rights as Marathon stockholders will be different from their rights as Ashland shareholders because of differences in the governing documents of Ashland and Marathon and differences in the laws of Kentucky and Delaware. These differences are described in detail under “Comparison of Rights of Holders of Common Stock.”

 

Dividend Policies

 

The holders of Ashland common stock receive dividends if and when declared by the Ashland board of directors out of legally available funds. Ashland has paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.275 per share of common stock in each fiscal quarter beginning with the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 1994. After the closing of the transactions, New Ashland expects to continue paying quarterly cash dividends on a basis

 

21


Table of Contents

consistent with Ashland’s past practice. The declaration and payment of dividends, however, will depend upon a number of factors, including business conditions, New Ashland’s financial condition and results of operations, capital and reserve requirements, covenants in New Ashland’s debt instruments and New Ashland’s board of directors’ consideration of other relevant factors. Ashland and New Ashland have represented to Marathon that, as of March 18, 2004, the date of the signing of the original master agreement, Ashland had, and as of the date of the closing of the transactions New Ashland will have, no intention to declare a dividend or distribution (other than consistent with historical dividends) using proceeds received from the partial redemption or the capital contribution. Furthermore, from the date of the closing through the sixth anniversary of the closing date, New Ashland has agreed not to pay any dividend using proceeds from the transactions without Marathon’s consent if, at the time of the declaration or payment, New Ashland is or would be (after giving effect to the payment) insolvent under any applicable fraudulent transfer or conveyance law as determined in good faith by the New Ashland board of directors.

 

The holders of Marathon common stock receive dividends if and when declared by the Marathon board of directors out of legally available funds. Marathon has paid a quarterly dividend of $0.28 per share of common stock in each fiscal quarter beginning with the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2004 and previously paid a quarterly dividend of $0.25 per share of common stock in each fiscal quarter beginning with the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2003. After the closing of the transactions, Marathon expects to continue paying quarterly cash dividends on a basis consistent with its past practice. The declaration and payment of dividends, however, will be subject to the approval of Marathon’s board of directors, after consideration of a number of factors, including Marathon’s financial condition and results of operations.

 

Selected Historical Financial Data of Ashland

 

The following is a summary of selected financial data of Ashland for each of the years in the five-year period ended September 30, 2004 and the six-month periods ended March 31, 2005 and March 31, 2004. The operating results for the six-month period ended March 31, 2005 are not necessarily indicative of results for the full fiscal year ending September 30, 2005. The selected financial data of Ashland has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes of Ashland for each of the years in the five-year period ended September 30, 2004, and the unaudited consolidated financial statements for the six months ended March 31, 2005 and March 31, 2004. This information is only a summary and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and should be read in conjunction with, the historical consolidated financial statements of Ashland and the related notes included in previous filings with the SEC and incorporated by reference into this proxy statement/prospectus.

 

Ashland Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries

 

    

Six months ended

March 31


   Years Ended September 30

(In millions except per share data)


   2005

   2004

   2004

   2003

   2002

   2001

   2000

Sales and operating revenues

   $ 4,239    $ 3,761    $ 8,301    $ 7,566    $ 7,390    $ 7,544    $ 7,785

Income from continuing operations

     126      27      398      94      115      390      272

Per common share:

                                                

Basic

     1.75      0.39      5.69      1.37      1.67      5.60      3.84

Diluted

     1.72      0.39      5.59      1.37      1.64      5.54      3.83

Total assets

     7,815      6,902      7,502      7,006      6,722      7,128      6,824

Long-term debt (including current portion)

     1,334      1,542      1,508      1,614      1,797      1,871      1,981

Cash dividends per common share

     0.55      0.55      1.10      1.10      1.10      1.10      1.10

 

22


Table of Contents

Selected Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Data of New Ashland

 

The following selected unaudited pro forma financial data of New Ashland should be read in conjunction with the historical consolidated financial statements of Ashland and the related notes included in previous filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and incorporated by reference into this proxy statement/prospectus and with the unaudited condensed pro forma financial statements and related notes included in this proxy statement/prospectus beginning on page 153. This information is based on the historical financial statements of Ashland and its consolidated subsidiaries, adjusted to give effect to the transactions, as well as the use of a portion of the proceeds to repay substantially all of Ashland’s outstanding debt, purchase certain assets currently under operating leases, and repurchase certain accounts receivable sold under Ashland’s sale of receivables program. The unaudited condensed pro forma income statements were adjusted to reflect these items as if they occurred at October 1, 2003. The unaudited condensed pro forma balance sheet reflects these items as if they occurred at March 31, 2005. In addition, the unaudited condensed pro forma balance sheet reflects the use of $100 million of proceeds from the transactions to fund a contribution to Ashland’s pension plan at March 31, 2005. The pro forma adjustments are based on available information and certain assumptions that Ashland executive management believes are reasonable and are described in the related notes.

 

The selected unaudited pro forma financial data is provided for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the operating results or financial position that would have occurred if the transactions had occurred on October 1, 2003 or March 31, 2005. You should not rely on the selected unaudited pro forma financial data as being indicative of the historical operating results that New Ashland would have achieved or any future operating results or financial position that it will experience after the transactions close.

 

New Ashland and Consolidated Subsidiaries

 

(In millions except per share data)


  

Six months ended

March 31,

2005


  

Year ended

September 30,
2004


Sales and operating revenues

   $ 4,214    $ 8,254

Income from continuing operations

     36      229

Per common share:

             

Basic

     0.51      3.27

Diluted

     0.50      3.22

Total assets

     6,346       

Long-term debt (including current portion)

     13       

 

23


Table of Contents

Selected Historical Financial Data of Marathon

 

The following is a summary of selected financial data of Marathon for each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2004 and the three-month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004. The selected financial data of Marathon has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes of Marathon for each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2004 and the unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004. Prior to December 31, 2001, Marathon had two outstanding classes of common stock: USX—Marathon Group common stock (Marathon common stock), which was intended to reflect the performance of Marathon’s energy business, and USX—U.S. Steel Group common stock (Steel stock), which was intended to reflect the performance of Marathon’s steel business. This information is only a summary and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and should be read in conjunction with, the historical consolidated financial statements and related notes of Marathon included in previous filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and incorporated by reference into this proxy statement/prospectus.

 

    

Three Months Ended

March 31,


   Year Ended December 31,

(In millions except per share data)


   2005

   2004

   2004

   2003

   2002

   2001

   2000

Total revenues and other income

   $ 13,010    $ 10,693    $ 49,907    $ 41,234    $ 31,555    $ 33,062    $ 33,486

Income from continuing operations

     324      258      1,257      1,012      507      1,405      435

Per common share—basic

     0.94      0.83      3.74      3.26      1.63      4.54      1.40

Per common share—diluted

     0.93      0.83      3.72      3.26      1.63      4.54      1.40

Total assets

     23,714      20,491      23,423      19,482      17,812      16,129      17,151

Notes payable

     —        76      —        —        —        —        80

Long-term debt (including current portion)

     4,049      4,128      4,073      4,357      4,571      3,647      2,085

Cash dividends per Marathon common stock share

     0.28      0.25      1.03      0.96      0.92      0.92      0.88

Cash dividends per Steel stock share

     —        —        —        —        —        0.55      1.00

 

 

24


Table of Contents

Selected Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Data of Marathon

 

The following selected unaudited pro forma financial data of Marathon should be read in conjunction with the historical consolidated financial statements of Marathon and the related notes included in previous filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and incorporated by reference into this proxy statement/ prospectus and with the unaudited condensed pro forma financial statements and related notes included in this proxy statement/prospectus beginning on page 158. This information is based on the historical financial statements of Marathon adjusted to give effect to the transactions. The unaudited condensed pro forma balance sheet reflects the transactions as if they occurred on March 31, 2005. The unaudited condensed pro forma income statements were adjusted to reflect the transactions as if they occurred on January 1, 2004. The pro forma adjustments are based on available information and certain assumptions that Marathon executive management believes are reasonable and are described in the related notes. The selected unaudited pro forma financial data is provided for illustrative purposes only. Marathon may have performed differently had the transactions actually occurred on January 1, 2004. You should not rely on the selected unaudited pro forma financial data as being indicative of the historical results that Marathon would have achieved or the future results that it will experience after the transactions close.

 

(In millions except per share data)


  

Three Months

Ended

March 31, 2005


  

Year Ended

December 31, 2004


Total revenues and other income

   $ 13,033    $ 49,982

Income from continuing operations

     359      1,548

Per common share:

             

Basic

     0.96      4.23

Diluted

     0.95      4.21

Total assets

     25,095       

Notes payable

     1,900       

Long-term debt (including current portion)

     4,049       

 

Comparative Per Share Information

 

The following table sets forth income from continuing operations, cash dividends and book value per common share amounts for Ashland and Marathon on a historical basis, New Ashland and Marathon on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the transactions and New Ashland on a pro forma basis per Ashland-equivalent common share after giving effect to the transactions. The historical per share information is derived from the audited financial statements as of and for the year ended September 30, 2004, in the case of Ashland, and December 31, 2004, in the case of Marathon, and the unaudited financial statements as of and for the six months ended March 31, 2005, in the case of Ashland, and the three months ended March 31, 2005, in the case of Marathon. The New Ashland pro forma per share data is derived from the New Ashland unaudited condensed pro forma financial statements and related notes included in this proxy statement/prospectus. See the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “New Ashland Unaudited Condensed Pro Forma Financial Statements” and “Notes to New Ashland Unaudited Condensed Pro Forma Financial Statements” beginning on pages 153 and 157, respectively, for a complete explanation of the New Ashland unaudited condensed pro forma financial statements. The Marathon pro forma per share data is derived from the Marathon unaudited condensed pro forma financial statements and related notes included in this proxy statement/prospectus. See the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Marathon Unaudited Condensed Pro Forma Financial Statements” and “Notes to Marathon Unaudited Condensed Pro Forma Financial Statements” beginning on pages 158 and 162, respectively, for a complete explanation of the Marathon unaudited condensed pro forma financial statements. The New Ashland pro forma per Ashland-equivalent common share shows the effect of the transactions on a pro forma basis from the perspective of an owner of Ashland common stock. The New Ashland pro forma per Ashland-equivalent common share information for income from continuing operations and cash dividends is

 

25


Table of Contents

computed by multiplying relevant Marathon pro forma per share information for the six months ended March 31, 2005 and the year ended September 30, 2004 provided by Marathon to Ashland by an exchange ratio of 0.266676 and adding this to the relevant New Ashland pro forma per share information. The New Ashland pro forma per Ashland-equivalent common share information for book value per common share is computed by multiplying relevant Marathon pro forma per share information as of March 31, 2005 provided by Marathon to Ashland by an exchange ratio of 0.266676 and adding this to the relevant New Ashland pro forma per share information. These exchange ratios are calculated pursuant to the terms of the master agreement as if the closing of the transactions occurred on May 13, 2005.

 

You should read the information below together with the financial statements and related notes of Ashland and Marathon contained in the annual reports and other information that has been filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus and with the unaudited condensed pro forma financial statements referred to above. See “Where You Can Find More Information” on page 166.

 

    

Six Months Ended

March 31, 2005


  

Year Ended

September 30, 2004


Ashland historical data, per common share

         

Income from continuing operations— basic

   $  1.75    $ 5.69

Income from continuing operations—diluted

   $  1.72    $ 5.59

Cash dividends

   $  0.55    $ 1.10

Book value at end of period

   $39.78      —  

New Ashland pro forma data per common share

         

Income from continuing operations—basic

   $  0.51    $ 3.27

Income from continuing operations—diluted

   $  0.50    $ 3.22

Cash dividends

   $  0.55    $ 1.10

Book value at end of period

   $49.73        —  
    

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2005


  

Year Ended

December 31, 2004


Marathon historical data per common share

         

Income from continuing operations—basic

   $  0.94    $  3.74

Income from continuing operations—diluted

   $  0.93    $  3.72

Cash dividends

   $  0.28    $  1.03

Book value at end of period

   $24.09      —  

Marathon pro forma data per common share

         

Income from continuing operations—basic

   $  0.96    $  4.23

Income from continuing operations—diluted

   $  0.95    $  4.21

Cash dividends

   $  0.28    $  1.03

Book value at end of period

   $25.30      —  
     Six Months Ended
March 31, 2005


   Year Ended
September 30, 2004


New Ashland pro forma data per Ashland-equivalent common share

         

Income from continuing operations—basic

   $  1.12    $ 4.20

Income from continuing operations—diluted

   $  1.10    $ 4.14

Cash dividends

   $  0.70    $ 1.37

Book value at end of period

   $56.47        —  

 

26


Table of Contents

Comparative Per Share Market Price and Dividend Information

 

Shares of Ashland common stock are listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange under the symbol “ASH,” and shares of Marathon common stock are listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the Chicago Stock Exchange and the Pacific Stock Exchange under the symbol “MRO.” The following table sets forth the high, low and last reported sale prices per share of Ashland common stock and Marathon common stock, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange Composite Transactions Tape on March 18, 2004, the last full trading day prior to the public announcement of the original master agreement, on April 27, 2005, the last full trading day prior to the public announcement of the modifications to the transactions effected by the amendments to the master agreement and the tax matters agreement, and on     , 2005, the last trading day that this information could be calculated prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus.

 

    

Ashland

Common Stock


  

Marathon

Common Stock


     High

   Low

   Close

   High

   Low

   Close

March 18, 2004

   $ 46.82    $ 46.15    $ 46.71    $ 35.47    $ 34.92    $ 35.41

April 27, 2005

   $ 65.77    $ 63.92    $ 64.10    $ 48.25    $ 46.50    $ 47.25

        , 2005

                                         

 

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, cash dividends and the high and low sales prices per share of Ashland common stock and Marathon common stock, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange Composite Transactions Tape. This table does not include information related to Steel stock. For current price information, you should consult publicly available sources.

 

     Ashland Common Stock

   Marathon Common Stock

     High

   Low

  

Dividends

Paid


   High

   Low

  

Dividends

Paid


CALENDAR PERIOD

                                         

2000

                                         

First Quarter

   $ 35.63    $ 28.63    $ 0.275    $ 27.25    $ 20.69    $ 0.21

Second Quarter

     37.06      31.19      0.275      29.19      22.81      0.21

Third Quarter

     37.19      31.44      0.275      29.63      23.50      0.23

Fourth Quarter

     36.24      30.63      0.275      30.38      25.25      0.23

2001

                                         

First Quarter

     41.35      34.39      0.275      29.99      25.85      0.23

Second Quarter

     44.25      37.15      0.275      33.73      26.23      0.23

Third Quarter

     44.05      35.53      0.275      32.75      24.95      0.23

Fourth Quarter

     46.54      37.60      0.275      30.35      25.27      0.23

2002

                                         

First Quarter

     46.98      43.04      0.275      30.30      26.85      0.23

Second Quarter

     45.61      37.11      0.275      29.90      25.61      0.23

Third Quarter

     41.20      26.29      0.275      27.20      21.01      0.23

Fourth Quarter

     30.70      23.60      0.275      23.47      18.82      0.23

2003

                                         

First Quarter

     30.37      25.91      0.275      24.30      19.85      0.23

Second Quarter

     33.85      28.66      0.275      27.20      22.48      0.23

Third Quarter

     34.51      30.27      0.275      29.47      24.92      0.25

Fourth Quarter

     44.55      33.22      0.275      33.61      28.50      0.25

2004

                                         

First Quarter

     52.20      43.73      0.275      36.31      30.30      0.25

Second Quarter

     53.35      44.25      0.275      37.87      32.00      0.25

Third Quarter

     56.71      48.40      0.275      41.60      33.55      0.25

Fourth Quarter

     60.17      53.80      0.275      42.60      36.03      0.28

2005

                                         

First Quarter

     68.85      54.72      0.275      49.31      35.52      0.28

Second Quarter (through May 17, 2005)

     69.88      61.45           51.34      43.49      0.28

 

27


Table of Contents

RISK FACTORS

 

In addition to the other information included in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” or incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus and the risks that apply to most businesses, including risks of competition, market conditions, availability of supplies, foreign exchange, product liability in excess of insurance and reliance on employees, you should consider carefully the matters described below in determining whether to vote to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

Risks Related to the Transactions

 

Regulatory agencies may prevent the closing of the transactions by failing to give required approvals or may delay or impose conditions on the closing of the transactions, which may diminish the anticipated benefits of the transactions.

 

The closing of the transactions is conditioned on the satisfaction of certain regulatory matters described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions—Regulatory Matters”.

 

While we intend to pursue vigorously all required governmental approvals, the requirement to receive these approvals before the transactions are closed could prevent or delay the closing of the transactions, possibly for a significant period of time after Ashland shareholders have approved the transactions and the transaction agreements at the special meeting. Any delay in the closing of the transactions could diminish the anticipated benefits of the transactions or result in additional transaction costs or other effects associated with uncertainty about the transactions. In addition, these governmental agencies may attempt to condition their approval of the transactions on the imposition of conditions that could have a material adverse effect on Ashland’s or Marathon’s operating results or the value of New Ashland’s or Marathon’s common stock after the closing of the transactions.

 

Failure to close the transactions could have an adverse impact on Ashland’s stock price.

 

If the closing of the transactions does not occur for any reason, Ashland’s stock price may decline:

 

    to the extent that the current market price of Ashland common stock reflects a positive market assumption that the transactions will close; and

 

    because of market speculation as to the reasons the transactions did not close.

 

In addition, under certain circumstances, Ashland may be required to pay to Marathon the $30 million termination fee and the $10 million expense reimbursement.

 

Ashland could incur material U.S. Federal income tax liabilities in connection with the transactions, which would reduce New Ashland’s cash flows and profitability and could impair its financial condition.

 

A tax under Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code will be imposed on Marathon and possibly on New Ashland if, as of the date of the closing of the transactions, the fair market value of the New Ashland common stock exceeds Ashland’s tax basis in the New Ashland common stock. That tax basis cannot be determined with precision at this time because it depends, among other things, on the amount of taxable income Ashland generates before the closing of the transactions. In addition, under the closing agreement with the Internal Revenue Service the tax basis of the New Ashland common stock will be reduced by reason of the assumption by New Ashland of certain contingent liabilities of Ashland. Ashland estimates that, based on the number of shares of Ashland common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2005, the basis reduction required by the closing agreement for those contingent liabilities will be approximately $2.34 per share of New Ashland common stock (comprised of $1.29 per share specified in the closing agreement for certain contingent liabilities plus

 

28


Table of Contents

approximately $1.05 per share estimated by Ashland based on the methodology and discount rate specified in the closing agreement for other contingent liabilities). Based on current estimates (including estimates of the basis reduction required by the closing agreement) and the number of shares of Ashland common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2005, Ashland estimates that the tax basis of the New Ashland common stock will be approximately $54.94 per share on the closing date. If on the closing date the value of a share of New Ashland stock exceeds its tax basis of approximately $54.94 (which would correspond to a value of approximately $67.50 per share of Ashland common stock, comprised of approximately $54.94 of New Ashland common stock and approximately $12.56 of Marathon common stock), a tax will be imposed under Section 355(e). The Section 355(e) tax will generally equal such excess multiplied by Ashland’s regular statutory corporate income tax rate. The amount, if any, of tax that will be imposed under Section 355(e) cannot be estimated at this time because it depends on the value of a share of New Ashland common stock on the closing date. Under the tax matters agreement among the parties, Marathon will bear the first portion of the Section 355(e) tax, if any, up to $200 million (which may be increased under certain circumstances), New Ashland will bear the next $175 million of any Section 355(e) tax, and New Ashland and Marathon will each bear 50% of any remaining Section 355(e) tax. The parties’ allocation of responsibility for the Section 355(e) tax should not be viewed as an expression of their expectations regarding the amount of that tax. See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Transactions.”

 

If Ashland does not receive consent to the transactions from holders of the requisite amount of each series of its public debt, Ashland may have a right to terminate the transactions which could have an adverse impact on Ashland’s stock price.

 

Ashland’s obligation to proceed with the transactions is conditioned on Ashland’s obtaining the consents or deemed consents, or having defeased, purchased, retired or acquired debt, of series representing at least 90% in aggregate principal amount outstanding of the debt issued under its indenture dated as of August 15, 1989, as amended and restated (the “Ashland Public Indenture”). At March 31, 2005, there was an aggregate of approximately $1,149,130,000 of such public debt outstanding. Ashland has the unilateral right to waive this condition. If Ashland does not receive the required consents and has used its reasonable best efforts to obtain the consents by the outside date for closing, it will have the right to terminate the transactions, which could cause Ashland’s stock price to decline.

 

If Ashland is required or elects to proceed with the transactions, it may be determined to have violated, or may be unable to comply with, certain restrictions in the terms of its public debt which could result in significant additional costs and adversely impact Ashland’s ability to obtain future financing.

 

If the conditions to Ashland’s obligation to proceed with the transactions are satisfied or waived but any one or more series of Ashland public debt does not consent to the transactions, there is a risk that holders of a non-consenting series may assert the transactions fail to comply with the terms of the Ashland Public Indenture, or a risk that Ashland will be unable to comply with certain requirements of the Ashland Public Indenture in connection with the transactions. If the transactions are completed without the consent of each series of public debt and holders of Ashland public debt were to assert successfully that completing the transactions as currently structured failed to comply with the terms of Ashland’s public debt, or if Ashland is unable to comply with any such requirements, then Ashland could be in default under the Ashland Public Indenture, which could result in such indebtedness and other indebtedness of Ashland being in default and accelerated. Although following completion of the transactions Ashland should have sufficient funds from the transactions to repay any such indebtedness that becomes due, Ashland may be required to incur significant additional transaction costs, including to defend any legal action by holders of such indebtedness. In addition, any determination that Ashland failed to comply with the terms of its public debt could adversely impact Ashland’s ability to obtain future financing, particularly in the public markets.

 

29


Table of Contents

New Ashland’s creditors or their representatives could challenge the transactions as a fraudulent transfer or conveyance under certain circumstances. If the transactions were found to be a fraudulent transfer or conveyance, Marathon might be required to provide additional consideration to New Ashland or to return to New Ashland a portion of the interest in MAP, and either of those results could cause the trading price of Marathon’s common stock, including the shares to be issued in the transactions, to decline materially.

 

In a bankruptcy case or lawsuit initiated by one or more creditors or a representative of creditors of New Ashland after the closing of the transactions, a court may review the transactions under the fraudulent transfer provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and comparable provisions of state fraudulent transfer or conveyance laws. Under these laws, the transactions would be deemed fraudulent if the court determined that the transactions were undertaken for the purpose of hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors or that the transactions were constructively fraudulent. If the transactions were found to be a fraudulent transfer or conveyance, Marathon might be required to provide additional consideration to New Ashland or to return to New Ashland all or a portion of the interest in MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers. In either case, the value of Marathon’s common stock, including the shares to be issued in the transactions, could decline materially.

 

Under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and the laws of most states, the transactions could be held to be constructively fraudulent if the court determined that:

 

    Ashland (or New Ashland) received less than “reasonably equivalent value” or, in some jurisdictions, less than “fair consideration” or “valuable consideration”; and

 

    Ashland (or New Ashland):

 

    was insolvent at the time of the transfer or was rendered insolvent by the transfer;

 

    was engaged, or was about to engage, in a business or transaction for which its remaining property constituted unreasonably small capital; or

 

    intended to incur, or believed it would incur, debts beyond its ability to pay as those debts matured.

 

In the transactions, $915 million will be delivered to Ashland shareholders (in the form of shares of Marathon common stock) and not to Ashland or New Ashland. In order to help establish that Ashland and New Ashland will receive reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration from Marathon in the transactions, Marathon has obtained a written opinion from a nationally recognized solvency appraisal firm, AAA, to the effect that Ashland and New Ashland will receive amounts that will be reasonably equivalent to the combined value of Ashland’s interest in MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers. Marathon intends to have this opinion updated as of the closing of the transactions. However, the valuation of any business involves numerous assumptions and uncertainties. Accordingly, a court could reach a different result than AAA and find that Ashland and New Ashland did not receive reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration in the transactions.

 

In order to address the insolvency element referred to above, Ashland and Marathon have each obtained opinions, from Houlihan Lokey and AAA, respectively, based on the information provided to each firm and subject to specified assumptions, including assumptions relating to Ashland’s asbestos-related liabilities and its insurance coverages. AAA’s opinion addressed Ashland’s satisfaction of specified financial tests before the transactions, and New Ashland’s satisfaction of specified financial tests immediately after the transactions. Houlihan Lokey’s opinion addressed New Ashland’s satisfaction of specified financial tests immediately after the transactions. These opinions will be updated as of the closing of the transactions, and the closing of the transactions is conditioned on receipt of these updated opinions. However, both such opinions relate solely to specific financial tests that Ashland and Marathon believe support the insolvency analysis. A determination of solvency involves numerous assumptions and uncertainties, particularly when the determination involves assessments with respect to the valuation of asbestos-related liabilities and other contingent liabilities, as well as insurance recoveries. Accordingly, it is possible that a court would find that Ashland was insolvent before the transactions, or that New Ashland was rendered insolvent by the transactions.

 

30


Table of Contents

The master agreement contains provisions that may discourage companies from trying to acquire Ashland in an acquisition that might result in greater value to Ashland shareholders than the transactions or that an Ashland shareholder may consider in his or her best interest, which could have an adverse impact on Ashland’s stock price.

 

The master agreement contains provisions that may discourage a third party from submitting a business combination proposal to Ashland or otherwise seek to acquire Ashland in an acquisition that might result in greater value to Ashland shareholders than the transactions or that an Ashland shareholder may consider in his or her best interest, which could have an adverse impact on Ashland’s stock price. In addition, the “no solicitation” provisions in the master agreement prohibit Ashland from soliciting any competing business combination proposal relating to Ashland. If the master agreement is terminated by Ashland or Marathon in circumstances that obligate Ashland to pay to Marathon the $30 million termination fee and the $10 million expense reimbursement fee, Ashland’s financial condition will be adversely affected as a result of the payment of these fees, which might deter third parties from proposing alternative business combination proposals. See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions—The Master Agreement—Termination; Effect of Termination; Termination Fees.”

 

Risks Related to New Ashland and its Business

 

New Ashland has no operating history as an independent company and will not have access to the cash flow from the businesses transferred to Marathon, which could adversely impact New Ashland’s revenues and operating results.

 

New Ashland, in the form in which it will exist after the closing of the transactions, does not have an independent history as a stand-alone public company. The interest in MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers have generated funds from operations that have been used in the businesses that will be operated by New Ashland and for Ashland’s general corporate purposes. In each of the last three full fiscal years, distributions from MAP have represented a majority of Ashland’s operating cash flows. Following the closing of the transactions, New Ashland will not have access to the cash flow from the interest in MAP, the maleic anhydride business or the 60 VIOC centers, which could adversely impact New Ashland’s revenues and operating results.

 

The actual financial position and results of operations of New Ashland may differ significantly and adversely from the pro forma amounts reflected in this proxy statement/prospectus.

 

Assuming the closing of the transactions, the actual financial position and results of operations of New Ashland may differ, perhaps significantly and adversely, from the pro forma amounts reflected in the New Ashland Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Condensed Financial Statements included in this proxy statement/prospectus due to a variety of factors, including access to additional information, changes in value not currently identified and changes in operating results between the date of the pro forma financial data and the date of the closing of the transactions.

 

New Ashland will be responsible for, and have financial exposure to, Ashland’s liabilities from claims alleging personal injury caused by exposure to asbestos, which would reduce New Ashland’s cash flows and profitability and could impair its financial condition.

 

Ashland is subject to liabilities from claims alleging personal injury caused by exposure to asbestos. Such claims result primarily from indemnification obligations undertaken in 1990 in connection with the sale of Riley Stoker Corporation (“Riley”), a former subsidiary. Although Riley was neither a producer nor a manufacturer of asbestos, its industrial boilers contained some asbestos-containing components provided by other companies. As a result of the transactions, New Ashland will be responsible for, and have financial exposure to, these liabilities, which could reduce New Ashland’s cash flows and profitability and impair its financial condition. For a description of the claims alleging personal injury caused by exposure to asbestos, which number approximates 189,000, and the associated reserves and available insurance, see “Note G. Litigation, Claims and Contingencies” to Ashland’s condensed consolidated financial statements contained in its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2005, which is incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus.

 

31


Table of Contents

New Ashland will be responsible for, and have financial exposure to, Ashland’s other liabilities, which would reduce New Ashland’s cash flows and profitability and could impair its financial condition.

 

As a result of the transactions, New Ashland will be responsible for, and have financial exposure to, all of the asbestos-related liabilities, substantially all of the environmental liabilities (other than certain liabilities relating to MAP) and other liabilities of Ashland and its subsidiaries other than liabilities incurred by ATB Holdings in connection with the transactions.

 

Additionally, claimants might seek to hold Marathon liable for obligations of New Ashland. New Ashland has agreed to indemnify Marathon for liabilities and costs that Marathon may incur relating to New Ashland’s liabilities (other than certain liabilities relating to MAP). See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Master Agreement—Indemnification.”

 

New Ashland will have limited use of the proceeds from the partial redemption and the capital contribution to pay dividends or other distributions or complete share repurchases which could have an adverse impact on New Ashland’s stock price.

 

Ashland and New Ashland have represented to Marathon that, as of March 18, 2004, the date of the signing of the original master agreement, Ashland had, and as of the date of the closing of the transactions New Ashland will have, no intention to declare a dividend or distribution (other than consistent with historical dividends) or to complete a share repurchase using proceeds received from the partial redemption or the capital contribution, and that Ashland intends and New Ashland will intend to use the proceeds from the capital contribution, either at closing or as soon as reasonably practicable after the closing, to repurchase, repay or defease outstanding indebtedness and to pay, or make payments in connection with the termination or renegotiation of, certain other financial obligations. In addition, from the date of the closing of the transactions through the sixth anniversary of the closing, New Ashland has agreed not to pay any dividend or other distribution or repurchase shares of its common stock using proceeds received from the transactions without the consent of Marathon if, at the time of the declaration or payment, New Ashland is or would be (after giving effect to the payment) insolvent under any applicable fraudulent transfer or conveyance law as determined in good faith by New Ashland’s board of directors in accordance with its fiduciary duties under applicable law. In addition, any share repurchases must comply with Internal Revenue Service Revenue Procedure 96-30, which generally requires that (i) the shares be repurchased in the open market and (ii) New Ashland would not intend to repurchase more than 20% of its outstanding shares. New Ashland’s limited use of the proceeds from the partial redemption and the capital contribution to pay dividends or other distributions or complete share repurchases could have an adverse impact on New Ashland’s stock price.

 

New Ashland may not be able to successfully use the proceeds of the partial redemption in a value-generating manner which could reduce its future rate of growth, profitability and operating results.

