UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K/A
(Amendment No. 1)
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012
Commission file number 001-33606
VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
BERMUDA | 98-0501001 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
29 Richmond Road, Pembroke, Bermuda HM 08
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(441) 278-9000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class: | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered: | |
Common Shares, $0.175 par value per share | New York Stock Exchange | |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ý | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company o | |||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2012 was $2,077.0 million computed upon the basis of the closing sales price of the Common Shares on June 30, 2012. For the purposes of this computation, shares held by directors and officers of the registrant have been excluded. Such exclusion is not intended, nor shall it be deemed, to be an admission that such persons are affiliates of the registrant.
As of February 13, 2013, there were 107,468,544 outstanding Common Shares, $0.175 par value per share, of the registrant.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part III incorporates information from certain portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
This Amendment No. 1 on Form 10−K/A (this “Amendment”) amends the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10−K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, which the Registrant previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 15, 2013 (the “Original Filing”). The Registrant is filing this Amendment in order to correct the Certificate required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which inadvertently referred to the year ended December 31, 2011 instead of December 31, 2012. In addition, the dates of the Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm attached as Exhibit 23 and the Certificates required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 attached as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 have been updated to reflect the date of this Amendment. Except as set forth above, the Original Filing has not been amended, updated or otherwise modified.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | ||
This Annual Report on Form 10-K/A contains “Forward-Looking Statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. A non-exclusive list of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in such Forward-Looking Statements is set forth herein under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
PART I
All amounts presented in this part are in U.S. dollars except as otherwise noted.
Item 1. Business
Overview
Validus Holdings, Ltd. (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of Bermuda on October 19, 2005. Our initial investor, which we refer to as our founding investor, is Aquiline Capital Partners LLC, a private equity firm dedicated to investing in financial services companies. Other sponsoring investors included private equity funds managed by Goldman Sachs Capital Partners, Vestar Capital Partners, New Mountain Capital and Merrill Lynch Global Private Equity. The Company conducts its operations worldwide through three operating segments which have been determined under U.S. GAAP segment reporting, Validus Reinsurance, Ltd. (“Validus Re”), Talbot Holdings Ltd. (“Talbot”) and AlphaCat Managers, Ltd. ("AlphaCat"). The Company provides reinsurance, insurance and insurance linked securities management. Validus Re is a Bermuda based reinsurer focused on short tail lines of reinsurance. Talbot is the Bermuda parent of the specialty insurance group primarily operating within the Lloyd's insurance market through Syndicate 1183. AlphaCat is a Bermuda based investment adviser, managing third-party capital in insurance linked securities and other investments in the property catastrophe reinsurance space.
We seek to establish ourselves as a leader in the global insurance and reinsurance markets. Our principal operating objective is to use our capital efficiently by underwriting primarily short-tail insurance and reinsurance contracts with superior risk and return characteristics. Our primary underwriting objective is to construct a portfolio of short-tail insurance and reinsurance contracts which maximizes our return on equity subject to prudent risk constraints on the amount of capital we expose to any single event. We manage our risks through a variety of means, including contract terms, portfolio selection, diversification criteria, including geographic diversification criteria, and proprietary and commercially available third-party vendor catastrophe models.
Since our formation in 2005, we have been able to achieve substantial success in the development of our business. Selected examples of our accomplishments are as follows:
• | Raising approximately $1.0 billion of initial equity capital in December 2005 and underwriting $217.4 million in gross premiums written for the January 2006 renewal season; |
• | At the time of the Company’s formation an executive management team was assembled with an average of 20 years of industry experience and senior expertise spanning multiple aspects of the global insurance and reinsurance business; |
• | Building a risk analytics staff comprised of over 40 experts, many of whom have PhDs and Masters degrees in related fields; |
• | Developing Validus Capital Allocation and Pricing System (“VCAPS”), a proprietary computer-based system for modeling, pricing, allocating capital and analyzing catastrophe-exposed risks; |
• | Acquiring all of the outstanding shares of Talbot Holdings Ltd. on July 2, 2007; |
• | Completing an initial public offering (“IPO”) on July 30, 2007; |
• | Acquiring all of the outstanding shares of IPC Holdings Ltd. (“IPC”) on September 4, 2009; |
• | Raising $185.0 million of initial capital for AlphaCat Re 2011, Ltd. (“AlphaCat Re 2011”) on May 25, 2011 and a further $71.0 million of additional capital on December 23, 2011; |
• | Raising $500.0 million of capital for PaCRe, Ltd. ("PaCRe") a new Class 4 Bermuda reinsurer formed for the purpose of writing high excess property catastrophe reinsurance, on April 2, 2012; |
• | Raising $70.0 million of capital for AlphaCat Re 2012, Ltd. (“AlphaCat Re 2012”) on May 29, 2012; |
• | Acquiring all of the outstanding shares of Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings, S.A. ("Flagstone") on November 30, 2012; |
• | Raising $230.0 million of capital for Alpha Cat 2013, Ltd. ("AlphaCat 2013") on December 17, 2012 and receiving $219.4 million of third party subscriptions for AlphaCat Insurance Linked Securities ("ILS") Funds; |
• | Increasing the annual dividend by 20% from $1.00 to $1.20 per common share and per common share equivalent and announcing a $2.00 special dividend per common share and per common share equivalent on February 6, 2013; and |
• | Repurchasing approximately 43.7 million common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $1,227.1 million and paying and aggregate amount of $467.6 million in dividends from inception of the Company to February 13, 2013. |
Our Operating Subsidiaries
The following chart shows how our Company and its principal operating subsidiaries are organized.
For a complete list of the Company’s subsidiaries, see Exhibit 21.
(a) | AlphaCat Re 2012 and AlphaCat 2013 are non-consolidated operating affiliates. |
Operating Segments
Validus Re: Validus Re, the Company’s principal reinsurance operating subsidiary, operates as a Bermuda-based provider of short-tail reinsurance products on a global basis. Validus Re concentrates on first-party risks, which are property risks and other reinsurance lines commonly referred to as short-tail in nature due to the relatively brief period between the occurrence and payment of a claim.
Validus Re was registered as a Class 4 insurer under The Insurance Act 1978 of Bermuda, amendments thereto and related regulations (the “Insurance Act”) in November 2005. It commenced operations with approximately $1.0 billion of equity capital and a balance sheet unencumbered by any historical losses relating to the 2005 hurricane season, the events of September 11, 2001, asbestos or other legacy exposures affecting our industry.
Validus Re entered the global reinsurance market in 2006 during a period of imbalance between the supply of underwriting capacity available for reinsurance on catastrophe-exposed property, marine and energy risks and demand for such reinsurance coverage.
On September 4, 2009, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of IPC. The primary lines in which IPC conducted business were property catastrophe reinsurance and, to a limited extent, property-per-risk excess, aviation (including satellite) and
other short-tail reinsurance on a worldwide basis. For segmental reporting purposes, the results of IPC’s operations since the acquisition date have been included within the Validus Re segment in the consolidated financial statements.
On November 30, 2012, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Flagstone, strengthening the Company's leading property catastrophe reinsurance and short-tail specialty insurance platform. The primary lines in which Flagstone conducted business were property catastrophe reinsurance, property pro rata and per-risk excess and short tail specialty and casualty reinsurance such as aviation, energy, personal accident and health, satellite, marine and workers' compensation catastrophe. For segmental reporting purposes, the results of Flagstone’s operations since the acquisition date have been included within the Validus Re segment in the consolidated financial statements.
The following are the primary lines in which Validus Re conducts its business. Details of gross premiums written by line of business are provided below:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 771,617 | 68.2 | % | $ | 786,937 | 70.6 | % | $ | 778,794 | 71.5 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 257,469 | 22.7 | % | 232,401 | 20.9 | % | 227,135 | 20.8 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 102,873 | 9.1 | % | 95,155 | 8.5 | % | 83,514 | 7.7 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,131,959 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,114,493 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,089,443 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
Property: Validus Re underwrites property catastrophe reinsurance, property per risk reinsurance and property pro rata reinsurance.
Property catastrophe: Property catastrophe reinsurance provides reinsurance for insurance companies’ exposures to an accumulation of property and related losses from separate policies, typically relating to natural disasters or other catastrophic events. Property catastrophe reinsurance is generally written on an excess of loss basis, which provides coverage to primary insurance companies when aggregate claims and claim expenses from a single occurrence from a covered peril exceed a certain amount specified in a particular contract. Under these contracts, the Company provides protection to an insurer for a portion of the total losses in excess of a specified loss amount, up to a maximum amount per loss specified in the contract. In the event of a loss, most contracts provide for coverage of a second occurrence following the payment of a premium to reinstate the coverage under the contract, which is referred to as a reinstatement premium. The coverage provided under excess of loss reinsurance contracts may be on a worldwide basis or limited in scope to specific regions or geographical areas. Coverage can also vary from “all property” perils, which is the most expansive form of coverage, to more limited coverage of specified perils such as windstorm-only coverage. Property catastrophe reinsurance contracts are typically “all risk” in nature, providing protection against losses from earthquakes and hurricanes, as well as other natural and man-made catastrophes such as floods, tornadoes, fires and storms. The predominant exposures covered are losses stemming from property damage and business interruption coverage resulting from a covered peril. Certain risks, such as war or nuclear contamination may be excluded, partially or wholly, from certain contracts. Gross premiums written on property catastrophe business during the year ended December 31, 2012 were $598.0 million.
Property per risk: Property per risk reinsurance provides reinsurance for insurance companies’ excess retention on individual property and related risks, such as highly-valued buildings. Per risk excess of loss reinsurance protects insurance companies on their primary insurance risks on a “single risk” basis. A “risk” in this context might mean the insurance coverage on one building or a group of buildings or the insurance coverage under a single policy which the reinsured treats as a single risk. Coverage is usually triggered by a large loss sustained by an individual risk rather than by smaller losses which fall below the specified retention of the reinsurance contract. Such property per risk coverages are generally written on an excess of loss basis, which provides the reinsured protection beyond a specified amount up to the limit set within the reinsurance contract. Gross premiums written on property per risk business during the year ended December 31, 2012 were $59.3 million.
Property pro rata: Property pro rata contracts require that the reinsurer share the premiums as well as the losses and loss expenses in an agreed proportion with the cedant. Gross premiums written on property pro rata business during the year ended December 31, 2012 were $114.2 million.
Marine: Validus Re underwrites reinsurance on marine risks covering damage to or losses of marine vessels and cargo, third-party liability for marine accidents and physical loss and liability from principally offshore energy properties. Validus Re underwrites marine on an excess of loss basis and on a pro rata basis. Gross premiums written on marine business during the year ended December 31, 2012 were $257.5 million.
Specialty: Validus Re underwrites other lines of business depending on an evaluation of pricing and market conditions, which include aerospace and aviation, agriculture, financial lines of business, terrorism, life, accident & health, nuclear, workers’
compensation, crisis management, contingency, motor and technical lines. The Company seeks to underwrite other specialty lines with very limited exposure correlation with its property, marine and energy portfolios. With the exception of the aerospace line of business, which has a meaningful portion of its gross premiums written volume on a proportional basis, the Company’s other specialty lines are written on an excess of loss basis. Gross premiums written on specialty business during the year ended December 31, 2012 were $102.9 million.
AlphaCat: The AlphaCat segment manages strategic relationships that leverage the Company’s underwriting and investment expertise and earns management, performance and underwriting fees. AlphaCat Managers, Ltd. ("AlphaCat Managers"), formed in 2008, is a core element within the Validus Group strategic initiative to expand into capital market activities by participating in the market for Insurance Linked Securities ("ILS"). ILS are financial instruments whose fundamental value is determined by insurance losses caused by natural catastrophes such as major earthquakes and hurricanes. As the returns of ILS are primarily driven by natural catastrophes, when carefully structured, they are generally uncorrelated with the overall financial market, making ILS an attractive asset class for capital market investors.
AlphaCat helps investors take full advantage of this uncorrelated asset class through various funds and sidecars, accessing the market via AlphaCat Reinsurance Ltd., a Bermuda provider of fully collateralized property catastrophe reinsurance and retrocession capacity. AlphaCat invests in private reinsurance transactions, as well as catastrophe bonds, a common type of ILS issued by insurance and reinsurance companies. AlphaCat leverages the Validus Group’s extensive business sourcing, underwriting, research and analytic capabilities to construct ILS portfolios subject to prudent risk constraints.
During the first quarter of 2012, to better align the Company’s operating and reporting structure with its current strategy, there was a change in the Company's segment structure. This change included the AlphaCat group of companies as a separate operating segment. The AlphaCat segment was included as an additional segment and includes AlphaCat Re 2011, AlphaCat Re 2012, AlphaCat 2013, PaCRe and other affiliated investment funds. Prior period comparatives have been restated to reflect the change in segmentation.
Talbot: On July 2, 2007, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Talbot. Talbot is the Bermuda parent of a specialty insurance group primarily operating within the Lloyd’s insurance market through Syndicate 1183. The acquisition of Talbot provided the Company with significant benefits in terms of product line and geographic diversification as well as offering the Company broader access to underwriting expertise. Similar to Validus Re, Talbot writes primarily short-tail lines of business but, as a complement to Validus Re, focuses mostly on insurance, as opposed to reinsurance risks, and on specialty lines where Validus Re currently has limited or no presence (e.g., war, financial institutions, contingency, accident and health). In addition, Talbot provides the Company with access to the Lloyd’s marketplace where Validus Re does not operate. As a London-based insurer, Talbot also writes the majority of its premiums on risks outside the United States. Talbot’s team of underwriters have, in many cases, spent most of their careers writing niche, short-tail business and bring their expertise to bear on expanding the Company’s short-tail insurance franchise.
The Company has expanded and diversified its business through Syndicate 1183’s access to Lloyd’s license agreements with regulators around the world. Talbot Underwriting Risk Services Ltd., Talbot Underwriting Services, (U.S.) Ltd., Talbot Underwriting (MENA) Ltd., Validus Reaseguros, Inc., Validus Re Chile S.A. and Talbot Risk Services Pte, Ltd., act as approved Lloyd’s coverholders for Syndicate 1183.
The following are the primary lines in which Talbot conducts its business. Details of gross premiums written by line of business are provided below:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 324,910 | 30.2 | % | $ | 306,317 | 30.2 | % | $ | 314,769 | 32.1 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 396,207 | 36.7 | % | 341,821 | 33.7 | % | 315,102 | 32.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 357,519 | 33.1 | % | 365,984 | 36.1 | % | 351,202 | 35.8 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,078,636 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,014,122 | 100.0 | % | $ | 981,073 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
Property: The main sub-classes within property are international and North American direct and facultative contracts, onshore energy, lineslips and binding authorities together with a book of business written on a treaty reinsurance basis. The business written is mostly commercial and industrial insurance though there is a modest personal lines component. The business is short-tail with premiums for reinsurance and, direct and facultative business, substantially earned within 12 months and premiums for lineslips and binding authorities substantially earned within 12 months of the expiry of the contract. Gross premiums written on property business during the year ended December 31, 2012 were $324.9 million, including $86.3 million of treaty reinsurance.