 

New Ashland may use the cash proceeds from the partial redemption for general corporate purposes, which may include the funding of pension obligations and expanding its business through both internal growth and future business acquisitions. New Ashland may not be able to successfully identify uses for those proceeds that will generate value for New Ashland and its shareholders which could reduce New Ashland’s future rate of growth. In addition, in connection with possible future business acquisitions, the process of integrating acquired operations into New Ashland’s existing operations may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and may require significant financial resources that would otherwise be available for the ongoing development or expansion of its business which could reduce New Ashland’s profitability and operating results.

 

Ashland has incurred and New Ashland will incur substantial operating costs and capital expenditures as a result of environmental and health and safety liabilities and requirements, particularly relating to their chemical businesses, which could reduce New Ashland’s results of operations and profitability.

 

Ashland is, and New Ashland will be, subject to various U.S. and foreign laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and worker health and safety. These laws and regulations regulate discharges of

 

32


Table of Contents

pollutants into the air and water, the management and disposal of hazardous substances and the cleanup of contaminated properties. The costs of complying with these laws and regulations can be substantial and may increase as applicable requirements become more stringent and new rules are implemented. If New Ashland violates the requirements of these laws and regulations, it may be forced to pay substantial fines, to complete additional costly projects, or to modify or curtail its operations to limit contaminant emissions.

 

After the transactions, New Ashland will be responsible for, and have financial exposure to, substantially all of the environmental liabilities (other than certain liabilities relating to MAP) and other liabilities of Ashland and its subsidiaries. Ashland is currently investigating and remediating a number of its current and former properties. At March 31, 2005, such locations included 91 waste treatment or disposal sites where Ashland has been identified as a potentially responsible party under Superfund or similar state laws, approximately 130 current and former operating facilities (including certain facilities conveyed to MAP) and about 1,220 service station properties. Ashland’s environmental remediation costs were approximately $13 million for the six months ended March 31, 2005. Ashland’s reserves for environmental remediation amounted to $157 million at March 31, 2005 and reflect its estimates of the most likely costs that will be incurred over an extended period to remediate identified conditions for which the costs are reasonably estimable, without regard to any third-party recoveries. Engineering studies, probability techniques, historical experience and other factors are used to identify and evaluate remediation alternatives and their related costs in determining the estimated reserves for environmental remediation. Environmental remediation reserves are subject to numerous inherent uncertainties that affect Ashland’s ability to estimate its share of the costs. Such uncertainties involve the nature and extent of contamination at each site, the extent of required cleanup efforts under existing environmental regulations, widely varying costs of alternate cleanup methods, changes in environmental regulations, the potential effect of continuing improvements in remediation technology, and the number and financial strength of other potentially responsible parties at multiparty sites. Ashland regularly adjusts its reserves as remediation continues.

 

Several of New Ashland’s businesses are cyclical in nature, and economic downturns or declines in demands for certain durable goods may reduce its profitability and limit its ability to generate revenues.

 

The profitability of New Ashland’s businesses is susceptible to downturns in the economy, particularly downturns in the segments of the U.S. economy related to the purchase and sale of durable goods, including the housing, construction, automotive, marine and semiconductor industries. Both overall demand for New Ashland’s products and services and its profitability may decline as a direct result of an economic recession, inflation, changes in the prices of hydrocarbons and other raw materials, consumer confidence, interest rates or governmental fiscal policies. In addition, New Ashland may experience significant changes in its profitability as a result of variations in sales, changes in product mix or pricing competition.

 

Adverse changes in prevailing climate or weather may negatively affect the performance of some of New Ashland’s operations, which could reduce New Ashland’s results of operations and profitability.

 

Extreme variations from normal climatic conditions could have a significant effect on the operating results of APAC’s construction operations. In particular, unfavorable weather conditions could delay the completion of construction projects, and may require the use of additional resources. In addition, certain of the products sold by Valvoline are seasonal in nature, and thus demand for those products may decline due to significant changes in prevailing climate and weather conditions such as floods, frozen rivers and hurricanes.

 

New Ashland’s financing costs may be higher than Ashland’s financing costs which could adversely impact New Ashland’s ability to obtain future financing on acceptable terms and New Ashland’s results of operations and cash flows.

 

Following the transactions, New Ashland will have to raise financing with the support of a reduced pool of less diversified assets, and New Ashland may not be able to secure adequate debt or equity financing on terms that would have been available to Ashland. Therefore, the cost to New Ashland of financing without the 38%

 

33


Table of Contents

interest in MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers could be higher than the cost of financing with these businesses as part of Ashland which could adversely impact New Ashland’s ability to obtain future financing on acceptable terms and New Ashland’s results of operations and cash flows.

 

The credit rating of New Ashland following the closing of the transactions may be different from the current ratings of Ashland. Differences in credit ratings affect the interest rate charged on financings, as well as the amounts of indebtedness, types of financing structures and debt markets that may be available to New Ashland following the transactions. New Ashland may not be able to raise the capital it requires on favorable terms following the closing of the transactions. Therefore, the cost to New Ashland of financing without the 38% interest in MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers could be higher than the cost of financing with these businesses as part of Ashland, which could adversely impact New Ashland’s ability to obtain future financing on acceptable terms and New Ashland’s results of operations and cash flows.

 

No prior market exists for New Ashland common stock which could have an adverse impact on New Ashland’s stock price.

 

There is no current public trading market for New Ashland common stock. New Ashland will apply to list its common stock on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange.

 

We cannot predict the prices at which New Ashland common stock may trade. Such trading prices will be determined by the marketplace and may be influenced by many factors, including the depth and liquidity of the market for such shares, investor perceptions of New Ashland and the industries in which it participates, New Ashland’s dividend policy and general economic and market conditions. Until an orderly market develops, the trading prices for these shares may fluctuate significantly and adversely.

 

New Ashland may issue preferred stock whose terms could adversely affect the voting power or value of its common stock.

 

New Ashland’s articles of incorporation to be in effect upon the completion of the transactions, which will be substantially similar to Ashland’s third restated articles of incorporation, will authorize it to issue, without the approval of its shareholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such preferences, powers and relative, participating, optional and other rights, including preferences over its common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as its board of directors generally may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could adversely impact the voting power or value of New Ashland’s common stock. For example, New Ashland could grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of its directors in all events or on the happening of specified events or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences New Ashland could assign to holders of preferred stock could affect the residual value of its common stock. See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Description of New Ashland Capital Stock—Preferred Stock.”

 

Provisions of New Ashland’s articles of incorporation and by-laws, its rights agreement and Kentucky law could deter takeover attempts that some shareholders may consider desirable, which could adversely affect New Ashland’s stock price.

 

Provisions of New Ashland’s articles of incorporation and by-laws to be in effect upon the closing of the transactions, which will be substantially similar to Ashland’s third restated articles of incorporation and by-laws, respectively, will make acquiring control of New Ashland without the support of its board of directors difficult for a third party, even if the change of control would be beneficial to New Ashland shareholders. New Ashland’s articles of incorporation and by-laws to be in effect upon the closing of the transactions will contain:

 

    provisions relating to the classification, nomination and removal of its directors;

 

    provisions limiting the right of shareholders to call special meetings of its board of directors and shareholders;

 

34


Table of Contents
    provisions regulating the ability of its shareholders to bring matters for action at annual meetings of its shareholders; and

 

    the authorization given to its board of directors to issue and set the terms of preferred stock.

 

In addition, New Ashland will succeed to Ashland’s shareholder rights agreement, which would cause extreme dilution to any person or group who attempts to acquire a significant interest in New Ashland without advance approval of its board of directors. New Ashland’s articles of incorporation to be in effect upon the completion of the transactions and the laws of Kentucky would impose some restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between Ashland and any beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of its outstanding common stock. The existence of these provisions may deprive you of any opportunity to sell your shares at a premium over the prevailing market price for New Ashland common stock. The potential inability of New Ashland shareholders to obtain a control premium could adversely affect the market price for its common stock. See the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Description of Common Stock of New Ashland” and “Comparison of the Rights of Holders of Common Stock” for a description of these and other provisions.

 

Risks Related to Marathon and its Business

 

You should carefully consider the risks related to Marathon and its business described below before deciding whether to vote to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements. The trading price of Marathon common stock, including the shares of Marathon common stock to be issued in the transactions, could decline materially due to any of these risks.

 

If United States Steel fails to perform any of its material obligations to which Marathon continues to have financial exposure, Marathon could be required to pay those obligations, and any such payment could materially reduce Marathon’s cash flows and profitability and impair its financial condition.

 

In connection with the separation of United States Steel from Marathon, United States Steel agreed to hold Marathon harmless from and against various liabilities. While Marathon cannot estimate some of these liabilities at this time, the portion of these liabilities Marathon can estimate amounts to $657 million as of March 31, 2005, excluding accrued interest of $12 million. If United States Steel fails to satisfy any of those obligations, Marathon would be required to satisfy them and seek indemnification from United States Steel. In that event, Marathon’s indemnification claims against United States Steel would constitute general unsecured claims, effectively subordinate to the claims of secured creditors of United States Steel.

 

Under applicable law and regulations, Marathon also may be liable for any defaults by United States Steel in the performance of its obligations to pay federal income taxes, fund its ERISA pension plans and pay other obligations respecting periods prior to the effective date of the separation.

 

United States Steel is more highly leveraged than Marathon, has a noninvestment grade credit rating and has granted security interests in some of its assets, including its accounts receivable and inventory. The steel business is highly competitive, and a large number of industry participants have sought protection under bankruptcy laws in recent periods. The enforceability of Marathon’s claims against United States Steel could become subject to the effect of any bankruptcy, fraudulent conveyance or transfer or other law affecting creditors’ rights generally, or of general principles of equity, which might become applicable to those claims or other claims arising from the facts and circumstances in which the separation was effected.

 

If the transfer by Marathon’s former parent entity to Marathon of ownership of various assets and operations were held to be a fraudulent conveyance or transfer, United States Steel’s creditors may be able to obtain recovery from Marathon or other relief detrimental to the holders of Marathon common stock, including the shares to be issued in the transactions.

 

In July 2001, USX Corporation (“Old USX”) effected a reorganization of the ownership of its businesses in which it created Marathon as its publicly owned parent holding company and transferred ownership of various assets and operations to Marathon and it merged into a newly formed subsidiary which survived as United States Steel.

 

35


Table of Contents

If a court in a bankruptcy case regarding United States Steel or a lawsuit brought by its creditors or their representative were to find that, under the applicable fraudulent conveyance or transfer law:

 

    the transfer by Old USX to Marathon or related transactions were undertaken by Old USX with the intent of hindering, delaying or defrauding its existing or future creditors; or

 

    Old USX received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration, or no value or consideration, in connection with those transactions, and either it or United States Steel

 

    was insolvent or rendered insolvent by reason of those transactions,

 

    was engaged or about to engage in a business or transaction for which its assets constituted unreasonably small capital, or

 

    intended to incur, or believed that it would incur, debts beyond its ability to pay as they mature,

 

then that court could determine those transactions entitled one or more classes of creditors of United States Steel to equitable relief from Marathon. Such a determination could permit the unpaid creditors to obtain recovery from Marathon or could result in other actions detrimental to the holders of Marathon’s common stock. The measure of insolvency for purposes of these considerations would vary depending on the law of the jurisdiction being applied.

 

A substantial or extended decline in oil or gas prices would reduce Marathon’s revenue, operating results and future rate of growth.

 

Prices for oil and gas fluctuate widely. Marathon’s revenues, operating results and future rate of growth are highly dependent on the prices it receives for its oil, gas and refined products. Historically, the markets for oil, gas and refined products have been volatile and may continue to be volatile in the future. Many of the factors influencing prices of oil, gas and refined products are beyond Marathon’s control. These factors include:

 

    worldwide and domestic supplies of and demand for oil and gas;

 

    the ability of the members of OPEC to agree to and maintain oil price and production controls;

 

    political instability or armed conflict in oil-producing regions; and

 

    domestic and foreign governmental regulations and taxes.

 

The long-term effects of these and other conditions on the prices of oil and gas are uncertain.

 

Lower oil and gas prices may reduce the amount of oil and gas that Marathon produces, which may reduce its revenues and operating income. Significant reductions in oil and gas prices could require Marathon to reduce its capital expenditures.

 

Estimates of oil and gas reserves depend on many factors and assumptions, including various assumptions that are based on conditions in existence as of the dates of the estimates. Any material changes in those conditions or other factors affecting those assumptions could impair the quantity and value of Marathon’s oil and gas reserves.

 

The proved oil and gas reserve information relating to Marathon included or incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus has been derived from engineering estimates. Those estimates were prepared by Marathon personnel and reviewed, on a selected basis, by independent petroleum engineers. The estimates were calculated using oil and gas prices in effect as of December 31, 2004, as well as other conditions in existence as of that date. Any significant future price changes will have a material effect on the quantity and present value of Marathon’s proved reserves. Future reserve revisions could also result from changes in, among other things, governmental regulation and severance and other production taxes.

 

36


Table of Contents

Reserve estimation is a subjective process that involves estimating volumes to be recovered from underground accumulations of oil and gas that cannot be directly measured. As a result, different petroleum engineers, each using industry-accepted geologic and engineering practices and scientific methods, may produce different estimates of reserves and future net cash flows based on the same available data. Because of the subjective nature of oil and gas reserve estimates, each of the following items may differ materially from the amounts or other factors estimated:

 

    the amount and timing of oil and gas production;

 

    the revenues and costs associated with that production; and

 

    the amount and timing of future development expenditures.

 

The discounted future net revenues from Marathon’s reserves included in this proxy statement/prospectus should not be considered as the market value of the reserves attributable to Marathon’s properties. As required by rules the SEC has adopted, the estimated discounted future net revenues from Marathon’s proved reserves are based generally on prices and costs as of the date of the estimate, while actual future prices and costs may be materially higher or lower.

 

In addition, the 10% discount factor, which the SEC rules require to be used to calculate discounted future net revenues for reporting purposes, is not necessarily the most appropriate discount factor based on the cost of capital in effect from time to time and risks associated with Marathon’s business and the oil and gas industry in general.

 

If Marathon is unsuccessful in acquiring or finding additional reserves, its future oil and gas production would decline, thereby reducing its cash flows, results of operations and financial condition.

 

The rate of production from oil and gas properties generally declines as reserves are depleted. Except to the extent Marathon acquires additional properties containing proved reserves, conducts successful exploration and development activities or, through engineering studies, identifies additional behind-pipe zones or secondary recovery reserves, its proved reserves will decline materially as oil and gas is produced.

 

Increases in crude oil prices and environmental regulations may reduce Marathon’s refined product margins.

 

Marathon conducts domestic refining, marketing and transportation operations primarily through MAP. MAP conducts its operations mainly in the Midwest, the Southeast, the Ohio River Valley and the upper Great Plains. The profitability of these operations depends largely on the margin between the cost of crude oil and other feedstocks MAP refines and the selling prices it obtains for refined products. MAP’s overall profitability could be adversely affected by availability of supply and rising crude oil and other feedstock prices which it does not recover in the marketplace. Refined product margins have been historically volatile and vary with the level of economic activity in the various marketing areas, the regulatory climate, logistical capabilities and the available supply of refined products.

 

In addition, environmental regulations, particularly the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act, have imposed, and are expected to continue to impose, increasingly stringent and costly requirements on refining and marketing operations, which may reduce refined product margins.

 

If Marathon does not compete successfully with its competitors that have greater financial and other resources than Marathon does, Marathon’s future operating performance and profitability could materially decline.

 

Marathon competes with major integrated and independent oil and gas companies for the acquisition of oil and gas leases and other properties, for the equipment and labor required to develop and operate those properties

 

37


Table of Contents

and in the marketing of oil and natural gas to end-users. In addition, in implementing its integrated gas strategy, Marathon competes with major integrated energy companies in bidding for and developing liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) projects, which are very capital intensive. Many of Marathon’s competitors have financial and other resources substantially greater than those available to Marathon. As a consequence, Marathon may be at a competitive disadvantage in acquiring additional properties and bidding for and developing additional projects, such as LNG plants. Many of Marathon’s larger competitors in its LNG operations can complete more projects than Marathon has the capacity to complete, which could lead those competitors to realize economies of scale that Marathon is unable to realize. In addition, many of Marathon’s larger competitors may be better able to respond to factors that affect the demand for oil and natural gas production, such as changes in worldwide prices and levels of production, the cost and availability of alternative fuels and the application of government regulations.

 

Marathon will continue to incur substantial capital expenditure and operating costs as a result of environmental laws and regulations, and, as a result, its profitability could be materially reduced.

 

Marathon’s businesses are subject to numerous laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. Marathon has incurred and will continue to incur substantial capital, operating and maintenance, and remediation expenditures as a result of these laws and regulations. To the extent these expenditures, as with all costs, are not ultimately reflected in the prices of Marathon’s products and services, operating results will be adversely affected. The specific impact of these laws and regulations on each of Marathon’s competitors may vary depending on a number of factors, including the age and location of its operating facilities, marketing area and production processes. Marathon may also be required to make material expenditures or may become subject to liabilities that it currently does not anticipate in connection with new, amended or more stringent requirements, stricter interpretations of existing requirements or the future discovery of contamination. In addition, any failure by Marathon to comply with existing or future laws could result in civil or criminal fines and other enforcement action against it.

 

The operations of Marathon and its predecessors could expose Marathon to civil claims by third parties for alleged liability resulting from contamination of the environment or personal injuries caused by releases of hazardous substances.

 

Environmental laws are subject to frequent change and many of them have become more stringent. In some cases, they can impose liability for the entire cost of cleanup on any responsible party without regard to negligence or fault and impose liability on Marathon for the conduct of others or conditions others have caused, or for Marathon’s acts that complied with all applicable requirements when it performed them.

 

Worldwide political and economic developments could damage Marathon’s operations and reduce its profitability materially.

 

Local political and economic factors in international markets could have a material adverse effect on Marathon. Approximately 45% of Marathon’s oil and gas production in 2004 was derived from production outside the United States, and approximately 63% of Marathon’s proved reserves as of December 31, 2004 were located outside the United States. In addition, Marathon is increasing the focus of its development operations on areas outside the United States.

 

There are many risks associated with operations in international markets, including changes in foreign governmental policies relating to crude oil, natural gas or refined product pricing and taxation, other political, economic or diplomatic developments, changing political conditions and international monetary fluctuations. These risks include:

 

    political and economic instability, war, acts of terrorism and civil disturbances;

 

38


Table of Contents
    the possibility that a foreign government may seize Marathon’s property with or without compensation or may attempt to renegotiate or revoke existing contractual arrangements; and

 

    fluctuating currency values, hard currency shortages and currency controls.

 

Continued hostilities in the Middle East and the occurrence or threat of future terrorist attacks could cause a downturn in the economies of the United States and other developed countries. A lower level of economic activity could result in a decline in energy consumption, which could cause Marathon’s revenues and margins to decline and limit its future growth prospects. More specifically, these risks could lead to increased volatility in prices for crude oil, natural gas and refined products. In addition, these risks could increase instability in the financial and insurance markets and make it more difficult for Marathon to access capital and to obtain insurance coverages that it considers adequate.

 

Actions of the U.S. government through tax and other legislation, executive order and commercial restrictions could reduce Marathon’s operating profitability both in the United States and overseas. The U.S. government can prevent or restrict Marathon from doing business in foreign countries. These restrictions and those of foreign governments have in the past limited Marathon’s ability to operate in or gain access to opportunities in various countries. Actions by both the United States and host governments have affected operations significantly in the past and will continue to do so in the future.

 

Marathon’s operations are subject to business interruptions and casualty losses, and it does not insure against all potential losses and could be seriously harmed by unexpected liabilities.

 

Marathon’s exploration and production operations are subject to unplanned occurrences, including blowouts, explosions, fires, loss of well control, spills, adverse weather, labor disputes and maritime accidents. In addition, its refining, marketing and transportation operations are subject to business interruptions due to scheduled refinery turnarounds and unplanned events such as explosions, fires, pipeline interruptions, crude oil or refined product spills, inclement weather or labor disputes. They are also subject to the additional hazards of marine operations, such as capsizing, collision and damage or loss from severe weather conditions. Marathon maintains insurance against many, but not all, potential losses or liabilities arising from these operating hazards in amounts that Marathon believes to be prudent. Uninsured losses and liabilities arising from operating hazards could reduce the funds available to Marathon for exploration, drilling and production and could materially reduce its profitability.

 

Marathon may issue preferred stock whose terms could dilute the voting power or reduce the value of its common stock, including the shares to be issued in the transactions.

 

Marathon’s restated certificate of incorporation authorizes it to issue, without the approval of its stockholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such preferences, powers and relative, participating, optional and other rights, including preferences over its common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as its board of directors generally may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could dilute the voting power or reduce the value of Marathon’s common stock. For example, Marathon could grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of its directors in all events or on the happening of specified events or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences Marathon could assign to holders of preferred stock could affect the residual value of the common stock. See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Description of Marathon Capital Stock—Preferred Stock.”

 

39


Table of Contents

REFERENCES TO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

This document incorporates by reference important business and financial information about Ashland and Marathon from documents that are not included in or delivered with this proxy statement/prospectus. You can obtain documents incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus, except for exhibits to those documents not specifically incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus, by requesting them in writing or by telephone from the appropriate company at the following addresses:

 

ASHLAND INC.

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard, P.O. Box 391

Covington, KY 41012-0391

Attention: Corporate Secretary

(859) 815-3333

 

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION

5555 San Felipe Road

Houston, TX 77056-2723

Attention: Corporate Secretary

(713) 629-6600

 

You will not be charged for any of these documents that you request. Ashland shareholders requesting documents should do so by                     , 2005 in order to receive them before the special meeting.

 

See “WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION” on page 166.

 

40


Table of Contents

HELPFUL INFORMATION

 

In this proxy statement/prospectus:

 

    “Ashland” means Ashland Inc.;

 

    “Ashland common stock” means the Ashland common stock together with the associated rights;

 

    “ATB Holdings” means ATB Holdings Inc.;

 

    “Marathon” means Marathon Oil Corporation;

 

    “master agreement” means the master agreement, as amended, unless the context requires otherwise;

 

    “MAP” means Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC;

 

    “New Ashland” means New EXM Inc.;

 

    “New Ashland common stock” means the New Ashland common stock together with the associated rights;

 

    “tax matters agreement” means the amended and restated tax matters agreement, unless the context requires otherwise;

 

    “transactions” means the transactions contemplated by the transaction agreements and the ancillary agreements as described in this proxy statement/prospectus; and

 

    “transaction agreements” means the master agreement, the tax matters agreement, the assignment and assumption agreement (maleic business), the assignment and assumption agreement (VIOC centers) and the amendments to the MAP LLC agreement as described in this proxy statement/prospectus.

 

References to Ashland, New Ashland and Marathon in this proxy statement/prospectus include their respective consolidated subsidiaries unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires. The terms “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Ashland and Marathon.

 

41


Table of Contents

DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This proxy statement/prospectus contains or incorporates by reference a number of forward-looking statements that relate to future events or future financial performance. You can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “plan,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “potential” or other similar expressions that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding:

 

    the benefits of the transactions, including future financial and operating results, performance or achievements;

 

    the parties’ respective plans, objectives, expectations and intentions, including those statements that refer to the expected benefits of the transactions to Ashland’s shareholders;

 

    the timing of the transactions;

 

    anticipated levels of revenues, gross margins, income from operations, net income or earnings per share;

 

    anticipated levels of capital, exploration, environmental or maintenance expenditures;

 

    the success or timing of completion of ongoing or anticipated capital, exploration or maintenance projects;

 

    anticipated volumes of production, sales, throughput or shipments of liquid hydrocarbons, natural gas and refined products;

 

    anticipated levels of worldwide prices of liquid hydrocarbons, natural gas and refined products;

 

    anticipated levels of reserves of liquid hydrocarbons or natural gas;

 

    anticipated effects of restructuring or reorganization of business components;

 

    the potential effects of judicial proceedings on the business and financial condition of New Ashland and Marathon; and

 

    anticipated effects of actions of third parties such as competitors, or Federal, state or local regulatory authorities.

 

The executive managements of the parties believe that the forward-looking statements are reasonable; however, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and you should not place undue reliance on them. The forward-looking statements are based upon internal forecasts and analyses of current and future market conditions and trends, management plans and strategies, weather, operating efficiencies and economic conditions, such as prices, supply and demand, cost of raw materials, and legal proceedings and claims (including environmental and asbestos matters) and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements:

 

    the possibility that the parties will be unable to fully realize the benefits anticipated from the transactions;

 

    the possibility that Ashland fails to obtain the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements from its shareholders or the consent to the transactions from each series of its outstanding public debt;

 

    the possibility that the closing of the transactions may not occur or that the parties may be required to modify some aspect of the transactions to obtain regulatory approvals;

 

    market expectations of the likelihood that the closing of the transactions will occur and the timing of the closing;

 

42


Table of Contents
    competitive activity within Ashland’s and Marathon’s industries;

 

    changes in the businesses, operations, results and prospects of the parties;

 

    Marathon’s financial exposure to obligations of United States Steel;

 

    legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect the businesses in which Ashland and Marathon are engaged and New Ashland will be engaged;

 

    environmental risks and liabilities under U.S. Federal and state and foreign environmental laws and regulations;

 

    changes in the securities markets;

 

    changes in weather and climate conditions;

 

    general domestic and international political actions and conditions;

 

    fluctuations in crude oil and natural gas prices and refining and marketing margins;

 

    fluctuations in worldwide supply and demand for petroleum products;

 

    availability of capital for exploration and development and the arranging of related financing;

 

    other general economic and business conditions, either domestically, internationally or in jurisdictions in which the parties are doing business, that adversely affect Ashland, New Ashland or Marathon or their suppliers, distributors or customers; and

 

    other risks and uncertainties, including those set forth in this proxy statement/prospectus under the caption “Risk Factors” and those described from time to time in the filings of Ashland, ATB Holdings, New Ashland and Marathon with the SEC.

 

You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus or, in the case of a forward-looking statement contained in any document incorporated by reference, the date of that document.

 

All written and oral forward-looking statements concerning the transactions or other matters addressed in this proxy statement/prospectus and attributable to Ashland, ATB Holdings, New Ashland or Marathon or any person acting on their behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. Ashland, ATB Holdings, New Ashland and Marathon undertake no obligation to update such forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this proxy statement/prospectus or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

 

THE SPECIAL MEETING

 

This proxy statement/prospectus is being furnished to Ashland shareholders as of the record date for the special meeting of Ashland shareholders as part of the solicitation of proxies by the Ashland board of directors for use at the special meeting and at any and all adjournments or postponements of the special meeting.

 

Date, Time and Place

 

Ashland will hold the special meeting on     ,             , at         , local time, at                 . All Ashland shareholders on the record date are invited to attend the special meeting, although seating is limited. If shares are held in the name of a nominee (for example, through a bank or broker), the shareholder will need to bring a proxy or letter from that nominee that confirms the shareholder is the beneficial owner of those shares and, if the shareholder would like to vote at the special meeting, authorizes the shareholder to vote.

 

43


Table of Contents

Mailing of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus and Proxy Card

 

On or about     , 2005, this proxy statement/prospectus and a proxy card will be sent to each holder of record of Ashland common stock on the record date.

 

Purpose of the Special Meeting

 

At the special meeting, Ashland shareholders will consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements. No matters other than the proposal to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements will be brought before the special meeting.

 

Recommendation of the Ashland Board of Directors

 

The Ashland board of directors has unanimously determined that the terms of the transactions are fair to and in the best interests of Ashland and its shareholders and has unanimously adopted and approved the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

The Ashland board of directors unanimously recommends that Ashland shareholders vote “FOR” the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

Record Date; Shares Entitled to Vote; Quorum

 

Only holders of record of Ashland common stock at the close of business on     , the record date for the special meeting, are entitled to attend and vote at the special meeting. On the record date, approximately      shares of Ashland common stock were issued and outstanding and held by approximately      holders of record. A quorum will be present at the special meeting if the holders of a majority of the shares of Ashland common stock outstanding and entitled to vote on the record date are present, in person or by proxy. If a quorum is not present at the special meeting, it is expected that the special meeting will be postponed to solicit additional proxies. Holders of record of Ashland common stock on the record date are entitled to one vote per share at the special meeting.

 

Vote Required

 

Assuming a quorum is present, under Kentucky law, the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements by Ashland shareholders requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the special meeting as of the record date, either in person or by proxy.

 

Share Ownership of Ashland Directors, Executive Officers and Affiliates

 

At the close of business on the record date, Ashland’s directors and executive officers and their respective affiliates beneficially owned and were entitled to vote      shares of Ashland common stock, which represented     % of the shares of Ashland common stock outstanding on that date. Each Ashland director and executive officer has indicated his or her present intention to vote, or cause to be voted, the shares of Ashland common stock beneficially owned by him or her for the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

How to Vote

 

If shares are registered in the name of a nominee, an Ashland shareholder should follow the instructions provided by his or her nominee to vote his or her shares. If shares are registered in an Ashland shareholder’s name:

 

    The shareholder may vote in person at the special meeting.

 

44


Table of Contents
    The shareholder may vote by telephone, regardless of whether he or she receives his or her special meeting materials through the mail or over the Internet, by following the instructions on the proxy card or electronic access notification. If a shareholder votes by telephone, he or she should not vote over the Internet or mail in his or her proxy card.

 

    The shareholder may vote over the Internet, regardless of whether he or she receives his or her special meeting materials through the mail or over the Internet, by following the instructions on the proxy card or electronic access notification. If a shareholder votes over the Internet, he or she should not vote by telephone or mail in his or her proxy card.

 

    The shareholder may vote by mail. If the shareholder received a proxy card through the mail, he or she should complete and sign his or her proxy card and mail it in the enclosed prepaid and addressed envelope. If the shareholder marks his or her voting instructions on the proxy card, his or her shares will be voted as he or she instructs. If no voting specification is made on the signed and returned proxy card, James J. O’Brien or David L. Hausrath, as proxies named on the proxy card, will vote “FOR” the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements. If a shareholder votes by mail, he or she should not vote by telephone or over the Internet.

 

If shares are voted for the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements, the shareholder will lose his or her right to exercise dissenters’ rights.

 

Ashland’s proxy tabulator, National City Bank or its agent, must receive all voting instructions to the trustee of the Employee Savings Plan and the LESOP, whether given by telephone, over the Internet or by mail, before midnight Eastern Daylight Time on             ,             , 2005, and all other votes, which are submitted by telephone or over the Internet, before midnight Eastern Daylight Time on             ,             , 2005.

 

Voting of Proxies

 

All shares represented by properly executed proxies received prior to or at the special meeting, and not properly and timely revoked, will be voted at the special meeting in the manner specified by the shareholders giving those proxies. Properly executed proxies that do not contain voting instructions will be voted “FOR” the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

Shares of Ashland common stock represented at the special meeting but not voting, including shares representing abstentions or broker non-votes, will be treated as present at the special meeting for purposes of determining the presence or absence of a quorum for the transaction of all business. Only shares affirmatively voted for the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements, including properly executed proxies that do not contain voting instructions, will be counted as favorable votes for the proposal. An abstention or failure to vote will have the same effect as a vote against the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements, because the required vote of Ashland shareholders is based upon the number of outstanding shares of Ashland common stock, rather than the number of shares actually voted.

 

Also, under New York Stock Exchange rules, brokers that hold shares of Ashland common stock in street name for customers that are the beneficial owners of those shares may not give a proxy to vote those shares without specific instructions from those customers. If a shareholder fails to instruct his or her broker to vote his or her shares with respect to the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements, and the broker submits an unvoted proxy, the resulting broker non-vote will be counted toward a quorum at the special meeting, but it will have the same effect as a vote against the transactions and the transaction agreements, because the required vote of Ashland shareholders is based upon the number of outstanding shares of Ashland common stock, rather than the number of shares actually voted.

 

The persons named as proxies by an Ashland shareholder may vote for postponement or one or more adjournments of the special meeting, including adjournments to permit further solicitations of proxies. No proxy voted against the proposal to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements will be voted in favor of any postponement or adjournment.

 

45


Table of Contents

Revocability of Proxies

 

Submitting a proxy does not preclude an Ashland shareholder from voting in person at the special meeting. If a shareholder has not voted through a broker, the shareholder has the right to change or revoke his or her proxy:

 

    at any time before the special meeting by:

 

    notifying Ashland’s secretary in writing;

 

    returning a later-dated proxy card; or

 

    entering a later-dated telephone or Internet vote; or

 

    by voting in person at the special meeting.

 

However, any changes or revocations of voting instructions to the trustee of the LESOP and the Employee Savings Plan must be received by the Ashland proxy tabulator, National City Bank or its agent, before midnight Eastern Daylight Time on          , 2005. If a shareholder instructs a broker to vote his or her shares, the shareholder must follow the directions he or she receives from his or her broker in order to change or revoke his or her vote. Attendance at the special meeting without voting will not itself revoke a proxy.

 

Solicitation of Proxies

 

Ashland and Marathon will share the expenses incurred in connection with the printing and mailing of this proxy statement/prospectus. In addition to solicitation by mail, the directors, officers and employees of Ashland, who will not be specially compensated, may solicit proxies from Ashland shareholders by telephone, facsimile, telegram or other electronic means or in person. Arrangements will also be made with brokerage houses and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries for the forwarding of solicitation materials to the beneficial owners of shares held of record by these persons, and Ashland and Marathon will reimburse them for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses.

 

Shareholders should not send in any Ashland share certificates with their proxy cards. If the closing occurs, Ashland shareholders will be sent New Ashland share certificates without any further action on their part. In addition, a letter of transmittal with instructions for the surrender of existing Ashland share certificates in exchange for Marathon stock certificates will be mailed to shareholders as soon as practicable after the closing.

 

Ashland has retained Georgeson Shareholder Communications Inc. to assist in the solicitation of proxies for a fee not to exceed $100,000 plus a customary additional payment for telephone solicitations and reimbursement for certain out-of-pocket expenses, and will indemnify Georgeson Shareholder Communications Inc. against certain liabilities arising out of its proxy solicitation services on behalf of Ashland. Ashland and Marathon will share these fees and expenses equally.

 

Proxies for Participants in Ashland Plans

 

A shareholder’s proxy card represents all shares of Ashland common stock that are registered in the shareholder’s name and any shares the shareholder holds in Ashland’s Open Enrollment Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan, LESOP or Employee Savings Plan.

 

Shares of Ashland common stock credited to a shareholder’s account in the Open Enrollment Dividend Reinvestment Plan and Stock Purchase Plan will be voted by National City Bank, the plan administrator, in accordance with the shareholder’s voting instructions.

 

Each participant in the Employee Savings Plan or the LESOP will instruct the trustee how to vote the shares of Ashland common stock credited to the participant’s account in each plan. This instruction also applies to a proportionate number of those shares of Ashland common stock allocated to other participants’ accounts but for

 

46


Table of Contents

which voting instructions are not timely received by the trustee. These shares are referred to as non-directed shares. Each participant who gives the trustee such an instruction acts as a named fiduciary for the plans under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

 

Any participant in the Employee Savings Plan or the LESOP who wishes to vote the non-directed shares differently from the shares credited to his or her account or who wishes not to vote the non-directed shares at all may do so by requesting a separate voting instruction card from National City Bank, Corporate Trust Administration, Dept. 3116, 629 Euclid Avenue, Suite 635, Cleveland, Ohio 44114-3484.

 

THE COMPANIES

 

Ashland Inc.

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard

P.O. Box 391

Covington, KY 41012-0391

Telephone: (859) 815-3333

 

Ashland, a Kentucky corporation, was organized on October 22, 1936. Ashland’s businesses are grouped into five industry segments: APAC (as defined below); Ashland Distribution; Ashland Specialty Chemical; Valvoline; and Refining and Marketing. Financial information about each of these segments for the three fiscal years ended September 30, 2004 is set forth on pages F-26 and F-27 of Ashland’s annual report on Form 10-K, as amended, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2004, which has been incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus.

 

Ashland Paving And Construction, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“APAC”) perform asphalt and concrete contract construction work, including highway paving and repair, excavation and grading and bridge construction, and produce asphaltic mix and ready-mix concrete, crushed stone and other aggregate in the southern and mid-continent regions of the United States.

 

Ashland Distribution distributes chemicals, plastics and resins in North America and plastics in Europe. Ashland Distribution also provides environmental services.

 

Ashland Specialty Chemical is focused on two primary businesses: thermoset resins and water technologies. It is a worldwide supplier of specialty chemicals serving industries including: building and construction; commercial and institutional water treatment; graphic arts and printing; industrial water treatment; marine; metal casting; packaging and converting; pulp and paper; recreational marine; and transportation.

 

Ashland’s maleic anhydride business to be contributed to ATB Holdings in the transactions is a part of Ashland’s Specialty Chemicals segment. The maleic anhydride business produces maleic anhydride at its plant in Neal, West Virginia. Maleic anhydride is used in the production of unsaturated polyester resins, lube oil additives, co-polymers, alkyd resins, fumaric and malic acids and agricultural chemicals. The production capacity of the maleic anhydride business is currently 104 million pounds per year.

 

Valvoline is a producer and marketer of premium packaged motor oil and automotive chemicals, including appearance products, antifreeze, filters and automotive fragrances. In addition, Valvoline is engaged in the “fast oil change” business through outlets operating under the Valvoline Instant Oil Change® name. As of March 31, 2005, there were 359 company-owned and 405 franchised VIOC centers operating in 40 states.

 

The 60 Valvoline Instant Oil Change centers in Michigan and northwest Ohio to be contributed to ATB Holdings in the transactions provide services to the passenger car and light truck motor oil market.

 

47


Table of Contents

Ashland’s Refining and Marketing segment consists primarily of its 38% interest in MAP. Ashland accounts for its investment in MAP using the equity method. See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Companies—Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC.”

 

At March 31, 2005, Ashland and its consolidated subsidiaries had approximately 21,000 employees (excluding contract employees).

 

As part of the transactions, Ashland will merge with and into EXM LLC. EXM LLC will survive the merger and Ashland will cease to exist.

 

ATB Holdings Inc.

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard

P.O. Box 391

Covington, KY 41012-0391

Telephone: (859) 815-3333

 

ATB Holdings, a Delaware corporation organized in March 2004, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ashland formed for the purpose of the transactions. ATB Holdings has not conducted, and will not conduct, active business operations. As part of the transactions, Ashland will contribute its interest in MAP, its maleic anhydride business and 60 Valvoline Instant Oil Change centers located in Michigan and northwest Ohio to ATB Holdings. Subsequently, ATB Holdings will distribute shares of New Ashland common stock to the shareholders of Ashland (holding ATB Holdings shares at the effective time of the distribution) on the basis of one share of New Ashland common stock for each outstanding share of ATB Holdings common stock. In the final step of the transactions, ATB Holdings will merge with and into Marathon Domestic LLC. Marathon Domestic LLC will survive the merger and ATB Holdings will cease to exist.

 

EXM LLC

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard

P.O. Box 391

Covington, KY 41012-0391

Telephone: (859) 815-3333

 

EXM LLC, a Kentucky limited liability company organized in March 2004, is a wholly owned subsidiary of ATB Holdings formed for the purpose of the transactions. EXM LLC has not conducted, and will not conduct, active business operations. As part of the transactions, Ashland will merge with and into EXM LLC. EXM LLC will survive the merger and Ashland will cease to exist. Subsequently, as part of the transactions, EXM LLC will merge with and into New Ashland. New Ashland will survive the merger and EXM LLC will cease to exist.

 

New EXM Inc.

50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard

P.O. Box 391

Covington, KY 41012-0391

Telephone: (859) 815-3333

 

New EXM Inc., a Kentucky corporation organized in March 2004 and referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus as “New Ashland,” is a wholly owned subsidiary of ATB Holdings formed for the purpose of the transactions. New Ashland has not conducted, and will not conduct, any active business operations prior to the closing of the transactions. As a part of the transactions, New Ashland will (1) be renamed “Ashland Inc.,” (2) be the successor by merger to Ashland, (3) be a publicly traded company owned by Ashland shareholders, (4) own all of the businesses currently owned by Ashland other than Ashland’s interest in MAP, its maleic anhydride business and the 60 Valvoline Instant Oil Change centers located in Michigan and northwest Ohio to be contributed to ATB Holdings and (5) receive the proceeds of the partial redemption and the capital contribution. Ashland expects that New Ashland common stock will be traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange under the same symbol (“ASH”) under which Ashland currently trades.

 

48


Table of Contents

It is expected that the directors and executive officers of Ashland immediately prior to the closing of the transactions will serve as the directors and executive officers, respectively, of New Ashland immediately after the closing of the transactions. The New Ashland articles of incorporation that will be in effect upon the closing of the transactions provide that New Ashland will have three classes of directors, the initial terms of office of which will expire, respectively, at the New Ashland annual meeting of shareholders in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Class II directors will serve until the 2006 New Ashland annual meeting and until their respective successors are elected and qualified. It is expected that Mr. Roger W. Hale, Mr. Patrick F. Noonan and Mr. George A. Schaefer, Jr. will serve as Class II directors. Class III directors will serve until the 2007 New Ashland annual meeting and until their respective successors are elected and qualified. It is expected that Dr. Ernest H. Drew, Mr. Mannie L. Jackson, Mr. Theodore M. Solso and Mr. Michael J. Ward will serve as Class III directors. Class I directors will serve until the 2008 New Ashland annual meeting and until their respective successors are elected and qualified. It is expected that Dr. Bernadine P. Healy, Mr. James J. O’Brien and Ms. Kathleen Ligocki will serve as Class I directors. It is expected that the standing committees of the board of directors of New Ashland immediately prior to the closing of the transactions will be identical to the standing committees of the board of directors of Ashland immediately after the closing of the transactions.

 

After the closing of the transactions, New Ashland’s businesses will be grouped into four industry segments: APAC; Ashland Distribution; Specialty Chemicals (which will not include the maleic anhydride business being contributed to ATB Holdings); and Valvoline (which will not include the 60 Valvoline Instant Oil Change centers located in Michigan and northwest Ohio being contributed to ATB Holdings).

 

Marathon Oil Corporation

5555 San Felipe Road

Houston, Texas 77056-2723

Telephone: (713) 629-6600

 

Marathon is a global integrated energy company which, through its subsidiaries, is engaged in:

 

    the worldwide exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas;

 

    domestic refining, marketing and transportation of crude oil and petroleum products, primarily through MAP; and

 

    integrated gas.

 

Marathon currently conducts exploration, development and production activities in nine countries. Principal exploration activities are in the United States, Norway, Equatorial Guinea, Angola and Canada. Principal development and production activities are in the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Russia. Marathon is also pursuing opportunities in north and west Africa and the Middle East. In addition, Marathon, through its integrated gas segment, markets and transports natural gas and products manufactured from natural gas, such as liquefied natural gas and methanol, primarily in the United States and west Africa.

 

Marathon’s total proved reserves as of December 31, 2004 were estimated at 1.139 billion barrels of oil equivalent (“BOE”). For the year ended December 31, 2004, Marathon’s daily worldwide production averaged approximately 337,000 BOE per day. Natural gas represented approximately 51% of Marathon’s proved reserves as of December 31, 2004 and approximately 49% of its daily production for the year ended December 31, 2004. For the three months ended March 31, 2005, Marathon’s daily worldwide production averaged approximately 334,000 BOE per day, of which natural gas represented approximately 51%.

 

Marathon was originally organized in 2001 as USX HoldCo, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of USX Corporation. As a result of a reorganization completed in July 2001, USX HoldCo, Inc. became the parent entity of the consolidated enterprise and changed its name to USX Corporation. On December 31, 2001, Marathon, then named USX Corporation, disposed of its steel business through a tax-free distribution of the common stock of its wholly owned subsidiary United States Steel Corporation. In connection with that separation transaction, USX Corporation changed its name to Marathon Oil Corporation.

 

49


Table of Contents

Marathon Oil Company

5555 San Felipe Road

Houston, Texas 77056-2723

Telephone: (713) 629-6600

 

Marathon Oil Company is a wholly owned operating subsidiary of Marathon through which Marathon conducts substantially all of its operations and which owns Marathon’s 62% interest in MAP. Marathon Oil Company and its predecessors have been engaged in the oil and gas business since 1887.

 

Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC

539 South Main Street

Findlay, Ohio 45840

Telephone: (419) 422-2121

 

MAP, a Delaware limited liability company, was formed in June 1997. MAP is a petroleum refining, marketing and transportation company in which Marathon Oil Company currently owns a 62% interest and Ashland owns a 38% interest. Immediately after the transactions, all of the interests in MAP will be owned by Marathon Oil Company and Marathon Domestic LLC. As of March 31, 2005, MAP owned and operated seven refineries with an aggregate refining capacity of 948,000 barrels of crude oil per day. The refineries are integrated through pipelines and barges to maximize operating efficiency. As of March 31, 2005, MAP owned, leased, or had an ownership interest in approximately 2,860 miles of crude oil trunk lines and approximately 3,850 miles of product trunk lines. These transportation links allow the movement of intermediate products to optimize operations and facilitate the production of high-margin products. As of March 31, 2005, MAP supplied petroleum products to approximately 3,950 Marathon-branded and Ashland-branded retail outlets located primarily in Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky and Illinois. Retail sales of gasoline and diesel fuel are also made through MAP-operated outlets by Speedway SuperAmerica LLC (“SSA”), a wholly owned subsidiary of MAP. As of March 31, 2005, SSA had 1,659 retail outlets in nine states that sold petroleum products and convenience-store merchandise and services, primarily under the brand names “Speedway” and “SuperAmerica.” MAP operates a large system of pipelines and terminals, as well as a land-based and water-based transportation fleet, to provide crude oil to its refineries and refined products to its marketing areas.

 

MAP also owns 50% of Pilot Travel Centers LLC, the largest operator of travel centers in the United States, with 255 locations in 36 states as of March 31, 2005. The travel centers offer diesel fuel, gasoline and a variety of other services, including on-premises brand name restaurants.

 

Marathon Domestic LLC

5555 San Felipe Road

Houston, Texas 77056-2723

Telephone: (713) 629-6600

 

Marathon Domestic LLC, a Delaware limited liability company formed in March 2004, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Marathon formed for the purpose of the transactions. Marathon Domestic LLC has not conducted, and will not conduct, any active business operations prior to the closing of the transactions. As part of the transactions, ATB Holdings will merge with and into Marathon Domestic LLC, with Marathon Domestic LLC as the surviving entity. As a result, Marathon Domestic LLC will become the holder of Ashland’s interest in MAP, its maleic anhydride business and 60 Valvoline Instant Oil Change centers located in Michigan and northwest Ohio.

 

50


Table of Contents

THE TRANSACTIONS

 

Transaction Steps

 

The master agreement sets forth a series of steps necessary to complete the transactions. Following the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions to the closing of the transactions set forth in the master agreement, it is anticipated that these steps will occur on the day of closing of the transactions and in the following order:

 

1. Partial redemption. MAP will redeem a portion of Ashland’s 38% interest in MAP for a redemption price of approximately $900 million plus an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions, payable in a combination of cash and MAP accounts receivable. We refer to this redemption as the “partial redemption.” The actual portion to be redeemed will be determined by a formula, but it is expected that the partial redemption will leave Ashland with a continuing interest in MAP of approximately 28%. Ashland and Marathon have agreed that MAP will not make its quarterly distributions for the period from March 18, 2004, the date of the signing of the original master agreement, to the closing of the transactions or the termination of the master agreement in accordance with its terms, unless approved by a supermajority vote of the MAP board of managers. Although MAP has made no cash distributions since March 18, 2004, approximately one month prior to the date of the partial redemption MAP may make a pro rata cash distribution to Ashland and Marathon in a total amount to be determined shortly before that distribution. The total amount of the partial redemption and the ATB Holdings borrowing (defined below) will be $2,799,170,000, plus any increases as a result of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions or the last paragraph describing this step of the transactions.

 

Marathon will be responsible for ensuring that MAP has available a total amount of cash and accounts receivable sufficient to fund the partial redemption and both Marathon and Ashland will use reasonable best efforts to ensure that MAP has available the appropriate mix of cash and accounts receivable to fund the partial redemption. The MAP accounts receivable will be selected by Ashland in accordance with a protocol specified in the master agreement and will be valued using agreed discount factors to reflect credit risk and the time value of money. Marathon has represented that the information provided to Ashland by MAP in connection with Ashland’s evaluation of MAP’s accounts receivable is true and correct in all material respects.

 

Because the valuation of the transferred accounts receivable will take into account the associated credit risk, Ashland will bear the risk of nonpayment after transfer. To the extent any transferred account receivable is reduced or canceled (other than as a result of nonpayment), MAP will promptly assign a substitute receivable of the same value.

 

The amount of the partial redemption may be increased in two circumstances. MAP may increase the amount of the partial redemption if Marathon determines, after considering the requirements of applicable fraudulent transfer or conveyance laws, that the total amount of the partial redemption and the capital contribution described in paragraph 5 below is not reasonably equivalent to the total value of Ashland’s interest in MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers located in Michigan and northwest Ohio. The amount of the partial redemption may also be increased by 38% of certain pension contributions and similar payments by MAP in excess of specified thresholds.

 

2. Maleic anhydride business/VIOC centers contribution. Ashland will contribute its maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers located in Michigan and northwest Ohio to ATB Holdings and ATB Holdings will assume certain related liabilities. The contribution of these businesses will be effected pursuant to two assignment and assumption agreements. See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Assignment and Assumption Agreements.”

 

51


Table of Contents

3. MAP/LOOP/LOCAP contribution. Ashland will contribute to ATB Holdings its remaining interest in MAP, its 4% interest in LOOP LLC, which owns and operates the only U.S. deepwater oil port located off the coast of Louisiana, and its 8.62% interest in LOCAP LLC, which owns a crude oil pipeline, and ATB Holdings will assume certain related liabilities. The following diagram illustrates the contributions described in this paragraph and the preceding paragraph:

 

LOGO

 

4. Reorganization merger. Ashland will merge with and into EXM LLC, which will be the surviving business entity of that merger and a wholly owned subsidiary of ATB Holdings. We refer to this merger as the “reorganization merger.”

 

By virtue of the reorganization merger, each share of Ashland common stock will be converted into and represent one share of ATB Holdings common stock. All shares of Ashland common stock will no longer be outstanding, will automatically be canceled and retired and will cease to exist. However, dissenting shareholders of Ashland common stock who properly demand payment of the fair value of their shares of Ashland common stock pursuant to Subtitle 13 of the Kentucky Business Corporation Act will be entitled to payment of the fair value of their shares of Ashland common stock, rather than having their shares of Ashland common stock converted into shares of ATB Holdings common stock (and in turn receiving shares of New Ashland common stock in the distribution by ATB Holdings and having their shares of ATB Holdings common stock converted into the right to receive shares of Marathon common stock). See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions—Rights of Dissenting Shareholders.”

 

5. ATB Holdings borrowing and capital contribution. Marathon will arrange for a borrowing by ATB Holdings currently expected to be approximately $1.9 billion. We refer to this borrowing as the “ATB Holdings borrowing.” The ATB Holdings borrowing will be expressly non-recourse to Ashland and will otherwise be made on terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to Ashland. Marathon may guarantee or provide other credit support for the ATB Holdings borrowing. After the ATB Holdings borrowing is completed, ATB Holdings will promptly contribute to EXM LLC cash in an amount equal to the total amount of this borrowing. We refer to this contribution as the “capital contribution.”

 

52


Table of Contents

The following diagram illustrates the reorganization merger, the ATB Holdings borrowing and the capital contribution:

 

LOGO

 

6. Conversion merger. EXM LLC will merge with and into New Ashland, which will survive the merger. We refer to this merger as the “conversion merger.”

 

By virtue of the conversion merger, each EXM LLC membership interest will be converted into a number of shares of New Ashland common stock equal to the quotient of (1) the number of shares of ATB Holdings common stock outstanding prior to the conversion merger divided by (2) the number of EXM LLC membership interests outstanding prior to the conversion merger. All shares of New Ashland common stock held by ATB Holdings immediately prior to the conversion merger will no longer be outstanding, will automatically be canceled and retired and will cease to exist.

 

7. Distribution. ATB Holdings will distribute shares of New Ashland common stock to the shareholders of Ashland (now holding ATB Holdings shares at the effective time of the distribution) on the basis of one share of New Ashland common stock for each outstanding share of ATB Holdings common stock. We refer to this as the “distribution.” As a result of the distribution, shares of New Ashland common stock will be held by the former shareholders of Ashland common stock. New Ashland will receive the proceeds of the partial redemption and the capital contribution and own all of Ashland’s existing businesses, properties and assets other than Ashland’s interests in MAP, LOOP and LOCAP, the maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers contributed to ATB Holdings as described above.

 

8. Acquisition Merger. ATB Holdings will merge into Marathon Domestic LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Marathon, which will survive the merger. We refer to this merger as the “acquisition merger.”

 

By virtue of the acquisition merger, the shareholders of Ashland (holding ATB Holdings shares at the effective time of the acquisition merger) will have the right to receive, for each share of ATB Holdings common stock, a pro rata amount of shares of Marathon common stock with a total value of $915 million (based on a 20-trading day averaging period ending three trading days prior to the closing of the transactions

 

53


Table of Contents

but not counting the date of the closing) (the “acquisition merger consideration”). The acquisition merger consideration and the shares of New Ashland common stock to be distributed pursuant to the distribution are together referred to as the “aggregate shareholder consideration.”

 

The following diagram illustrates the conversion merger, the distribution and the acquisition merger:

 

LOGO

 

The following diagram illustrates the end result of the transactions:

 

LOGO

 

54


Table of Contents

Background of the Transactions

 

On January 1, 1998, Ashland and Marathon contributed substantially all of their respective petroleum supply, refining, marketing and transportation businesses to MAP in exchange for a 38% ownership interest in MAP, in the case of Ashland, and a 62% ownership interest in MAP, in the case of Marathon. Under the terms of the put/call, registration rights and standstill agreement entered into in connection with the formation of MAP, commencing on December 31, 2004, Marathon has an option to purchase Ashland’s interest in MAP at a purchase price equal to the fair market value of that interest plus a 15% premium, and commencing on January 1, 2005, Ashland has an option to sell that interest at a purchase price equal to the fair market value of that interest less a 15% discount or, with respect to any portion of the purchase price to be paid in equity securities, a 10% discount.

 

On May 29, 2002, representatives of Marathon initiated discussions with representatives of Ashland which ultimately led to the transactions. On that date, Clarence P. Cazalot, President and Chief Executive Officer of Marathon, and John T. Mills, then Chief Financial Officer of Marathon, met with Paul W. Chellgren, then Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Ashland, J. Marvin Quin, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Ashland, and David L. Hausrath, Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Ashland, in Covington, Kentucky to explore Ashland’s interest in a negotiated disposition of its interest in MAP. Subsequent to that date, members of Marathon’s executive management, led by Mr. Mills, from time to time met and participated in conference call discussions with members of Ashland’s executive management, led by Mr. Quin, to develop a proposed transaction structure.

 

By letter dated August 8, 2002, Mr. Cazalot proposed a transaction to Mr. Chellgren in which Marathon would acquire Ashland’s interest in MAP in a transaction that reflected a value of $2.75 billion for that interest, in the form of Marathon common stock and Marathon’s assumption of Ashland debt. During the week of August 19, 2002 and by letter dated August 29, 2002, Mr. Quin indicated to Mr. Mills that Ashland did not believe that this proposal provided sufficient economic incentives for Ashland and its shareholders.

 

On December 18, 2002, members of Marathon’s executive management, led by Messrs. Cazalot, Mills and William F. Schwind Jr., Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Marathon, met with members of Ashland’s executive management, led by James J. O’Brien, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Ashland, Mr. Quin and Mr. Hausrath, in Houston, Texas to discuss Marathon’s previous proposal, which had been rejected, and to explore the possibility of continuing discussions based on the previously discussed transaction structure.

 

During the week of March 10, 2003, Mr. Cazalot contacted Mr. O’Brien to express Marathon’s continuing interest in acquiring Ashland’s interest in MAP. By letter dated March 18, 2003, Mr. Cazalot outlined a proposal for Marathon to acquire Ashland’s interest in MAP in a transaction that valued Ashland’s interest at $2.9 billion. Under that proposal, approximately half of $2.85 billion of the consideration would be received by Ashland shareholders in the form of shares of Marathon common stock and approximately half of that amount would be received by Ashland in the form of Ashland debt obligations assumed by Marathon. The proposal also contemplated assumption by Marathon of up to $50 million of Ashland environmental liabilities relating to the assets Ashland contributed in the formation of MAP. The proposed consideration would be reduced to the extent that Marathon’s due diligence showed that the Ashland environmental liabilities to be assumed by Marathon would exceed $50 million.

 

On March 20, 2003, at its regular meeting, the Ashland board of directors received a briefing from Ashland’s executive management regarding Marathon’s March 2003 proposal. At this meeting, representatives of Credit Suisse First Boston, Ashland’s financial advisor, briefed the board on certain financial aspects of Marathon’s March 2003 proposal.

 

By letter dated March 24, 2003, Mr. O’Brien stated to Mr. Cazalot that, based on Mr. Cazalot’s letter of March 18, 2003 and subsequent conversations, Ashland was prepared to commence more detailed discussions regarding Marathon’s March 2003 proposal.

 

55


Table of Contents

On March 28, 2003, Ashland and Marathon entered into a confidentiality agreement in order to facilitate the exchange of information.

 

On April 9, 2003, representatives of Ashland, Credit Suisse First Boston, Ashland’s financial advisor, Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, Ashland’s legal advisor, Marathon, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Marathon’s financial advisor, and Baker Botts L.L.P., a Marathon legal advisor, met in Houston, Texas to discuss the principal issues relating to Marathon’s March 2003 proposal. After this meeting, the parties and their respective financial and legal advisors continued to evaluate those issues.

 

In early May 2003, Ashland and Marathon terminated their discussions regarding Marathon’s March 2003 proposal. The most significant reason was Marathon’s concern that it might be exposed to risk because of applicable fraudulent transfer laws in light of Ashland’s asbestos-related contingent liabilities. Under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and the laws of most states, a transfer could be held to be constructively fraudulent if the court determined that the transferor (1) received less than “reasonably equivalent value” or, in some jurisdictions, less than “fair consideration”, and (2) either was insolvent at the time of the transfer or was rendered insolvent by the transfer, was engaged or was about to engage in a business or transaction for which its remaining property constituted unreasonably small capital, or intended to incur or believed it would incur debts beyond its ability to pay as those debts matured. If the transferor, in this case Ashland, is thereafter unable to satisfy all of its creditors’ claims, fraudulent transfer law may provide unsatisfied creditors with a claim on the transferred assets, in this case the interest in MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers, or against the person who acquired them, in this case Marathon, regardless of the actual intent and legitimate business purposes of the parties. In early May 2003, Marathon decided that it could not proceed with its March 2003 proposal because of its concern that, because Ashland shareholders would have received approximately half of the proposed total consideration, Ashland might not receive “reasonably equivalent value” or “fair consideration,” under applicable legal interpretations of those terms, when viewed separately from its shareholders. By letter dated May 15, 2003, Mr. Cazalot confirmed to Mr. O’Brien this decision by Marathon and proposed further discussions to structure an alternative transaction to Marathon’s March 2003 proposal.

 

On May 15, 2003, at its regular meeting, the Ashland board of directors received a briefing from Ashland’s executive management on the status of Marathon’s March 2003 proposal, including a discussion of Marathon’s termination of that proposal.

 

From May 2003 through July 2003, representatives of Ashland, Credit Suisse First Boston, Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, Marathon, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Miller & Chevalier Chartered, a Marathon legal advisor, and Baker Botts L.L.P. engaged in discussions to structure an alternative transaction to Marathon’s March 2003 proposal in which Marathon would acquire a portion of Ashland’s business, including its interest in MAP. The transactions described in this proxy statement/prospectus and for which Ashland is seeking your approval arose out of those discussions. In order to address Marathon’s concerns regarding its March 2003 proposal, (1) Ashland and Marathon structured the transactions to involve an effective assumption of new debt by Marathon to be incurred to provide for retirement of outstanding indebtedness of Ashland and payments in connection with other financial obligations and a distribution by MAP to Ashland of cash and accounts receivable in partial redemption of Ashland’s interest in MAP along with an issuance of shares of Marathon common stock to Ashland shareholders, in order to provide “reasonably equivalent value” or “fair consideration” to Ashland, and Marathon obtained the AAA reasonably equivalent value opinion described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions—Opinions of American Appraisal Associates, Inc.” and (2) Ashland and Marathon obtained the solvency-related opinions described in the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions—Opinions of American Appraisal Associates, Inc.” and “The Transactions—Opinion of Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin Financial Advisors, Inc.” and conditioned the closing of the transactions on the updating of those opinions.

 

On June 24, 2003, representatives of Ashland and Marathon met in Washington, DC to discuss certain issues relating to the transactions, including environmental matters, Ashland’s existing debt obligations and the costs of seeking consents to the transactions under those obligations.