Marine: The main types of business within marine are hull, cargo, energy, marine and energy liabilities, yachts and marinas and other treaty. Hull consists primarily of ocean going vessels and cargo and covers worldwide risks. Energy covers a variety of oil and gas industry risks. The marine and energy liability account provides cover for protection and indemnity clubs and a wide range of companies operating in the marine and energy sector. Each of the sub-classes within marine has a different profile of contracts written—some, such as energy, derive up to 36.1% of their business through writing facultative contracts while others, such as cargo, only derive 21.9% through this method. Each of the sub-classes also has a different geographical risk allocation. Most business written is short-tail enabling a quicker and more accurate picture of expected profitability than is the case for long-tail business. The marine and energy liability account, which makes up $60.3 million of the $396.2 million of gross premiums written during the year ended December 31, 2012, is the primary long-tail class in this line. The business written is mainly on a direct and facultative basis with a small element written on a reinsurance basis either as excess of loss reinsurance or proportional reinsurance.
Specialty: This class consists of war (comprising marine & aviation war, political risks and political violence, including war on land), financial institutions, contingency, bloodstock, accident and health, airlines and aviation treaty. With the exception of aviation treaty, most of the business written under the specialty accounts is written on a direct or facultative basis or under a binding authority through a coverholder. Gross premiums written on specialty business during the year ended December 31, 2012 were $357.5 million.
War: The marine & aviation war account covers physical damage to aircraft and marine vessels caused by acts of war and terrorism. The political risk account deals primarily with expropriation, contract frustration/trade credit, kidnap and ransom, and malicious and accidental product tamper. The political violence account mainly insures physical loss to property or goods anywhere in the world, caused by war, terrorism or civil unrest. This class is often written in conjunction with cargo, specie, property, energy, contingency and political risk. The period of the risks can extend up to 36 months and beyond. The attritional losses on the account are traditionally low but the account can be affected by large individual losses. Talbot is a market leader in the war and political violence classes. Gross premiums written on war business during the year ended December 31, 2012 were $184.7 million.
Financial Institutions: Talbot’s financial institutions team predominantly underwrites bankers blanket bond, professional indemnity and directors’ and officers’ coverage for various types of financial institutions and similar companies. Bankers blanket bond insurance products are specifically designed to protect against direct financial loss caused by fraud/criminal actions and mitigate the damage such activities may have on the asset base of the insured. Professional indemnity insurance protects businesses in the event that legal action is taken against them by third parties claiming professional negligence. Directors’ and officers’ insurance protects directors and officers against personal liability for losses incurred by a third party due to negligent performance by the director or officer. Gross premiums written on financial institutions business for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $35.8 million, comprising:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | |||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | |||||
Bankers blanket bond | $ | 20,933 | 58.5 | % | |||
Professional indemnity | 12,887 | 36.0 | % | ||||
Directors’ and Officers’ | 1,986 | 5.5 | % | ||||
Total | $ | 35,806 | 100.0 | % | |||
The risks covered in financial institutions are primarily fraud related and are principally written on an excess of loss basis. Talbot’s financial institutions account is concentrated on non-U.S. based clients, with 37.2% of gross premiums written in 2012 generated in Europe, 7.9% from the U.S. and 54.9% from other geographical regions. In addition, Talbot seeks to write regional accounts rather than global financial institutions with exposure in multiple jurisdictions and has only limited participation in exposures to publicly listed U.S. companies. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had gross reserves related to the financial institutions business of $157.9 million, comprised of $71.3 million, or 45.1% of incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) and $86.6 million, or 54.9% of case reserves. For comparison, as at December 31, 2011 the Company had gross reserves related to the financial institutions business of $176.7 million, comprising $69.5 million, or 39.4% of IBNR and $107.2 million, or 60.6% of case reserves. As of December 31, 2012, Talbot had minimal exposure to U.S. directors’ and officers’ risks.
Contingency: The main types of covers written under the contingency account are event cancellation and non-appearance business. Gross premiums written on contingency business during the year ended December 31, 2012 were $20.7 million.
Accident and Health: The accident and health account provides insurance in respect of individuals in both their personal and business activity together with corporations where they have an insurable interest relating to death or disability of employees
or those under contract. Gross premiums written on accident and health business during the year ended December 31, 2012 were $19.4 million.
Aviation: The aviation account insures major airlines, general aviation, aviation hull war and satellites. The coverage includes excess of loss treaties with medium to high attachment points. Gross premiums written on aviation business during the year ended December 31, 2012 were $95.7 million.
Enterprise Risk Management
The Company has implemented an Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) framework (the “Framework”) to identify, assess, quantify and manage risks and opportunities in order to protect our capital and maximize shareholder returns. This Framework is incorporated into the business activities of the Company and its strategic planning processes.
The Company’s Board of Directors has established a separate Risk Committee that is responsible for, among other things, approving the Company’s ERM Framework, working with management to ensure ongoing, effective implementation of the Framework and reviewing the Company’s specific risk limits as defined in the Framework, including limits for underwriting, investment, operational, business and other risks. The Company’s Chief Risk Officer prepares a quarterly presentation for the Risk Committee and communicates with the chairman of the Risk Committee on an informal basis periodically throughout the year.
The management committee of the Company that oversees risk management is the Group Risk Management Committee (“GRMC”). The GRMC is comprised of senior executives including among others; the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Risk Officer, Chief Actuary, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Risk Officer of Validus Re, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Risk Officer of Talbot and the Chief Executive Officer of Validus Research and AlphaCat.
To efficiently assess risks to the Company the GRMC has identified six key risk categories. Potential risks may span several or all of these key risk areas and as such risks are considered both within the context of these areas and the Company as a whole. The key risk areas are: Credit Risk, Market Risk, Liquidity Risk, Insurance Risk, Operational Risk and Group Risk.
Risk Appetite
The Group’s risk appetite sets a context within which all risks and opportunities are viewed. The risk appetite is proposed by management and approved by the Board of Directors, it represents the amount of risk the Company wants to take, within the constraints of capital resources, strategy, regulation and the rating agency environment.
Economic Capital Model
The Group uses economic capital modeling for capital adequacy assessment, risk-adjusted performance measurement and group-level and operating entity-level risk analysis.
Modeling
A pivotal factor in determining whether to found and fund the Company was the opportunity for differentiation based upon superior risk management expertise; specifically, managing catastrophe risk and optimizing our portfolio to generate attractive returns on capital while controlling our exposure to risk, and assembling a management team with the experience and expertise to do so. The Company’s proprietary models are current with emerging scientific trends. This has enabled the Company to gain a competitive advantage over those reinsurers who rely exclusively on commercial models for pricing and portfolio management. The Company has made a significant investment in expertise in the risk modeling area to capitalize on this opportunity. The Company has assembled an experienced group of professional experts who operate in an environment designed to allow them to use their expertise as a competitive advantage. While the Company uses both proprietary and commercial probabilistic models, catastrophe risk is ultimately subject to absolute aggregate limitations based on risk levels determined by the Risk Committee of the Board of Directors.
Vendor Models: The Company has global licenses for all three major commercial vendor models (RMS, AIR and EQECAT), to assess the adequacy of risk pricing and to monitor its overall exposure to risk in correlated geographic zones. Commencing in January 2012, the Company incorporated RMS version 11 into its vendor models. The Company models property exposures that could potentially lead to an over-aggregation of property risks (i.e., catastrophe-exposed business) using the vendor models. The vendor models enable the Company to aggregate exposures by correlated event loss scenarios, which are probability-weighted. This enables the generation of exceedance probability curves for the portfolio and major geographic areas. Once exposures are modeled using one of the vendor models, the other two models are used as a reasonability check and validation of the loss scenarios developed and reported by the first. The three commercial models each have unique strengths and weaknesses. For example, it is sometimes necessary to impose changes to frequency and severity ahead of changes made by the model vendors.
The Company’s review of market practice revealed a number of areas where quantitative expertise can be used to improve the reliability of the vendor model outputs:
• | Ceding companies may often report insufficient data and many reinsurers may not be sufficiently critical in their analysis of this data. The Company generally scrutinizes data for anomalies that may indicate insufficient data quality. These circumstances are addressed by either declining the program or, if the variances are manageable, by modifying the model output and pricing to reflect insufficient data quality; |
• | Prior to making overall adjustments for changes in climate variables, other variables are carefully examined (for example, demand surge, storm surge, and secondary uncertainty); and |
• | Pricing individual contracts frequently requires further adjustments to the three vendor models. Examples include bias in damage curves for commercial structures and occupancies and frequency of specific perils. |
In addition, many risks, such as second-event covers, aggregate excess of loss, or attritional loss components cannot be fully evaluated using the vendor models. In order to better evaluate and price these risks, the Company has developed proprietary analytical tools, such as VCAPS and other models and data sets.
Proprietary Models: In addition to making frequency and severity adjustments to the vendor model outputs, the Company has implemented a proprietary pricing and risk management tool, VCAPS, to assist in pricing submissions and monitoring risk aggregation.
To supplement the analysis performed using vendor models, VCAPS uses the gross loss output of catastrophe models to generate a 100,000-year simulation set, which is used for both pricing and risk management. This approach allows more precise measurement and pricing of exposures. The two primary benefits of this approach are:
• | VCAPS takes into account annual limits, event/franchise/annual aggregate deductibles, and reinstatement premiums. This allows for more accurate evaluation of treaties with a broad range of features, including both common (reinstatement premium and annual limits) and complex features (second or third event coverage, aggregate excess of loss, attritional loss components, covers with varying attachment across different geographical zones or lines of businesses and covers with complicated structures); and |
• | VCAPS use of 100,000-year simulations enables robust pricing of catastrophe-exposed business. This is possible in real-time operation because the Company has designed a computing hardware platform and software environment to accommodate the significant computing needs. |
In addition to VCAPS, the Company uses other proprietary models and other data in evaluating exposures. The Company cannot assure that the models and assumptions used by the software will accurately predict losses. Further, the Company cannot assure that the software is free of defects in the modeling logic or in the software code. In addition, the Company has not sought copyright or other legal protection for VCAPS.
Underwriting Risk Management
We underwrite and manage risk by paying close attention to risk selection and analysis. Through a detailed examination of contract terms, diversification criteria, contract experience and exposure, we aim to outperform our peers. We strive to provide our experienced underwriters with technically sound and objective information. We believe a strong working relationship between the underwriting, catastrophe modeling and actuarial disciplines is critical to long-term success and solid decision-making.
All of the Company’s underwriters are subject to a set of underwriting guidelines. At Validus Re, these guidelines are established by the Chief Executive Officer and approved by the Validus Re’s Board of Directors. At Talbot, the guidelines are established by executive management at Talbot and approved by their Board of Directors. These guidelines are then subject to review and approval by the Risk Committee of our Board of Directors. Underwriters are also issued letters of authority that specifically address the limits of their underwriting authority and their referral criteria. The Company’s current underwriting guidelines and letters of authority include:
• | lines of business that a particular underwriter is authorized to write; |
• | exposure limits by line of business; |
• | contractual exposures and limits requiring mandatory referrals to the Chief Executive Officer at Validus Re and the Chief Executive Officer at Talbot; and |
• | level of analysis to be performed by lines of business. |
In general, our underwriting approach is to:
• | seek high quality clients who have demonstrated superior performance over an extended period; |
• | evaluate our clients’ exposures and make adjustments where their exposure is not adequately reflected; |
• | apply the comprehensive knowledge and experience of our entire underwriting team to make progressive and cohesive decisions about the business they underwrite; |
• | employ our well-founded and carefully maintained market contacts within the group to enhance our robust distribution capabilities; and |
• | refer submissions to the Chief Underwriting Officer at Validus Re, the Chief Executive Officer at Talbot, Chief Executive Officer at Validus Re and the Risk Committee of our Board of Directors according to our underwriting guidelines. |
The underwriting guidelines are subject to waiver or change by the Chief Executive Officer at Validus Re or the Chief Executive Officer at Talbot subject to their authority as overseen by their respective Risk Committees.
Our underwriters have the responsibility to analyze all submissions and determine if the related potential exposures meet with both the Company’s risk profile line size and aggregate limitations, in line with the business plan. In order to ensure compliance, we run appropriate management information reports and all lines are subject to fully approved regulatory audits. Further, our treaty reinsurance operation has the authority limits of individual underwriters built into VCAPS while Talbot maintains separate compliance procedures to ensure that the appropriate policies and guidelines are followed.
Validus Re: Validus Re has established a referral process whereby business exceeding set exposure or premium limits is referred to the Chief Executive Officer for review. As the reviewer of such potential business, the Chief Executive Officer has the ability to determine if the business meets the Company’s overall desired risk profile. The Chief Executive Officer has defined underwriting authority for each underwriter, and risks outside of this authority must be referred to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.
The Risk Committee of our Board of Directors reviews business that is outside the authority of the Chief Executive Officer.
AlphaCat: All of the investment companies managed by AlphaCat are subject to investment or underwriting guidelines. These guidelines are established in the offering documentation of the respective investment company. The AlphaCat management team manages investment portfolios in accordance with the guidelines, which are subject to oversight by the respective investment company's Board of Directors. AlphaCat leverages the Company's underwriting and analytical resources. However, all investment decisions are ultimately made by the AlphaCat management team. When services are provided to AlphaCat by the Company's underwriting teams, the applicable underwriting risk management framework outlined in this section applies.
Talbot: Talbot's risk review and control processes have been designed to ensure that all written risks comply with underwriting and risk control strategies. The workflow system is designed to automate the referral of risks to the relevant reviewer who has an appropriate level of authority to review the risk. These reviews are documented, monitored and reports are prepared on a regular basis.
Collectively, the various peer review procedures serve numerous objectives, including:
• | Validating that underwriting decisions are in accordance with risk appetite, authorities, agreed business plans and standards for type, quality and profitability of risk; |
• | Providing an experienced and suitably qualified second review of individual risks; |
• | Ensuring that risks identified as significant undergo the highest level of technical underwriting review; |
• | Elevating technical underwriting queries and/or need for remedial actions on a timely basis; and |
• | Improving data accuracy and coding for subsequent management reporting. |
The principal elements of the underwriting review process are as follows:
Underwriter review: The underwriting team must evidence data entry review by confirming review and agreement on the workflow system within a specified number of working days of entry being completed by the contracted third party.
Risk - based peer review: The majority of risks are peer reviewed by another underwriter within a specified number of working days of data entry being completed. There is an agreed matrix of underwriters authorized to peer review.
Class of business review: Risks written into a class by an underwriter other than the nominated class underwriter are subsequently forwarded to, and reviewed by, the nominated class underwriter.
Exceptions review: Risks that exceed a set of pre-determined criteria will also be referred to the Active Underwriter or the Director of Underwriting and Operations for review. Such risks are discussed by the underwriters at regular underwriting meetings in the presence of at least one of the above. In certain circumstances, some risks may be referred to the Insurance Management Committee or the Talbot Underwriting Ltd. (“TUL”) Board for final approval. These reviews also commonly include reports of risks renewed where there has been a large loss ratio in the recent past.
Insurance Management Committee: At its regular meetings, the Committee reviews a range of key performance indicators including: premium income written versus budget; movements in syndicate cash and investments; aggregate exposures; together with other highlighted exception reports. The Committee also reviews claim movements over a financial threshold.
Expert Review Committee (“ERC”): The ERC is a committee that meets regularly to review the underwriting activities of Syndicate 1183 and other related activities to provide assurance that the underwriting risks assumed are within the parameters of the business plan. This is achieved with the help of eight external expert reviewers who report their findings to the ERC.
The expert reviewers obtain and review a sample of risks underwritten in each class and report their findings to the quarterly meetings of the ERC. Findings range from general comments on approach and processes to specific points in respect of individual risks.