 

56


Table of Contents

By letter dated July 10, 2003, Mr. Cazalot proposed to Mr. O’Brien a transaction in which Marathon would acquire Ashland’s interest in MAP for total consideration of $2.9 billion. At this time, Marathon also distributed an initial draft of a term sheet outlining the principal terms and conditions of the transactions. From July 14, 2003 through late October 2003, representatives of Ashland, Credit Suisse First Boston, Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, Marathon, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Miller & Chevalier Chartered and Baker Botts L.L.P. had a series of meetings and discussions and exchanged correspondence regarding the transactions and distributed revised drafts of the term sheet reflecting such discussions and correspondence. In late October 2003, Ashland and Marathon decided to proceed with the drafting of definitive documentation relating to the transactions.

 

On July 16, 2003, at its regular meeting, the Ashland board of directors received a briefing from Ashland’s executive management on the status of the transactions. At this meeting and at each of the subsequent meetings on January 28, 2004, March 2, 2004, March 17, 2004 and March 18, 2004 discussed below, the Ashland board of directors considered various potential alternatives to the transactions, including the taxable acquisition by Marathon of Ashland’s interest in MAP and the exercise by Marathon of its option to acquire Ashland’s interest in MAP under the governing documents of MAP, and the possible outcomes associated with those alternatives, including the amount of net cash proceeds that could be received by Ashland under those potential alternatives. Members of Ashland’s law department briefed the board on the U.S. Federal income tax consequences of the transactions and compared those consequences to the U.S. Federal income tax consequences of Marathon’s March 2003 proposal. Members of Ashland’s law department also briefed the board on applicable fraudulent transfer laws and the fiduciary duties of the board.

 

On September 18, 2003, at its regular meeting, the Ashland board of directors received a briefing from Ashland’s executive management on the status of the transactions.

 

On November 6, 2003, at its regular meeting, the Ashland board of directors received a briefing from Ashland’s executive management on the status of the transactions. At this meeting, representatives of Credit Suisse First Boston briefed the board on certain financial aspects of the transactions. Representatives of Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, Ashland’s legal advisor, reviewed the U.S. Federal income tax consequences of the transactions. Members of Ashland’s executive management informed the board that Ashland’s maleic anhydride business and certain VIOC centers had been identified by the parties to be included in the transactions, and that, among other things, due diligence regarding these businesses had begun. In addition, members of Ashland’s executive management reviewed the impact of Ashland’s debt obligations on the transactions and also reviewed the outlook for New Ashland after giving effect to the transactions.

 

On November 10, 2003, Ashland distributed an initial draft of the master agreement to Marathon. From this date through March 2004, representatives of Ashland, Credit Suisse First Boston, Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, Marathon, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Miller & Chevalier Chartered and Baker Botts L.L.P. had a series of meetings and discussions regarding the transactions and distributed revised drafts of the master agreement and the other transaction agreements reflecting those discussions.

 

On January 28, 2004, at its regular meeting, the Ashland board of directors received a briefing from Ashland’s executive management on the status of the transactions. At this meeting, representatives of Credit Suisse First Boston briefed the board on certain financial aspects of the transactions. Members of Ashland’s law department and representatives of Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP reviewed the U.S. Federal income tax consequences of the transactions and the principal issues addressed in the tax matters agreement. In addition, the board was informed that Steptoe & Johnson LLP had been retained by Ashland in January 2004 to provide its independent assessment of certain U.S. Federal income tax consequences of the transactions because of the importance of the tax issues relating to the transactions and their associated risk, and to assist the board in the exercise of its fiduciary duties and its business judgment in considering the transactions. Members of Ashland’s executive management also reviewed the impact of Ashland’s debt obligations on the transactions and provided an update on, among other things, the status of the due diligence regarding the maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers.

 

57


Table of Contents

On the same date, Ashland engaged Houlihan Lokey for the purpose of rendering a written opinion as to New Ashland’s satisfaction of specified financial tests immediately after and giving effect to the transactions and on a pro forma basis.

 

On March 2, 2004, at a special meeting, the Ashland board of directors received a briefing from Ashland’s executive management on the status of the transactions. At this meeting, representatives of Credit Suisse First Boston briefed the board on certain financial aspects of the transactions. Members of Ashland’s executive management again reviewed the outlook for New Ashland after giving effect to the transactions. Representatives of Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP reviewed the board’s fiduciary duties. At this meeting, the Ashland board of directors made a determination to meet later that month to further consider the transactions and transaction agreements for adoption, approval and recommendation to Ashland’s shareholders.

 

On March 17 and 18, 2004, the Ashland board of directors met to consider the transactions. Members of Ashland’s executive management and representatives of Credit Suisse First Boston and Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP made presentations to the board and discussed with the board their views and analyses of the various business, financial, legal and regulatory aspects of the transactions, including a review of the terms and conditions of the transaction agreements. At these meetings, the board considered the outlook for New Ashland after giving effect to the transactions. In addition, the board considered, among other things, the financial results of the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers.

 

On March 17, 2004, members of Ashland’s law department reviewed the fiduciary duties of the board. In addition, representatives of Credit Suisse First Boston and Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP made a presentation on the due diligence regarding Marathon conducted by Ashland and its advisors. On the same date, Houlihan Lokey made a presentation to the board regarding New Ashland’s satisfaction of specified financial tests immediately after and giving effect to the transactions and on a pro forma basis, and subsequently confirmed this in a written opinion. AAA also made a presentation to the Ashland board of directors regarding the satisfaction of specified solvency-related tests by Ashland before the transactions, New Ashland immediately after and giving effect to the transactions and on a pro forma basis, and MAP both before the transactions and immediately after and giving effect to the transactions and on a pro forma basis.

 

On March 18, 2004, representatives of Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP reviewed the U.S. Federal income tax consequences of the transactions and the principal issues addressed in the tax matters agreement. Representatives of Steptoe & Johnson LLP also provided their independent assessment of certain U.S. Federal income tax consequences of the transactions. Representatives of Credit Suisse First Boston made a presentation to the board of directors regarding certain financial aspects of the transactions. In addition, Credit Suisse First Boston delivered its oral opinion, which was subsequently confirmed in writing, to the Ashland board of directors to the effect that the acquisition merger consideration (as defined under the terms of the original master agreement) to be received by the holders of shares of Ashland common stock pursuant to the acquisition merger was fair, from a financial point of view, to those holders. After further discussion and deliberation, the Ashland board of directors unanimously adopted and approved the transactions, the transaction agreements and the related ancillary agreements, determined that the terms of the transactions were fair to and in the best interests of Ashland and its shareholders, and recommended that Ashland shareholders vote to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

At board meetings held on July 31, 2002, April 30, 2003, July 30, 2003, September 24, 2003, October 29, 2003, November 26, 2003 and January 25, 2004, members of Marathon’s management provided the Marathon board of directors with various updates and reports regarding the status of discussions with Ashland relating to the proposed transactions and various related developments. At a board meeting held on February 25, 2004, members of Marathon’s management and representatives of Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Miller & Chevalier Chartered and Baker Botts L.L.P. reviewed with the Marathon board the current status of the proposed transaction and various items relating to: the structure of the proposed transactions; the terms of the proposed transaction agreements; various legal, tax and financial considerations relating to the proposed transactions; the

 

58


Table of Contents

conditions to closing of the proposed transactions; and the timetable for satisfaction of those closing conditions. At a board meeting held on March 18, 2004, members of Marathon’s management and its financial advisors provided the Marathon board of directors with an update of the items discussed at the February 25, 2004 board meeting. In addition, representatives of AAA delivered the AAA solvency opinions and the AAA reasonably equivalent value opinion described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions— Opinions of American Appraisal Associates, Inc.” After discussion and deliberation, the Marathon board of directors unanimously adopted and approved the transactions and the transaction agreements.

 

The transaction agreements were signed in Cincinnati, Ohio on March 18, 2004, and press releases announcing the transactions were issued prior to the opening of trading on the New York Stock Exchange on March 19, 2004.

 

On April 6, 2004, Ashland and Marathon jointly submitted a private letter rulings request with the Internal Revenue Service. Receipt of favorable private letter rulings as to various tax consequences was a condition to the closing of the transactions under the terms of the original master agreement. From this date through December 2004, representatives of Ashland, Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, Steptoe & Johnson LLP, Marathon and Miller & Chevalier Chartered had a series of meetings and discussions with representatives of the Internal Revenue Service regarding the transactions and the private letter rulings request.

 

On June 21, 2004, Ashland filed a preliminary proxy statement on Schedule 14A with the SEC relating to the transactions. On August 31, 2004, Ashland filed a revised preliminary proxy statement on Schedule 14A with the SEC relating to the transactions.

 

On September 16, 2004, at its regular meeting, the Ashland board of directors received a briefing from Ashland’s executive management on the status of the transactions, including the status of the discussions with the Internal Revenue Service regarding the private letter rulings request.

 

On October 12, 2004, ATB Holdings and New Ashland filed a registration statement on Form S-4 with the SEC relating to the transactions, and Marathon filed a registration statement on Form S-4 with the SEC relating to the transactions.

 

On November 4, 2004, at its regular meeting, the Ashland board of directors received a briefing from Ashland’s executive management on the status of the transactions, including the status of the discussions with the Internal Revenue Service regarding the private letter rulings request.

 

On December 20, 2004, after further discussions with the Internal Revenue Service each of Marathon and Ashland issued a press release announcing that the Internal Revenue Service had indicated that it did not intend to provide all of the private letter rulings requested by Ashland and Marathon. From December 2004 through April 2005, representatives of Ashland, Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, Steptoe & Johnson LLP, Marathon, Baker Botts L.L.P. and Miller & Chevalier Chartered had a series of meetings and discussions regarding the transactions and possible modifications to the transactions. During this period, the parties also continued discussions with the Internal Revenue Service regarding the private letter rulings request, the transactions and possible modifications to the transactions, including the possibility of executing a closing agreement with the Internal Revenue Service.

 

On January 25, 2005, Ashland issued an earnings release that included an update on the status of the transactions, including that discussions with the Internal Revenue Service were ongoing.

 

On January 26, 2005, at its regular meeting, the Ashland board of directors received a briefing from Ashland’s executive management on the status of the transactions, including the status of the discussions with the Internal Revenue Service regarding the private letter rulings request and possible modifications to the transactions. At this meeting, representatives of Credit Suisse First Boston briefed the board on certain financial aspects of the transactions.

 

59


Table of Contents

On January 27, 2005, Marathon issued an earnings release that included an update on the status of the transactions, including a statement to the effect that the parties were continuing to pursue the completion of the transactions.

 

On February 8, 2005, Ashland issued a press release updating the status of the transactions, including that discussions with the Internal Revenue Service were ongoing.

 

From February 2005 through March 2005, Mr. O’Brien and Mr. Cazalot had a number of conversations and exchanged a series of letters regarding possible modifications to the transactions, including allocating liability between the parties for taxes arising under Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code in connection with the transactions and increasing the total consideration to be received by Ashland and its shareholders in the transactions.

 

On March 17, 2005, at its regular meeting, the Ashland board of directors received a briefing from Ashland’s executive management on the status of the transactions, including the status of the discussions with the Internal Revenue Service regarding the private letter rulings request and possible modifications to the transactions. At this meeting, representatives of Credit Suisse First Boston briefed the board on certain financial aspects of the transactions. In addition, representatives of Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP briefed the board on certain legal and contractual aspects of the transactions and also reviewed the fiduciary duties of the board.

 

On March 28, 2005, Ashland engaged Aegis Energy Advisors Corp. for the purpose of assisting Ashland’s board of directors and executive management in analyzing market conditions and valuations in the refining and marketing industry.

 

At board meetings held on May 26, 2004, July 28, 2004, September 30, 2004, October 27, 2004, November 24, 2004, January 21, 2005, February 23, 2005 and March 28, 2005, members of Marathon’s management provided the Marathon board of directors with various updates and reports regarding the status of the transactions, including from time to time the status of the ongoing discussions with the Internal Revenue Service.

 

On March 30, 2005, at a special meeting, the Ashland board of directors received a briefing from Ashland’s executive management on the status of the transactions, including possible modifications to the transactions. At this meeting, representatives of Aegis Energy Advisors Corp. briefed the board on market conditions and valuations in the refining and marketing industry, including its views on historical refining margins, current refining margin outlooks, current public equity market valuations in the industry and supply and demand conditions in the industry. In addition, representatives of Credit Suisse First Boston briefed the board on certain financial aspects of the transactions. The Ashland board of directors also considered various potential alternatives to the transactions, including a negotiated taxable acquisition by Marathon of Ashland’s interest in MAP and the exercise by Marathon of its option to acquire Ashland’s interest in MAP under the governing documents of MAP, and the possible outcomes associated with those alternatives. After further discussion and deliberation and consideration of the views of Ashland’s executive management, Aegis Energy Advisors Corp. and Credit Suisse First Boston, the Ashland board of directors instructed Ashland’s executive management to seek an additional $500 million of total consideration for the benefit of Ashland and its shareholders in connection with the proposed modification to the transactions.

 

On March 31, 2005, Mr. O’Brien proposed to Mr. Cazalot a modification to the transactions such that Ashland and its shareholders would receive an additional $500 million in total consideration over that provided for under the terms of the original master agreement.

 

By letter dated April 12, 2005, Mr. Cazalot proposed terms for a modification to the transactions that included an increase in the value of shares of Marathon common stock to be received by Ashland shareholders in the transactions from $315 million to $815 million. Between April 15, 2005 and April 27, 2005, the parties and

 

60


Table of Contents

their respective legal and financial advisors exchanged drafts of a term sheet outlining the principal terms and conditions of the modification to the transactions, the amendment to the master agreement and the amended and restated tax matters agreement, and the parties had a number of conversations relating to these documents, the consideration to be provided in the transactions and the other modifications to the transactions.

 

On April 26, 2005, Ashland’s executive management, after consideration of developments in comparable public company valuations and acquisitions, including the proposed Valero-Premcor transaction, and consultation with Ashland’s financial advisor, Credit Suisse First Boston, determined that it would be advisable to seek $200 million of additional total consideration to present to Ashland’s board of directors in connection with its evaluation of the proposed modification to the transactions. Mr. O’Brien communicated Ashland’s position to Mr. Cazalot later that day.

 

On April 26, 2005, the Marathon board of directors met to consider the modifications to the transactions. Members of Marathon’s management and representatives of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Baker Botts L.L.P. reviewed with the Marathon board the current status of the proposed modifications to the transactions and various items relating to: the structure of the proposed transactions as modified; the terms of the proposed amendments to the transaction agreements; various legal, tax and financial considerations relating to the proposed transactions; the conditions to closing of the proposed transactions; and the timetable for satisfaction of those closing conditions. In advance of that meeting, Mr. Cazalot and other members of management of Marathon conferred with representatives of both Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Morgan Stanley & Co., Incorporated regarding the proposed transaction and alternatives to the proposed transaction. After discussion and deliberation at the April 26, 2005 meeting, the Marathon board of directors unanimously adopted and approved the general terms of the modifications to the transactions as set forth in Mr. Cazalot’s letter dated April 12, 2005 and authorized a special committee of the board of directors to approve further modifications following the finalization of negotiations regarding the consideration to be delivered by Marathon in connection with the transactions.

 

On April 27, 2005, the special committee of Marathon’s board of directors met and reviewed the current status of the proposed transactions, which, after further negotiations, included $100 million of additional consideration to be paid to Ashland’s stockholders in the form of Marathon common stock and a $100 million increase in the amount of the partial redemption of Ashland’s interest in MAP. After discussion and deliberation, the special committee approved the transactions as modified. In connection with that approval, representatives of AAA orally delivered an updated reasonably equivalent value opinion, which was subsequently confirmed in writing.

 

On April 27, 2005, the Ashland board of directors met to consider the modification to the transactions. Members of Ashland’s executive management and representatives of Credit Suisse First Boston and Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP made presentations to the board and discussed with the board their views and analyses of the various business, financial, legal and regulatory aspects of the modification to the transactions, including a review of the terms and conditions of the amendment to the master agreement and the amended and restated tax matters agreement. Representatives of Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP reviewed the fiduciary duties of the board. Representatives of Houlihan Lokey made a presentation to the board regarding New Ashland’s satisfaction of specified financial tests immediately after and giving effect to the transactions and on a pro forma basis, and subsequently confirmed this in its written opinion dated April 27, 2005. Representatives of Credit Suisse First Boston made a presentation to the board of directors regarding certain financial aspects of the modification to the transactions. In addition, Credit Suisse First Boston delivered its oral opinion, which was subsequently confirmed in writing, to the Ashland board of directors to the effect that the aggregate shareholder consideration to be received by the holders of Ashland common stock pursuant to the distribution and the acquisition merger was fair, from a financial point of view, to those holders. After further discussion and deliberation, the Ashland board of directors unanimously adopted and approved the transactions as modified, the transaction agreements as amended and the related ancillary agreements, determined that the terms of the transactions as modified were fair to and in the best interests of Ashland and its shareholders, and recommended that Ashland shareholders vote to approve the transactions as modified and the transaction agreements as amended.

 

The amendment to the master agreement and the tax matters agreement were signed in Cincinnati, Ohio on April 27, 2005, and both Ashland and Marathon issued press releases announcing the modification to the transactions prior to the opening of trading on the New York Stock Exchange on April 28, 2005.

 

61


Table of Contents

Recommendation of the Ashland Board of Directors

 

The Ashland board of directors unanimously determined, at a meeting held on April 27, 2005, that the terms of the transactions are fair to and in the best interests of Ashland and its shareholders. Accordingly, at that meeting, the Ashland board of directors unanimously adopted and approved the transactions, transaction agreements and the ancillary agreements relating to the transactions, and unanimously recommended that Ashland shareholders vote “FOR” the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements. For a discussion of the benefits and other interests of directors and executive officers of Ashland that are different from or in addition to the interests of other shareholders, see the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions—Interests of Directors and Executive Officers of Ashland.” The Ashland board of directors determined that these benefits were such that they would not affect the ability of the members of the Ashland board of directors to discharge their duties.

 

Ashland’s Reasons for the Transactions

 

In reaching its determination that the terms of the transactions are fair to and in the best interests of Ashland and its shareholders and its decision to unanimously adopt and approve the transactions, the transaction agreements and the ancillary agreements relating to the transactions, and to unanimously recommend that Ashland shareholders approve the transactions and the transaction agreements, the Ashland board of directors consulted with executive management and the financial, legal and other advisors of Ashland, and considered a variety of factors with respect to the transactions, including the following factors:

 

    Elimination of the uncertainties associated with the put/call agreement. The transactions provide timing and valuation certainty to Ashland and its shareholders with respect to Ashland’s interest in MAP. The Ashland board of directors and executive management believe that the transactions are superior to a purchase by Marathon of Ashland’s interest pursuant to their respective options under the put/call agreement described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions—Existing MAP Agreement—Put/Call, Registration Rights and Standstill Agreement,” which belief was based on a number of factors, including those listed in this proxy statement/prospectus.

 

    Intended tax treatment of the transactions for U.S. Federal income tax purposes. The transactions have been structured to be generally tax-free to Ashland shareholders and tax-efficient to Ashland and New Ashland. See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Transactions.”

 

    Ashland’s strategic focus. The Ashland board of directors and executive management believe that the transactions complement Ashland’s strategic focus and are another step in Ashland’s strategy of transforming and improving its performance and financial dynamics by focusing on its wholly owned businesses.

 

    Transactions are superior to alternatives. The Ashland board of directors and executive management believe that a more attractive strategic transaction with respect to Ashland’s interest in MAP is not achievable by Ashland at this time.

 

    Financial strength and flexibility of New Ashland. The transactions and the intended use of proceeds of the partial redemption and the capital contribution will provide New Ashland with funds sufficient to repurchase, repay or defease outstanding indebtedness, so that New Ashland will have the ability to raise substantial cash through borrowings for investment in New Ashland’s businesses. The anticipated financial strength of New Ashland will provide it with increased flexibility, including a greater ability to pursue new product developments and acquisition opportunities.

 

    Ashland shareholders’ continued participation in MAP. By virtue of their ownership of shares of Marathon common stock upon the closing of the transactions, Ashland shareholders will continue to have an opportunity, though reduced, to participate in the future performance of MAP.

 

    Removal of the potential for misalignment. The transactions eliminate the potential that a misalignment of the interests of Ashland and Marathon, as co-owners of MAP, could adversely affect MAP’s future growth and financial performance.

 

62


Table of Contents
    Executive management recommendation of the transactions. The Ashland board of directors considered the recommendation of the transactions by Ashland executive management.

 

    Opinion of Credit Suisse First Boston. The Ashland board of directors considered the financial presentation of Ashland’s financial advisor, Credit Suisse First Boston, including its opinion to the effect that, as of the date of its opinion and based upon and subject to the matters described in its opinion, the aggregate shareholder consideration to be received by Ashland shareholders pursuant to the distribution and the acquisition merger was fair, from a financial point of view, to Ashland shareholders.

 

    Opinion of Houlihan Lokey. The Ashland board of directors considered the presentation of Houlihan Lokey, including its opinion, regarding New Ashland’s satisfaction of specified financial tests immediately after and giving effect to the transactions.

 

    Financial review. The Ashland board of directors considered the business, operations, financial condition, earnings and prospects of each of Ashland, MAP and Marathon and the anticipated business, operations, financial condition, earnings and prospects of New Ashland.

 

    Transaction terms and conditions. The Ashland board of directors and executive management believe that the terms and conditions of the transaction agreements and the ancillary agreements are appropriate for the transactions.

 

    Due diligence. The Ashland board of directors considered the results of the due diligence review of the business, properties and prospects of Marathon conducted by Ashland and its financial and legal advisors.

 

The Ashland board of directors also identified and considered countervailing factors in its deliberations concerning the transactions and the transaction agreements, including the following:

 

    the possibility that by completing the transactions and foregoing a potential exercise by Marathon of its option to purchase Ashland’s interest in MAP under the put/call agreement described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions—Existing MAP Agreements—Put/Call, Registration Rights and Standstill Agreement,” that Ashland would receive less value after taxes than it would have had Marathon exercised its option, because of uncertainties involved in determining the fair market value of Ashland’s interest in MAP under the terms of the put/call agreement;

 

    the timing of the execution of a closing agreement with the Internal Revenue Service, including the possibility of delay in executing such agreement or the imposition of unfavorable terms or conditions in order to execute such agreement;

 

    the risk that the closing of the transactions may not occur and the potential adverse consequences if the closing of the transactions does not occur;

 

    the provisions of the master agreement relating to Ashland’s indemnification of Marathon for losses under the circumstances described in the master agreement;

 

    New Ashland’s potential liabilities to Marathon under the tax matters agreement, including the matters described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Risk Factors”;

 

    the risk associated with Ashland’s obtaining consents of series of debt issued under the Ashland Public Indenture and the potential adverse consequences if the required consents are not obtained or if the required consents are obtained but any one or more series of Ashland public debt does not consent to the transactions;

 

    the provisions of the master agreement relating to non-solicitation of competing proposals, termination of the master agreement and payment of a termination fee under the circumstances described in the master agreement and the impact that those obligations may have on potential third party acquirors and on the ability of Ashland to respond to any potential third party offer;

 

    the possible disruption of Ashland’s business that might result from the announcement of the transactions and the diversion of management’s attention from Ashland’s business because of the transactions; and

 

63


Table of Contents
    the various risk factors set forth under the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Risk Factors.”

 

The Ashland board of directors determined that these negative factors were outweighed by the potential benefits of the transactions.

 

This discussion includes the material information and factors the Ashland board of directors considered but is not intended to be exhaustive. In view of the variety of factors and quality and amount of information considered, the Ashland board of directors did not find it practicable to make and did not make specific assessments of, or quantify or assign relative weights to, the specific factors it considered in reaching its determination to unanimously adopt and approve the transactions, the transaction agreements and the ancillary agreements relating to the transactions. Instead, the Ashland board of directors made its determination after consideration of all factors taken together and after thorough discussions with and questioning of its management and financial, legal and other advisors. Individual members of the Ashland board of directors may have given different weight to different factors.

 

There can be no assurance that any of the potential benefits considered by the Ashland board of directors will be realized. See the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Risk Factors” and “Disclosure Regarding Forward Looking Statements.”

 

Marathon’s Reasons for the Transactions

 

Marathon is seeking to acquire Ashland’s minority interest in MAP because owning 100% of MAP will provide Marathon with the financial and strategic flexibility to capture and fund growth opportunities in its upstream, downstream and integrated gas business segments. Additionally, the transactions will increase Marathon’s ownership in the downstream business without the risks commonly associated with integrating a newly acquired business.

 

Marathon’s board of directors, at a meeting held on April 26, 2005, and the special committee of the board, at a meeting in April 27, 2005, unanimously determined that the terms of the transactions are fair to and in the best interests of Marathon and its stockholders and unanimously approved and adopted the transaction agreements and the transactions. In reaching its decision to approve and adopt the transaction agreements and the transactions, the board of directors considered many factors, including the following strategic benefits Marathon believes will arise from the closing of the transactions:

 

    Strong refining and marketing fundamentals. Marathon believes the outlook for the refining and marketing business is attractive in MAP’s core areas of operation. Complete ownership of MAP provides Marathon the opportunity to leverage MAP’s access to premium U.S. markets where Marathon expects the levels of demand to remain high for the foreseeable future and where Marathon expects MAP will continue to have adequate sources of supply of crude oil and other feedstocks.

 

    Increased source of cash flows from a stable economic and political environment. One of the ways Marathon assesses the economic and political risks associated with its increasingly global businesses is by comparing resources from member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”), including the United States, with resources from non-OECD countries. MAP provides Marathon with a source of high-quality OECD cash flow, which Marathon believes enhances the geographical balance in Marathon’s overall risk portfolio. Further, the increase in Marathon’s long-term OECD cash flows that will result from the transactions will enhance Marathon’s financial flexibility to expand its upstream and integrated gas businesses in non-OECD countries.

 

    Accretion to earnings and cash flow. Marathon anticipates the transactions will be accretive to earnings per share and cash flow.

 

   

Elimination of uncertainties associated with the put/call agreement. Under the terms of the put/call agreement described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The

 

64


Table of Contents
 

Transactions—Existing MAP Agreements—Put/Call, Registration Rights and Standstill Agreement,” Marathon has the option to purchase Ashland’s interest in MAP at a cash purchase price equal to the fair market value of the interest plus a 15% premium. Similarly, Ashland has the option to sell that interest to Marathon Oil Company for a purchase price in cash and/or Marathon debt or equity securities equal to the fair market value of the interest less a 15% discount (10% to the extent equity securities are used). The master agreement provides that the parties cannot exercise their respective options unless the master agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms. The transactions eliminate the timing and valuation uncertainties associated with the exercise of the respective options, as well as the associated premium and discount.

 

    Removal of the potential for misalignment. The transactions eliminate the potential that a misalignment of the interests of Ashland and Marathon, as co-owners of MAP, could adversely affect MAP’s future growth and financial performance.

 

This discussion includes the material information and factors the Marathon board of directors considered but is not intended to be exhaustive. In view of the variety of factors and quality and amount of information considered, the Marathon board of directors did not find it practicable to make and did not make specific assessments of, or quantify or assign relative weights to, the specific factors it considered in reaching its determination to approve and adopt the transaction agreements and the transactions. Instead, the Marathon board of directors made its determination after consideration of all factors taken together and after thorough discussions with and questioning of its management and legal, financial and other advisors. Individual members of the Marathon board of directors may have given different weight to different factors.

 

There can be no assurance that any of the potential benefits considered by the Marathon board of directors will be realized. See the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Risk Factors” and “Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

O pinion of Ashland’s Financial Advisor

 

Credit Suisse First Boston has acted as financial advisor to Ashland in connection with the transactions. Ashland selected Credit Suisse First Boston based upon Credit Suisse First Boston’s experience, reputation and familiarity with the business sectors in which Ashland, MAP and Marathon conduct their respective businesses. Credit Suisse First Boston is an internationally recognized investment banking firm and is regularly engaged in the valuation of businesses and securities in connection with mergers and acquisitions, leveraged buyouts, negotiated underwritings, competitive biddings, secondary distributions of listed and unlisted securities, private placements and valuations for corporate and other purposes.

 

In connection with Credit Suisse First Boston’s engagement, the board of directors of Ashland requested that Credit Suisse First Boston evaluate the fairness, from a financial point of view, to the holders of Ashland’s common stock, other than Marathon and its affiliates, of the aggregate shareholder consideration to be received by those shareholders pursuant to the distribution and the acquisition merger. On April 27, 2005, at a meeting of the board of directors of Ashland held to evaluate the transactions, Credit Suisse First Boston delivered to the board of directors its opinion to the effect that, as of that date and based upon and subject to the matters described in its opinion, the aggregate shareholder consideration to be received pursuant to the distribution and the acquisition merger was fair, from a financial point of view, to the holders of Ashland’s common stock, other than Marathon and its affiliates. Credit Suisse First Boston assumed, with the consent of the board of directors of Ashland, that the holders of Ashland’s common stock will, by means of the reorganization merger, be the holders of ATB Holdings’s common stock entitled to receive the aggregate shareholder consideration pursuant to the distribution and the acquisition merger.

 

The full text of Credit Suisse First Boston’s written opinion to the board of directors, dated April 27, 2005, which sets forth the procedures followed, assumptions made, matters considered and limitations of the review undertaken, is attached as Annex I to this proxy statement/prospectus and is incorporated by reference in this

 

65


Table of Contents

proxy statement/prospectus. Holders of Ashland’s common stock are encouraged to read this opinion carefully and in its entirety. Credit Suisse First Boston’s opinion was provided to the board of directors in connection with its evaluation of the aggregate shareholder consideration and relates only to the fairness, from a financial point of view, of the aggregate shareholder consideration to be received by the holders of Ashland’s common stock, other than Marathon and its affiliates, does not address any other aspect of the transactions or any related transactions and does not constitute a recommendation to any Ashland shareholder as to any matter relating to the transactions or any related transactions, including how such shareholder should vote or act. The summary of Credit Suisse First Boston’s opinion in this proxy statement/prospectus is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the opinion.

 

In arriving at its opinion, Credit Suisse First Boston:

 

    reviewed the original master agreement, a draft of the amendment to the master agreement, the assignment and assumption agreement (maleic business), the assignment and assumption agreement (VIOC centers), a draft of the amended and restated tax matters agreement, and drafts or execution copies of the amendments to the MAP limited liability company agreement and related documents and other agreements;

 

    reviewed publicly available business and financial information relating to Ashland, Marathon and MAP;

 

    reviewed other information, including financial forecasts, that were provided to Credit Suisse First Boston by Ashland, Marathon and MAP;

 

    discussed the business and prospects of Ashland, New Ashland, Marathon, MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers with Ashland’s, Marathon’s and MAP’s management;

 

    considered financial and stock market data of Ashland, New Ashland (on a pro forma basis) and Marathon, and financial data of MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers, and compared those data with similar data for publicly held companies in businesses similar to Ashland, New Ashland (on a pro forma basis), Marathon, MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers;

 

    considered, to the extent publicly available, the financial terms of certain other business combinations and other transactions which have recently been announced or effected; and

 

    considered other information, financial studies, analyses and investigations and financial, economic and market criteria which it deemed relevant.