Within Talbot, the TUL Board is responsible for creating the environment and structures for risk management to operate effectively. The Talbot Chief Executive is responsible for ensuring the risk management process is implemented.
The TUL Board has several committees responsible for monitoring risk. The TUL Board approves the risk appetite as part of the syndicate business plan process which sets targets for premium volume, pricing, line sizes, aggregate exposures and retention by class of business.
The TUL Executive Committee is responsible for establishing and maintaining a comprehensive risk register and key controls for TUL. It is responsible for articulating Talbot's risk appetite for approval by the TUL Board.
The key focuses of each committee are as follows:
• | The TUL Executive Committee oversees the management of key risks with regard to strategy and reserves; |
• | The Insurance Management Committee oversees the management of insurance risks; |
• | The Operational Risk Committee oversees the management of risks related to people, processes, systems and external events; and |
• | The Financial Risk Committee oversees the management of credit risks associated with reinsurers, brokers, coverholders and investments, market risk and liquidity risk. |
Performance against underwriting targets is measured regularly throughout the year. Risks written are subject to peer review, an internal quality control process. Pricing is controlled by the monitoring of rate movements and the comparison of technical prices to actual prices. Controls over aggregation of claims exposures vary by class of business. They include limiting coastal risks, monitoring aggregation by county/region/blast zones and applying line size limits in all cases. Catastrophe modeling software and techniques are used to model expected loss outcomes for Lloyd’s Realistic Disaster Scenario returns and in-house catastrophe event scenarios. Reserves are reviewed for adequacy on a quarterly basis. The syndicate also purchases reinsurance, with an appropriate number of reinstatements, to arrive at an acceptable net retained risk.
Program Limits
Overall exposure to risk is controlled by limiting the amount of insurance or reinsurance underwritten in a particular program or contract. This helps to diversify risk within and across risk zones. The Risk Committee sets these limits, which may be exceeded only with its approval.
Geographic Diversification
The Company actively manages its aggregate exposures by geographic or risk zone (“zones”) to maintain a balanced and diverse portfolio of underlying risks. The coverage the Company is willing to provide for any risk located in a particular zone is limited to a predetermined level, thus limiting the net aggregate loss exposure from all contracts covering risks believed to be located in any zone. Contracts that have “worldwide” territorial limits have exposures in several geographic zones. Generally, if a proposed reinsurance program would cause the limit to be exceeded, the program would be declined, regardless of its desirability,
unless the Company buys retrocessional coverage, thereby reducing the net aggregate exposure to the maximum limit permitted or less. The following table summarizes our gross premiums written by geographic zone:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Premiums Written | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Validus Re | AlphaCat | Talbot | Corporate and Eliminations | Total | % | |||||||||||||||||
United States | $ | 468,730 | $ | 18,774 | $ | 120,086 | $ | (7,285 | ) | $ | 600,305 | 27.7 | % | |||||||||
Worldwide excluding United States (a) | 40,168 | — | 263,597 | (16,049 | ) | 287,716 | 13.3 | % | ||||||||||||||
Europe | 90,673 | 1,333 | 50,262 | (2,868 | ) | 139,400 | 6.4 | % | ||||||||||||||
Latin America and Caribbean | 33,031 | — | 103,543 | (6,164 | ) | 130,410 | 6.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
Japan | 30,781 | — | 6,630 | (396 | ) | 37,015 | 1.7 | % | ||||||||||||||
Canada | 688 | — | 12,243 | (690 | ) | 12,241 | 0.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
Rest of the world (b) | 68,754 | 496 | — | — | 69,250 | 3.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
Sub-total, non United States | 264,095 | 1,829 | 436,275 | (26,167 | ) | 676,032 | 31.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
Worldwide including United States | 101,594 | 1,000 | 65,084 | (3,552 | ) | 164,126 | 7.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
Marine and Aerospace (c) | 297,540 | — | 457,191 | (28,754 | ) | 725,977 | 33.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,131,959 | $ | 21,603 | $ | 1,078,636 | $ | (65,758 | ) | $ | 2,166,440 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
(a) | Represents risks in two or more geographic zones. |
(b) | Represents risk in one geographic zone. |
(c) | Not classified by geographic area as marine and aerospace risks can span multiple geographic areas and are not fixed locations in some instances. |
The effectiveness of geographic zone limits in managing risk exposure depends on the degree to which an actual event is confined to the zone in question and on the Company’s ability to determine the actual location of the risks believed to be covered under a particular insurance or reinsurance program. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that risk exposure in any particular zone will not exceed that zone’s limits. Further control over diversification is achieved through guidelines covering the types and amount of business written in product classes and lines within a class.
Reinsurance Management
Validus Re Retrocession: Validus Re monitors the opportunity to purchase retrocessional coverage on a continual basis and employs the VCAPS modeling system to evaluate the effectiveness of risk mitigation and exposure management relative to the cost. This coverage may be purchased on an indemnity basis as well as on an index basis (e.g., industry loss warranties (“ILWs”)). Validus Re also considers alternative retrocessional structures, including collateralized quota share (“sidecar”) and other capital markets products.
When Validus Re buys retrocessional coverage on an indemnity basis, payment is for an agreed upon portion of the losses actually suffered. In contrast, when Validus Re buys an ILW cover, which is a reinsurance contract in which the payout is dependent on both the insured loss of the policy purchaser and the measure of the industry-wide loss, payment is made only if both Validus Re and the industry suffer a loss, as reported by one of a number of independent agencies, in excess of specified threshold amounts. With an ILW, Validus Re bears the risk of suffering a loss while receiving no payment under the ILW if the industry loss was less than the specified threshold amount.
Validus Re may use capital markets instruments for risk management in the future (e.g., catastrophe bonds, sidecar facilities and other forms of risk securitization) where the pricing and terms are attractive.
AlphaCat: AlphaCat currently does not cede any premiums to third parties.
Talbot Ceded Reinsurance: Talbot enters into reinsurance agreements in order to mitigate its accumulation of loss, reduce its liability on individual risks and enable it to underwrite policies with higher limits. The ceding of the insurance does not legally discharge Talbot from its primary liability for the full amount of the policies, and Talbot is required to pay the loss and bear collection risk if the reinsurer fails to meet its obligations under the reinsurance agreement.
The following describes the Talbot Group’s process in the purchase and authorization of treaty reinsurance policies only. It does not cover the purchase of facultative reinsurance because these premiums are not significant.
The reinsurance program is reviewed by the reinsurance purchasing team on an on-going basis in line with the main business planning process. This process incorporates advice and analytical work from our brokers, actuarial and capital modeling teams.
The review and modification is based upon the following:
• | budgeted underwriting for the coming year; |
• | loss experience from prior years; |
• | loss information from the coming year’s individual capital assessment calculations; |
• | changes to risk limits and aggregation limits expected and any other changes to Talbot’s risk tolerance; |
• | scenario planning; |
• | changes to capital requirements; and |
• | Realistic Disaster Scenarios (“RDSs”) prescribed by Lloyd’s. |
The main type of reinsurance purchased is losses occurring; however, for a few lines of business, where the timing of the loss event is less easily verified or where such cover is available, risk attaching policies are purchased.
The type, quantity and cost of cover of the proposed reinsurance program is discussed and reviewed by the Chief Executive Officer of the Talbot group, and ultimately authorized by the TUL Board.
Once this has occurred, the reinsurance program is purchased in the months prior to the beginning of the covered period. All reinsurance contracts arranged are authorized for purchase by the Director of Underwriting and Operations. Slips are developed prior to inception to ensure that optimum cover is achieved. After purchase, cover notes are reviewed by the relevant class underwriters and presentations made to all underwriting staff to ensure they are aware of the boundaries of the cover.
Distribution
Although we conduct some business on a direct basis with our treaty and facultative reinsurance clients, most of our business is derived through insurance and reinsurance intermediaries (“brokers”), who access business from clients and coverholders. We are able to attract business through our recognized lead capability in most classes we underwrite, particularly in classes where such lead ability is rare.
Currently, our largest broker relationships, as measured by gross premiums written, are with Marsh & McLennan, Aon Benfield Group Ltd. and Willis Group Holdings Ltd. The following table sets forth the Company’s gross premiums written by broker:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Premiums Written | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Validus Re | AlphaCat | Talbot | Corporate and Eliminations | Total | % | |||||||||||||||||
Name of Broker | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Marsh & McLennan | $ | 399,325 | $ | 7,426 | $ | 244,776 | $ | (14,809 | ) | $ | 636,718 | 29.4 | % | ||||||||||
Aon Benfield Group Ltd. | 400,018 | 6,133 | 180,234 | (10,904 | ) | 575,481 | 26.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
Willis Group Holdings Ltd. | 187,353 | 3,418 | 167,249 | (10,119 | ) | 347,901 | 16.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
Sub-total | 986,696 | 16,977 | 592,259 | (35,832 | ) | 1,560,100 | 72.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
All Others/Direct | 145,263 | 4,626 | 486,377 | (29,926 | ) | 606,340 | 28.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,131,959 | $ | 21,603 | $ | 1,078,636 | $ | (65,758 | ) | $ | 2,166,440 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||
Reserve for losses and loss expenses
For insurance and reinsurance companies, a significant judgment made by management is the estimation of the reserve for losses and loss expenses. The Company establishes its reserve for losses and loss expenses to cover the estimated incurred liability for both reported and unreported claims.
The following tables show certain information with respect to the Company’s gross and net reserves:
As at December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Case Reserves | Gross IBNR | Total Gross Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses | |||||||||
Property | $ | 930,553 | $ | 892,227 | $ | 1,822,780 | ||||||
Marine | 522,907 | 477,948 | 1,000,855 | |||||||||
Specialty | 265,638 | 428,300 | 693,938 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 1,719,098 | $ | 1,798,475 | $ | 3,517,573 | ||||||
As at December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Case Reserves | Net IBNR | Total Net Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses | |||||||||
Property | $ | 768,722 | $ | 803,182 | $ | 1,571,904 | ||||||
Marine | 465,080 | 438,009 | 903,089 | |||||||||
Specialty | 230,584 | 372,029 | 602,613 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 1,464,386 | $ | 1,613,220 | $ | 3,077,606 | ||||||
Loss reserves are established due to the significant periods of time that may lapse between the occurrence, reporting and payment of a loss. To recognize liabilities for unpaid losses and loss expenses, the Company estimates future amounts needed to pay claims and related expenses with respect to insured events. The Company’s reserving practices and the establishment of any particular reserve reflects management’s judgment concerning sound financial practice and does not represent any admission of liability with respect to any claim. Unpaid losses and loss expense reserves are established for reported claims (“case reserves”) and IBNR claims.
The nature of the Company’s high excess of loss liability and catastrophe business can result in loss payments that are both irregular and significant. Such loss payments are part of the normal course of business for the Company. Adjustments to reserves for individual years can also be irregular and significant. Conditions and trends that have affected development of liabilities in the past may not necessarily occur in the future. Accordingly, it is inappropriate to extrapolate future redundancies or deficiencies based upon historical experience. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
The tables below present the development of the Company’s unpaid losses and loss expense reserves on both a net and gross basis. The cumulative redundancy (deficiency) calculated on a net basis differs from that calculated on a gross basis. As different reinsurance programs cover different underwriting years, net and gross loss experience will not develop proportionately. The top line of the tables shows the estimated liability, net and gross of reinsurance recoveries, as at the year end balance sheet date for each of the indicated years. This represents the estimated amounts of losses and loss expenses, including IBNR, arising in the current and all prior years that are unpaid at the year end balance sheet date of the indicated year. The tables also show the re-estimated amount of the previously recorded reserve liability based on experience as of the year end balance sheet date of each succeeding year. The estimate changes as more information becomes known about the frequency and severity of claims for individual years. The cumulative redundancy (deficiency) represents the aggregate change with respect to that liability originally estimated. The lower portion of each table also reflects the cumulative paid losses relating to these reserves. Conditions and trends that have affected development of liabilities in the past may not necessarily occur in the future. Accordingly, it is not appropriate to extrapolate redundancies or deficiencies into the future, based on the tables below. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Analysis of Losses and Loss Expense Reserve Development Net of Recoveries
Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 (b) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated liability for unpaid losses and loss expense, net of reinsurance recoverable | $ | 77,363 | $ | 791,713 | $ | 1,096,507 | $ | 1,440,369 | $ | 1,752,839 | $ | 2,258,658 | $ | 3,077,606 | ||||||||||||||
Liability—estimated as of: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
One year later | 60,106 | 722,010 | 1,018,930 | 1,283,759 | 1,596,720 | 2,083,378 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Two years later | 54,302 | 670,069 | 937,696 | 1,181,987 | 1,451,448 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Three years later | 50,149 | 606,387 | 902,161 | 1,085,664 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Four years later | 46,851 | 584,588 | 847,935 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Five years later | 45,946 | 547,965 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Six years later | 45,199 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative redundancy (deficiency)(a) | 32,164 | 243,748 | 248,572 | 354,705 | 301,391 | 175,280 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative paid losses, net of reinsurance recoveries, as of: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
One year later | $ | 27,180 | $ | 216,469 | $ | 353,476 | $ | 384,828 | $ | 476,779 | $ | 631,889 | ||||||||||||||||
Two years later | 34,935 | 320,803 | 562,831 | 634,041 | 741,940 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Three years later | 39,520 | 350,521 | 662,319 | 744,324 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Four years later | 41,746 | 374,788 | 722,652 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Five years later | 41,901 | 390,895 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Six years later | 43,571 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) | See Part II Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for further discussion. |
(b) | The reserves for losses and loss expenses or Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Analysis of Losses and Loss Expense Reserve Development Gross of Recoveries
Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 (b) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated gross liability for unpaid losses and loss expense | $ | 77,363 | $ | 926,117 | $ | 1,305,303 | $ | 1,622,134 | $ | 2,035,973 | $ | 2,631,143 | $ | 3,517,573 | ||||||||||||||
Liability—estimated as of: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
One year later | 60,106 | 846,863 | 1,223,018 | 1,484,646 | 1,854,565 | 2,422,343 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Two years later | 54,302 | 791,438 | 1,164,923 | 1,385,533 | 1,705,995 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Three years later | 50,149 | 745,624 | 1,134,043 | 1,288,915 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Four years later | 46,851 | 721,730 | 1,079,842 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Five years later | 45,946 | 675,884 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Six years later | 46,104 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative redundancy (deficiency)(a) | 31,259 | 250,233 | 225,461 | 333,219 | 329,978 | 208,800 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative paid losses, gross of reinsurance recoveries, as of: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
One year later | $ | 27,180 | $ | 245,240 | $ | 437,210 | $ | 455,182 | $ | 557,894 | $ | 807,296 | ||||||||||||||||
Two years later | 34,935 | 394,685 | 706,249 | 709,309 | 878,406 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Three years later | 39,520 | 452,559 | 825,159 | 864,918 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Four years later | 41,746 | 480,277 | 898,338 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Five years later | 41,901 | 496,511 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Six years later | 43,571 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) | See Part II Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for further discussion. |
(b) | The reserves for losses and loss expenses or Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
The following table presents an analysis of the Company’s paid, unpaid and incurred losses and loss expenses and a reconciliation of beginning and ending unpaid losses and loss expenses for the years indicated:
Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
Reserve for losses and loss expenses, beginning of year | $ | 2,631,143 | $ | 2,035,973 | $ | 1,622,134 | ||||||
Losses and loss expenses recoverable | (372,485 | ) | (283,134 | ) | (181,765 | ) | ||||||
Net reserves for losses and loss expenses, beginning of year | 2,258,658 | 1,752,839 | 1,440,369 | |||||||||
Net loss reserves acquired in Flagstone acquisition | 639,641 | — | — | |||||||||
Increase (decrease) in net losses and loss expenses incurred in respect of losses occurring in: | ||||||||||||
Current year | 1,174,415 | 1,400,520 | 1,144,196 | |||||||||
Prior years | (174,969 | ) | (156,119 | ) | (156,610 | ) | ||||||
Total incurred losses and loss expenses | 999,446 | 1,244,401 | 987,586 | |||||||||
Less net losses and loss expenses paid in respect of losses occurring in: | ||||||||||||
Current year | (182,146 | ) | (266,247 | ) | (288,594 | ) | ||||||
Prior years | (653,874 | ) | (476,779 | ) | (384,828 | ) | ||||||
Total net paid losses | (836,020 | ) | (743,026 | ) | (673,422 | ) | ||||||
Foreign exchange | 15,881 | 4,444 | (1,694 | ) | ||||||||
Net reserve for losses and loss expenses, end of year | 3,077,606 | 2,258,658 | 1,752,839 | |||||||||
Losses and loss expenses recoverable | 439,967 | 372,485 | 283,134 | |||||||||
Reserve for losses and loss expenses, end of year | $ | 3,517,573 | $ | 2,631,143 | $ | 2,035,973 | ||||||
Validus Re and AlphaCat: Validus Re and AlphaCat’s loss reserves are established based upon an estimate of the total cost of claims that have been incurred, including estimates of unpaid liability on known individual claims, the costs of additional case reserves on claims reported but not considered to be adequately reserved in such reporting (“ACRs”) and amounts that have been incurred but not yet reported. ACRs are used in certain cases and may be calculated based on management’s estimate of the required case reserve on an individual claim less the case reserves reported by the client. The Validus Re Loss Reserve Committee follows material catastrophe event ultimate loss reserve estimation procedures for the investigation, analysis, estimation and approval of ultimate loss reserving resulting from any material catastrophe event. U.S. GAAP does not permit the establishment of loss reserves until an event occurs that gives rise to a loss.