 

In connection with its review, Credit Suisse First Boston did not assume any responsibility for independent verification of any of the information that it reviewed or considered and relied on that information being complete and accurate in all material respects. With respect to the financial forecasts (including forecasts relating to the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers prepared by Ashland), Credit Suisse First Boston was advised, and assumed, that they were reasonably prepared on bases reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments of Ashland’s, Marathon’s and MAP’s management as to the future financial performance of Ashland, New Ashland, Marathon, MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers. Credit Suisse First Boston was not requested to make, and did not make, an independent evaluation or appraisal of the assets or liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of Ashland, Marathon, MAP, the maleic anhydride business or the VIOC centers. Credit Suisse First Boston’s opinion was necessarily based upon information available to it, and financial, economic, market and other conditions as they existed and could be evaluated, on the date of its opinion. Credit Suisse First Boston did not express any opinion as to the actual value of the New Ashland common stock or the Marathon common stock when issued or distributed pursuant to the distribution or the acquisition merger or the prices at which such common stock would trade at any time. Credit Suisse First Boston relied on the views and assessments of the management of Ashland with respect to the MAP accounts receivable to be distributed to Ashland as part of the partial redemption and assumed without independent verification that their valuations thereof represented reasonable estimates with respect to the value of those accounts receivable.

 

66


Table of Contents

Credit Suisse First Boston assumed, with the consent of the board of directors of Ashland, that in the course of obtaining the necessary regulatory and third party approvals and consents for the transactions and related transactions, no modification, delay (beyond the outside date for closing (as defined in this proxy statement/prospectus and the master agreement)), limitation, restriction or condition would be imposed that would have an adverse effect on New Ashland or Marathon or the contemplated benefits of the transactions or related transactions in any respect material to its analysis. Credit Suisse First Boston also assumed, with the consent of the board of directors of Ashland, that the transactions and related transactions would be consummated in accordance with the terms of the master agreement, the assignment and assumption agreement (maleic business), the assignment and assumption agreement (VIOC centers), the amended and restated tax matters agreement and the MAP limited liability company agreement amendments and related documents and agreements, and that the parties would comply with their respective obligations under these agreements and documents, in each case, without waiver, modification or amendment of any material terms, conditions or agreements, and in compliance with all applicable laws (including, without limitation, laws relating to insolvency and fraudulent conveyance and to the payment of dividends). Credit Suisse First Boston assumed that all documents and agreements which it reviewed in draft form would not, when finalized or executed, differ from the drafts it reviewed in any respect material to its analysis. Credit Suisse First Boston also assumed, with the consent of the board of directors, that the receipt of the ATB Holdings common stock in connection with the reorganization merger, the receipt of the New Ashland common stock in connection with the distribution and the receipt of the Marathon common stock in connection with the acquisition merger, would be tax-free for United States federal income tax purposes to the shareholders of Ashland, and that none of Marathon, Ashland, New Ashland or any of their respective affiliates would recognize material income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of the transactions or related transactions (other than under Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, subject to the indemnification obligations set forth in the amended and restated tax matters agreement).

 

Credit Suisse First Boston’s opinion did not address the relative merits of the transactions or any related transactions compared to other business strategies that might be available to Ashland, nor did it address the underlying business decision of Ashland to proceed with the transactions or any related transactions. Credit Suisse First Boston was not requested to, and did not, solicit third party indications of interest in acquiring all or any part of Ashland, Ashland’s interest in MAP, the maleic anhydride business or the VIOC centers.

 

In preparing its opinion to the board of directors, Credit Suisse First Boston performed a variety of financial and comparative analyses, including those described below. The summary of Credit Suisse First Boston’s analyses described below is not a complete description of the analyses underlying Credit Suisse First Boston’s opinion. The preparation of a fairness opinion is a complex process involving various determinations as to the most appropriate and relevant methods of financial analysis and the application of those methods to the particular circumstances and, therefore, a fairness opinion is not readily susceptible to partial analysis or summary description. In arriving at its opinion, Credit Suisse First Boston made qualitative judgments as to the significance and relevance of each analysis and factor that it considered. Accordingly, Credit Suisse First Boston believes that its analyses must be considered as a whole and that selecting portions of its analyses and factors or focusing on information presented in tabular format, without considering all analyses and factors or the narrative description of the analyses, could create a misleading or incomplete view of the processes underlying its analyses and opinion.

 

In its analyses, Credit Suisse First Boston considered industry performance, general business, economic, market and financial conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond the control of Ashland, New Ashland and Marathon. No company, transaction or business used in Credit Suisse First Boston’s analyses as a comparison is identical to Ashland, New Ashland, Marathon, MAP, the maleic anhydride business or the VIOC centers or the proposed transactions, and an evaluation of the results of those analyses is not entirely mathematical. Rather, the analyses involve complex considerations and judgments concerning financial and operating characteristics and other factors that could affect the acquisition, public trading or other values of the companies, business segments or transactions analyzed. The estimates contained in Credit Suisse First Boston’s analyses and the ranges of valuations resulting from any particular analysis are not necessarily indicative of

 

67


Table of Contents

actual values or predictive of future results or values, which may be significantly more or less favorable than those suggested by the analyses. In addition, analyses relating to the value of businesses or securities do not purport to be appraisals or to reflect the prices at which businesses or securities actually may be sold. Accordingly, the estimates used in, and the results derived from, Credit Suisse First Boston’s analyses are inherently subject to substantial uncertainty.

 

Credit Suisse First Boston’s opinion and financial analyses were only one of many factors considered by the board of directors of Ashland in its evaluation of the proposed transactions and should not be viewed as determinative of the views of the board of directors or Ashland’s management with respect to the transactions or the aggregate shareholder consideration. Although Credit Suisse First Boston evaluated the aggregate shareholder consideration from a financial point of view, it was not requested to, and did not, determine or recommend the specific consideration to be paid in the transactions.

 

The following is a summary of the material financial analyses underlying Credit Suisse First Boston’s opinion dated April 27, 2005 delivered to the board of directors of Ashland in connection with the transactions. The financial analyses summarized below include information presented in tabular format. In order to fully understand Credit Suisse First Boston’s financial analyses, the tables must be read together with the text of each summary. The tables alone do not constitute a complete description of the financial analyses. Considering the data in the tables below without considering the full narrative description of the financial analyses, including the methodologies and assumptions underlying the analyses, could create a misleading or incomplete view of Credit Suisse First Boston’s financial analyses. Except as otherwise specified, all periods referred to in the summary below are calendar periods.

 

MAP

 

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis. A discounted cash flow analysis is generally used to calculate a valuation range for a company by calculating the present value of the expected cash flows that will be generated by the company, discounted at a rate that reflects the uncertainty of these estimated future cash flows. Credit Suisse First Boston performed a discounted cash flow analysis of MAP to calculate the estimated present value of the stand-alone, unlevered, after-tax free cash flows that MAP could generate based on the following scenarios:

 

    Ashland Management Case. The Ashland Management Case was based on financial projections prepared by Ashland management for calendar years 2005 to 2009. The projections for 2005 were based on projections prepared by MAP management, updated by Ashland management to reflect recent developments in MAP’s financial performance and the industry in which it operates. The projections for 2006 and 2007 were based on projections prepared by MAP management and the projections for 2008 and 2009 were developed independently by Ashland management.

 

    2007-2009 Normalized EBITDA Cases of $1.5 Billion, $1.6 Billion and $1.7 Billion. Ashland’s management adjusted estimates of MAP’s financial performance for calendar years 2007 through 2009 from the Ashland Management Case, including estimates of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, which is referred to as EBITDA, to exclude the estimated effects of cyclical factors to calculate mid-cycle earnings, which is referred to as Normalized EBITDA. Projections for 2005 and 2006 were the same as the Ashland Management Case. Ashland’s management prepared these different scenarios for Normalized EBITDA of $1.5 billion, $1.6 billion and $1.7 billion. These scenarios are referred to as the $1.5 Billion Normalized EBITDA Case, the $1.6 Billion Normalized EBITDA Case and the $1.7 Billion Normalized EBITDA Case, respectively.

 

Credit Suisse First Boston used discount rates of 9.0% to 10.0% based on analyses of weighted average costs of capital for comparable public companies and assumed terminal EBITDA multiples of 5.0x to 6.0x 2009 EBITDA (estimated) based on analyses of trading multiples of comparable public companies as described below. Cash flows for the last six months of calendar year 2005 and for calendar years 2006 through 2009 were discounted back to June 30, 2005

 

68


Table of Contents

Credit Suisse First Boston calculated the following implied enterprise value ranges of Ashland’s interest in MAP based on the discounted cash flow analysis described above:

 

($ in millions)

 

    

IMPLIED
ENTERPRISE VALUE

OF MAP INTEREST


     LOW

     HIGH

Ashland Management Case

   $ 2,974      $ 3,516

$1,500 Normalized EBITDA Case

   $ 2,696      $ 3,185

$1,600 Normalized EBITDA Case

   $ 2,874      $ 3,396

$1,700 Normalized EBITDA Case

   $ 3,052      $ 3,606

 

Based on the discounted cash flow analysis and implied enterprise values described above, Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following enterprise value reference range for Ashland’s interest in MAP, and compared this reference range to the valuation of MAP implied by the transactions, referred to as the MAP Attributable Valuation, and an estimate of the pre-tax equivalent of the MAP Attributable Valuation based on Ashland’s tax basis attributable to its interest in MAP of approximately $1.3 billion (as calculated by Ashland’s management).

 

($ in millions)

 

IMPLIED ENTERPRISE VALUE OF MAP INTEREST


ENTERPRISE VALUE REFERENCE

RANGE


   MAP ATTRIBUTABLE VALUATION

LOW


   HIGH

   IMPLIED

   PRE-TAX EQUIVALENT

$3,000    $3,500    $3,615    $5,110

 

Comparable Acquisitions Analysis. Using publicly available information, Credit Suisse First Boston analyzed information relating to the following selected acquisitions. The transactions used in the analysis were selected because they involved the acquisition of companies engaged in businesses that are reasonably similar to that of MAP and because these companies have operating profiles and financial statistics that are similar to those of MAP.

 

ACQUIROR


  

TARGET


Valero

  

Premcor

Premcor

  

Motiva

Frontier Oil

  

Holly Corporation

Shell / Saudi Aramco

  

Texaco

Valero

  

UDS

Phillips

  

Tosco

UDS

  

TOPNA

Tosco

  

Unocal

Ultramar

  

Diamond Shamrock

 

For each of the selected comparable acquisitions, Credit Suisse First Boston calculated the multiple of enterprise value (which is defined as market value of equity plus short and long-term debt plus preferred stock less cash and cash equivalents) to the target company’s last twelve months, or LTM, EBITDA. The following table sets forth the mean and median multiples derived from this analysis:

 

      

ENTERPRISE VALUE /

LTM EBITDA


Mean

     6.6x

Median

     5.9x

 

69


Table of Contents

Credit Suisse First Boston calculated implied enterprise values for Ashland’s interest in MAP by applying multiples to MAP’s 2004 EBITDA (actual), using a range of 5.5x to 7.5x. Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following reference range of implied enterprise values for Ashland’s interest in MAP, and compared this range to the MAP Attributable Valuation and an estimate of the pre-tax equivalent of the MAP Attributable Valuation based on Ashland’s tax basis attributable to its interest in MAP of approximately $1.3 billion (as calculated by Ashland’s management).

 

($ in millions)

 

    

IMPLIED ENTERPRISE VALUE

OF MAP INTEREST


              

MAP ATTRIBUTABLE

VALUATION


     LOW

   HIGH

   IMPLIED

   PRE-TAX
EQUIVALENT


2004 EBITDA (actual)

   $3,808    $5,193    $3,615    $5,110

 

Analysis of Valero Acquisition of Premcor. Credit Suisse First Boston analyzed the transaction multiples implied by Valero’s proposed acquisition of Premcor (publicly announced on April 25, 2005). Due to the relevant timing of the transaction and the comparability of Premcor’s operations and assets to the operations and assets of MAP, Credit Suisse First Boston calculated the implied multiples of Premcor’s 2004 EBITDA (actual) (derived from publicly available SEC filings) and 2005 EBITDA (estimated) (derived from publicly available analyst research reports) to Premcor’s enterprise value implied by the proposed transaction. Credit Suisse First Boston also adjusted Premcor’s 2004 EBITDA (actual) and 2005 EBITDA (estimated) for expected annual synergies of $350 million announced by Valero and Premcor in connection with the proposed transaction, and calculated the implied multiples of Premcor’s 2004 EBITDA (actual) and 2005 EBITDA (estimated), in each case as adjusted for synergies, to Premcor’s enterprise value implied by the proposed transaction.

 

Credit Suisse First Boston calculated the implied enterprise value of Ashland’s interest in MAP based on MAP’s 2004 EBITDA (actual) of $1.822 billion, MAP’s 2005 EBITDA (estimated) (prepared by Ashland’s management) and MAP’s 2005 EBITDA (estimated) (derived from publicly available analyst research reports) and using the multiples implied by the Premcor/Valero transaction, as described above. Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following range of implied enterprise values for Ashland’s interest in MAP, and compared this range to the MAP Attributable Valuation and an estimate of the pre-tax equivalent of the MAP Attributable Valuation based on Ashland’s tax basis attributable to its interest in MAP of approximately $1.3 billion (as calculated by Ashland’s management):

 

($ in millions)

 

                    MAP ATTRIBUTABLE
VALUATION


     EBITDA

   MULTIPLE

   IMPLIED
ENTERPRISE
VALUE OF
MAP
INTEREST


   IMPLIED

   PRE-TAX
EQUIVALENT


2004 (actual; multiple excluding synergies)

   $ 1,822    7.4x    $ 5,147    $ 3,615    $ 5,110

2004 (actual; multiple adjusted for synergies)

   $ 1,822    5.6x    $ 3,885    $ 3,615    $ 5,110

2005 (estimated-analyst reports; multiple excluding synergies)

   $ 1,674    6.1x    $ 3,885    $ 3,615    $ 5,110

2005 (estimated-analyst reports; multiple adjusted for synergies)

   $ 1,674    4.8x    $ 3,067    $ 3,615    $ 5,110

2005 (estimated-Ashland management; multiple excluding synergies)

   $ 2,004    6.1x    $ 4,652    $ 3,615    $ 5,110

2005 (estimated-Ashland management; multiple adjusted for synergies)

   $ 2,004    4.8x    $ 3,672    $ 3,615    $ 5,110

 

70


Table of Contents

Comparable Public Companies Analysis. Credit Suisse First Boston compared financial data relating to MAP to financial data relating to the following publicly traded companies that have similar operations to MAP:

 

Premcor

Tesoro

Sunoco

Valero

 

For each of the above comparable public companies, Credit Suisse First Boston calculated market value, enterprise value, and enterprise value as a multiple of 2005 EBITDA (estimated) derived from publicly available analyst research reports.

 

For purposes of calculating the enterprise value as a multiple of 2005 EBITDA (estimated) for each comparable company, Credit Suisse First Boston used the closing price per share of that company’s common stock on April 22, 2004. The mean multiple derived from these analyses was 5.1x.

 

Credit Suisse First Boston calculated the implied enterprise value of Ashland’s interest in MAP by applying multiples to MAP’s 2005 EBITDA (estimated) of $1,674 million (derived from publicly available analyst research reports) and $2,004 million (based on the Ashland Management Case) using a range of 4.5x to 5.5x. Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following range of implied enterprise values for Ashland’s interest in MAP, and compared this range to the MAP Attributable Valuation and an estimate of the pre-tax equivalent of the MAP Attributable Valuation based on Ashland’s tax basis attributable to its interest in MAP of approximately $1.3 billion (as calculated by Ashland’s management).

 

($ in millions)

 

    

IMPLIED ENTERPRISE VALUE OF

MAP INTEREST


               MAP ATTRIBUTABLE
VALUATION


         LOW    

       HIGH    

   IMPLIED

   PRE-TAX
EQUIVALENT


                

2005 EBITDA (estimated-analyst reports)

   $2,862    $3,498    $3,615    $5,110

2005 EBITDA (estimated-Ashland Management Case)

   $3,427    $4,188    $3,615    $5,110

 

Maleic Anhydride Business

 

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis. Credit Suisse First Boston performed a discounted cash flow analysis based on projections prepared by Ashland management for fiscal year 2005 through fiscal year 2010, which are referred to as Management Estimates. Credit Suisse First Boston used discount rates of 11.0% to 13.0% based on analyses of weighted average costs of capital for comparable public companies and assumed terminal EBITDA multiples of 5.0x to 6.0x 2010 EBITDA (estimated) based on analyses of trading multiples of comparable public companies as described below. Cash flows for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2005 through fiscal year 2010 were discounted back to June 30, 2005.

 

Credit Suisse First Boston calculated the following implied enterprise values for the maleic anhydride business based on the discounted cash flow analyses described above:

 

($ in millions)

 

    

IMPLIED

ENTERPRISE VALUE


         LOW    

       HIGH    

Management Estimates

   $58.3    $69.5

 

71


Table of Contents

Comparable Acquisitions Analysis. Using publicly available information, Credit Suisse First Boston analyzed information relating to the following selected acquisitions. The transactions used in the analysis were selected because they involved the acquisition of companies engaged in businesses that are reasonably similar to that of the maleic anhydride business and because these companies have operating profiles and financial statistics that are similar to those of the maleic anhydride business.

 

ACQUIROR


  

TARGET


Celanese

  

Acetex

Occidental Chemical

  

Vulcan-Chlor-Alkali Assets

Lion Chemical

  

PolyOne Elastomers & Additives

Blackstone Capital Partners

  

Celanese AG

Bear Stearns

  

Lonza-Polymer

Investor Group

  

Cognis

Ineos Plc

  

Degussa—Phenolchemie

Sasol

  

CONDEA

 

For each of the selected comparable acquisitions, Credit Suisse First Boston calculated the ratio of enterprise value to the target company’s last twelve months, or LTM, EBITDA. The following table sets forth the mean and median multiples derived from these analyses:

 

     ENTERPRISE VALUE /
LTM EBITDA


Mean

   6.3x

Median

   5.7x

 

Credit Suisse First Boston calculated implied enterprise values by applying multiples to the maleic anhydride business’s 2004 EBITDA (actual) of $6.9 million and Normalized 2004 EBITDA (estimated) of $12.6 million provided by Ashland’s management, using a range of 5.5x to 6.5x. Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following implied enterprise values for the maleic anhydride business:

 

($ in millions)

 

    

IMPLIED

ENTERPRISE VALUE


         LOW    

       HIGH    

Normalized 2004 EBITDA (estimated)

   $69.2    $81.8

2004 EBITDA (actual)

   $38.1    $45.0

 

Based on the comparable acquisitions analysis described above, Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following enterprise value reference range for the maleic anhydride business:

 

($ in millions)

 

    

IMPLIED

ENTERPRISE VALUE


         LOW    

       HIGH    

Enterprise Value Reference Range

   $55.0    $65.0

 

Comparable Public Companies Analysis. Credit Suisse First Boston compared financial data relating to the maleic anhydride business to financial data relating to the following publicly traded companies that have similar operations to the maleic anhydride business:

 

Huntsman

Celanese

Eastman Chemical

Georgia Gulf

Methanex

Stepan

 

72


Table of Contents

For each of the above comparable public companies, Credit Suisse First Boston calculated market value, enterprise value, and enterprise value as a multiple of 2005 EBITDA (estimated) derived from publicly available analyst research reports.

 

For purposes of calculating the enterprise value as a multiple of 2005 EBITDA (estimated) for each comparable company, Credit Suisse First Boston used the closing price per share of that company’s common stock on April 22, 2005. The following table sets forth the mean and median multiples derived from this analysis:

 

     ENTERPRISE
VALUE /
EBITDA


     2005E

Mean

   5.4x

Median

   5.5x

 

Credit Suisse First Boston calculated the implied enterprise value of the maleic anhydride business by applying multiples to the maleic anhydride business’s Normalized 2005 EBITDA (estimated) of $12.6 million and 2005 EBITDA (estimated) of $7.1 million, each provided by Ashland’s management, using a range of 5.0x to 6.0x. Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following range of implied enterprise values for the maleic anhydride business:

 

($ in millions)

 

    

IMPLIED

ENTERPRISE VALUE


         LOW    

       HIGH    

Normalized 2005 EBITDA (estimated)

   $63.0    $75.5

2005 EBITDA (estimated)

   $35.7    $42.8

 

Based on the comparable public companies analysis described above, Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following enterprise value reference range for the maleic anhydride business:

 

($ in millions)

 

    

IMPLIED

ENTERPRISE VALUE


         LOW    

       HIGH    

Enterprise Value Reference Range

   $50.0    $60.0

 

VIOC Centers

 

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis. Credit Suisse First Boston performed a discounted cash flow analysis based on projections prepared by Ashland management for fiscal year 2005 through fiscal year 2010, which are referred to as Management Estimates. Credit Suisse First Boston used discount rates of 10.0% to 12.0% based on analyses of weighted average costs of capital for comparable public companies and assumed terminal EBITDA multiples of 6.5x to 7.5x 2010 EBITDA (estimated) based on analyses of trading multiples of comparable public companies as described below. Cash flows for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2005 through fiscal year 2010 were discounted back to June 30, 2005.

 

Credit Suisse First Boston calculated the following implied enterprise values for the VIOC centers based on the discounted cash flow analyses described above:

 

($ in millions)

 

    

IMPLIED

ENTERPRISE VALUE


         LOW    

       HIGH    

Management Estimates

   $33.3    $39.6

 

73


Table of Contents

Comparable Acquisitions Analysis. Using publicly available information, Credit Suisse First Boston analyzed information relating to the following selected acquisitions. The transactions used in the analysis were selected because they involved the acquisition of companies engaged in businesses that are reasonably similar to that of the VIOC centers and because these companies have operating profiles and financial statistics that are similar to those of the VIOC centers.

 

ACQUIROR


  

TARGET


TBC Corporation

   National Tire & Battery

Pantry

   Golden Gallon

Carousel Capital & Halifax

   Meineke Car Care Centers

Advance Auto Parts

   Discount Auto Parts

Oak Hill

   Travel Centers of America

Europe Auto Distribution

   Finelist Group PLC

AutoZone, Inc.

   Chief Auto Parts, Inc.

 

For each of the selected comparable acquisitions, Credit Suisse First Boston calculated the ratio of enterprise value to the target company’s last twelve months, or LTM, EBITDA. The following table sets forth the mean and median multiples derived from this analysis.

 

    

ENTERPRISE VALUE /

LTM EBITDA


Mean

   6.8x

Median

   6.9x

 

Credit Suisse First Boston calculated the implied enterprise value of the VIOC centers by applying multiples to the VIOC centers’ 2004 EBITDA (actual) of $4.6 million, using a range of 6.5x to 7.5x. Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following range of implied enterprise values for the VIOC centers:

 

($ in millions)

 

    

IMPLIED

ENTERPRISE VALUE


         LOW    

       HIGH    

2004 EBITDA (actual)

   $30.0    $34.6

 

Comparable Public Companies Analysis. Credit Suisse First Boston compared financial data relating to the VIOC centers to financial data relating to the following publicly traded companies that have similar operations to the VIOC centers:

 

Autozone

Canadian Tire

Advance Auto Parts

CSK Auto

Pantry

 

For each of the above comparable public companies, Credit Suisse First Boston calculated market value, enterprise value, and enterprise value as a multiple of 2005 EBITDA (estimated) derived from publicly available analyst research reports.

 

74


Table of Contents

For purposes of calculating the enterprise value as a multiple of 2005 EBITDA (estimated) for each comparable company, Credit Suisse First Boston used the closing price per share of that company’s common stock on April 22, 2005. The following table sets forth the mean and median multiples derived from this analysis:

 

    

ENTERPRISE VALUE /

EBITDA


     2005E

Mean

   7.8x

Median

   7.5x

 

Credit Suisse First Boston calculated the implied enterprise value of the VIOC centers by applying multiples to the VIOC centers’ 2005 EBITDA (estimated) of $4.7 million provided by Ashland’s management, using a range of 7.0x to 8.0x. Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following range of implied enterprise values for the VIOC centers:

 

($ in millions)

 

    

IMPLIED ENTERPRISE

VALUE


         LOW    

       HIGH    

2005 EBITDA (estimated)

   $33.1    $37.8

 

Maleic Anhydride Business and VIOC Centers

 

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis. Based on the discounted cash flow analyses and implied enterprise values described above for each of the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers, Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following aggregate enterprise value reference range for the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers, and compared this reference range to the aggregate valuation of the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers implied by the transactions, referred to as the Maleic/VIOC Attributable Valuation:

 

($ in millions)

 

IMPLIED ENTERPRISE VALUE


ENTERPRISE VALUE REFERENCE

RANGE


   MALEIC/VIOC
ATTRIBUTABLE
VALUATION


LOW


   HIGH

  

$91.6

   $109.1    $94.1

 

Comparable Acquisitions Analysis. Based on the comparable acquisitions analyses described above for each of the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers, Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following aggregate enterprise value reference range for the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers, and compared this reference range to the Maleic/VIOC Attributable Valuation:

 

($ in millions)

 

IMPLIED ENTERPRISE VALUE


ENTERPRISE VALUE REFERENCE

RANGE


   MALEIC/VIOC
ATTRIBUTABLE
VALUATION


LOW


   HIGH

  

$85.0

   $99.6    $94.1

 

75


Table of Contents

Comparable Public Companies Analysis. Based on the comparable public companies analyses described above for each of the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers, Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following aggregate enterprise value reference range for the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers, and compared this reference range to the Maleic/VIOC Attributable Valuation:

 

($ in millions)

 

IMPLIED ENTERPRISE VALUE


ENTERPRISE VALUE REFERENCE

RANGE


   MALEIC/VIOC
ATTRIBUTABLE
VALUATION


LOW


   HIGH

  

$83.1

   $97.8    $94.1

 

New Ashland

 

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis. Credit Suisse First Boston performed a discounted cash flow analysis based on financial projections of New Ashland prepared by Ashland’s management, which are referred to as Management Estimates, for fiscal year 2005 through fiscal year 2009. Credit Suisse First Boston used discount rates of 9.0% to 10.0% based on analyses of weighted average costs of capital for comparable public companies and assumed terminal EBITDA multiples of 7.0x to 8.0x based on analyses of trading multiples of comparable public companies as described below. Cash flows for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2005 through fiscal year 2009 were discounted back to June 30, 2005.

 

Credit Suisse First Boston calculated the following implied enterprise values for New Ashland based on the discounted cash flow analyses described above:

 

($ in millions)

 

     IMPLIED
ENTERPRISE VALUE


         LOW    

       HIGH    

Management Estimates

   $3,634    $4,252

 

Comparable Public Companies Analysis. Credit Suisse First Boston compared financial data relating to each business of New Ashland to financial data relating to the following publicly traded companies that have similar operations to the respective businesses of New Ashland:

 

Transportation Construction Business (“APAC”)

 

Vulcan Materials

Martin Marietta Materials

Florida Rock

Granite Construction

 

Specialty Chemicals Business

 

Rohm & Haas

Nalco Holdings

Cytec Industries

HB Fuller

Arch Chemicals

 

Distribution Business

 

Univar N.V.

A. Schulman

 

76


Table of Contents

Valvoline Business

 

Clorox

Scotts Co

WD-40

 

For each of the above comparable public companies, Credit Suisse First Boston calculated market value, enterprise value, and enterprise value as a multiple of 2005 EBITDA (estimated) derived from publicly available analyst research reports. For purposes of calculating the enterprise value as a multiple of 2005 EBITDA (estimated) for each comparable company, Credit Suisse First Boston used the closing price per share of that company’s common stock on April 22, 2005.

 

Using 2005 EBITDA estimates provided by Ashland’s management, Credit Suisse First Boston applied a range of EBITDA multiples derived from its analysis of the comparable public companies of 7.0x to 8.0x to 2005 EBITDA (estimated) for APAC, 7.0x to 8.0x to 2005 EBITDA (estimated) for the specialty chemicals business of Ashland, 5.0x to 5.5x to 2005 EBITDA (estimated) for the distribution business of Ashland, and 9.0x to 11.0x to 2005 EBITDA (estimated) for the Valvoline business of Ashland. Credit Suisse First Boston then calculated weighted average, or blended, multiples for New Ashland based on the relative contribution of each of the above businesses to New Ashland’s 2005 EBITDA (estimated). The following table sets forth the implied blended multiples derived from this analysis:

 

    

ENTERPRISE VALUE /

2005 EBITDA
(ESTIMATED)


         LOW    

       HIGH    

Blended Mean

   7.0x    8.1x

 

Credit Suisse First Boston then calculated the implied enterprise value of New Ashland by applying multiples to New Ashland’s 2005 EBITDA (estimated) provided by Ashland’s management, using a range of 7.0x - 8.0x. Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following range of implied enterprise values for New Ashland:

 

($ in millions)

 

     IMPLIED
ENTERPRISE VALUE


         LOW    

       HIGH    

Estimated 2005 EBITDA

   $3,311    $3,784

 

New Ashland Valuation/Valuation of Aggregate Shareholder Consideration. Based on the comparable public companies analysis and discounted cash flow analysis described above, Credit Suisse First Boston derived the following enterprise value range for New Ashland:

 

($ in millions)

 

     COMPARABLE PUBLIC
COMPANIES ANALYSIS


   DISCOUNTED CASH
FLOW ANALYSIS


    

7.0X 2005

EBITDA
(ESTIMATED)


  

8.0X 2005

EBITDA
(ESTIMATED)


  

10%
DISCOUNT
RATE

7.0X
TERMINAL
MULTIPLE


  

9%
DISCOUNT
RATE

8.0X
TERMINAL
MULTIPLE


Enterprise Value

   $3,311    $3,784    $3,634    $4,252

 

Based on financial data provided by Ashland’s management, Credit Suisse First Boston calculated an estimate of New Ashland’s cash balance immediately following the closing of the transactions, referred to as the Estimated Net Cash Balance (which Credit Suisse First Boston defined, for purposes of this analysis, as existing

 

77


Table of Contents

cash and cash equivalents (excluding the minimum cash balance required for operations, as estimated by Ashland management) plus cash and cash equivalents received from the capital contribution and the partial redemption (including an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions) minus estimated market value of short and long term debt minus certain off-balance sheet obligations minus transaction costs). The Estimated Net Cash Balance is also net of the estimated amount of taxes to be paid by New Ashland under Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code, after taking into account the indemnification obligations of the parties under the amended and restated tax matters agreement. The estimated amount of the Section 355(e) taxes was determined based on tax basis information and a tax calculation schedule, in each case provided by Ashland’s management. Credit Suisse First Boston then calculated the implied equity value of each New Ashland share, adjusted to account for a theoretical value discount to the Estimated Net Cash Balance and adjusted for potential asbestos liabilities. The theoretical value discount applied to the Estimated Net Cash Balance was determined based on the difference between the Estimated Net Cash Balance and the implied present value of such balance assuming growth over a two year period at a range of possible investment rates of return provided by Ashland’s management, discounted to present value at a discount rate equal to Ashland’s estimated cost of capital (provided by Ashland’s management). The assumed asbestos liabilities amount of approximately $200 million is based on data derived from publicly available analyst research reports.