For reported losses, Validus Re and AlphaCat establish case reserves within the parameters of the coverage provided in the impacted reinsurance contracts. Where there is a reported claim for which the reported case reserve is determined to be insufficient, Validus Re and AlphaCat may book an ACR or individual claim IBNR estimate that is adjusted as claims notifications are received. Information may be obtained from various sources including brokers, proprietary and third party vendor models and internal data regarding reinsured exposures related to the geographic location of the event, as well as other sources. Validus Re and AlphaCat use generally accepted actuarial techniques in its IBNR estimation process. Validus Re and AlphaCat also use historical insurance industry loss emergence patterns, as well as estimates of future trends in claims severity, frequency and other factors, to aid it in establishing loss reserves.
Loss reserves represent estimates, including actuarial and statistical projections at a given point in time, of the expectations of the ultimate settlement and administration costs of claims incurred. Such estimates are not precise in that, among other things, they are based on predictions of future developments and estimates of future trends in loss severity and frequency and other variable factors such as inflation, litigation and tort reform. This uncertainty is heightened by the short time in which Validus Re has operated, thereby providing limited claims loss emergence patterns that directly pertain to Validus Re’s operations. This has necessitated the use of industry loss emergence patterns in deriving IBNR, which despite management’s and our actuaries’ care in selecting them, will differ from actual experience. Further, expected losses and loss ratios are typically developed using vendor and proprietary computer models and these expected losses and loss ratios are a significant component in the calculation deriving IBNR. Finally, the uncertainty surrounding estimated costs is greater in cases where large, unique events have been reported and the associated claims are in early stages of resolution. As a result of these uncertainties, it is likely that the ultimate liability will differ from such estimates, perhaps materially.
For disclosure purposes, only those loss events which aggregate to over $15.0 million on a consolidated basis ("notable losses") are disclosed separately and included in the reserve for notable loss events and reserve for development on events tables. Notable loss events are first determined at the respective operating segments based on segment thresholds and are then aggregated and disclosed if it is determined that they reach the consolidated threshold for notable loss disclosure.
During 2010 and 2011, given the complexity and severity of notable loss events in the year, an explicit reserve for potential development on 2010 and 2011 notable loss events ("RDE") was included within the Company’s IBNR reserving process. As uncertainties surrounding initial estimates on notable loss events have developed, this reserve has been and will continue to be allocated to specific notable loss events. No RDE was established for 2012 notable losses.
The requirement for a reserve for potential development on notable loss events in a quarter is a function of (a) the number of significant events occurring in that quarter and (b) the complexity and volatility of those events. Complexity and volatility factors considered are as follows:
• Contract complexity;
• Nature and number of perils arising from an event;
• Limits and sub limits exposed;
• Quality, timing and flow of information received from each loss;
• Timing of receipt of information to the Company;
• Information regarding retrocessional covers;
• Assumptions, both explicit and implicit, regarding future paid and reported loss development patterns;
• Frequency and severity trends;
• Claims settlement practices; and
• Potential changes in the legal environment.
Each of these factors may lead to associated volatility for each notable loss event as well as consideration of the total reserve for loss events in the aggregate. Consequently, all of these factors are considered in the aggregate for the events occurring in the quarter, recognizing that it is more likely that one or some of the events may deteriorate significantly, rather than all deteriorating proportionately. The establishment of each quarter’s requirement for a reserve for potential development on notable loss events takes place as part of the quarterly evaluation of the Company’s overall reserve requirements. It is not directly linked in isolation to any one significant/notable loss in the quarter. The reserve for potential development on notable loss events is evaluated by our in-house actuaries as part of their normal process in setting of indicated reserves for the quarter. In ensuing quarters senior management and the in-house actuaries revisit and re-estimate certain events previously considered in the catastrophe loss event process as well as events that have subsequently emerged in the current quarter. To the extent that there has been adverse development on a notable loss event, if there is RDE remaining from that accident year, an allocation from the respective accident year RDE will be made to the notable loss event. If there is no remaining RDE relating to the accident year of the loss, then adverse development will be recorded for the notable loss event through the Statements of Comprehensive Income.
Changes to the reserve for potential development on notable loss events will be considered in light of changes to previous loss estimates from notable losses in this re-estimation process.To the extent that there are continued complexity and volatility factors relating to notable loss events in the aggregate, additions to the RDE may be established for a specific accident year, as illustrated in the RDE roll forward table which can be found in Item. 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Loss reserves are reviewed regularly and adjustments to reserves, if any, will be recorded in earnings in the period in which they are determined. Even after such adjustments, the ultimate liability may exceed or be less than the revised estimates.
Talbot: Talbot’s loss reserves are established based upon an estimate of the total cost of claims that have been incurred, including case reserves and IBNR. Talbot uses generally accepted actuarial techniques in its IBNR estimation process. ACRs are not generally used.
Talbot performs internal assessments of liabilities on a quarterly basis. Talbot’s loss reserving process involves the assessment of actuarial estimates of gross ultimate losses on both an ultimate basis (i.e., ignoring the period during which premium earns) and an earned basis, split by underwriting year and class of business, and generally also between attritional, large and catastrophe losses. These estimates are made using a variety of generally accepted actuarial projection methodologies, as well as additional qualitative consideration of future trends in frequency, severity and other factors. The gross estimates are used to estimate ceded reinsurance recoveries, which are in turn used to calculate net ultimate losses as the difference between gross and ceded. These figures are subsequently used by Talbot’s management to help it assess its best estimate of gross and net ultimate losses.
As with Validus Re and AlphaCat, Talbot’s loss reserves represent estimates, including actuarial and statistical projections at a given point in time, of the expectations of the ultimate settlement and administration costs of claims incurred. Such estimates are not precise in that, among other things, they are based on predictions of future developments and estimates of future trends in loss severity and frequency and other variable factors such as inflation, litigation and tort reform. The uncertainty surrounding estimated costs is also greater in cases where large, unique events have been reported and the associated claims are in the early stages of resolution. As a result of these uncertainties, it is likely that the ultimate liability will differ from such estimates, perhaps materially.
Talbot’s loss reserves are reviewed regularly and adjustments to reserves, if any, will be recorded in earnings in the period in which they are determined. Even after such adjustments, the ultimate liability may exceed or be less than the revised estimates. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Investment Management
The Company manages its investment portfolio on a consolidated basis. As we provide short-tail insurance and reinsurance coverage, we could become liable to pay substantial claims on short notice. Accordingly, we follow a conservative investment strategy designed to emphasize the preservation of invested assets and provide sufficient liquidity for the prompt payment of claims. Our Board of Directors, led by our Finance Committee, oversees our investment strategy, and in consultation with BlackRock Financial Management, Inc., Conning, Inc. and Pinebridge Investments Europe Ltd., our portfolio advisors, has established investment guidelines for us. The investment guidelines dictate the portfolio’s overall objective, benchmark portfolio, eligible securities, duration, use of derivatives, inclusion of foreign securities, diversification requirements and average portfolio rating. Management and the Finance Committee periodically review these guidelines in light of our investment goals and consequently they may change at any time.
Substantially all of the fixed maturity investments held at December 31, 2012 were publicly traded. At December 31, 2012, the average duration of the Company’s fixed maturity portfolio was 1.34 years (December 31, 2011: 1.63 years). Management emphasizes capital preservation for the portfolio and maintains a significant allocation of short-term investments. At December 31, 2012, the average rating of the portfolio was AA- (December 31, 2011: AA-). At December 31, 2012, the total fixed maturity portfolio was $5,085.3 million (December 31, 2011: $4,894.1 million), of which $1,062.8 million (December 31, 2011: $882.9 million) were rated AAA.
Please refer to our Current Report on Form 8-K furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on January 31, 2013 for additional disclosure with respect to the composition of our investment portfolio.
Claims Management
Claims management includes the receipt of initial loss notifications, generation of appropriate responses to claim reports, identification and handling of coverage issues, determination of whether further investigation is required and, where appropriate retention of legal representation, establishment of case reserves, approval of loss payments and notification to reinsurers.
Validus Re and AlphaCat: The role of our claims department is to investigate, evaluate and, if validated, pay claims efficiently. Our claims director has implemented claims handling guidelines, and reporting and control procedures. The primary objectives of the claims department are to ensure that each claim is evaluated, processed and appropriately documented in a timely and efficient manner and information relevant to the management of the claim is retained.
Talbot: Where Talbot is the lead syndicate on business written, the claims adjusters will, in accordance with the respective policies, assess, investigate, appoint third party experts (including attorneys, loss adjusters or other experts) as required and communicate the Company's actions or findings to the Broker who represents the insured. The Company will also establish adequate reserves and promptly pay valid claims in accordance with the applicable "Lloyd's Claims Scheme" and "Lloyd's Claims Management Principles and Minimum Standards."
Where Talbot is not the lead syndicate, the claims handling and case reserves are established in accordance with the applicable "Lloyd's Claims Scheme" and "Lloyd's Claims Management Principles and Minimum Standards." Material claims and claims movements are reviewed and monitored by the Talbot claims department. Claim financial reports are received daily from the "Xchanging" system pursuant to a centralized contract with Lloyd's.
Competition
The insurance and reinsurance industries are highly competitive. We compete with major U.S., Bermuda, European and other international insurers and reinsurers and certain underwriting syndicates and insurers. We encounter competition in all of our classes of business but there is less competition in those of our lines where we are a specialist underwriter. The Company competes with insurance and reinsurance providers such as:
• | Arch Capital Group Limited, Argo Group International Holdings, Ltd., Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited, Alterra Capital Holdings, Ltd., Allied World Assurance Company Holdings Limited, Alleghany Corporation, Axis Capital Holdings Limited, Endurance Specialty Holdings Limited, Everest Re Group Limited, Montpelier Re Holdings Ltd, PartnerRe Ltd., Platinum Underwriters Holdings Ltd., and Renaissance Reinsurance Holdings Ltd.; |
• | Amlin plc, Catlin Group Limited, Hiscox and others in the Lloyd’s market; |
• | Treaty and direct insurers, in not only the global but also the London Market, that compete with Lloyd’s on a worldwide basis; |
• | Various capital markets participants who access insurance and reinsurance business in securitized form, through special purpose entities or derivative transactions; and |
• | Government-sponsored insurers and reinsurers. |
Competition varies depending on the type of business being insured or reinsured and whether the Company is in a leading or following position. Competition in the types of business that the Company underwrites is based on many factors, including:
• | Premiums charged and other terms and conditions offered; |
• | Services provided; |
• | Financial ratings assigned by independent rating agencies; |
• | Speed of claims payment; |
• | Reputation; |
• | Perceived financial strength; and |
• | The experience of the underwriter in the line of insurance or reinsurance written. |
Increased competition could result in fewer submissions, lower premium rates, lower share of allocated cover, and less favorable policy terms, which could adversely impact the Company’s growth and profitability. Capital market participants have created alternative products such as catastrophe bonds that are intended to compete with reinsurance products. The Company is unable to predict the extent to which these new, proposed or potential initiatives may affect the demand for products or the risks that may be available to consider underwriting.
Regulation
Bermuda
General. As a holding company, Validus Holdings, Ltd. is not subject to Bermuda insurance regulation. However, the Insurance Act 1978 (the "Insurance Act") regulates the Company’s operating subsidiaries in Bermuda, and it provides that no person may carry on any insurance business in or from within Bermuda unless registered as an insurer by the Bermuda Monetary Authority (the “BMA”) under the Insurance Act. The Insurance Act makes no distinction between insurance and reinsurance business. The Company has nine Bermuda based subsidiaries, Validus Re, a Class 4 insurer, Validus Re Americas, Ltd., a Class 4 insurer, Flagstone Reassurance Suisse SA (Bermuda Branch), a Class 4 insurer, PaCRe, Ltd., a Class 4 insurer, Talbot Insurance (Bermuda), Ltd., a Class 3 insurer, AlphaCat Reinsurance, Ltd., a Class 3 insurer , Mont Fort Re Ltd., a Class 3 insurer, AlphaCat Re 2011, Ltd., a Special Purpose Insurer (“SPI”) and AlphaCat Re 2012, Ltd., an SPI, each registered under the Insurance Act.
Principal Representative. The Insurance Act requires that every insurer, including the Bermuda insurance subsidiaries of the Company, appoint and maintain a principal representative resident in Bermuda and maintain a principal office in Bermuda. It is the duty of the principal representative on his reaching a view that there is a likelihood of the insurer for which the principal representative acts becoming insolvent or that a reportable “event” has, to the principal representative's knowledge, occurred, to immediately notify the BMA and to make a report in writing to the BMA within 14 days of the prior notification setting out all the particulars of the case that are available to the principal representative.
Where there has been a significant loss which is reasonably likely to cause the insurer to fail to comply with its enhanced capital requirement, the principal representative must also furnish the BMA with a capital and solvency return reflecting an enhanced capital requirement prepared using post-loss data. The principal representative must provide this within 45 days of notifying the BMA regarding the loss.
Furthermore, where a notification has been made to the BMA regarding a material change to an insurer's business or structure (including merger or amalgamation), the principal representative has 30 days from the date of such notification to furnish the BMA with unaudited interim statutory financial statements in relation to such period as the Authority may require, together with a general business solvency certificate in respect of those statements.