 

Based on the enterprise value range derived pursuant to the comparable public companies analysis and discounted cash flow analysis, the Estimated Net Cash Balance (as adjusted for estimated Section 355(e) taxes), the theoretical value discount to the Estimated Net Cash Balance and the assumed asbestos liabilities, each as described above, and assuming 72.9 million outstanding shares of New Ashland common stock (based on data provided by Ashland’s management), Credit Suisse First Boston derived the range of implied equity values for each New Ashland share set forth in the table below. In addition, Credit Suisse First Boston included in its analysis the Marathon common stock to be received by Ashland’s shareholders pursuant to the acquisition merger in order to derive the implied per share value of the aggregate shareholder consideration. Credit Suisse First Boston did not express any opinion as to the actual value of the New Ashland common stock or Marathon common stock when issued or distributed or the prices at which such common stock would trade at any time.

 

($ in millions, except per share data)

 

     COMPARABLE PUBLIC
COMPANIES ANALYSIS


   DISCOUNTED CASH
FLOW ANALYSIS


    

7.0X 2005

EBITDA
(ESTIMATED)


  

8.0X 2005

EBITDA
(ESTIMATED)


  

10%
DISCOUNT
RATE

7.0X
TERMINAL
MULTIPLE


  

9%
DISCOUNT
RATE

8.0X
TERMINAL
MULTIPLE


New Ashland Enterprise Value

   $3,311    $3,784    $3,634    $4,252

Estimated Net Cash Balance

   $1,062    $1,062    $1,054    $838

New Ashland Equity Value (excluding theoretical value discount and assumed asbestos liabilities)

   $4,373    $4,846    $4,688    $5,090

New Ashland Equity Value (taking into account theoretical value discount and assumed asbestos liabilities)

   $4,012    $4,485    $4,529    $4,963

New Ashland Equity Value per Share

   $55.06    $61.55    $62.15    $68.11

Marathon Stock per Share

   $12.56    $12.56    $12.56    $12.56

Aggregate Shareholder Consideration per Share

   $67.61    $74.11    $74.71    $80.67

 

78


Table of Contents

Other Factors. In the course of preparing its opinion, Credit Suisse First Boston also reviewed other information and data, including:

 

    actual EBITDA for MAP for the period from 1998 to 2004, and estimated EBITDA for MAP for 2005 and 2006 based on publicly available analyst research reports;

 

    public trading multiples of: super majors, including Exxon Mobil, BP, Royal Dutch/Shell and TOTAL; large integrated oil companies, including ChevronTexaco, ConocoPhillips, Marathon and Amerada Hess; and international integrated oil companies, including ENI, Repsol YPF, Norsk Hydro and Petro-Canada;

 

    12-month price targets, analyst ratings and comments based on publicly available analyst research reports, in each case with respect to Marathon; and

 

    historical market price performance of Ashland common stock and Marathon common stock from March 17, 2004 to April 22, 2005.

 

Ashland has agreed to pay Credit Suisse First Boston a fee for its financial advisory services in connection with the transactions of approximately $16.7 million, $1,750,000 of which has already been paid to Credit Suisse First Boston and the remainder of which is contingent upon the closing of the transactions. Ashland also has agreed to reimburse Credit Suisse First Boston for its out-of-pocket expenses, including the fees and expenses of its outside legal counsel and any other advisor retained by Credit Suisse First Boston, and to indemnify Credit Suisse First Boston and related parties against liabilities, including liabilities under the federal securities laws, arising out of its engagement.

 

Credit Suisse First Boston and its affiliates in the past have provided, are currently providing and may in the future provide financial and investment banking services to Ashland and its affiliates, and in the past have provided, are currently providing and may in the future provide financial and investment banking services to Marathon and its affiliates unrelated to the proposed transactions, for which services Credit Suisse First Boston and its affiliates have received, and expect to receive, compensation. Credit Suisse First Boston received compensation from Ashland and its affiliates for corporate lending and other services of approximately $70,000 in 2002 and $40,000 in 2003. Credit Suisse First Boston received compensation from Marathon and its affiliates for underwriting, corporate lending and other services of approximately $750,000 in 2002 and $30,000 in 2003. Credit Suisse First Boston did not receive any such compensation from Ashland or Marathon or their respective affiliates in 2004. Credit Suisse First Boston is a participant lender in Marathon’s revolving credit facility and, in 2001, acted as financial advisor to USX Corporation in connection with the reorganization of USX Corporation that resulted in the separation of Marathon and United States Steel. Credit Suisse First Boston will also be acting as dealer manager and solicitation agent in connection with the proposed tender offer and consent solicitation of outstanding debt issued by Ashland under its indenture dated as of August 15, 1989, as amended and restated as of August 15, 1990. Ashland has agreed to pay Credit Suisse First Boston a fee for its services as dealer manager and solicitation agent of $2.50 per $1,000 principal amount of notes validly accepted for payment in the tender offer and consent solicitation. While the amount of notes subject to the tender offer and consent solicitation has not yet been determined, in the event that all outstanding notes are subject to the tender offer and consent solicitation and validly accepted for payment, Credit Suisse First Boston’s fee for its services as dealer manager and solicitation agent will be approximately $2.9 million. In the ordinary course of business, Credit Suisse First Boston and its affiliates may actively trade the securities of Ashland and Marathon, and in the future may actively trade the securities of New Ashland and Marathon, for their own accounts and for the accounts of customers and, accordingly, may at any time hold long or short positions in those securities.

 

Opinions of American Appraisal Associates, Inc.

 

The preparation of a solvency opinion is a complex process and is not necessarily susceptible to partial analysis or summary description. Nevertheless, the following is a summary of AAA’s solvency opinions addressed to the board of directors of Marathon and provided to the board of directors of Ashland and dated March 18, 2004. We refer to these opinions as the “AAA solvency opinions.” This summary includes a description of the material

 

79


Table of Contents

analyses and procedures applied by AAA in the course of preparing and rendering the AAA solvency opinions. This summary does not purport to be a complete statement of the analyses and procedures applied, judgments made or conclusions reached by AAA or a complete description of the AAA solvency opinions. In the AAA solvency opinions, AAA stated that, based on the considerations set forth therein and on other factors it deemed relevant, it was of the opinion that, assuming the transactions are consummated substantially as proposed in the original transaction agreements, as of an assumed effective date of September 30, 2004:

 

    the fair value of the aggregate assets of each of Ashland and MAP, before consummation of the transactions, and each of MAP and New Ashland, after consummation of the transactions, will exceed their respective total liabilities (including subordinated, unmatured, unliquidated, disputed and contingent liabilities);

 

    the present fair saleable value of the aggregate assets of each of Ashland and MAP, before consummation of the transactions, and each of MAP and New Ashland, after consummation of the transactions, will exceed their respective probable liabilities, as they become absolute and mature;

 

    each of Ashland and MAP, before consummation of the transactions, and each of MAP and New Ashland, after consummation of the transactions, will be able to pay their respective liabilities as they mature and come due;

 

    each of Ashland and MAP, before consummation of the transactions, and each of MAP and New Ashland, after consummation of the transactions, will not have unreasonably small capital for the business in which it is engaged, as its management has stated its business is conducted or proposed to be conducted; and

 

    immediately before and after giving effect to the transactions, the fair value of the aggregate assets of MAP will exceed all liabilities of MAP, other than liabilities to members of MAP on account of their limited liability company interests.

 

The preparation of a reasonably equivalent value opinion is a complex process and is not necessarily susceptible to partial analysis or summary description. Nevertheless, the following is a summary of AAA’s reasonably equivalent value opinion addressed to the board of directors of Marathon and dated April 27, 2005, which replaces AAA’s reasonably equivalent value opinion addressed to the board of directors of Marathon and dated March 18, 2004. We refer to the April 27, 2005 opinion as the “AAA reasonably equivalent value opinion.” This summary includes a description of the material analyses and procedures applied by AAA in the course of preparing and rendering the AAA reasonably equivalent value opinion. This summary does not purport to be a complete statement of the analyses and procedures applied, judgments made or conclusions reached by AAA or a complete description of the AAA reasonably equivalent value opinion. In the AAA reasonably equivalent value opinion, AAA stated that, based on the considerations set forth therein and on other factors it deemed relevant, it was of the opinion that, as of the date of that opinion and assuming the transactions are consummated substantially as proposed in the amended transaction agreements, the combined value of the partial redemption and the capital contribution is reasonably equivalent to the combined value of Ashland’s 38% interest in MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers.

 

Copies of the AAA solvency opinions and the AAA reasonably equivalent value opinion are attached as Annexes J, K and L to this proxy statement/prospectus, and this summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to those opinions. We urge you to read the AAA solvency opinions and the AAA reasonably equivalent value opinion carefully in their entirety for a description of the procedures followed, factors considered, assumptions and qualifications made and limitations on the review undertaken by AAA in reaching its opinions. The AAA opinions were provided for the information and assistance of the Marathon and Ashland boards of directors in connection with the transactions and transaction agreements and are not intended to be and do not constitute recommendations as to how any shareholder of Ashland should vote at the special meeting.

 

The AAA solvency opinions will be updated as of the date of the closing of the transactions, and the closing of the transactions is conditioned on, among other things, Ashland’s and Marathon’s receipt of those updated

 

80


Table of Contents

opinions. See “The Master Agreement—Conditions to Closing of the Transactions.” Marathon intends to have the AAA reasonably equivalent value opinion updated as of the date of the closing as well; Marathon’s receipt of that updated opinion is not, however, a condition to the closing.

 

In rendering the AAA solvency opinions, AAA valued the aggregate assets, on a consolidated and going concern basis, of each of Ashland and MAP, before consummation of the transactions, and each of MAP and New Ashland, after consummation of and after giving effect to the transactions and the associated liabilities incurred or remaining outstanding in connection with the transactions. The valuations included the aggregate assets of the respective businesses of Ashland’s and MAP’s business enterprises (total invested capital) represented by their respective total net working capital, tangible plant, property and equipment, and intangible assets (including goodwill) before consummation of, and giving effect to, the transactions and the corresponding assets of MAP and New Ashland after consummation of, and giving effect to, the transactions. For each of Ashland and New Ashland, AAA included in the assets the asbestos insurance reserves estimates by Ashland and included in the liabilities provisions for the claims alleging exposure to asbestos, each as provided by Ashland and as represented by Ashland to have been recorded in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. AAA stated its belief that these considerations form a reasonable basis to value each of Ashland, MAP and New Ashland, and that nothing had come to its attention that caused it to believe that either of Ashland or MAP, before consummation of the transactions, or either of MAP or New Ashland, after consummation of and after giving effect to the transactions and the associated liabilities incurred or remaining outstanding in connection with the transactions, would not be a going concern.

 

In rendering the AAA reasonably equivalent value opinion, AAA valued the aggregate assets of each of MAP and Ashland’s 38% interest in MAP, before consummation of the transactions. The valuations were completed on the same basis as the pre-consummation valuations prepared for the AAA solvency opinions. The valuation of Ashland’s 38% interest in MAP also reflected the outstanding debt of MAP.

 

For purposes of its opinions, the following terms have the meanings set forth below:

 

    “Fair value” of assets means the amount at which the aggregate assets would change hands between a willing buyer and a willing seller, within a commercially reasonable period of time, each having reasonable knowledge of the relevant facts, neither being under any compulsion to act, with equity to both.

 

    “Present fair saleable value” of assets means the amount that may be realized if the assets are sold with reasonable promptness in an arm’s-length transaction under present conditions in a current market for the sale of assets of a comparable business enterprise.

 

    “Contingent liabilities” of a specified entity means the maximum estimated amount of liabilities of that entity that are not absolute and which have been identified to AAA, including, but not limited to, liabilities associated with claims alleging exposure to asbestos, the environment and pension obligations, by responsible officers and employees of that entity and its accountants and financial advisors, and such other experts as AAA deemed necessary to consult. AAA, after consultation with responsible officers and employees of the specified entity, and/or such industry, economic and other experts as AAA deemed necessary to consult and rely on, assessed the reasonableness of the estimate of each of the contingent liabilities, in light of all the facts and circumstances existing at the time. Such contingent liabilities may not meet the criteria for accrual under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5 and, therefore, may not necessarily be recorded as liabilities under generally accepted accounting principles.

 

    “Able to pay their respective liabilities as they mature” means, with respect to a specified entity, that, assuming the transactions have been consummated as proposed (and taking into consideration, as appropriate, the borrowing capacity available under that entity’s borrowing facilities), during the period covered by the financial projections prepared by that entity’s management, the specified entity will have the ability in the ordinary course of business to pay its current debt, short-term debt, long-term debt, other contractual obligations and other liabilities, including contingent liabilities, as such debt and other liabilities mature.

 

81


Table of Contents
    “Will not have unreasonably small capital for the businesses in which it is engaged” means, with respect to a specified entity, that the specified entity will not lack sufficient capital for the needs and anticipated needs for capital of its business, including contingent liabilities, as management of that entity has stated that its business is conducted or proposed to be conducted following the consummation of the transactions.

 

    “Reasonably equivalent value” means, with respect to the transactions, that the combination of the partial redemption, the capital contribution, the limitation on New Ashland’s environmental liability as described under “The Master Agreement—Existing MAP Agreements” and any indemnity by Marathon of Section 355(e) tax liabilities as described under “The Amended and Restated Tax Matters Agreement—Indemnification for Taxes” will constitute realizable commercial value reasonably equivalent to the aggregate realizable commercial value of Ashland’s 38% interest in MAP, the VIOC centers and the maleic anhydride business.

 

The determinations of value for purposes of AAA’s opinions were based on the generally accepted valuation principles used in the market as follows:

 

    Market Approach. Based on considerations of:

 

    current stock market prices (considered with and without control premiums, for purposes of the reasonably equivalent value opinion) of publicly held companies whose businesses are similar to those of each of Ashland, MAP and New Ashland, as applicable, and premiums paid over market prices by acquirors of total or controlling ownership in such businesses; and

 

    acquisition prices paid for total ownership positions in businesses whose lines of business are similar to those of Ashland, MAP and New Ashland, as applicable.

 

    Discounted Cash Flow Approach. In the solvency opinion, this approach was based on the present value of the debt-free operating cash flow future of Ashland, MAP and New Ashland, as applicable, in each case as estimated by such entity’s management and reflected in its financial projections. In each case, the present value was determined by discounting the projected operating cash flow at a rate of return that reflected the financial and business risks of Ashland, MAP or New Ashland, as applicable. In the reasonably equivalent value opinion, a range of values was developed considering:

 

    the present value of MAP’s future debt-free operating cash flow, as estimated by MAP’s management and reflected in its financial projections;

 

    several alternative MAP margin scenarios, giving weight to historical margin averages and long-range business plan projections provided by Marathon;

 

    multi-year and one-year income capitalization scenarios; and

 

    application of a range of discount rates and exit multiples that consider the financial and business risks of MAP.

 

For purposes of the AAA reasonably equivalent value opinion, AAA used the valuations for the VIOC centers and the maleic anhydride business established through arm’s-length negotiations between Ashland and Marathon.

 

For purposes of the AAA solvency opinions, in determining the amount that would be required to pay the total liabilities of each of Ashland, MAP and New Ashland, as such liabilities become absolute and mature, AAA:

 

    applied valuation techniques, including present value analysis, to the amounts that will be required from time to time to pay such liabilities (including contingent liabilities) as they become absolute and mature based on their scheduled maturities (or, in the case of contingent liabilities, the anticipated dates of payment); and

 

82


Table of Contents
    with respect to Ashland and New Ashland, considered the asbestos-related claims payments and related asbestos insurance recoveries as estimated by Ashland on its pro forma balance sheet, as well as asbestos-related claims payments estimates and related asbestos insurance recovery estimates prepared by consultants Marathon retained.

 

In the course of AAA’s investigation of contingent liabilities, the managements of each of Ashland, MAP and New Ashland brought to the attention of AAA areas including:

 

    various pending lawsuits and claims, including, with respect to Ashland, asbestos-related lawsuits and claims;

 

    environmental matters;

 

    employee benefit plan obligations;

 

    tax audit exposure;

 

    adequacy of corporate risk management programs; and

 

    contracts and commitments.

 

Provisions for the ongoing expenses related to these issues were included with the projection of income and expenses presented in Ashland’s and MAP’s financial projections and were considered in AAA’s valuation studies as ongoing business operating expenses. AAA took those contingent liabilities into account in rendering its opinions and concluded that those liabilities and ongoing expenses did not require any qualification of its opinions. AAA’s conclusions were based on, among other things, its discussions with the respective managements of Ashland and MAP, their consultants and counsel concerning, and AAA’s investigation of, the various lawsuits, claims, including asbestos-related claims and asbestos insurance recovery, and other contingent liabilities identified to it.

 

AAA based its opinions on, among other things, a review of the agreements relating to the transactions, historical and pro forma financial information, certain business information and certain assumptions relating to Ashland and MAP, including those contained in this proxy statement/prospectus, as well as certain financial forecasts and other data provided by Ashland and MAP relating to the businesses and prospects of Ashland, MAP and New Ashland. AAA also conducted discussions with Ashland’s and MAP’s management with respect to the businesses and prospects of Ashland, MAP and New Ashland and conducted such financial studies, analyses and investigations as it deemed appropriate in rendering its opinions. The AAA opinion letters state that, in preparing its opinions, AAA relied on the accuracy and completeness of all information supplied or otherwise made available to it by Ashland and MAP and did not independently verify that information or undertake any physical inspection or independent appraisal of the assets or liabilities of Ashland or MAP. The opinion letters state also that AAA’s opinions were based on business, economic, market and other conditions existing on the date those opinions were rendered.

 

AAA was retained to render its opinions as to the solvency of Ashland, MAP and New Ashland and its reasonably equivalent value opinion because of its familiarity with the businesses of Ashland and MAP and its qualifications, expertise and reputation in appraising and valuing companies.

 

AAA consented to delivery of copies of the AAA solvency opinions to the boards of directors of Ashland and New Ashland. AAA also consented to the inclusion of this summary in, and the attachment of its opinions to, this proxy statement/prospectus. Marathon has agreed to pay AAA a fee of $500,000, $370,000 of which has already been paid to AAA and the remainder of which is payable upon delivery by AAA of its updated opinions as of the date of the closing of the transactions. Marathon has also agreed to reimburse AAA for its out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the rendering of its opinions.

 

Opinion of Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin Financial Advisors, Inc.

 

The preparation of Houlihan Lokey’s opinion involved a complex process that is not necessarily susceptible to partial analysis or summary description. Nevertheless, the following is a brief summary of Houlihan Lokey’s

 

83


Table of Contents

opinion addressed to the boards of directors of Ashland and New Ashland and dated April 27, 2005. We refer to this opinion as the “Houlihan Lokey opinion.” This summary includes a brief description of the material considerations evaluated and procedures applied by Houlihan Lokey in the course of preparing and rendering the Houlihan Lokey opinion. However, this summary does not purport to be a complete statement of the considerations evaluated and procedures followed, factors considered, findings, assumptions and qualifications made, the bases for and methods of arriving at such findings, limitations on the review undertaken in connection with the opinion, judgments made or conclusions reached by Houlihan Lokey or a complete description of the Houlihan Lokey opinion. The Houlihan Lokey opinion relates solely to specific financial tests that Ashland and New Ashland believe support their conclusions regarding solvency after giving effect to the transactions.

 

In the Houlihan Lokey opinion, Houlihan Lokey states that, based on the considerations set forth therein and on other factors it deemed relevant, it was of the opinion as of the date of that letter that, assuming the transactions are completed as described in the Houlihan opinion, immediately after and giving effect to the transactions and on a pro forma basis:

 

    the fair value of New Ashland’s assets would exceed its stated liabilities and identified contingent liabilities;

 

    the present fair saleable value of New Ashland’s assets would exceed its probable liabilities as they become absolute and mature;

 

    New Ashland should be able to pay its debts as they become due or mature; and

 

    the capital remaining in New Ashland after the transactions would not be unreasonably small for the business in which New Ashland would be engaged, as management of Ashland has indicated it is now conducted and is proposed to be conducted following the consummation of the transactions.

 

The full text of the Houlihan Lokey opinion is attached as Annex M to this proxy statement/prospectus, and this summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the text of that opinion. Houlihan Lokey has consented to the inclusion of this summary in, and the attachment of its opinion to, this proxy statement/prospectus, but does not thereby admit that Houlihan Lokey comes within the category of persons whose consent is required under federal securities laws, nor does Houlihan Lokey thereby admit that it is an expert with respect to any part of this proxy statement/prospectus within the meaning of the term “expert” under the federal securities laws. Houlihan Lokey believes, and so advised the board of directors of Ashland, that its analyses must be considered as a whole and that selecting portions of its analyses and of the factors considered by it, without considering all factors and analyses, could create an incomplete view of the process underlying its analyses and opinions.

 

Ashland shareholders are urged to, and should, read the Houlihan Lokey opinion carefully in its entirety for a description of a complete statement of considerations and procedures followed, factors considered, findings, assumptions and qualifications made, the bases and methods of arriving at such findings, limitations on the review undertaken in connection with the opinion, judgments made or conclusions undertaken by Houlihan Lokey in reaching its opinion. The Houlihan Lokey opinion was provided for the information and assistance of the Ashland and New Ashland boards of directors in connection with their evaluation of the solvency of Ashland and New Ashland after giving effect to the transactions. The Houlihan Lokey opinion is not intended to be, not does it constitute a recommendation as to how any Ashland shareholder should vote at the special meeting and is not intended to and does not address the fairness of the consideration paid to shareholders of Ashland in the transactions. The Houlihan Lokey opinion will be updated as of the date of the closing of the transactions and will be addressed to the boards of directors of Ashland and New Ashland, and the closing of the transactions is conditioned on Ashland’s and Marathon’s receipt of that updated opinion. See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Master Agreement—Conditions to Closing of the Transactions.” Except to the extent that Houlihan Lokey updates its opinion as of the date of the closing of the transactions, Houlihan Lokey is under no obligation to update, revise or reaffirm the Houlihan Lokey opinion.

 

84


Table of Contents

In rendering its opinion, Houlihan Lokey valued the assets of New Ashland on a consolidated basis and as a going-concern (including goodwill), on a pro forma basis, immediately after and giving effect to the transactions. The determination of the fair value and present fair saleable value of the assets of New Ashland after the completion of the transactions was based on valuation methodologies deemed appropriate by Houlihan Lokey.

 

For purposes of its opinion, Houlihan Lokey defined the following terms as having the meanings set forth below:

 

    “fair value” means the amount at which New Ashland’s aggregate assets would change hands between a willing buyer and a willing seller, each having reasonable knowledge of the relevant facts, neither being under any compulsion to act, with equity to both;

 

    “present fair saleable value” means the amount that may be realized if New Ashland’s aggregate assets (including goodwill) are sold with reasonable promptness in an arm’s length transaction under present conditions for the sale of comparable business enterprises, as those conditions could be reasonably evaluated by Houlihan Lokey;

 

    “identified contingent liabilities” means the stated amount of contingent liabilities identified to Houlihan Lokey and valued by responsible officers of Ashland, upon whom Houlihan Lokey relied without independent verification; no other contingent liabilities were considered;

 

    “probable liabilities as they become absolute and mature” means stated liabilities and identified contingent liabilities, considering the probability that such identified contingent liabilities will be imposed and, if so, in what amount, as such liabilities are identified to Houlihan Lokey and quantified and valued by responsible officers of Ashland, and as such probabilities are determined by such officers, upon whom Houlihan Lokey relied without independent verification; no other liabilities were considered; and

 

    “able to pay its debts as they become due or mature” means, assuming the transactions have been consummated as proposed, New Ashland should be able to pay its debts and other liabilities (as identified, projected, and valued to Houlihan Lokey by responsible officers of Ashland, upon whom Houlihan Lokey relied without independent verification), including identified contingent liabilities, during the period covered by the projections prepared by Ashland’s management, taking into consideration New Ashland’s projected cash flow during such period, New Ashland’s available cash (including cash proceeds of the transactions to the extent such proceeds are not used to repurchase, repay or defease existing debt) and the stated borrowing capacity of New Ashland under revolving credit facilities proposed to be in place upon consummation of the transactions.

 

In rendering its opinion, Houlihan Lokey made no representation as to any legal matters or as to the sufficiency of the preceding definitions for any purpose other than setting forth the scope of the Houlihan Lokey opinion.

 

In its analysis, Houlihan Lokey made numerous assumptions with respect to Ashland and New Ashland, industry performance, general business, economic, market and financial conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond the control of Ashland or New Ashland. The estimates contained in such analyses are not necessarily indicative of actual values or predictive of future results or values, which may be more or less favorable than suggested by such analyses.

 

The Houlihan Lokey opinion states that Houlihan Lokey did not independently investigate or verify the accuracy or completeness of the information supplied by Ashland and that Houlihan Lokey assumes no responsibility with respect to the accuracy and completeness of such information. Houlihan Lokey also assumed that the transactions are completed in a manner consistent with that set forth in the Houlihan Lokey opinion.

 

The Houlihan Lokey opinion states also that Houlihan Lokey’s opinion was based on business, economic, market and other conditions as they existed and could be evaluated by Houlihan Lokey on the date that the

 

85


Table of Contents

opinion was rendered. Houlihan Lokey did not undertake any physical inspection or independent appraisal of any of the properties, assets or liabilities (including the identified contingent liabilities) of Ashland or New Ashland.

 

In addition, the Houlihan Lokey opinion states that Houlihan Lokey relied upon and assumed (and will be relying upon and assuming), without independent verification, that:

 

    the data, material and other information with respect to Ashland, its subsidiaries, New Ashland, or any of their respective business operations furnished to Houlihan Lokey by or on behalf of Ashland and New Ashland and each of its agents, counsel, employees and representatives is true, correct and complete in all material respects;

 

    the representations and warranties of Ashland made to Houlihan Lokey in the engagement letters between Houlihan Lokey and Ashland are true, correct and complete in all material respects;

 

    the forecasts and projections prepared by Ashland with respect to New Ashland for the five fiscal years ended September 30, 2009 have been reasonably prepared and reflect the best currently available estimates of the future financial results and condition of New Ashland, and that there has been no material adverse change in the assets, financial condition, business or prospects of New Ashland since the date of the most recent financial statements made available to Houlihan Lokey;

 

    the pro forma opening balance sheet for New Ashland provided to Houlihan Lokey has been reasonably prepared and reflects the best currently available estimate of New Ashland’s balance sheet immediately after the transactions and including the repayment of all of Ashland’s debt and leases;

 

    the forecasts and projections provided to Houlihan Lokey regarding Ashland’s and New Ashland’s contingent liabilities and insurance for such liabilities (including sensitivity analyses) have been reasonably prepared and reflect the best currently available estimates of the future timing and amount of such liabilities and insurance recoveries, and that there has been no material adverse change in these liabilities and insurance coverage since the date of the most recent financial statements made available to Houlihan Lokey;

 

    neither Ashland nor New Ashland will incur any material tax liability or suffer any material adverse effect related to tax, in either case due to, arising from or in connection with the transactions; provided, however, that at Ashland’s request, for the purpose of Houlihan Lokey’s analyses, Houlihan Lokey assumed that, pursuant to the terms of the tax matters agreement, the maximum portion of any tax liability under Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code for New Ashland arising from, or in connection with, the transactions for which Ashland or New Ashland would be responsible for paying is $190 million, with Marathon paying the remaining portion, if any;

 

    concurrent with the closing of the transactions, Ashland will have redeemed all of its debt obligations and paid off all of its lease obligations on terms and prices no less favorable, taken as a whole, than those provided to Houlihan Lokey in the forecasts and projections prepared by Ashland with respect to New Ashland for the five fiscal years ended September 30, 2009;

 

    the final transaction agreements will be executed in form and substance substantially similar to the most recent drafts of such agreements reviewed by Houlihan Lokey;

 

    New Ashland will receive proceeds of $2.794 billion in cash and accounts receivable from the transactions; and

 

    New Ashland will have the full amount (i.e., $350 million) of specified revolving credit facilities on or before the closing of the transactions and through March 2010 having material terms and conditions which, when taken as a whole, would provide New Ashland with credit or borrowing availability in an amount not less than the maximum amount of the revolving credit facilities at any particular time through March 2010, which assumptions are incorporated in the forecasts and projections prepared by Ashland with respect to New Ashland for the five fiscal years ended September 30, 2009.

 

If any of the assumptions in the Houlihan Lokey opinion prove to be inaccurate, the conclusions reached in the opinion could be materially affected.

 

86


Table of Contents

The Houlihan Lokey opinion does not constitute a recommendation to Ashland shareholders as to how they should vote at the special meeting, nor does it address Ashland’s and New Ashland’s underlying business decisions to effect the transactions. Houlihan Lokey has not been requested to, and did not, solicit third party indications of interest in acquiring all or part of Ashland or MAP. Furthermore, Houlihan Lokey was not requested to, and did not negotiate the terms of the transactions or transaction agreements or advise the boards of directors of Ashland and New Ashland with respect to the transactions or alternatives to the terms of the transactions or transaction agreements. With respect to MAP, Houlihan Lokey did not perform any valuation analyses, analyze any financial statements, or speak to members of its management.

 

The Houlihan Lokey opinion was also based on, among other things, a review of various agreements relating to the transactions, historical and pro forma financial information and certain business information relating to Ashland and New Ashland, as well as certain financial forecasts and other data provided by Ashland relating to the businesses and prospects of New Ashland. Houlihan Lokey also conducted discussions with Ashland’s management relating to the operations, financial condition, liabilities (including contingent liabilities), insurance, future prospects and projected operations and performance of Ashland and New Ashland and conducted those financial studies, analyses and investigations that it deemed appropriate in rendering its opinion.

 

Houlihan Lokey was retained to render its opinion as to New Ashland because of its familiarity with the businesses and assets of Ashland and its qualifications, experience and reputation. Ashland has agreed to pay Houlihan Lokey a fee of up to $900,000, $375,000 of which has already been paid to Houlihan Lokey, $325,000 of which remains due and payable to Houlihan Lokey, and the remainder of which, in an amount to be determined pursuant to the engagement letters between Houlihan Lokey and Ashland, is payable upon delivery by Houlihan Lokey of its updated opinion as of the date of the closing of the transactions. Ashland has also agreed to reimburse Houlihan Lokey for its out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the rendering of its opinions.

 

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Transactions

 

In General. Summarized below are the material U.S. Federal income tax consequences relating to the transactions. This summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, administrative rulings and court decisions, all of which are subject to change. Any such change, which could be retroactive, could alter the tax consequences described in this summary.

 

This summary applies only to shareholders who hold Ashland common stock as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code (generally speaking, for investment purposes). In addition, this summary does not describe all the tax consequences that may be relevant to a shareholder in light of its particular circumstances and does not apply to certain types of Ashland shareholders, such as insurance companies, financial institutions, regulated investment companies, dealers in securities or currencies, tax-exempt organizations, shareholders that hold Ashland common stock as part of a position in a straddle or as part of a hedging, conversion or other integrated transaction, shareholders who have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, S corporations, small business investment companies, real estate investment trusts or traders who use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings. In addition, this summary does not address the U.S. Federal income tax consequences of the transactions to any Ashland shareholder who, for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, is a nonresident alien individual, foreign corporation, foreign partnership or foreign estate or trust, and does not address the tax consequences of the transaction under state, local or foreign tax laws.

 

Ashland shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors concerning the tax consequences of the transactions in their particular circumstances, including the treatment of the transaction under federal, state, local and foreign tax laws.

 

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Transactions. The parties have entered into a closing agreement with the Internal Revenue Service with respect to various tax consequences of the transactions. The

 

87


Table of Contents

transactions could nevertheless be taxable to Marathon and possibly New Ashland under Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code under certain circumstances. Although the closing agreement generally is binding on the Internal Revenue Service, its continuing validity will be subject to the accuracy of certain factual representations made by Ashland and Marathon. If any of those factual representations were later found to be inaccurate, Marathon, Ashland or Ashland’s shareholders could become liable for tax as result of the transactions.

 

Assuming that the factual representations made by Ashland and Marathon on which the closing agreement is based are accurate, it is the opinion of Ashland’s legal advisor, Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, that the U.S. Federal income tax consequences of the transactions will be the following:

 

    Ashland shareholders will not recognize any gain, loss or income as a result of the transactions (except as described below under “Tax Treatment of Cash Received in Lieu of Fractional Shares” and “Tax Treatment of Cash Received by Dissenting Shareholders”);

 

    each Ashland shareholder will apportion its tax basis in its Ashland common stock ratably between the New Ashland common stock and Marathon common stock it receives in the transactions in proportion to the relative fair market values of such New Ashland common stock and Marathon common stock on the date of the distribution and acquisition merger;

 

    the holding period of the shares of New Ashland common stock and shares of Marathon common stock received by a shareholder in the transactions will include the period during which that shareholder held its shares of Ashland common stock exchanged in the transactions; and

 

    except as described below under “Potential Taxable Gain Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 355(e),” no gain, loss or income will be recognized by Marathon, Ashland, ATB Holdings or New Ashland as a result of the transactions other than a certain amount of gain (not expected to exceed $5 million) as a result of working capital adjustments pursuant to the assignment and assumption agreement relating to the maleic anhydride business.

 

Potential Taxable Gain Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 355(e). A tax under Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code will be imposed on Marathon and possibly on New Ashland if, as of the date of the closing of the transactions, the fair market value of the New Ashland common stock exceeds Ashland’s tax basis in the New Ashland common stock. That tax basis cannot be determined with precision at this time because it depends, among other things, on the amount of taxable income Ashland generates before the closing of the transactions. In addition, under the closing agreement with the Internal Revenue Service the tax basis of the New Ashland common stock will be reduced by reason of the assumption by New Ashland of certain contingent liabilities of Ashland. Ashland estimates that, based on the number of shares of Ashland common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2005, the basis reduction required by the closing agreement for those contingent liabilities will be approximately $2.34 per share of New Ashland common stock (comprised of $1.29 per share specified in the closing agreement for certain contingent liabilities plus approximately $1.05 per share estimated by Ashland based on the methodology and discount rate specified in the closing agreement for other contingent liabilities). Based on current estimates (including estimates of the basis reduction required by the closing agreement) and the number of shares of Ashland common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2005, Ashland estimates that the tax basis of the New Ashland common stock will be approximately $54.94 per share on the closing date. If on the closing date the value of a share of New Ashland stock exceeds its tax basis of approximately $54.94 (which would correspond to a value of approximately $67.50 per share of Ashland common stock, comprised of approximately $54.94 of New Ashland common stock and approximately $12.56 of Marathon common stock), a tax will be imposed under Section 355(e). The Section 355(e) tax will generally equal such excess multiplied by Ashland’s regular statutory corporate income tax rate. The amount, if any, of tax that will be imposed under Section 355(e) cannot be estimated at this time because it depends on the value of a share of New Ashland common stock on the closing date. Under the tax matters agreement among the parties, Marathon will bear the first portion of the Section 355(e) tax, if any, up to $200 million (which may be increased under certain circumstances), New Ashland will bear the next $175 million of any Section 355(e) tax, and New

 

88


Table of Contents

Ashland and Marathon will each bear 50% of any remaining Section 355(e) tax. The parties’ allocation of responsibility for the Section 355(e) tax should not be viewed as an expression of their expectations regarding the amount of that tax.

 

Tax Treatment of Cash Received in Lieu of Fractional Shares. Each Ashland shareholder will generally recognize capital gain or loss on any cash it receives in lieu of a fractional share of Marathon common stock equal to the difference between the amount of cash received and its basis allocated to such fractional share. Such gain or loss will constitute long-term capital gain or loss if the holding period in the shares of ATB Holdings common stock surrendered in the acquisition merger is greater than 12 months as of the date of the acquisition merger.

 

Tax Treatment of Cash Received by Dissenting Shareholders. Each Ashland shareholder who does not vote in favor of approval of the transactions and properly asserts dissenters’ rights pursuant to Subtitle 13 of the Kentucky Business Corporation Act will generally recognize capital gain or loss on any cash it receives from the exercise of such dissenters’ rights equal to the difference between the amount of cash received and its tax basis in its shares of Ashland common stock. Such gain or loss will constitute long-term capital gain or loss if the holding period of those shares of Ashland common stock is greater than 12 months as of the date of the reorganization merger.

 

Backup Withholding. Non-corporate holders of Ashland common stock may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding on any cash payments received in lieu of a fractional share interest in Marathon stock. Any such holder will not be subject to backup withholding, however, if such holder:

 

    furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that such holder is not subject to backup withholding on the substitute Form W-9 or successor form included in the letter of transmittal to be delivered to the holder following the completion of the merger; or

 

    is otherwise exempt from backup withholding.

 

Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or credit against a holder’s U.S. Federal income tax liability, provided such holder furnishes the required information to the Internal Revenue Service.

 

Reporting Requirements. Current Treasury regulations require each holder who receives shares of New Ashland common stock pursuant to the acquisition merger to attach to such holder’s Federal income tax return for the year in which the acquisition merger occurs, a detailed statement setting forth such data as may be appropriate in order to show the applicability of Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code to the distribution.

 

In addition, with respect to the receipt of shares of Marathon common stock in the acquisition merger, holders will be required to retain records pertaining to the acquisition merger and will be required to file with their United States Federal income tax return for the year in which the acquisition merger takes place a statement setting forth certain facts relating to the acquisition merger.

 

THIS DISCUSSION DOES NOT ADDRESS TAX CONSEQUENCES THAT MAY VARY WITH, OR ARE CONTINGENT ON, INDIVIDUAL CIRCUMSTANCES. MOREOVER, IT DOES NOT ADDRESS ANY NON-INCOME TAX OR ANY FOREIGN, STATE OR LOCAL TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE TRANSACTIONS. TAX MATTERS ARE VERY COMPLICATED, AND THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE TRANSACTIONS WILL DEPEND UPON THE FACTS OF EACH HOLDER’S PARTICULAR SITUATION. ACCORDINGLY, EACH ASHLAND SHAREHOLDER SHOULD CONSULT WITH A TAX ADVISOR TO DETERMINE THE PARTICULAR FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL OR FOREIGN INCOME OR OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES TO SUCH HOLDER OF THE TRANSACTIONS.

 

89


Table of Contents

Regulatory Matters

 

The transactions are conditioned on the satisfaction of certain regulatory matters described below. The parties have agreed to use their reasonable best efforts to make all regulatory filings and obtain all regulatory approvals necessary to close the transactions. Please read the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Master Agreement—Conditions to Closing of the Transactions” and “The Master Agreement—Covenants and Additional Agreements.”

 

The following is a summary of the regulatory requirements affecting the transactions. Although the parties have not yet received all of the regulatory approvals discussed below, we anticipate that all regulatory approvals will be received prior to the date of the special meeting. We cannot assure you that the parties will obtain all of the regulatory approvals described in this section or that the granting of these approvals will not involve the imposition of conditions on the closing of the transactions that require changes in the terms of the transactions.

 

Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976. Under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 and the rules of the Federal Trade Commission, the transactions may not be closed until the following steps have been taken:

 

    notification and report forms have been submitted and information has been furnished to the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission; and

 

    required waiting periods have expired or been terminated.

 

On May 6, 2005, Ashland and Marathon each filed notification and report forms with the Antitrust Division and the Federal Trade Commission based on the amended structure. The Federal Trade Commission granted Ashland and Marathon’s request for early termination of the statutory waiting period applicable to the transactions, and the waiting period was terminated on May 13, 2005.

 

At any time before or after the closing of the transactions and notwithstanding the expiration or termination of the HSR Act waiting period, any federal or state antitrust authorities could take action under the antitrust laws as they deem necessary or desirable in the public interest. Such action could include seeking to enjoin the closing of the transactions. Private parties may also seek to take legal action under the antitrust laws, if circumstances permit.

 

The transactions are conditioned on the absence of any temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other order issued by any court of competent jurisdiction or other governmental entity or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing or making unlawful the closing of the transactions. The parties have agreed to use their reasonable best efforts to defend any legal proceedings challenging the transaction agreements or the closing of the transactions. Please read the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Master Agreement—Conditions to Closing of the Transactions” and “The Master Agreement—Covenants and Additional Agreements.” We cannot assure you, however, that a legal challenge to the transactions will not be made or that, if any such challenge is made, the parties to the transactions will prevail.

 

Foreign Regulatory Filings. It is a condition to the closing of the transactions that any consents, approvals and filings under any foreign antitrust laws, the absence of which would prohibit the closing of the transactions, be obtained or made. Although Ashland and Marathon are not aware of any foreign governmental approvals or actions that may be required for the closing of the transactions, it is possible that one or more foreign governments could attempt to impose additional conditions on Ashland’s and/or Marathon’s operations in one or more foreign jurisdictions as a result of the transactions. In that event, we cannot assure you that any required consents or approvals will be granted and, if those consents or approvals are received, we cannot assure you as to when those consents or approvals will be received.

 

Accounting Treatment

 

Marathon will account for the partial redemption and the acquisition merger as a purchase business combination under generally accepted accounting principles, with Marathon treated as the acquiring enterprise.

 

90


Table of Contents

Marathon will establish a new accounting basis for the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities of MAP, to the extent of the 38% of MAP not already owned by Marathon, based on the estimated fair values of those assets and liabilities at the closing date for the transactions. The new accounting basis for the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities of the maleic anhydride business and the VIOC centers that Marathon will acquire, as well as the 4% interest in LOOP and 8.62% interest in LOCAP that Marathon will acquire, will be based on their estimated fair values as of the closing date for the transactions. Marathon will record as goodwill any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities. Marathon will not amortize the goodwill, but will test it periodically for impairment. Marathon has not completed a final determination of the fair values. For purposes of disclosing pro forma information in this proxy statement/prospectus, Marathon has made a preliminary determination of the purchase price allocation, based on current estimates and assumptions. That preliminary determination is subject to revision as additional information becomes available.

 

Although Marathon will own a majority interest in both LOOP and LOCAP as a result of the transactions, Marathon will continue to account for those investments under the equity method of accounting, since Marathon will not have a controlling financial interest in either of those entities.

 

Ashland will account for the disposition of its 38% interest in MAP, its maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers as a sale under generally accepted accounting principles. A gain will be recognized to the extent the approximately $3.715 billion of total consideration, plus an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions, to be received by Ashland and its shareholders (including the $915 million of shares of Marathon common stock issued directly to Ashland shareholders, which will be reflected as a dividend) exceeds Ashland’s net book value of the businesses sold, estimated to be approximately $2.518 billion as of March 31, 2005, and the expenses of the sale. Because none of the three businesses qualifies for treatment as discontinued operations, the gain will be recognized in income from continuing operations.

 

Rights of Dissenting Shareholders

 

The following is a summary of the material provisions of Kentucky law relating to the dissenters’ rights of shareholders. This description is not a complete description of the provisions of Kentucky law relating to the dissenters’ rights of shareholders and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the provisions of Sections 271B.13-010 through 271B.13-310 of the Kentucky Business Corporation Act (the “KBCA”), which are attached in full as Annex H to this proxy statement/prospectus. You are urged to read Annex H in its entirety.

 

Under the provisions of the KBCA, if the reorganization merger is completed, any shareholder of Ashland who objects to the reorganization merger (and therefore, the transactions and the transaction agreements) and who fully complies with Sections 271B.13-010 through 271B.13-310 of the KBCA will be entitled to demand and receive payment in cash of an amount equal to the fair value of his or her shares of Ashland common stock, instead of receiving the consideration that would be provided as a result of the transactions.

 

A shareholder of record may assert dissenters’ rights as to fewer than all of the shares registered in his or her name only if he or she dissents with respect to all shares beneficially owned by any one beneficial owner and notifies Ashland in writing of the name and address of each person on whose behalf he or she asserts dissenters’ rights. A beneficial owner may assert dissenters’ rights only if the beneficial owner submits to Ashland the record shareholder’s written consent to the dissent not later than the time the beneficial owner asserts dissenters’ rights, and does so with respect to all shares of Ashland common stock of which he or she is the beneficial owner or over which he or she has power to direct the vote.

 

For the purpose of determining the amount to be received in connection with the exercise of statutory dissenters’ rights, the fair value of a dissenting shareholder’s Ashland common stock will equal the value of the shares immediately before the effective time of the reorganization merger, excluding any appreciation or depreciation in anticipation of the transactions, unless such exclusion would be inequitable.

 

91


Table of Contents

Any Ashland shareholder desiring to receive payment of the fair value of his or her shares of Ashland common stock must:

 

    deliver to Ashland, prior to the shareholder vote at the special meeting to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements, a written notice of his or her intent to demand payment for his or her shares if the reorganization merger is completed;

 

    not vote his or her shares in favor of the transactions and the transaction agreements; and

 

    comply with the payment demand and other procedural requirements of the KBCA described below.

 

All written communications from shareholders with respect to the assertion of dissenters’ rights should be mailed to Ashland, before the reorganization merger, or New Ashland (as the successor by merger to EXM LLC), after the reorganization merger, at: Ashland Inc., 50 E. RiverCenter Blvd., P. O. Box 391, Covington, Kentucky 41012-0391, Attention: General Counsel. Voting against, abstaining from voting or failing to vote on the proposal to approve the transactions and the transaction agreements is not enough to satisfy the requirements for the appropriate assertion of dissenters’ rights under the KBCA. You must also comply with all of the conditions relating to the separate written notice of intent to demand payment described above and the separate written demand for payment of the fair value of shares of Ashland common stock and the other procedural provisions described below.

 

Within 10 days after the date the transactions and the transaction agreements are approved by Ashland shareholders, Ashland will send a dissenters’ notice to all shareholders who have timely provided a notice of intent to demand payment in accordance with the procedures described above. The dissenters’ notice will:

 

    specify the dates and place for receipt of the payment demand and the deposit of the Ashland stock certificates;

 

    inform holders of uncertificated shares, if any, to what extent transfer of the shares will be restricted after the payment demand is received;

 

    supply a form for demanding payment that includes the date of the first announcement to the news media or Ashland shareholders of the terms of the transactions and requires that the person asserting dissenters’ rights certify whether or not he or she acquired beneficial ownership of his or her shares before that date;

 

    set a date by which the payment demand must be received, which date must not be fewer than 30 nor more than 60 days after the dissenters’ notice is delivered; and

 

    be accompanied by a copy of the dissenters’ rights provisions of the KBCA.

 

In order to receive the payment contemplated by the dissenters’ rights provisions of the KBCA, a shareholder who receives a dissenters’ notice must:

 

    demand payment;

 

    certify whether the holder acquired beneficial ownership of his or her shares before the date of the first announcement to news media or to shareholders of the terms of the transactions; and

 

    deposit his or her stock certificates with Ashland or New Ashland, as applicable, in accordance with the terms of the dissenters’ notice.

 

If the closing of the transactions does not occur with 60 days after the date set for demanding payment and depositing share certificates, Ashland will be required to return the deposited certificates and release the transfer restrictions imposed on uncertificated shares. Once the closing of the transactions does occur, New Ashland will be required to send a new dissenters’ notice, and the payment demand procedures outlined above must be repeated.

 

92


Table of Contents

As soon as the closing of the transactions occurs and New Ashland receives a payment demand from a dissenting shareholder who has complied with the statutory requirements, New Ashland will pay the dissenter the amount it estimates to be the fair value of his or her shares, plus accrued interest. New Ashland’s payment will be accompanied by:

 

    Ashland’s balance sheet as of the end of a fiscal year ended not more than 16 months before the date of payment, an income statement for that year, a statement of changes in shareholders’ equity for that year and the latest available interim financial statements, if any;

 

    a statement of New Ashland’s estimate of the fair value of the shares;

 

    an explanation of how the interest was calculated; and

 

    a statement of the dissenting shareholder’s right to demand payment of a different amount under Section 271B.13-280 of the KBCA.

 

After the closing of the transactions, New Ashland may elect to withhold payment from a dissenter unless the dissenter was the beneficial owner of the shares before the date of the first announcement to the news media or Ashland shareholders of the terms of the transactions. If New Ashland makes such an election, it will estimate the fair value of the shares, plus accrued interest, and send an offer to each such dissenter that includes the estimate of the fair value, an explanation of how the interest was calculated and a statement of the dissenter’s right to demand payment of a different amount under Section 271B.13-280 of the KBCA. New Ashland will pay the offer amount to each such dissenting shareholder who agrees to accept it in full satisfaction of his or her demand.

 

If New Ashland fails to make the payment described above within 60 days after the date set for demanding payment or the dissenting shareholder believes the amount New Ashland paid or offered is less than the fair value of the shares or that the interest due is incorrectly calculated, within 30 days after New Ashland makes or offers payment for the shares of a dissenting shareholder, such dissenting shareholder must demand payment of his or her own estimate of the fair value of the shares and interest due. A dissenting shareholder may also demand payment of his or her estimate of the fair value of the dissenting shareholder’s shares and interest due if within 60 days after the date set for demanding payment and depositing share certificates the closing of the transactions does not occur and Ashland fails to return the dissenting shareholder’s share certificates or release the transfer restrictions imposed on the dissenting shareholder’s uncertificated shares, if any. If the demand for payment of the different amount remains unsettled, then New Ashland, within 60 days after receiving the payment demand of a different amount from the dissenting shareholder, must file an action in the Kenton County, Kentucky circuit court, requesting that the fair value of the dissenting shareholder’s shares be determined. New Ashland must make all dissenting shareholders whose demands remain unsettled parties to the proceeding. Each dissenter made a party to the proceeding will be entitled to judgment:

 

    for any amount by which the court finds the fair value of that dissenter’s shares, plus interest, exceeds the amount New Ashland paid; or

 

    for the fair value, plus accrued interest, of that dissenter’s shares acquired after the date of the first public announcement of the terms of the transactions for which New Ashland elected to withhold payment.

 

If New Ashland does not begin the proceeding within the 60-day period, it will be required to pay the amount demanded by each dissenting shareholder whose demand remains unsettled.

 

Ashland shareholders should note that dissenting shareholders will recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes on cash paid to them in satisfaction of the fair value of their shares. See “The Transactions—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Transactions.”

 

Failure by an Ashland shareholder to follow the steps required by the KBCA for properly asserting dissenters’ rights may result in the loss of those rights. In view of the complexity of these provisions and the

 

93


Table of Contents

requirement that they be strictly followed, if you are considering dissenting from the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements and asserting your dissenters’ rights under the KBCA, you should consult your legal advisor.

 

Use of Proceeds

 

Ashland intends that New Ashland will use the proceeds from the capital contribution, either at closing or as soon as reasonably practicable after the closing, to repurchase, repay or defease outstanding indebtedness and to pay, or make payments in connection with the termination or renegotiation of, certain other financial obligations. Ashland intends that New Ashland will use the proceeds from the partial redemption for general corporate purposes, which may include the funding of pension obligations and expanding its business through both internal growth and future business acquisitions.

 

Ashland and New Ashland have represented to Marathon that, as of March 18, 2004, the date of the signing of the original master agreement, Ashland had, and as of the date of the closing of the transactions New Ashland will have, no intention to declare a dividend or distribution (other than consistent with historical dividends) or to complete a share repurchase using proceeds received from the partial redemption or the capital contribution. Furthermore, from the date of the closing of the transactions through the sixth anniversary of the closing, New Ashland has agreed not to pay any dividend or other distribution or repurchase shares of its common stock using proceeds received from the transactions without the consent of Marathon if, at the time of the declaration or payment, New Ashland is or would be (after giving effect to the payment) insolvent under any applicable fraudulent transfer or conveyance law as determined in good faith by New Ashland’s board of directors in accordance with its fiduciary duties under applicable law. In addition, any share repurchases must comply with Internal Revenue Service Revenue Procedure 96-30, which generally requires that (i) the shares be repurchased in the open market and (ii) New Ashland would not intend to repurchase more than 20% of its outstanding shares.

 

Existing MAP Agreements

 

The following is a summary of the material terms and provisions of general agreements entered into in connection with the formation of MAP. This description is not a complete description of the existing MAP agreements and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of those agreements, which have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this proxy statement/prospectus is a part. We encourage you to read those agreements in their entirety. The master agreement modifies some of the provisions of those agreements. See “The Master Agreement—Existing MAP Agreements.”

 

Limited Liability Company Agreement. Marathon Oil Company and Ashland, as the only members in MAP, entered into a limited liability company agreement, or the “LLC agreement,” to establish the governance provisions regarding MAP.

 

The LLC agreement provides that the initial term of MAP expires in December 2022, provided that the term will automatically extend for successive ten-year periods unless, at least two years prior to the end of a term, a member gives notice to the other member that it wants to terminate the term of MAP.

 

The LLC agreement provides that the business and affairs of MAP are managed by the members acting through their respective representatives on the board of managers. The board consists of five representatives designated by Marathon Oil Company, three representatives designated by Ashland and the president of MAP, who is a non-voting member of the board. Each representative on the board is entitled to one vote, and action by the board normally requires a majority vote of the representatives present at a duly called meeting of the board at which a quorum is present. The LLC agreement provides that specified actions by MAP require a unanimous vote of the representatives present at a duly called meeting at which a quorum is present, including, among others:

 

    a purchase or investment with an aggregate purchase price or cost of approximately $23 million or more in a new line of business;

 

94


Table of Contents
    any reorganization, merger, consolidation or similar transaction, or the sale or lease of all or substantially all the assets: (1) involving MAP; or (2) involving a subsidiary of MAP which involves consideration in excess of approximately $58 million;

 

    the admission of a new member;

 

    the acceptance or requirement of certain additional capital contributions;

 

    the initial hiring of specified officers;

 

    the approval of capital expenditures in a fiscal year in excess of an amount based on MAP’s earnings and depreciation during the prior three fiscal years;

 

    operating leases which result in lease expenses that exceed approximately $93 million for any fiscal year;

 

    certain acquisitions, divestitures and capital projects involving consideration in excess of approximately $58 million in any one year;

 

    the initiation or settlement of certain actions, suits, claims or proceedings;

 

    a change in independent auditors, except to a major accounting firm;

 

    adjustments to the manner of making distributions from that provided in the LLC agreement; and

 

    the commencement of a voluntary case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law.

 

The LLC agreement also provides for (1) the amount, timing, frequency and method of calculating distributions, including distributions relating to taxes, from MAP to the members and (2) other allocations and tax matters. In addition, the LLC agreement provides for restrictions on the transfer by a member of its membership interests. MAP has agreed to indemnify each member against specified losses incurred in its capacity as a member.

 

In March 2004, Marathon Oil Company and MAP entered into a loan agreement pursuant to which MAP borrowed funds from Marathon Oil Company to finance MAP’s Detroit refinery upgrade and expansion projects. The loan agreement requires MAP to begin repayment of the loan upon the completion of the projects. Accordingly, the LLC agreement was amended in March 2004 to require MAP’s Detroit refinery’s cash flows to service the repayment of MAP’s loan from Marathon Oil Company.

 

Asset Transfer and Contribution Agreement. In connection with the formation of MAP, Marathon Oil Company, Ashland and MAP entered into an asset transfer and contribution agreement. In consideration of the asset transfers provided in that agreement, Marathon Oil Company and Ashland received 62% and 38% membership interests in MAP, respectively.

 

Marathon Oil Company and Ashland each contributed to MAP all tangible and intangible assets, contracts, permits and other rights which were used or held for use primarily in their petroleum supply, refining, marketing and transportation businesses, except for specified excluded assets. In return, MAP agreed to assume certain liabilities related to the businesses comprised of the assets contributed by each of Marathon Oil Company and Ashland.

 

Under the asset transfer and contribution agreement, Marathon Oil Company and Ashland made customary representations and warranties relating to the contributed assets and related matters. Each of Marathon Oil Company and Ashland agreed to retain certain debt obligations associated with assets contributed to MAP. In addition, Ashland agreed to forward to MAP any dividends or distributions from LOOP LLC and LOCAP LLC related to interests retained by Ashland in those entities. Each of Marathon Oil Company and Ashland agreed to indemnify the other and MAP from losses resulting from various circumstances, including:

 

    breaches of specified representations, warranties and covenants, subject to various thresholds and procedural provisions;

 

95


Table of Contents
    the failure to discharge excluded liabilities;

 

    various taxes and employee matters;

 

    various environmental losses associated with pre-closing activities and conditions; and

 

    certain other losses and claims arising out of pre-closing activities.

 

In addition, MAP agreed to indemnify Marathon Oil Company and Ashland from certain losses, including losses arising after closing related to the assets transferred to MAP and other losses and claims arising out of post-closing activities of MAP.

 

Put/Call, Registration Rights and Standstill Agreement. Marathon Oil Company, Marathon, Ashland and MAP have entered into a put/call, registration rights and standstill agreement, or the “put/call agreement.” The put/call agreement provides for the following rights:

 

    Ashland Put Right: At any time after December 31, 2004, Ashland has the right to sell to Marathon Oil Company all of Ashland’s membership interest in MAP for an amount in cash and/or Marathon Oil Company or Marathon debt or equity securities equal to the product of 85% (for the portion of the purchase price to be paid in cash or debt securities) or 90% (for the portion of the purchase price to be paid in equity securities) of the fair market value of MAP (determined in accordance with the put/call agreement), multiplied by Ashland’s percentage interest in MAP, plus interest from the date of exercise of the right until closing of the sale. Payment may be made at closing, or, at Marathon Oil Company’s option, in three equal annual installments, the first of which is payable at closing.

 

    Marathon Oil Company Call Right: At any time on and after December 31, 2004, Marathon Oil Company has the right to purchase all of Ashland’s membership interest in MAP for an amount in cash equal to the product of 115% of the fair market value of MAP, multiplied by Ashland’s percentage interest in MAP, plus interest from the date of exercise of the right until closing of the sale.

 

    Right to Purchase at Termination: If Marathon Oil Company or Ashland provides notice that it wants to terminate the term of MAP as described above under “The Transactions—Existing MAP Agreements—Limited Liability Company Agreement,” the non-terminating party has the right to purchase the terminating party’s membership interest in MAP at the fair market value of MAP, multiplied by the terminating party’s percentage interest in MAP, plus interest from the date of exercise of the right until closing of the sale.

 

The master agreement governing the transactions provides that Ashland may not exercise its put right and Marathon Oil Company may not exercise its call right under the put/call agreement unless the master agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms. See “The Master Agreement—Existing MAP Agreements.”

 

The put/call agreement also provides Ashland specified demand registration rights with respect to Marathon Oil Company or Marathon securities issued to Ashland upon closing of the exercise of Ashland’s put right. Standstill provisions in the put/call agreement prevent Marathon Oil Company and Marathon from acquiring more than 1% of any class of voting securities of Ashland or taking certain other actions to seek control of Ashland or to seek to control, disrupt or influence the management, business, operations, policies or affairs of Ashland until six months after the earlier of either Ashland or Marathon Oil Company ceases to own any membership interest in MAP. Ashland is subject to similar restrictions with respect to voting securities of Marathon.

 

Each of Marathon Oil Company, Marathon and Ashland has agreed that, during the term of MAP, it will not engage in a business within North America that is substantially in competition with the business conducted by MAP at the time of execution of the put/call agreement in January 1998 or with a new line of business of MAP approved by the board of managers of MAP pursuant to the LLC agreement. These restrictions are subject to various exceptions and may be waived by the board of managers of MAP.

 

96


Table of Contents

The put/call agreement was amended in March 2004 to provide that, in the event Marathon Oil Company exercises its call right, MAP’s Detroit refinery will not be valued (less associated debt) at an amount less than the working capital related to the Detroit refinery, excluding working capital additions related to the expansion and clean fuels project.

 

Effects of the Transactions On Ashland Shareholders

 

The master agreement provides that each share of Ashland common stock (other than shares held by shareholders who validly assert dissenters’ rights) issued and outstanding immediately before the effective time of the reorganization merger will be converted automatically into and thereafter represent one duly issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of ATB Holdings common stock.

 

The master agreement provides that promptly after the effective time of the conversion merger, ATB Holdings will distribute shares of New Ashland common stock to the holders of ATB Holdings common stock on the basis of one share of New Ashland common stock for each outstanding share of ATB Holdings common stock.

 

The master agreement provides that each share of ATB Holdings common stock issued and outstanding immediately before the effective time of the acquisition merger will be automatically converted into the right to receive a number of duly issued, fully paid and nonassessable shares of Marathon common stock equal to the exchange ratio. The exchange ratio will equal $915 million divided by the product of (1) the Fair Market Value (defined below) and (2) the total number of shares of Ashland common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing. The exchange ratio is designed to provide that the shareholders of Ashland will receive an aggregate number of Marathon shares worth $915 million.

 

“Fair Market Value” means an amount equal to the average of the closing sale prices per share for the Marathon common stock on the New York Stock Exchange as reported in The Wall Street Journal, Northeastern Edition, for each of the 20 consecutive trading days ending with the third complete trading day prior to the closing date (not counting the closing date).