Approved Independent Auditor. Every registered insurer must appoint an independent auditor who will annually audit and report on the statutory financial statements and the statutory financial return of the insurer, all of which, in the case of all registered insurers in Bermuda, are required to be filed annually with the BMA. The independent auditor must be approved by the BMA.
Approved Loss Reserve Specialist. Every registered insurer is required to submit an opinion of its approved loss reserve specialist with its statutory financial return in respect of its loss and loss expense provisions in respect to all licensed entities. The loss reserve specialist, who will normally be a qualified casualty actuary, must be approved by the BMA.
Annual Financial Statements, Annual Statutory Financial Return and Annual Capital and Solvency Return. Every registered insurer must prepare annual statutory financial statements as prescribed in the Insurance Act with respect to all licensed entities. The statutory financial statements are separate from the annual GAAP basis financial statements discussed further below. All licensed entities are also required to prepare and file with the BMA statutory financial returns with respect to its general business unless granted an exemption under section 56 of the Insurance Act. The statutory financial return includes, among other items, a report of the approved independent auditor on the statutory financial statement of such insurer, solvency certificates, the statutory financial statements for the general business, the opinion of the loss reserve specialist and a schedule of reinsurance ceded (Class 4 only). Validus Re and PaCRe are also required to file audited GAAP basis annual financial statements, which are made available to the public. In addition, Validus Re and PaCRe are required to file a capital and solvency return in respect of its general business which shall include the regulatory risk based capital model, a schedule of fixed income investments by rating categories, a schedule of net reserves for losses and loss expense provisions by line of business, a schedule of premiums written by line of business, a schedule of risk management and a schedule of fixed income securities.
Minimum Solvency Margins. The value of the general business assets of licensed insurers must exceed the amount of its general business liabilities by an amount greater than the prescribed minimum solvency margin “MSM,” being equal to the greater of:
Class 3:
(a)$1,000,000;
(b)20% of net premiums written (not to exceed $6,000,000 in net premium written) (being gross premiums written less any premiums ceded by the insurer, but the insurer may not deduct more than 25% of gross premiums when computing net premiums written); or $1,200,000 plus 15% of amount which exceeds $6,000,000; or
(c)15% of net losses and loss expense reserves.
Class 4:
(a)$100,000,000;
(b)50% of net premiums written (being gross premiums written less any premiums ceded by the insurer, but the insurer may not deduct more than 25% of gross premiums when computing net premiums written); or
(c)15% of net losses and loss expense reserves.
Enhanced Capital Requirement. A Class 4 insurer is required to maintain available statutory capital and surplus in regards to its general business at level equal to or in excess of its enhanced capital requirement (“ECR”) which is calculated at the end of its relevant year by reference to the Bermuda Solvency Capital Requirement model (“BSCR”) or an approved internal capital model. The BSCR employs a standard mathematical model that correlates risk underwritten by Bermuda insurers to the capital that is dedicated to the business. The ECR is equal to the higher of each insurer's MSM or the BSCR/approved internal capital model. A Class 4 insurer is also expected to hold a safety margin or buffer above the ECR, which is at least in total equivalent to 120% of its ECR, the target capital level (“TCL”). The TCL will serve as an early warning signal for the BMA, and failure to maintain capital at least equal to the TCL may result in additional reporting requirements or other enhanced regulatory oversight. Presently the BSCR model applies to Validus Re and PaCRe.
Eligible Capital: The tiered capital system (Tiers 1, 2, and 3) classify capital instruments into a given tier based on their loss absorbency characteristics. Eligibility limits are then applied to each tier in determining the amounts eligible to cover regulatory capital requirement levels. The highest capital will be classified Tier 1 Capital, lesser quality capital will be classified as either Tier 2 Capital or Tier 3 Capital. Under this regime, not less than 80% of Tier 1 Capital and up to 20% of Tier 2 Capital may be used to support a company' s minimum solvency margin for its general business. Thereafter, a minimum of 60% of Tier 1 Capital and a maximum of 15% of Tier 3 Capital may be used to satisfy the Company's ECR. Any combination of Tier 1, 2, or 3 Capital may be used to meet the TCL. Eligible Capital Rules currently apply to Validus Re and PaCRe.
Group Supervision. The BMA may, in respect of an insurance group, determine whether it is appropriate for it to be the group supervisor of that group. For purposes of the Insurance Act, an insurance group is defined as a group of companies that conducts exclusively, or mainly, insurance business. The BMA may make such determination where it ascertains that (i) the group is headed by a "specified insurer" (that is to say, it is headed by either a Class 4, 3A, 3B or Class E insurer or another class of insurer designated by order of the BMA); or (ii) where the insurance group is not headed by a "specified insurer" where it is headed
by a parent company which is incorporated in Bermuda; or (iii) where the parent company of the group is not a Bermuda company, where the BMA is satisfied that the insurance group is directed and managed from Bermuda or the insurer with the largest balance sheet total is a specified insurer. Where the BMA determines that it should act as the group supervisor, it shall designate a specified insurer that is a member of the insurance group to be the "designated insurer" and it shall give written notice to the designated insurer and other competent authorities of its intention to act as group supervisor.
In 2011, the BMA notified the Company that it intended to act as group supervisor and that it had designated Validus Re as the "designated insurer" of our group of insurance and reinsurance companies. Pursuant to its powers under the Insurance Act, the BMA will maintain a register of particulars for every insurance group for which it acts as the group supervisor detailing, among other things, the names and addresses of the designated insurer; each member company of the insurance group falling within the scope of group supervision; the principal representative of the insurance group in Bermuda; other competent authorities supervising other member companies of the insurance group; and the insurance group auditors. The designated insurer must notify the BMA of any changes to the above details entered on the register of an insurance group.
As group supervisor, the BMA will perform a number of supervisory functions including (i) coordinating the gathering and dissemination of information which is of importance for the supervisory task of other competent authorities; (ii) carrying out a supervisory review and assessment of the financial situation of the insurance group; (iii) carrying out an assessment of the insurance group's compliance with the rules on solvency, risk concentration, intra-group transactions and governance procedures; (iv) planning and coordinating, with other competent authorities, supervisory activities in respect of the insurance group, (v) coordinating any enforcement action that may need to be taken against the insurance group or any of its members; and (vi) planning and coordinating meetings of colleges of supervisors (consisting of insurance regulators) in order to facilitate the carrying out of the functions described above.
Group Solvency. The Insurance (Prudential Standards) (Insurance Group Solvency Requirement) Rules and Insurance (Group Supervision) Rules (together, "Group Rules"), will apply to the Company so long as the BMA remains our group supervisor. The BMA has implemented and imposed many of the additional requirements described in this section as part of its efforts to gain equivalence under Solvency II. The BMA will now wait until further notice to implement Solvency II as a result of the delay in the implementation of Solvency II in Europe. In addition, through the Group Rules, the BMA may take action which affects the Company. A summary of the Group Rules is set forth below.
Group Financial Statements. Every insurance group must prepare and submit, on an annual basis, audited financial statements prepared under GAAP or IFRS ("Group Financial Statements") and group statutory financial statements. The Group Financial Statements must be audited annually by the group's approved auditor who must prepare an auditor's report in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. The designated insurer is required to file with the BMA annually the audited Group Financial Statements within five months from the end of the relevant financial year (unless specifically extended). The Group Financial Statements are available for public inspection.
Group Statutory Financial Return and Annual Capital and Solvency Return. Every insurance group is required to prepare an annual group statutory financial return which must be submitted to the BMA by the designated insurer within five months after its financial year end (unless specifically extended). The Group Rules prescribe the rules pertaining to the preparation and substance of the group statutory financial statements (which include, in statutory form, a group balance sheet, a group income statement, a group statement of capital and surplus, and notes thereto). The designated insurer of the group is required to file with the BMA the group statutory financial statements with the BMA within five months from the end of the relevant financial year (unless specifically extended). The statutory financial return shall include, among other items, a report of the approved group auditor, an insurance group business solvency certificate, an insurance group capital and solvency certificate, particulars of ceded reinsurance comprising the top ten unaffiliated reinsurers for which the group has the highest recoverable balances, a list of non-insurance financial regulated entities owned by the group and summary details of all adjustments applied to the group financial statements in the form of a reconciliation of amounts reported as total assets, total liabilities, net income and total statutory capital and surplus.
Every insurance group must also prepare and submit a group capital and solvency return (the "Group Capital and Solvency Return") which comprises the group BSCR model or an approved group internal capital model, along with the returns prescribed in the applicable schedules to the Group Rules. The Group Capital and Solvency Return is submitted by the designated insurer on behalf of the group and must include a declaration signed by two directors of the insurer, one of which may be the chief executive; and either the chief risk officer of the parent company , or the chief financial officer of the parent company
Quarterly Financial Returns. In addition to the annual filings, the designated insurer is required to prepare and file, on behalf of the group, quarterly financial returns no later than the end of the month of each May, August and November for the first, second and third quarters, respectively. The quarterly financial return shall consist of (a) quarterly unaudited (consolidated) group financial statements in respect of its business for each financial statements in respect of its business for each financial quarter, where such statements are the most recent produced by the group, and must not reflect a financial position that exceeds two months and (b) details of material intra-group transactions and risk concentrations, including among other things, details surrounding
reinsurance and retrocession arrangements and the ten largest exposures to counterparty and other counterparty exposures exceeding 10% of the insurer's statutory capital and surplus.
Restrictions on Dividends and Distributions. A Class 3B insurer and Class 4 insurer shall not declare or pay any dividend during the financial year if it is in breach of its enhanced capital requirement or its general business solvency margins or its minimum liquidity ratio or if the declaration or payment of such dividends would cause such a breach. If it failed to meet its minimum solvency margins or minimum liquidity ratio on the last day of any financial year, a Class 4 insurer, will be prohibited, without the approval of the BMA, from declaring or paying in any financial year dividends of more than 25% of its total statutory capital and surplus (as shown on its previous financial year's statutory balance sheet) unless it files (at least seven days before payment of such dividends) with the BMA an affidavit stating that it will continue to meet the required margins.
Furthermore, Validus may only declare or pay a dividend, or make a distribution out of contributed surplus as the case may be, if the Company has no reasonable grounds for believing that it is, or would after the payment be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due, or if the realizable value of its assets would not be less than its liabilities.
Insurance Code of Conduct. The BMA Insurance Code of Conduct establishes duties and standards which must be complied with by all insurers registered under the Insurance Act. The Code is divided into six categories, including:
• | Proportionality principle; |
• | Corporate Governance; |
• | Risk Management; |
• | Governance Mechanism; |
• | Outsourcing; and |
• | Market Discipline and Disclosure. |
Failure to comply with the requirements under the Code will be a factor taken into account by the BMA in determining whether an insurer is conducting its business in a sound and prudent manner as prescribed by the Insurance Act.
Notification of Material Changes. All registered insurers are required to give notice to the BMA of their intention to effect a material change within the meaning of the Insurance Act. For the purposes of the Insurance Act, the following changes are material: (i) the acquisition or transfer of insurance business being part of a scheme falling under section 25 of the Insurance Act or section 99 of the Companies Act 1981; (ii) the amalgamation with or acquisition of another firm; (iii) engaging in non-insurance business and activities related thereto where such business is not ancillary to its insurance business; and (iv) engaging in unrelated business that is retail business. Designated insurers are also required to give notice to the BMA if any member of its group intends to give effect to any material change.
No registered insurer shall take any steps to give effect to a material change, and no designated insurer shall, subject to the immediately following paragraph, permit any member of its group to take steps to give effect to a material change, unless it has first served notice on the BMA that it intends to effect such material change and before the end of 14 days, either the BMA has notified such company in writing that it has no objection to such change or that period has lapsed without the BMA having issued a notice of objection.
A designated insurer shall not be required to serve notice of a material change if the member of the group in question is regulated by a competent authority in an equivalent jurisdiction and has within 90 days of the event filed written notice of the material change with the BMA.
Any insurer who fails to give the required notice or which effects a material change, or allows such material change to be effected, before the prescribed period has elapsed or after having received a notice of objection from the BMA shall be guilty of an offense. A designated insurer that is guilty of an offense shall neither be liable to criminal proceedings nor any penalties but may be subject to directions issued by the BMA.
Securities: Securities may be offered or sold in Bermuda only in compliance with the provisions of the Investment Business Act 2003, and Exchange Control Act 1972, and related regulations of Bermuda which regulate the sale of securities in Bermuda. In addition, specific permission is required from the BMA, pursuant to the provisions of the Exchange Control Act 1972 and related regulations, for all issuances and transfers of securities of Bermuda companies, other than in cases where the BMA has granted a general permission. The BMA, in its policy dated June 1, 2005, provides that where any equity securities, which would include our ordinary shares, of a Bermuda company are listed on an appointed stock exchange (the New York Stock Exchange is deemed to be an appointed stock exchange under Bermuda law), general permission is given for the issue and subsequent transfer of any
securities of a company from and/or to a non-resident, for as long as any equity securities of the company remain so listed. The ordinary shares of the Company are listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
Notwithstanding the above general permission, the BMA has granted us permission to, subject to our ordinary or voting shares being listed on an appointed stock exchange, issue, grant, create, sell and transfer any of our shares, stock, bonds, notes (other than promissory notes), debentures, debenture stock, units under a unit trust scheme, shares in an oil royalty, options, warrants, coupons, rights and depository receipts, collectively, the “Securities”, to and among persons who are either resident or non-resident of Bermuda for exchange control purposes, whether or not the Securities (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, our ordinary or voting shares) are listed on an appointed stock exchange.
Shareholder Controller and other Notifications. Under the Insurance Act each shareholder or prospective shareholder will be responsible for notifying the BMA in writing of his becoming a controller, directly or indirectly, of 10%, 20%, 33% or 50% of the Company and/or any of the Company’s Bermuda insurance subsidiaries within 45 days of becoming such a controller. The BMA may serve a notice of objection on any controller of the Company or any of the Company’s Bermuda insurance subsidiaries if it appears to the BMA that the person is no longer fit and proper to be such a controller. The Company’s Bermuda insurance subsidiaries are also required to notify the BMA in writing in the event of any person becoming or ceasing to be a controller or officer, a controller or officer being a managing director, chief executive, director, secretary, chief executive or senior executive or other person in accordance with whose directions or instructions the directors of the Bermuda insurance subsidiaries are accustomed to act, including any person who holds, or is entitled to exercise, 10% or more of the voting shares or voting power or is able to exercise a significant influence over the management of any of the Bermuda insurance subsidiaries.
United States
Talbot operates primarily within the Lloyd’s insurance market through Syndicate 1183, and Lloyd’s operations are subject to regulation in the United States in addition to being regulated in the United Kingdom, as discussed below. The Lloyd’s market is licensed to engage in insurance business in Illinois, Kentucky and the U.S. Virgin Islands and operates as an eligible excess and surplus lines insurer in all states and territories except Kentucky and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Lloyd’s is also an accredited reinsurer in all states and territories of the United States. Lloyd’s maintains various trust funds in the state of New York to protect its United States business and is therefore subject to regulation by the New York Department of Financial Services, which acts as the domiciliary department for Lloyd’s U.S. trust funds. There are deposit trust funds in other states to support Lloyd’s reinsurance and excess and surplus lines insurance business.
Talbot is subject to a Closing Agreement between Lloyd’s and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service pursuant to which Talbot is subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent its income is attributable to U.S. agents who have authority to bind Talbot. Specifically, U.S. federal income tax is imposed on 35% of its income attributable to U.S. binding authorities (70% for Illinois or Kentucky business).
We currently conduct our business in a manner such that we expect that Validus Re will not be subject to insurance and/or reinsurance licensing requirements or regulations in the United States. Although we do not currently intend for Validus Re to engage in activities which would require it to comply with insurance and reinsurance licensing requirements in the United States, should we choose to engage in activities that would require Validus Re to become licensed in the United States, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so or that we will be able to do so in a timely manner. Furthermore, the laws and regulations applicable to direct insurers could indirectly affect us, such as collateral requirements in various U.S. states to enable such insurers to receive credit for reinsurance ceded to us.
In addition, the insurance and reinsurance regulatory framework of Bermuda and the insurance of U.S. risk by companies based in Bermuda and not licensed or authorized in the United States recently has become the subject of increased scrutiny in many jurisdictions, including the United States. We are not able to predict the future impact of changes in the laws and regulation to which we are or may become subject on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.
United Kingdom
The financial services industry in the U.K. is regulated by the Financial Services Authority (“FSA”). The FSA is an independent non-governmental body, given statutory powers by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. Although accountable to treasury ministers and through them to Parliament, it is funded entirely by the firms it regulates. The FSA has wide ranging powers in relation to rule-making, investigation and enforcement to enable it to meet its four statutory objectives, which are summarized as one overall aim: “to promote efficient, orderly and fair markets and to help retail consumers achieve a fair deal.”
In relation to insurance business, the FSA regulates insurers, insurance intermediaries and Lloyd’s itself. The FSA and Lloyd’s have common objectives in ensuring that Lloyd’s market is appropriately regulated and, to minimize duplication, the FSA has agreed arrangements with Lloyd’s for co-operation on supervision and enforcement.
Talbot’s underwriting activities are therefore regulated by the FSA as well as being subject to the Lloyd’s “franchise”. Both FSA and Lloyd’s have powers to remove their respective authorization for Talbot to manage Lloyd’s syndicates. Lloyd’s approves annually Syndicate 1183’s business plan and any subsequent material changes, and the amount of capital required to support that plan. Lloyd’s may require changes to any business plan presented to it or additional capital to be provided to support the underwriting (known as Funds as Lloyd’s).
The U.K. government has set out proposals to replace the current system of financial regulation, which it believes has weaknesses, with a new regulatory framework. The key weakness it identified was that no single institution has the responsibility, authority and tools to monitor the financial system as a whole, and respond accordingly. That power will be given to the Bank of England. The U.K. government intends to create a new Financial Policy Committee (“FPC”) within the Bank, which will look at the wider economic and financial risks to the stability of the system.
In addition, the FSA will cease to exist in its current form, and the U.K. government will create two new focused financial regulators:
• | A new Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) will be responsible for the day-to-day supervision of financial institutions that are subject to significant prudential regulation. It will adopt a more judgment-focused approach to regulation so that business models can be challenged, risks identified and action taken to preserve financial stability. |
• | A new Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) will have a strong mandate for promoting confidence and transparency in financial services and to give greater protection for consumers of financial services. |
The Financial Services Bill was introduced to Parliament on January 26, 2012 and received Royal Assent in December 2012. "Legal cutover," when the new system will be operational, is expected to be April 2013.
In November 2007 Talbot established Talbot Risk Services Pte Ltd in Singapore to source business in the Far East under the Lloyd’s Asia Scheme. The Lloyd’s Asia Scheme was established by the Monetary Authority of Singapore to encourage members of Lloyd’s to expand insurance activities in Asia.
An EU directive covering the capital adequacy, risk management and regulatory reporting for insurers, known as Solvency II was adopted by the European Parliament in April 2009. A directive, known as Omnibus II, which will amend certain of the Solvency II proposals, including the implementation date, was due to be considered by the European Parliament in 2012. On December 3, 2012, the European Parliament rescheduled the plenary vote of the Omnibus II Directive to June 10 2013. Consequently, the proposed Solvency II insurance directive is now widely expected not to come into force before January 1, 2016 at the earliest. Insurers and reinsurers are undertaking a significant amount of work to ensure that they meet the new requirements and this may divert resources from other operational roles. The Company’s implementation plans are well underway, although final Solvency II guidelines have not been fully published.
Switzerland
Our Swiss reinsurance subsidiary, Flagstone Réassurance SA ("Flagstone Suisse"), is a société anonyme headquartered in Martigny, Switzerland.
Regulation and Supervision. The conduct of reinsurance business by a company headquartered in Switzerland requires a license granted by FINMA. In principle, licensing and supervision requirements are imposed on Flagstone Suisse as a standalone legal entity. However, in certain circumstances FINMA may issue a decision to exercise supplementary supervision over a group of companies. FINMA had been the group supervisor of Flagstone Group since July 1, 2011 until December 31, 2012.
Flagstone Suisse obtained its reinsurance license from the Swiss Federal Office of Private Insurance in December 2006. On January 1, 2009, Swiss financial services regulation was reformed institutionally pursuant to the law of June 22, 2007 (“FINMALaw”), creating a single regulator ("FINMA") covering all financial services and integrating the supervision of financial crime, professional audit firms and rating agencies. The function of the Swiss Federal Office of Private Insurance ("FOPI") was replaced by this new single regulator.
In general FINMALaw is an overarching statute applying in as far as there is no contrary provision in the sectoral laws for insurance and reinsurance. Sectoral laws are those laws germane to a particular industry sector such as, for example, insurance, reinsurance and banking. Aside from some inconsequential amendments under FINMALaw unifying cross sectoral issues, the existing sectoral laws governing insurance and reinsurance continue in force, substantially unchanged.
The various legal and regulatory requirements that must be satisfied, are set forth primarily by the three following sets of rules and regulations: the Federal Insurance Supervisory Law (“ISL”); the Federal Private Insurance Supervision Ordinance
(“ISO”); and the FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance, as well as by various implementing directives and circulars. In general, the approach is principles based and allows for consideration of a justified application by management in relation to such principles.
Under Swiss rules and regulations, Swiss reinsurance companies are generally subject to many, but not all, of the same provisions that apply to direct insurers, and include the following obligations:
Adequacy of Financial Resources. ISL Article 9 and ISO, sets out the minimum capital requirements and solvency requirements. The minimum capital for a reinsurance firm is CHF 10 million. Firms are also obliged to constitute and maintain an organizational fund. In the case of Flagstone Suisse this was fixed at CHF 10 million by the Swiss Federal Office of Private Insurance prior to commencement of Flagstone Suisse's operations.
In addition Flagstone Suisse must keep adequate disposable and unencumbered capital resources to cover its entire activities. In calculating the solvency margin, account is taken of the risks to which the firm is exposed, the insurance classes involved, the extent of the business, the geographical scope and internationally recognized principles (ISL Article 9). Solvency is determined based on two independent methodologies:
Solvency I: This involves calculating a margin applying defined percentages to a base of the higher of gross annual premium or gross claims for the last three available years and comparing coverage in terms of admissible “own funds” as determined under ISL Article 37.
The Swiss Solvency Test or SST: Under this approach, capital adequacy is given if risk bearing capital exceeds Target Capital. This involves a more sophisticated analysis providing for a market-consistent valuation of all assets and liabilities in the firm with a methodological approach to risk categories (insurance risk, credit risk etc.) subjecting them to scenario stress tests at a basic level in the context of the standard regulatory approach but, where appropriate (for instance mandatory for reinsurance companies), permitting the use of internal models in the overall management of risk, once such models are validated. The validation of internal models is a general process which FINMA has pursued with all regulated firms over the past year and is ongoing.
The SST is very close to the “Solvency II” standard of the European Union. We expect that the Swiss regulation will achieve mutual recognition in other parts of the world. On February 1, 2010, Switzerland was formally recognized as equivalent by the EU committee of supervisors, the Committee of European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Supervisors (“CEIOPS”), firstly as regards the EU Reinsurance Directive of 2005 regulating pure reinsurers and secondly as regards its supervisory regime.
For the SST all assets of Flagstone Suisse are considered. There is no direct constraint on permitted investments since the provisions regarding assets linked to reserves in the ISL do not apply to reinsurance firms. However, the use of derivative instruments is required to be fully considered as part of the risk management processes and limited to reducing investment or insurance risk or to secure investment efficiencies.
Sound Corporate Governance, Risk Management and Internal Control System. In addition to quantitative risk measures, FINMA requires full qualitative governance and control of risk in the firm. This includes requirements as to the ongoing fitness, propriety and competence of the directors and senior management, observance of ethical standards, objective and appropriate remuneration procedures, management of conflicts of interests, the institution of a compliance function, independence and adequate resourcing of control functions (including the responsible actuary, the risk management function and the internal audit function), as well as clear terms of reference and systems of delegation and report throughout.
ISL and ISO each require the appointment of a Responsible Actuary - an independent and properly qualified actuary responsible for ensuring that solvency margins are calculated correctly, proper accounting principles are used, and adequate technical reserves are established and that he report to the Board periodically.
Insurance companies are required to implement documented procedures for risk management and internal control. While FINMA does not require a specific quantitative outcome in relation to operational risk, the firm is expected to undertake proper analysis and to account for it.
Supervisory Process. The supervisory process includes the following requirements:
Annual Reporting: Flagstone Suisse is required to prepare an annual report at the end of each financial year on the solvency margins available, as well as an annual report on the calculation of target capital and on risk bearing capital. Flagstone Suisse files a corporate report incorporating financial statements prepared and audited in accordance with Swiss accounting rules and a supervisory report in the prescribed format. The supervisory report is to be submitted to FINMA by June 30 of each year in electronic form together with the annual report.
Ad Hoc Notifications: FINMA requires ad hoc notifications of all changes to the firm's scheme of operations which include the following: any changes to company statutes, details of its organizational structure or business activities (including expansion into new jurisdictions; changes involving at least a 10% equity holding or at least 10% of votes in the Company, or where there is a change of control allowing persons to exert a significant influence on the Company's commercial activities; changes in management personnel, including the Responsible Actuary).
In addition, Flagstone Suisse is required to notify changes in levels of control of it (upstream) or by it (downstream) at 10%, 20%, 33% or 50% in terms of capital or voting rights.
There is a general duty to notify FINMA of all matters of which it might want to be advised (FINMALaw Article 29). This includes all solvency material matters, which are specified by circular to include a breach of solvency requirements, fluctuations of 10% or more in terms of assets, technical provisions, or of a significant retrocession contract of the company as well as redemption of any hybrid debt instruments; and any regulatory or criminal investigations brought against the company or the senior management or other significant events.
External Auditor Involvement. Audit firms are subjected to approval and supervision by FINMA and are a significant agent in the supervisory process applying to reinsurance companies (FINMALaw 24 et seq.). Auditors report both to the governing body of the company and to FINMA. They report to the Board on the financial statements of the company and on regulatory shortcomings with a requirement for remediation. Material shortcomings are reported directly to FINMA. A standardized audit report on these topics is prescribed by FINMA Directive. Failure to have an audit conducted in accordance with legal requirements, to fulfill the legal duty of cooperation with auditors or for the auditors to perform their role properly (including whistle blowing or failing to identify regulatory breaches) all attract criminal sanctions.
Intervention and Enforcement by the Regulator. FINMALaw provides for a wider range of supervisory intervention tools than previously provided for under the ISL such as the commencement of formal proceedings, including orders to comply with the law, leading up to withdrawal of license, declarations of unfitness for individuals, disgorgement and the appointment of independent specialists to investigate and implement remediation.
Capital Structure and Dividends. Flagstone Suisse is funded by equity in the form of paid in capital by shares and in share premium. Under Swiss corporate law as modified by insurance supervisory law, a non-life insurance company is obliged to contribute to statutory legal reserves a minimum of 20% of any annual profit up to 50% of statutory capital, being paid in share capital. Flagstone Suisse has been substantially funded by share premium. As of the date of this Annual Report we are advised that, as of 2011, share premium can be distributed to shareholders without being subject to withholding tax. However the distribution of any special dividend to shareholders remain subject to the approval of FINMA which has regard to the maintenance of solvency and the interests of reinsureds and creditors.
Employment Practices
The following table details our personnel by geographic location as at December 31, 2012:
Location | Validus Re | Talbot | AlphaCat | Corporate | Total | % | ||||||||||||
London, England | — | 302 | — | — | 302 | 48.0 | % | |||||||||||
Pembroke, Bermuda | 65 | — | 5 | 50 | 120 | 19.0 | % | |||||||||||
Halifax, Canada | 60 | — | — | — | 60 | 9.5 | % | |||||||||||
Hyderabad, India | 28 | — | — | — | 28 | 4.4 | % | |||||||||||
Waterloo, Canada | — | — | — | 26 | 26 | 4.1 | % | |||||||||||
Republic of Singapore | 9 | 13 | — | — | 22 | 3.5 | % | |||||||||||
New York, United States | — | 11 | — | 9 | 20 | 3.2 | % | |||||||||||
Miami, United States | 17 | — | — | — | 17 | 2.7 | % | |||||||||||
Martigny, Switzerland | 12 | — | — | — | 12 | 1.9 | % | |||||||||||
Dubai, United Arab Emirates | — | 7 | — | — | 7 | 1.1 | % | |||||||||||
Santiago, Chile | 6 | — | — | — | 6 | 1.0 | % | |||||||||||
Toronto, Canada | — | — | — | 5 | 5 | 0.8 | % | |||||||||||
Luxembourg City, Luxembourg | 4 | — | — | — | 4 | 0.6 | % | |||||||||||
Hamburg, Germany | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | 0.2 | % | |||||||||||
Total | 202 | 333 | 5 | 90 | 630 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||
Included within the total above are 110 former Flagstone employees. We expect this number to be reduced in 2013. We believe our relations with our employees are excellent.
Available Information
The Company files periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The public may read and copy any materials filed with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s website address is http://www.sec.gov. The Company’s common shares are traded on the NYSE with the symbol “VR.” Similar information concerning the Company can be reviewed at the office of the NYSE at 20 Broad Street, New York, New York, 10005. The Company’s website address is http://www.validusholdings.com. Information contained in this website is not part of this report.
The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available free of charge, including through our website, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Copies of the charters for the audit committee, the compensation committee, the corporate governance and nominating committee, the finance committee and the risk committee, as well as the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors, Officers and Employees (the “Code”), which applies to all of the Company’s Directors, officers and employees, and Code of Ethics for Senior Officers, which applies to the Company’s principal executive officer, principal accounting officer and other persons holding a comparable position, are available free of charge on the Company’s website at http://www.validusholdings.com or by writing to Investor Relations, Validus Holdings, Ltd., 29 Richmond Road, Pembroke, HM 08, Bermuda. The Company will also post on its website any amendment to the Code and any waiver of the Code granted to any of its directors or executive officers to the extent required by applicable rules.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Risks Related to Our Company
Claims on policies written under our short-tail insurance lines that arise from unpredictable and severe catastrophic events could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
Substantially all of our gross premiums written to date are in short-tail lines, many of which have the potential to accumulate, which means we could become liable for a significant amount of losses in a brief period. The short-tail policies we write expose us to claims arising out of unpredictable natural and other catastrophic events, whether arising from natural causes such as hurricanes, windstorms, tsunamis, severe winter weather, earthquakes and floods, or man-made causes such as fires, explosions, acts of terrorism, war or political unrest. Many observers believe that the Atlantic basin is in the active phase of a multi-decade cycle in which conditions in the ocean and atmosphere, including warmer-than-average sea-surface temperatures and low wind shear, enhance hurricane activity. This increase in the number and intensity of tropical storms and hurricanes can span multiple decades (approximately 20 to 30 years). These conditions may translate to a greater potential for hurricanes to make landfall in the U.S. at higher intensities over the next five years. In addition, climate change may be causing changes in global temperatures, which may in the future increase the frequency and severity of natural catastrophes and the losses resulting therefrom. Although the frequency and severity of catastrophes are inherently unpredictable, we use state-of-science understanding of climate change and other climate signals for pricing and risk aggregation.