 

Except as described in the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Description of Common Stock of New Ashland” and “Comparison of Rights of Holders of Common Stock” and as provided for in the transaction agreements, the New Ashland articles of incorporation and by-laws to be in effect upon closing of the transactions will be substantially similar to those of Ashland.

 

Ashland shareholders’ rights as holders of Marathon common stock are described in the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Description of Marathon Capital Stock—Common Stock” and “Comparison of Rights of Holders of Common Stock.”

 

Interests of Directors and Executive Officers of Ashland

 

In considering the recommendation of the Ashland board of directors to vote for the approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements, you should be aware that members of the Ashland board of directors and the executive officers of Ashland have interests in the transactions that are in addition to your interests as an Ashland shareholder. The Ashland board of directors was aware of these interests and considered them, among other matters, in adopting and approving the transactions and the transaction agreements. The Ashland board of directors determined that these benefits were such that they would not affect the ability of the members of the Ashland board of directors or these executive officers of Ashland to discharge their duties. These additional interests, to the extent material, are described below.

 

New Ashland Board of Directors and Executive Officers. Immediately after the closing of the transactions, (1) all of the existing directors of Ashland are expected to serve as directors of New Ashland and receive the same compensation as before the closing of the transactions and (2) all of the existing executive

 

97


Table of Contents

officers of Ashland are expected to serve as the executive officers of New Ashland and receive the same compensation as before the closing of the transactions. See “The Companies—New Ashland.”

 

Indemnification. Ashland directors and executive officers are protected by the indemnification provisions of the Ashland third restated articles of incorporation, the Ashland by-laws and certain provisions of the Kentucky Business Corporation Act. Similarly, New Ashland directors and executive officers will be protected by the indemnification provisions of New Ashland’s articles of incorporation and by-laws to be in effect upon the closing of the transactions and certain provisions of the Kentucky Business Corporation Act. In addition, Ashland has, and New Ashland will enter into, indemnification agreements with their respective directors. See “Liability and Indemnification of Directors” and “Comparison of Rights of Holders of Common Stock.”

 

Treatment of Ashland Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights

 

Outstanding Ashland stock options and Ashland stock appreciation rights under Ashland’s stock option and incentive plans to reflect the transactions. Pursuant to that adjustment, both the number of shares subject to each outstanding Ashland stock option and Ashland stock appreciation right and the applicable exercise price thereof will be appropriately and equitably adjusted to reflect the change in the fair market value of the Ashland common stock immediately before and immediately after the closing of the transactions in a manner that will preserve the aggregate exercise price and intrinsic value of each outstanding Ashland stock option and Ashland stock appreciation right immediately prior to the closing of the transactions. In addition, the shares of Ashland common stock reserved for issuance under Ashland’s stock option and incentive plans will be converted into the same number of shares of New Ashland common stock.

 

Unvested Ashland nonqualified stock options and Ashland stock appreciation rights granted to active employees of MAP, Marathon or their subsidiaries immediately prior to the closing of the transactions that are outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the closing of the transactions, and were either (1) granted in 2001 or 2002 or (2) granted in 2003 and scheduled to vest on September 18, 2005, will become fully vested upon the closing of the transactions. These Ashland nonqualified stock options and Ashland stock appreciation rights, in addition to Ashland nonqualified stock options and Ashland stock appreciation rights granted to active employees of MAP, Marathon or their subsidiaries that are outstanding, vested and exercisable but remain unexercised immediately prior to the closing of the transactions, will remain exercisable for 90 days after the closing of the transactions. In addition, the Ashland nonqualified stock options and Ashland stock appreciation rights will be adjusted as described in the preceding paragraph.

 

Restrictions on Resales by Affiliates

 

The offering of the shares of Marathon common stock to be issued to the shareholders of Ashland (who will hold ATB Holdings common stock at the effective time of the acquisition merger) in connection with the acquisition merger will be registered under the Securities Act. Accordingly, the shares of Marathon common stock issued in the acquisition merger may be traded freely without restriction by those shareholders who are not affiliates of Ashland. Any transfer of these shares by any person who is an affiliate of Ashland will, under existing law, require:

 

    the further registration under the Securities Act of the transfer of shares of Marathon common stock by any such affiliate;

 

    compliance with Rule 145 promulgated under the Securities Act (permitting limited sales under certain circumstances); or

 

    the availability of another exemption from registration under the Securities Act.

 

An “affiliate” of Ashland is a person who, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with Ashland. Marathon will give stop transfer instructions

 

98


Table of Contents

to the transfer agent with respect to the shares of Marathon common stock to be received by persons whom Marathon identifies as being subject to these restrictions, and any certificates for their shares will be appropriately legended.

 

Ashland has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to cause each person who is an affiliate of Ashland (for the purposes of Rule 145 under the Securities Act) to deliver to Marathon a written agreement intended to ensure compliance with the above requirements of the Securities Act.

 

This proxy statement/prospectus does not cover resales of shares of Marathon common stock to be received by any person in connection with the acquisition merger, and no person is authorized to make any use of this proxy statement/prospectus in connection with any resale.

 

Stock Exchange Listing of New Ashland Common Stock; Delisting and Deregistration of Ashland Common Stock

 

The transactions are conditioned upon the shares of New Ashland common stock to be issued in connection with the transactions being approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq National Market, subject to official notice of issuance. Ashland intends for the shares of New Ashland common stock to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange. Ashland expects that the symbol under which Ashland common stock now trades (“ASH”) will continue to be used for the shares of New Ashland common stock. If the transactions are completed, Ashland common stock will cease to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange and will be deregistered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

Stock Exchange Listing of Marathon Common Stock

 

The transactions are conditioned on the shares of Marathon common stock to be issued in connection with the transactions being approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance. Shares of Marathon common stock currently are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the Chicago Stock Exchange and the Pacific Stock Exchange under the symbol “MRO.”

 

Delivery of New Ashland Certificates

 

Prior to the closing of the transactions, Ashland will designate a bank or trust company reasonably acceptable to Marathon to act as the distribution agent for the distribution of certificates representing shares of New Ashland common stock to be distributed to Ashland shareholders (who will hold ATB Holdings common stock at the effective time of the distribution) in the distribution. Promptly following the effective time of the conversion merger, ATB Holdings will effect the distribution by delivery of certificates representing shares of New Ashland common stock to the distribution agent for delivery to the holders of record of a certificate or certificates that immediately prior to the effective time of the reorganization merger represented outstanding shares of Ashland common stock (other than shares held by shareholders who validly assert dissenters’ rights) without any further action by such holders. It is contemplated that the distribution agent will be the same bank or trust company that serves as the exchange agent described below.

 

Exchange of Ashland Certificates; Treatment of Fractional Shares

 

Prior to the closing of the transactions, Ashland will designate a bank or trust company reasonably acceptable to Marathon to act as the exchange agent for the transactions. Promptly following the effective time of the acquisition merger, Marathon will issue and deposit with the exchange agent certificates representing the shares of Marathon common stock issuable in exchange for outstanding shares of ATB Holdings common stock. Marathon will provide the exchange agent with all the cash necessary to pay any dividends or other distributions payable with respect to those shares of Marathon common stock as described below. Marathon will not issue any

 

99


Table of Contents

fractional shares of Marathon common stock. Instead, an Ashland shareholder who otherwise would have received a fraction of a share of Marathon common stock will receive an amount of cash equal to the fraction of a share of Marathon common stock (to which such holder would otherwise be entitled) multiplied by the Fair Market Value.

 

As promptly as reasonably practical after the effective time of the acquisition merger, the exchange agent will mail to each holder of record of a certificate or certificates that immediately prior to the effective time of the reorganization merger represented outstanding shares of Ashland common stock (other than shares held by shareholders who validly assert dissenters’ rights):

 

    a letter of transmittal, which will state that delivery will be effected, and risk of loss and title to the shareholder’s certificate or certificates will pass, only upon delivery of the certificate or certificates to the exchange agent and will be in a form and have other provisions that New Ashland and Marathon may specify; and

 

    instructions for use in effecting the surrender of a share certificate or certificates in exchange for acquisition merger consideration.

 

Upon surrender of a certificate or certificates that immediately prior to the effective time of the reorganization merger represented outstanding shares of Ashland common stock for cancelation to the exchange agent, together with a properly completed letter of transmittal, the holder of such certificate or certificates will be entitled to receive in exchange for the certificate or certificates:

 

    a certificate or certificates representing the number of whole shares of Marathon common stock that the holder has a right to receive;

 

    cash in lieu of fractional shares of Marathon common stock that the holder has a right to receive;

 

    any dividends or other distributions paid with respect to whole shares of Marathon common stock that such holder has a right to receive with a record date after the closing; and

 

    on the appropriate payment date, any dividends or other distributions payable with respect to whole shares of Marathon common stock that such holder has a right to receive with a record date on or after the closing but prior to the surrender of the certificate or certificates and a payment date subsequent to the surrender.

 

Beginning six months after the effective date of the acquisition merger, any holder of any unexchanged certificate or certificates that immediately prior to the effective time of the reorganization merger represented outstanding shares of Ashland common stock will look only to New Ashland for payment of such holder’s claim for the acquisition merger consideration and any dividends or distributions with respect to shares of Marathon common stock.

 

100


Table of Contents

THE MASTER AGREEMENT

 

The following is a summary of the material terms and conditions of the master agreement, which generally sets forth the framework and principal terms for effecting the transactions. This description is not a complete description of the master agreement and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the original master agreement and the amendment to the master agreement, copies of which are attached as Annex A and are incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus. We encourage you to read the master agreement in its entirety for a more complete description of the terms and conditions of the master agreement.

 

Transaction Steps

 

The master agreement sets forth a series of steps necessary to complete the transactions. Following the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions to the closing of the transactions set forth in the master agreement, it is anticipated that these steps will occur on the day of closing of the transactions and in the following order:

 

1. Partial redemption. MAP will redeem a portion of Ashland’s 38% interest in MAP for a redemption price of approximately $900 million plus an amount equal to 38% of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions, payable in a combination of cash and MAP accounts receivable. We refer to this redemption as the “partial redemption.” The actual portion to be redeemed will be determined by a formula, but it is expected that the partial redemption will leave Ashland with a continuing interest in MAP of approximately 28%. Ashland and Marathon have agreed that MAP will not make its quarterly distributions for the period from March 18, 2004, the date of the signing of the original master agreement, to the closing of the transactions or the termination of the master agreement in accordance with its terms, unless approved by a supermajority vote of the MAP board of managers. Although MAP has made no cash distributions since March 18, 2004, approximately one month prior to the date of the partial redemption MAP may make a pro rata cash distribution to Ashland and Marathon in a total amount to be determined shortly before that distribution. The total amount of the partial redemption and the ATB Holdings borrowing (defined below) will be $2,799,170,000, plus any increases as a result of the cash held by MAP as of the closing of the transactions or the last paragraph describing this step of the transactions.

 

Marathon will be responsible for ensuring that MAP has available a total amount of cash and accounts receivable sufficient to fund the partial redemption and both Marathon and Ashland will use reasonable best efforts to ensure that MAP has available the appropriate mix of cash and accounts receivable to fund the partial redemption. The MAP accounts receivable will be selected by Ashland in accordance with a protocol specified in the master agreement and will be valued using agreed discount factors to reflect credit risk and the time value of money. Marathon has represented that the information provided to Ashland by MAP in connection with Ashland’s evaluation of MAP’s accounts receivable is true and correct in all material respects.

 

Because the valuation of the transferred accounts receivable will take into account the associated credit risk, Ashland will bear the risk of nonpayment after transfer. To the extent any transferred account receivable is reduced or canceled (other than as a result of nonpayment), MAP will promptly assign a substitute receivable of the same value.

 

The amount of the partial redemption may be increased in two circumstances. MAP may increase the amount of the partial redemption if Marathon determines, after considering the requirements of applicable fraudulent transfer or conveyance laws, that the total amount of the partial redemption and the capital contribution described in paragraph 5 below is not reasonably equivalent to the total value of Ashland’s interest in MAP, the maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers located in Michigan and northwest Ohio. The amount of the partial redemption may also be increased by 38% of certain pension contributions and similar payments by MAP in excess of specified thresholds.

 

2. Maleic anhydride business/VIOC centers contribution. Ashland will contribute its maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers located in Michigan and northwest Ohio to ATB Holdings and ATB Holdings will assume certain related liabilities. The contribution of these businesses will be effected pursuant to two assignment and assumption agreements. See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Assignment and Assumption Agreements.”

 

101


Table of Contents

3. MAP/LOOP/LOCAP contribution. Ashland will contribute to ATB Holdings its remaining interest in MAP, its 4% interest in LOOP LLC, which owns and operates the only U.S. deepwater oil port located off the coast of Louisiana, and its 8.62% interest in LOCAP LLC, which owns a crude oil pipeline, and ATB Holdings will assume certain related liabilities. The following diagram illustrates the contributions described in this paragraph and the preceding paragraph:

 

LOGO

 

4. Reorganization merger. Ashland will merge with and into EXM LLC, which will be the surviving business entity of that merger and a wholly owned subsidiary of ATB Holdings. We refer to this merger as the “reorganization merger.”

 

By virtue of the reorganization merger, each share of Ashland common stock will be converted into and represent one share of ATB Holdings common stock. All shares of Ashland common stock will no longer be outstanding, will automatically be canceled and retired and will cease to exist. However, dissenting shareholders of Ashland common stock who properly demand payment of the fair value of their shares of Ashland common stock pursuant to Subtitle 13 of the Kentucky Business Corporation Act will be entitled to payment of the fair value of their shares of Ashland common stock, rather than having their shares of Ashland common stock converted into shares of ATB Holdings common stock (and in turn receiving shares of New Ashland common stock in the distribution by ATB Holdings and having their shares of ATB Holdings common stock converted into the right to receive shares of Marathon common stock). See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Transactions—Rights of Dissenting Shareholders.”

 

5. ATB Holdings borrowing and capital contribution. Marathon will arrange for a borrowing by ATB Holdings currently expected to be approximately $1.90 billion. We refer to this borrowing as the “ATB Holdings borrowing.” The ATB Holdings borrowing will be expressly non-recourse to Ashland and will otherwise be made on terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to Ashland. Marathon may guarantee or provide other credit support for the ATB Holdings borrowing. After the ATB Holdings borrowing is completed, ATB Holdings will promptly contribute to EXM LLC cash in an amount equal to the total amount of this borrowing. We refer to this contribution as the “capital contribution.”

 

102


Table of Contents

The following diagram illustrates the reorganization merger, the ATB Holdings borrowing and the capital contribution:

 

LOGO

 

6. Conversion merger. EXM LLC will merge with and into New Ashland, which will survive the merger. We refer to this merger as the “conversion merger.”

 

By virtue of the conversion merger, each EXM LLC membership interest will be converted into a number of shares of New Ashland common stock equal to the quotient of (1) the number of shares of ATB Holdings common stock outstanding prior to the conversion merger divided by (2) the number of EXM LLC membership interests outstanding prior to the conversion merger. All shares of New Ashland common stock held by ATB Holdings immediately prior to the conversion merger will no longer be outstanding, will automatically be canceled and retired and will cease to exist.

 

7. Distribution. ATB Holdings will distribute shares of New Ashland common stock to the shareholders of Ashland (now holding ATB Holdings shares at the effective time of the distribution) on the basis of one share of New Ashland common stock for each outstanding share of ATB Holdings common stock. We refer to this as the “distribution.” As a result of the distribution, shares of New Ashland common stock will be held by the former shareholders of Ashland common stock. New Ashland will receive the proceeds of the partial redemption and the capital contribution and own all of Ashland’s existing businesses, properties and assets other than Ashland’s interests in MAP, LOOP and LOCAP, the maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers contributed to ATB Holdings as described above.

 

8. Acquisition merger. ATB Holdings will be merged into Marathon Domestic LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Marathon, which will survive the merger. We refer to this merger as the “acquisition merger.”

 

By virtue of the acquisition merger, the shareholders of Ashland (holding ATB Holdings shares at the effective time of the acquisition merger) will have the right to receive, for each share of ATB Holdings common stock, a pro rata amount of shares of Marathon common stock with a total value of $915 million (based on a 20-trading day averaging period ending three trading days prior to the closing of the transactions

 

103


Table of Contents

but not counting the date of the closing) (the “acquisition merger consideration”). The acquisition merger consideration and the shares of New Ashland common stock to be distributed pursuant to the distribution are together referred to as the “aggregate shareholder consideration.”

 

The following diagram illustrates the conversion merger, the distribution and the acquisition merger:

 

LOGO

 

The following diagram illustrates the end result of the transactions:

 

LOGO

 

104


Table of Contents

Closing; Effective Time of Mergers

 

The closing of the transactions will take place at the offices of MAP on the last business day of the calendar month in which all the conditions to closing are either satisfied or waived by the party entitled to the benefit of the condition, or if the last such condition is satisfied or waived on one of the last two business days of a calendar month, then on the last business day of the following month, or at any other place, time and date as Ashland and Marathon agree upon in writing. The reorganization merger, the conversion merger and the acquisition merger will be effective at the time that the respective articles or certificates of merger, as appropriate, are filed or at a later time on the date of the closing specified in such articles or certificates of merger.

 

Reorganization Merger Consideration

 

The master agreement provides that each share of Ashland common stock (other than shares held by shareholders who validly exercise dissenters’ rights) issued and outstanding immediately before the effective time of the reorganization merger will be converted automatically into and thereafter represent one duly issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of ATB Holdings common stock.

 

Distribution

 

The master agreement provides that promptly after the effective time of the conversion merger, ATB Holdings will distribute shares of New Ashland common stock to the holders of ATB Holdings common stock on the basis of one share of New Ashland common stock for each outstanding share of ATB Holdings common stock.

 

Acquisition Merger Consideration

 

The master agreement provides that each share of ATB Holdings common stock issued and outstanding immediately before the effective time of the acquisition merger will be automatically converted into the right to receive a number of duly issued, fully paid and nonassessable shares of Marathon common stock determined using the exchange ratio (the “acquisition merger consideration”). The exchange ratio will equal $915 million divided by the product of (1) the Fair Market Value (defined below) and (2) the total number of shares of Ashland common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing. The exchange ratio is designed to provide that the shareholders of Ashland will receive an aggregate number of Marathon shares worth $915 million.

 

“Fair Market Value” means an amount equal to the average of the closing sale prices per share for the Marathon common stock on the New York Stock Exchange as reported in The Wall Street Journal, Northeastern Edition, for each of the 20 consecutive trading days ending with the third complete trading day prior to the closing date (not counting the closing date).

 

Delivery of New Ashland Certificates

 

Prior to the closing of the transactions, Ashland will designate a bank or trust company reasonably acceptable to Marathon to act as the distribution agent for the distribution of certificates representing shares of New Ashland common stock to be distributed to Ashland shareholders (who will hold ATB Holdings common stock at the effective time of the distribution) in the distribution. Promptly following the effective time of the conversion merger, ATB Holdings will effect the distribution by delivery of certificates representing shares of New Ashland common stock to the distribution agent for delivery to the holders of record of a certificate or certificates that immediately prior to the effective time of the reorganization merger represented outstanding shares of Ashland common stock (other than shares held by shareholders who validly assert dissenters’ rights) without any further action by such holders. It is contemplated that the distribution agent will be the same bank or trust company that serves as the exchange agent described below.

 

105


Table of Contents

Exchange of Ashland Certificates; Treatment of Fractional Shares

 

Prior to the consummation of the transactions, Ashland will designate a bank or trust company reasonably acceptable to Marathon to act as the exchange agent for the transactions. Promptly following the effective time of the acquisition merger, Marathon will issue and deposit with the exchange agent certificates representing the shares of Marathon common stock issuable in exchange for outstanding shares of ATB Holdings common stock. Marathon will provide the exchange agent with all the cash necessary to pay any dividends or other distributions payable with respect to those shares of Marathon common stock as described below. Marathon will not issue any fractional shares of Marathon common stock. Instead, an Ashland shareholder who would otherwise have received a fraction of a share of Marathon common stock will receive an amount of cash equal to the fraction of a share of Marathon common stock to which such holder would otherwise be entitled multiplied by the Fair Market Value.

 

As promptly as reasonably practical after the effective time of the acquisition merger, the exchange agent will mail to each holder of record of a certificate or certificates that immediately prior to the effective time of the reorganization merger represented outstanding shares of Ashland common stock (other than shares held by shareholders who validly assert dissenters’ rights):

 

    a letter of transmittal, which will state that delivery will be effected, and risk of loss and title to the shareholder’s certificate or certificates will pass, only upon delivery of the certificate or certificates to the exchange agent and will be in a form and have other provisions that New Ashland and Marathon may specify; and

 

    instructions for use in effecting the surrender of a share certificate or certificates in exchange for acquisition merger consideration.

 

Upon surrender of a certificate or certificates that immediately prior to the effective time of the reorganization merger represented outstanding shares of Ashland common stock for cancelation to the exchange agent, the holder of such certificate or certificates will be entitled to receive in exchange for the certificate or certificates:

 

    a certificate or certificates representing the number of whole shares of Marathon common stock that the holder has a right to receive;

 

    cash in lieu of fractional shares of Marathon common stock that the holder has a right to receive; and

 

    any dividends or other distributions paid with respect to whole shares of Marathon common stock that such holder has a right to receive with a record date after the closing; and

 

    on the appropriate payment date, any dividends or other distributions payable with respect to whole shares of Marathon common stock that such holder has a right to receive with a record date on or after the closing but prior to the surrender of the certificate or certificates and a payment date subsequent to the surrender.

 

Beginning six months after the effectiveness of the acquisition merger, any holder of any unexchanged certificate or certificates that immediately prior to the effective time of the reorganization merger represented outstanding shares of Ashland common stock will look only to New Ashland for payment of such holder’s claim for the acquisition merger consideration and any dividends or distributions with respect to shares of Marathon common stock.

 

Representations and Warranties

 

Each of Ashland and New Ashland (jointly and severally) and Marathon have made representations and warranties in the master agreement with respect to themselves and their respective subsidiaries. The representations and warranties must be true as of the date of the signing of the original master agreement and as of the date of the closing of the transactions as if made on that date (except to the extent that they expressly relate

 

106


Table of Contents

to an earlier date, in which case as of such earlier date). Most of the representations and warranties are generally reciprocal and include representations and warranties that relate to:

 

    organization, standing and power;

 

    subsidiaries and equity interests;

 

    capital structure;

 

    authority, execution, delivery and enforceability;

 

    the absence of conflicts and required consents;

 

    accuracy of SEC disclosures, shareholder proxy materials and financial statements;

 

    the absence of undisclosed liabilities;

 

    the absence of certain changes or events; and

 

    brokers’ fees.

 

Marathon has also made representations and warranties that relate to:

 

    accuracy of information provided to Ashland by MAP in connection with Ashland’s evaluation of MAP accounts receivable to be transferred to Ashland in connection with the partial redemption; and

 

    employee benefits to be provided after the closing of the transactions to employees of the maleic anhydride business and the 60 VIOC centers to be contributed to ATB Holdings.

 

In addition, the master agreement contains representations and warranties of Ashland and New Ashland (jointly and severally) and Marathon that relate to the solvency of Ashland and New Ashland and the intended use of proceeds from the transactions. These representations and warranties include:

 

    Receipt of Solvency Opinions. Ashland, New Ashland and Marathon each has represented that it has received the opinions of AAA addressed to the boards of directors of Marathon with respect to the solvency of Ashland, New Ashland and MAP before the transactions and the opinion of Houlihan Lokey addressed to the boards of directors of Ashland and New Ashland with respect to the solvency of New Ashland immediately after the transactions.

 

    Intent Regarding Distributions. Ashland and New Ashland have represented that, as of March 18, 2004, the date of the signing of the original master agreement, Ashland had no intention to declare a dividend or distribution (other than consistent with historical dividends) or to complete a share repurchase using proceeds received from the partial redemption or the capital contribution. Ashland and New Ashland have represented that, as of the date of the closing of the transactions, New Ashland will not have any intention to declare a dividend or distribution (other than consistent with historical dividends paid by Ashland prior to the closing) or to complete a share repurchase using proceeds received from the partial redemption or the capital contribution. Ashland and New Ashland have further represented that, as of the closing date of the transactions, New Ashland does not intend to pay extraordinary dividends or distributions to its shareholders.

 

   

Intent Regarding Use of Proceeds. Ashland and New Ashland have represented that as of March 18, 2004, the date of the signing of the original master agreement, Ashland intended to use the cash proceeds from the capital contribution, either at the closing or as soon as reasonably practicable after the closing, to repurchase, repay or defease outstanding indebtedness and to pay, or make payments in connection with the termination or renegotiation of, certain other financial obligations. Ashland and New Ashland have represented that as of the date of the closing of the transactions, New Ashland will intend to use the cash proceeds from the capital contribution only to repurchase, repay or defease outstanding indebtedness and to pay, or make payments in connection with the termination or renegotiation of, certain other financial obligations. The cash proceeds from the partial redemption may be used for New Ashland’s

 

107


Table of Contents
 

general corporate purposes, which may include the funding of pension obligations and expanding its business through both internal growth and future business acquisitions.

 

    Ashland Solvency. Ashland and New Ashland have represented that, Ashland (before giving effect to the transactions) and New Ashland (after giving effect to the transactions) will not be insolvent, as insolvency is defined under any of the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act, the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act and the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.

 

Covenants and Additional Agreements

 

Ashland and Marathon have made certain covenants or agreements in the master agreement, including the following:

 

    Conduct of Respective Businesses. Ashland and Marathon have agreed not to take certain actions until the effective time of the acquisition merger that would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on their respective abilities to perform their obligations under the transaction agreements and ancillary agreements or on their respective abilities to close the transactions. In particular, until the date of the closing of the transactions, without the prior written consent of Marathon, Ashland is not permitted to declare a dividend or distribution other than a regular quarterly cash dividend up to 27.5 cents per share, or to complete a share repurchase.

 

    Conduct of MAP Business. Until the date of the closing of the transactions, MAP will operate its business in the ordinary course in substantially the same manner as previously conducted. In particular, MAP is prohibited from incurring debt, other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, or buying out any lease, license or similar payment obligation. In addition, if MAP makes contributions to its pension plans in excess of specified amounts, the amount of the partial redemption will be increased to ensure that Ashland will not bear the cost in excess of the specified amounts.

 

    Other Actions. Prior to the date of the closing of the transactions, Ashland and Marathon have agreed not to take any action that would, or that is reasonably expected to, result in that party’s representations and warranties in the transaction agreements becoming untrue or incorrect (other than failures to be true and correct that have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on their respective abilities to perform their obligations under the transaction agreements and ancillary agreements or on their respective abilities to close the transactions) or any conditions to the transactions not being satisfied.

 

    No Solicitation. Ashland has agreed not to and will not permit its subsidiaries to, will not authorize or permit any of its officers, directors, employees, investment bankers, attorneys, auditors or other advisors, agents or representatives to, and on becoming aware of the same, will use its reasonable best efforts to stop such subsidiary or representative from continuing to:

 

    solicit, initiate or encourage the submission of any competing proposal;

 

    enter into an agreement with respect to any competing proposal; or

 

    enter into, continue or otherwise participate in any discussions or negotiations regarding, or furnish any person any information with respect to, or cooperate with or take any other action knowingly to facilitate any inquiries or the making of any proposal that constitutes, or would reasonably be expected to lead to, any competing proposal.

 

Ashland may, however, before receiving Ashland shareholder approval of the transaction agreements and the transactions, in response to a bona fide written competing proposal that its board of directors determines, in good faith (after consultation with counsel and its financial advisors), constitutes or is reasonably likely to result in a superior proposal that was not solicited by Ashland, furnish to the person making such competing proposal information with respect to Ashland and MAP and participate in discussions or negotiations with such person regarding any competing proposal.

 

108


Table of Contents

A “competing proposal” means any proposal or offer (other than the transactions):

 

    for a merger, consolidation or other business combination involving Ashland that would reasonably be expected to prevent or materially delay the consummation of the transactions;

 

    to acquire in any manner, directly or indirectly, a majority of the equity securities or consolidated total assets of Ashland that would reasonably be expected to prevent or materially delay the consummation of the transactions; or

 

    to acquire any of Ashland’s 38% interest in MAP.

 

A “superior proposal” means any bona fide written competing proposal (other than a competing proposal to acquire Ashland’s 38% interest in MAP) which Ashland’s board of directors determines in good faith to be superior from a financial point of view to the holders of Ashland common stock than the transactions (after consultation with its financial advisors), taking into account all the terms and conditions of such competing proposal and the transaction agreements (including any proposal by Marathon to amend the terms of the transaction agreements) and that is reasonably capable of being completed, taking into account all legal, financial, regulatory, timing and other aspects of such competing proposal.

 

Ashland’s board of directors may not withdraw or modify in a manner adverse to Marathon, or propose publicly to withdraw or modify in a manner adverse to Marathon, the adoption, approval or recommendation by the board of the transaction agreements or the transactions, and may not adopt, approve or recommend, or propose publicly to adopt, approve or recommend, any competing proposal. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if, before Ashland receives shareholder approval of the transactions and the transaction agreements, Ashland’s board of directors determines in good faith (after consultation with counsel) that the failure to take any such action would be reasonably likely to result in a breach of its fiduciary duties, the board may withdraw its adoption, approval or recommendation of the transaction agreements and the transactions.

 

Ashland will promptly advise Marathon in writing of any competing proposal or any inquiry with respect to or that would reasonably be expected to lead to any competing proposal and the identity of the person making the competing proposal or inquiry, and certain material terms and conditions of the competing proposal or inquiry. Ashland will keep Marathon reasonably informed on a timely basis of the status and certain details of the competing proposal or inquiry. Ashland will not be required to comply with its obligations summarized in this paragraph after the Ashland shareholder approval of the transaction agreements and the transactions to the extent that Ashland’s board of directors determines in good faith (after consultation with counsel) that such compliance would be reasonably likely to result in a breach of its fiduciary obligations.

 

Nothing in the master agreement prohibits Ashland from taking and disclosing to its shareholders a position contemplated by Rule 14e-2(a) promulgated under the Exchange Act (other than a position recommending acceptance under Rule 14e-2(a)(1) of a tender offer constituting a competing proposal) if, in the good faith judgment of Ashland’s board of directors (after consultation with counsel), the failure to so disclose would be inconsistent with its obligations under applicable law.

 

   

Post-Closing Dividends, Distributions and Share Repurchases. Ashland and New Ashland have represented to Marathon that, as of March 18, 2004, the date of the signing of the original master agreement, Ashland had, and as of the date of the closing of the transactions New Ashland will have, no intention to declare