The extent of losses from catastrophes is a function of both the number and severity of the insured events and the total amount of insured exposure in the areas affected. Increases in the value and concentrations of insured property, the effects of inflation and changes in cyclical weather patterns may increase the severity of claims from natural catastrophic events in the future. Similarly, changes in global political and economic conditions may increase both the frequency and severity of man-made catastrophic events in the future. Claims from catastrophic events could reduce our earnings and cause substantial volatility in our results of operations for any fiscal quarter or year, which could adversely affect our financial condition, possibly to the extent of eliminating our shareholders’ equity. Our ability to write new reinsurance policies could also be affected as a result of corresponding reductions in our capital.
Underwriting is inherently a matter of judgment, involving important assumptions about matters that are unpredictable and beyond our control, and for which historical experience and probability analysis may not provide sufficient guidance. One or more catastrophic or other events could result in claims that substantially exceed our expectations and which would become due in a short period of time, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.
Emerging claim and coverage issues could adversely affect our business.
As industry practices and legal, judicial, social and other environmental conditions change, unexpected and unintended issues related to claims and coverage may emerge. These issues may adversely affect our business by either extending coverage beyond our underwriting intent or by increasing the number or size of claims. In some instances, these changes may not become apparent until sometime after we have issued insurance or reinsurance contracts that are affected by the changes. For example, a (re)insurance contract might limit the amount that can be recovered as a result of flooding. However, if the flood damage was caused by an event that also caused extensive wind damage, the quantification of the two types of damage is often a matter of judgment. Similarly, one geographic zone could be affected by more than one catastrophic event. In this case, the amount recoverable from an insurer or reinsurer may in part be determined by the judgmental allocation of damage between the storms. Given the magnitude of the amounts at stake, these types of issues occasionally necessitate judicial resolution. In addition, our actual losses may vary materially from our current estimate of the loss based on a number of factors, including receipt of additional information from insureds or brokers, the attribution of losses to coverages that had not previously been considered as exposed and inflation in repair costs due to additional demand for labor and materials. As a result, the full extent of liability under an insurance or reinsurance contract may not be known for many years after such contract is issued and a loss occurs. Our exposure to this uncertainty is greater in our longer tail lines (marine and energy liabilities and financial institutions).
We depend on ratings from third party rating agencies. Our financial strength rating could be revised downward, which could affect our standing among brokers and customers, cause our premiums and earnings to decrease and limit our ability to pay dividends on our common shares.
Third-party rating agencies assess and rate the financial strength of insurers and reinsurers based upon criteria established by the rating agencies, which criteria are subject to change. The financial strength ratings assigned by rating agencies to insurance and reinsurance companies represent independent opinions of financial strength and ability to meet policyholder obligations and are not directed toward the protection of investors. Ratings have become an increasingly important factor in establishing the competitive position of insurance and reinsurance companies. Insurers and intermediaries use these ratings as one measure by which to assess the financial strength and quality of insurers and reinsurers. These ratings are often a key factor in the decision by
an insured or intermediary of whether to place business with a particular insurance or reinsurance provider. These ratings are not an evaluation directed toward the protection of investors or a recommendation to buy, sell or hold our common shares.
If our financial strength rating is reduced from current levels, our competitive position in the reinsurance industry would suffer, and it would be more difficult for us to market our products. A downgrade could result in a significant reduction in the number of reinsurance contracts we write and in a substantial loss of business as our customers and brokers that place such business, move to other competitors with higher financial strength ratings. The substantial majority of reinsurance contracts issued through reinsurance brokers contain provisions permitting the ceding company to cancel such contracts in the event of a downgrade of the reinsurer by A.M. Best below “A-” (Excellent).
We cannot predict in advance the extent to which this cancellation right would be exercised, if at all, or what effect any such cancellations would have on our financial condition or future operations, but such effect could be material and adverse. Consequently, substantially all of Validus Re’s business could be affected by a downgrade of our A.M. Best rating below “A-”.
The indenture governing our Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures would restrict us from declaring or paying dividends on our common shares if we are downgraded by A.M. Best to a financial strength rating of “B” (Fair) or below or if A.M. Best withdraws its financial strength rating on any of our material insurance subsidiaries. A downgrade of the Company’s A.M. Best financial strength rating below “B++” (Fair) would also constitute an event of default under our credit facilities. Either of these events could, among other things, reduce the Company’s financial flexibility.
If our risk management and loss limitation methods fail to adequately manage exposure to losses from catastrophic events, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We manage exposure to catastrophic losses by analyzing the probability and severity of the occurrence of catastrophic events and the impact of such events on our overall (re)insurance and investment portfolio. We use various tools to analyze and manage the reinsurance exposures assumed from insureds and ceding companies and risks from a catastrophic event that could have an adverse effect on our investment portfolio. VCAPS, a proprietary risk modeling software, enables us to assess the adequacy of reinsurance risk pricing and to monitor the overall exposure to insurance and reinsurance risk in correlated geographic zones. There can be no assurance that the models and assumptions used by the software will accurately predict losses. Further, there can be no assurance that the models are free of defects in the modeling logic or in the software code. In addition, we have not sought copyright or other legal protection for VCAPS.
In addition, much of the information that we enter into the risk modeling software is based on third-party data that may not be reliable, as well as estimates and assumptions that are dependent on many variables, such as assumptions about building material and labor demand surge, storm surge, the expenses of settling claims (known as loss adjustment expenses), insurance-to-value and storm intensity. Accordingly, if the estimates and assumptions that are entered into the proprietary risk model are incorrect, or if the proprietary risk model proves to be an inaccurate forecasting tool, the losses we might incur from an actual catastrophe could be materially higher than its expectation of losses generated from modeled catastrophe scenarios, and its financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
A modeled outcome of net loss from a single event also relies in significant part on the reinsurance and retrocessional arrangements in place, or expected to be in place at the time of the analysis, and may change during the year. Modeled outcomes assume that the reinsurance in place responds as expected with minimal reinsurance failure or dispute. Reinsurance and retrocessional coverage is purchased to protect the inwards exposure in line with our risk appetite, but it is possible for there to be a mismatch or gap in cover which could result in higher than modeled losses. In addition, many parts of the reinsurance program are purchased with limited reinstatements and, therefore, the number of claims or events which may be recovered from second or subsequent events is limited. It should also be noted that renewal dates of the reinsurance and retrocessional program do not necessarily coincide with those of the inwards business written. Where inwards business is not protected by risks attaching reinsurance and retrocessional programs, the programs could expire resulting in an increase in the possible net loss retained and as such, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We also seek to limit loss exposure through loss limitation provisions in its policies, such as limitations on the amount of losses that can be claimed under a policy, limitations or exclusions from coverage and provisions relating to choice of forum, which are intended to assure that its policies are legally interpreted as intended. There can be no assurance that these contractual provisions will be enforceable in the manner expected or that disputes relating to coverage will be resolved in our favor. If the loss limitation provisions in the policies are not enforceable or disputes arise concerning the application of such provisions, the losses we might incur from a catastrophic event could be materially higher than expected and our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The insurance and reinsurance business is historically cyclical and we expect to experience periods with excess underwriting capacity and unfavorable premium rates and policy terms and conditions, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The insurance and reinsurance industry has historically been cyclical. Insurers and reinsurers have experienced significant fluctuations in operating results due to competition, frequency of occurrence or severity of catastrophic events, levels of underwriting capacity, underwriting results of primary insurers, general economic conditions and other factors. The supply of insurance and reinsurance is related to prevailing prices, the level of insured losses and the level of industry surplus which, in turn, may fluctuate, including in response to changes in rates of return on investments being earned in the reinsurance industry.
The insurance and reinsurance pricing cycle has historically been a market phenomenon, driven by supply and demand rather than by the actual cost of coverage. The upward phase of a cycle is often triggered when a major event forces insurers and reinsurers to make large claim payments, thereby drawing down capital. This, combined with increased demand for insurance against the risk associated with the event, pushes prices upwards. Over time, insurers’ and reinsurers’ capital is replenished with the higher revenues. At the same time, new entrants flock to the industry seeking a part of the profitable business. This combination prompts a slide in prices—the downward cycle—until a major insured event restarts the upward phase. As a result, the insurance and reinsurance business has been characterized by periods of intense competition on price and policy terms due to excessive underwriting capacity, which is the percentage of surplus or the dollar amount of exposure that a reinsurer is willing to place at risk, as well as periods when shortages of capacity result in favorable premium rates and policy terms and conditions.
Premium levels may be adversely affected by a number of factors which fluctuate and may contribute to price declines generally in the reinsurance industry. For example, as premium levels for many products increased subsequent to the significant natural catastrophes of 2004 and 2005, the supply of reinsurance increased, either as a result of capital provided by new entrants or by the commitment of additional capital by existing reinsurers. Increases in the supply of insurance and reinsurance may have consequences for the reinsurance industry generally and for us including fewer contracts written, lower premium rates, increased expenses for customer acquisition and retention, and less favorable policy terms and conditions. As a consequence, the Company may experience greater competition on most insurance and reinsurance lines. This could adversely affect the rates we receive for our (re)insurance and our gross premiums written.
The cyclical trends in the industry and the industry’s profitability can also be affected significantly by volatile and unpredictable developments, such as natural disasters (such as catastrophic hurricanes, windstorms, tornados, earthquakes and floods), courts granting large awards for certain damages, fluctuations in interest rates, changes in the investment environment that affect market prices of investments and inflationary pressures that may tend to affect the size of losses experienced by insureds and primary insurance companies. We expect to experience the effects of cyclicality, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Competition for business in our industry is intense, and if we are unable to compete effectively, we may not be able to retain market share and our business may be materially adversely affected.
The insurance and reinsurance industries are highly competitive. We face intense competition, based upon (among other things) global capacity, product breadth, reputation and experience with respect to particular lines of business, relationships with (re)insurance intermediaries, quality of service, capital and perceived financial strength (including independent rating agencies’ ratings), innovation and price. We compete with major global insurance and reinsurance companies and underwriting syndicates, many of which have extensive experience in (re)insurance and may have greater financial, marketing and employee resources available to them than us. Other financial institutions, such as banks and hedge funds, now offer products and services similar to our products and services through alternative capital markets products that are structured to provide protections similar to those provided by reinsurers. These products, such as catastrophe-linked bonds, compete with our products. In the future, underwriting capacity will continue to enter the market from these identified competitors and perhaps other sources. Increased competition could result in fewer submissions and lower rates, which could have an adverse effect on our growth and profitability. If we are unable to compete effectively against these competitors, we may not be able to retain market share.
Insureds have been retaining a greater proportion of their risk portfolios than previously, and industrial and commercial companies have been increasingly relying upon their own subsidiary insurance companies, known as captive insurance companies, self-insurance pools, risk retention groups, mutual insurance companies and other mechanisms for funding their risks, rather than risk transferring insurance. This has also put downward pressure on insurance premiums.
Consolidation in the (re)insurance industry could adversely affect our business.
We believe that several (re)insurance industry participants are seeking to consolidate. These consolidated entities may try to use their enhanced market power to negotiate price reductions for our products and services and/or obtain a larger market share through increased line sizes. If competitive pressures reduce our prices, we would expect to write less business. As the insurance industry consolidates, competition for customers will become more intense and the importance of acquiring and properly servicing each customer will become greater. We could incur greater expenses relating to customer acquisition and retention, further reducing our operating margins. In addition, insurance companies that merge may be able to spread their risks across a consolidated, larger capital base so that they require less reinsurance. The number of companies offering retrocessional reinsurance may decline.
Reinsurance intermediaries could also continue to consolidate, potentially adversely impacting our ability to access business and distribute our products. We could also experience more robust competition from larger, better capitalized competitors. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business or our results of operations.
If we underestimate our reserve for losses and loss expenses, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our success depends on our ability to accurately assess the risks associated with the businesses and properties that we insure/reinsure. If unpredictable catastrophic events occur, or if we fail to adequately manage our exposure to losses or fail to adequately estimate our reserve requirements, our actual losses and loss expenses may deviate, perhaps substantially, from our reserve estimates.
We estimate the risks associated with our outstanding obligations, including the risk embedded within our unearned premiums. To do this, we establish reserves for losses and loss expenses (or loss reserves), which are liabilities that we record to reflect the estimated costs of claim payment and the related expenses that we will ultimately be required to pay in respect of premiums written and include case reserves and IBNR reserves. However, under U.S. GAAP, we are not permitted to establish reserves for losses until an event which gives rise to a claim occurs. As a result, only reserves applicable to losses incurred up to the reporting date may be set aside on our financial statements, with no allowance for the provision of loss reserves to account for possible other future losses. Case reserves are reserves established with respect to specific individual reported claims. IBNR reserves are reserves for estimated losses that we have incurred but that have not yet been reported to us.
Our reserve estimates do not represent an exact calculation of liability. Rather, they are estimates of what we expect the ultimate settlement and administration of claims will cost. These estimates are based upon actuarial and statistical projections and on our assessment of currently available data, predictions of future developments and estimates of future trends and other variable factors such as inflation. Establishing an appropriate level for our loss reserve estimates is an inherently uncertain process. It is likely that the ultimate liability will be greater or less than these estimates and that, at times, this variance will be material. Our reserve estimates are regularly refined as experience develops and claims are reported and settled. In addition, as we operate largely through intermediaries, reserving for our business can involve added uncertainty arising from our dependence on information from ceding companies which, in addition to the risk of receiving inaccurate information involves an inherent time lag between reporting information from the primary insurer to us. Additionally, ceding companies employ differing reserving practices which add further uncertainty to the establishment of our reserves. Moreover, these uncertainties are greater for reinsurers like us than for reinsurers with a longer operating history, because we do not yet have an established loss history. The lack of historical information for the Company has necessitated the use of industry loss emergence patterns in deriving IBNR. Loss emergence patterns are development patterns used to project current reported or paid loss amounts to their ultimate settlement value or amount. Further, expected losses and loss ratios are typically developed using vendor and proprietary computer models and these expected loss ratios are a material component in the calculation deriving IBNR. Actual loss ratios will deviate from expected loss ratios and ultimate loss ratios will be greater or less than expected loss ratios. Because of these uncertainties, it is possible that our estimates for reserves at any given time could prove inadequate.
To the extent we determine that actual losses and loss adjustment expenses from events which have occurred exceed our expectations and the loss reserves reflected in our financial statements, we will be required to reflect these changes in the current reporting period. This could cause a sudden and material increase in our liabilities and a reduction in our profitability, including operating losses and reduction of capital, which could materially restrict our ability to write new business and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and potentially our A.M. Best rating.
The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make many estimates and judgments, which are even more difficult than those made in a mature company, and which, if inaccurate, could cause volatility in our results.
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Management believes the item that requires the most subjective and complex estimates is the reserve for losses and loss expenses. Due to the Company’s relatively short operating history, loss experience is limited and reliable evidence of changes in trends of numbers of claims incurred, average settlement amounts, numbers of claims outstanding and average losses per claim will necessarily take many years to develop. Following a major catastrophic event, the possibility of future litigation or legislative change that may affect interpretation of policy terms further increases the degree of uncertainty in the reserving process. The uncertainties inherent in the reserving process, together with the potential for unforeseen developments, including changes in laws and the prevailing interpretation of policy terms, may result in losses and loss expenses materially different than the reserves initially established. Changes to prior year reserves will affect current underwriting results by increasing net income if the prior year reserves prove to be redundant or by decreasing net income if the prior year reserves prove to be insufficient. We expect volatility in results in periods in which significant loss events occur because U.S. GAAP does not permit insurers or reinsurers to reserve for loss events until they have occurred and are expected to give rise to a claim. As a result, we are not allowed to record contingency reserves to account for expected future losses. We anticipate that claims arising from future events will require the establishment of substantial reserves from time to time.
We rely on key personnel and the loss of their services may adversely affect us. The Bermuda location of our head office may be an impediment to attracting and retaining experienced personnel.
Various aspects of our business depend on the services and skills of key personnel of the Company. We believe there are only a limited number of available qualified executives in the business lines in which we compete. We rely substantially upon the services of Edward J. Noonan, Chairman of our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer; Jeffrey D. Sangster, Executive Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Incoming Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer); John H. Hendrickson, incoming Director of Strategy, Corporate Development and Risk Management; Kean Driscoll, Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer of Validus Reinsurance, Ltd.; C.N. Rupert Atkin, Chief Executive Officer of the Talbot Group; Robert F. Kuzloski, Executive Vice President and General Counsel; Andrew E. Kudera, Executive Vice President and Chief Actuary; Lixin Zeng, Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer of AlphaCat Managers, Ltd.; Stuart W. Mercer, Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer; and Jonathan P. Ritz, Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer, among other key employees. The loss of any of their services or the services of other members of our management team or any difficulty in attracting and retaining other talented personnel could impede the further implementation of our business strategy, reduce our revenues and decrease our operational effectiveness. Although we have an employment agreement with each of the above named executives, there is a possibility that these employment agreements may not be enforceable in the event any of these employees leave. The employment agreements for each of the above-named executives provide that the terms of the agreement will continue for a defined period after either party giving notice of termination, and will terminate immediately upon the Company giving notice of termination for cause. We do not currently maintain key man life insurance policies with respect to them or any of our other employees. In addition, changes in employment laws, taxation and remuneration practices within our operating jurisdiction may adversely impact the retention or recruitment of key personnel.
The operating location of our head office and our Validus Re subsidiary may be an impediment to attracting and retaining experienced personnel. Under Bermuda law, non-Bermudians (other than spouses of Bermudians) may not engage in any gainful occupation in Bermuda without an appropriate governmental work permit. Our success may depend in part on the continued services of key employees in Bermuda. A work permit may be granted or renewed upon demonstrating that, after proper public advertisement, no Bermudian (or spouse of a Bermudian or a holder of a permanent resident’s certificate or holder of a working resident’s certificate) is available who meets the minimum standards reasonably required by the employer. A work permit is issued with an expiry date (up to ten years for senior executives) and no assurances can be given that any work permit will be issued or, if issued, renewed upon the expiration of the relevant term. If work permits are not obtained, or are not renewed, for our principal employees, we would lose their services, which could materially affect our business. Work permits are currently required for 47 of our Bermuda employees, the majority of whom have obtained three- or five-year work permits.
Certain of our directors and officers may have conflicts of interest with us.
Entities affiliated with some of our directors have sponsored or invested in, and may in the future sponsor or invest in, other entities engaged in or intending to engage in insurance and reinsurance underwriting, some of which compete with us. They have also entered into, or may in the future enter into, agreements with companies that compete with us.
We have a policy in place applicable to each of our directors and officers which provides for the resolution of potential conflicts of interest. However, we may not be in a position to influence any party’s decision to engage in activities that would give rise to a conflict of interest, and they may take actions that are not in our shareholders’ best interests.
We may require additional capital or credit in the future, which may not be available or only available on unfavorable terms.
We monitor our capital adequacy on a regular basis. The capital requirements of our business depend on many factors, including our premiums written, loss reserves, investment portfolio composition and risk exposures, as well as satisfying regulatory and rating agency capital requirements. Our ability to underwrite is largely dependent upon the quality of our claims paying and financial strength ratings as evaluated by independent rating agencies. To the extent that our existing capital is insufficient to fund our future operating requirements and/or cover claim losses, we may need to raise additional funds through financings or limit our growth. Any equity or debt financing, if available at all, may be on terms that are unfavorable to us. In the case of equity financings, dilution to our shareholders could result, and, in any case, such securities may have rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to those of our outstanding securities. In addition, the capital and credit markets have recently been experiencing extreme volatility and disruption. In some cases, the markets have exerted downward pressure on the availability of liquidity and credit capacity for certain issuers. If we are not able to obtain adequate capital, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
In addition, as an alien insurer and reinsurer (not licensed in the U.S.), we are required to post collateral security with respect to any (re)insurance liabilities that we assume from insureds or ceding insurers domiciled in the U.S. in order for U.S. ceding companies to obtain full statutory and regulatory credit for our reinsurance. Other jurisdictions may have similar collateral requirements. Under applicable statutory provisions, these security arrangements may be in the form of letters of credit, insurance
or reinsurance trusts maintained by trustees or funds-withheld arrangements where assets are held by the ceding company. We intend to satisfy such statutory requirements by maintaining the trust fund requirements for Talbot’s underwriting at Lloyd’s and by providing to primary insurers letters of credit issued under our credit facilities. To the extent that we are required to post additional security in the future, we may require additional letter of credit capacity and there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such additional capacity or arrange for other types of security on commercially acceptable terms or on terms as favorable as under our current letter of credit facilities. Our inability to provide collateral satisfying the statutory and regulatory guidelines applicable to insureds and primary insurers would have a material adverse effect on our ability to provide (re)insurance to third parties and negatively affect our financial position and results of operations.
Security arrangements may subject our assets to security interests and/or require that a portion of our assets be pledged to, or otherwise held by, third parties. Although the investment income derived from our assets while held in trust typically accrues to our benefit, the investment of these assets is governed by the investment regulations of the state of domicile of the ceding insurer and therefore the investment returns on these assets may not be as high as they otherwise would be.
Loss of business from one or more major brokers could adversely affect us.
We market our insurance and reinsurance on a worldwide basis primarily through brokers, and we depend on a small number of brokers for a large portion of our revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2012, our business was primarily sourced from the following brokers: Marsh & McLennan 29.4%, Aon Benfield Group Ltd. 26.5% and Willis Group Holdings Ltd. 16.1%. These three brokers provided a total of 72.0% of our gross premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2012. Loss of all or a substantial portion of the business provided by one or more of these brokers could adversely affect our business.
We assume a degree of credit risk associated with substantially all of our brokers.
In accordance with industry practice, we frequently pay amounts owed on claims under our policies to brokers and the brokers, in turn, pay these amounts over to the ceding insurers and reinsurers that have reinsured a portion of their liabilities with us. In some jurisdictions, if a broker fails to make such a payment, we might remain liable to the ceding insurer or reinsurer for the deficiency notwithstanding the broker’s obligation to make such payment. Conversely, in certain jurisdictions, when the ceding insurer or reinsurer pays premiums for these policies to reinsurance brokers for payment to us, these premiums are considered to have been paid and the ceding insurer or reinsurer will no longer be liable to us for these premiums, whether or not we have actually received them. Consequently, we assume a degree of credit risk associated with substantially all of our brokers.
Our utilization of brokers, managing general agents and other third parties to support our business exposes us to operational and financial risks
Talbot’s business at Lloyd’s relies upon brokers, managing general agents and other third parties to produce and service a proportion of its operations. In these arrangements, we typically grant the third party the right to bind us to new and renewal policies, subject to underwriting guidelines we provide and other contractual restrictions and obligations. Should these third parties issue policies that contravene these guidelines, restrictions or obligations, we could nonetheless be deemed liable for such policies. Although we would intend to resist claims that exceed or expand on our underwriting intention, it is possible that we would not prevail in such an action, or that our managing general agent would be unable to adequately indemnify us for their contractual breach.
We also rely on managing general agents, third party administrators or other third parties we retain, to collect premiums and to pay valid claims. We could also be exposed to their or their producer’s operational risk, including, but not limited to, contract wording errors, technological and staffing deficiencies and inadequate disaster recovery plans. We could also be exposed to potential liabilities relating to the claims practices of the third party administrators we have retained to manage the claims activity on this business. Although we have implemented monitoring and other oversight protocols, we cannot assure you that these measures will be sufficient to mitigate all of these exposures.
Our success depends on our ability to establish and maintain effective operating procedures and internal controls. Failure to detect control issues and any instances of fraud could adversely affect us.
Our success is dependent upon our ability to establish and maintain operating procedures and internal controls (including the timely and successful implementation of information technology systems and programs) to effectively support our business and our regulatory and reporting requirements. We may not be successful in such efforts. Even when implemented, as a result of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide full assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company will be detected.
We may be unable to purchase reinsurance or retrocessional reinsurance in the future, and if we do successfully purchase reinsurance or retrocessional reinsurance, we may be unable to collect on claims submitted under such policies, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We purchase reinsurance and retrocessional reinsurance in order that we may offer insureds and cedants greater capacity, and to mitigate the effect of large and multiple losses on our financial condition. Reinsurance is a transaction whereby an insurer or reinsurer cedes to a reinsurer all or part of the insurance it has written or reinsurance it has assumed. A reinsurer’s or retrocessional reinsurer’s insolvency or inability or refusal to make timely payments under the terms of its reinsurance agreement with us could have an adverse effect on us because we remain liable to our client. From time to time, market conditions have limited, and in some cases have prevented, insurers and reinsurers from obtaining the types and amounts of reinsurance or retrocessional reinsurance that they consider adequate for their business needs. Accordingly, we may not be able to obtain our desired amounts of reinsurance or retrocessional reinsurance or negotiate terms that we deem appropriate or acceptable or obtain reinsurance or retrocessional reinsurance from entities with satisfactory creditworthiness.
Our investment portfolio may suffer reduced returns or losses which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Any increase in interest rates or volatility in the fixed income markets could result in significant unrealized losses in the fair value of our investment portfolio which would reduce our net income.
Our operating results depend in part on the performance of our investment portfolio, which currently consists largely of fixed maturity securities, as well as the ability of our investment managers to effectively implement our investment strategy. Our Board of Directors, led by our Finance Committee, oversees our investment strategy, and in consultation with our portfolio advisors, has established investment guidelines. The investment guidelines dictate the portfolio’s overall objective, benchmark portfolio, eligible securities, duration, limitations on the use of derivatives and inclusion of foreign securities, diversification requirements and average portfolio rating. Management and the Finance Committee periodically review these guidelines in light of our investment goals and consequently they may change at any time.
The investment return, including net investment income, net realized gains (losses) on investments, net unrealized (losses) gains on investments, on our invested assets was $126.5 million, or 2.0% for the year ended December 31, 2012. While we follow a conservative investment strategy designed to emphasize the preservation of invested assets and to provide sufficient liquidity for the prompt payment of claims, we will nevertheless be subject to market-wide risks including illiquidity and pricing uncertainty and fluctuations, as well as to risks inherent in particular securities. Our investment performance may vary substantially over time, and there can be no assurance that we will achieve our investment objectives. See “Business—Investment Management.”
Investment results will also be affected by general economic conditions, market volatility, interest rate fluctuations, liquidity and credit risks beyond our control. In addition, our need for liquidity may result in investment returns below our expectations. Also, with respect to certain of our investments, we are subject to prepayment or reinvestment risk. In particular, our fixed income portfolio is subject to reinvestment risk, and as at December 31, 2012, 21.8% of our fixed income portfolio is comprised of mortgage backed and asset backed securities which are subject to prepayment risk. Although we attempt to manage the risks of investing in a changing interest rate environment, a significant increase in interest rates could result in significant losses, realized or unrealized, in the fair value of our investment portfolio and, consequently, could have an adverse affect on our results of operations.
Investment methodologies and assumptions are subject to differing interpretations and impairments taken on our investments are subjective which could both adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The valuation of our investments may include methodologies, estimations and assumptions that are subject to differing interpretations and could result in changes to our investment valuations. During periods of market disruptions, it may be difficult to value certain securities if trading becomes less frequent or market data less observable. There may also be certain asset classes that become illiquid due to the financial environment. As a result, valuation of securities in our investment portfolio may require more subjectivity and management judgment. Valuation methods that require greater estimation may result in values which may be greater or less than the value at which the investments may be ultimately sold. In addition, rapidly changing and unpredictable credit and equity market conditions could materially affect the valuation of securities as reported in our consolidated financial statements.
The determination of the impairments taken on our investments are also highly subjective and could materially impact our financial position. Impairments vary by investment type and are based upon our periodic evaluations and assessments of known and inherent risks associated with the respective asset class. Evaluations are revised as conditions change, and management reflects impairments in operations on a quarterly basis as such evaluations are revised. Furthermore, additional impairments may need to be taken in the future. Subjective impairments could adversely affect our financial conditions and our results of operations.
Certain of our investments are illiquid and may be difficult to sell, or to sell in significant amounts at acceptable prices, to generate cash to meet our needs
Investments in certain securities in funds attributed to utilizing the equity method, may be illiquid due to contractual provisions or investment market conditions. If we require significant amounts of cash on short notice in excess of anticipated cash obligations, then we may have difficulty selling these investments in a timely manner or we may be forced to sell or terminate them at unfavorable values.
Our operating results may be adversely affected by currency fluctuations.
Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Many of our companies maintain both assets and liabilities in local currencies. Therefore, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk on the assets and liabilities denominated in those foreign currencies. Foreign exchange risk is reviewed as part of our risk management process. Locally required capital levels may be invested in home currencies in order to satisfy regulatory requirements and to support local insurance operations. The principal currencies creating foreign exchange risk are the British pound sterling and the Euro. As of December 31, 2012, $1,264.7 million, or 12.6% of our total assets and $1,217.9 million, or 21.9% of our total liabilities were held in foreign currencies. As of December 31, 2012, $152.3 million, or 2.7% of our total net liabilities held in foreign currencies was non-monetary items which do not require revaluation at each reporting date. We look to manage our foreign currency exposure through the use of currency derivatives as well as matching of our major foreign denominated assets and liabilities. However, there is no guarantee that we will effectively mitigate our exposure to foreign exchange losses. Please refer to Part II, Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” for further discussion of foreign currency risk.
Heightened European sovereign debt risk could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our fixed income portfolio contains certain Eurozone non-U.S. Government and Government Agency securities and Eurozone non-U.S. corporate securities which are subject to increased liquidity risk, interest rate risk and default risk as a result of heightened European sovereign debt risk. As of December 31, 2012, our fixed income portfolio contains $101.4 million or 2.0% of Eurozone Non-U.S. Government securities and $233.6 million or 4.6% of Eurozone non-U.S. corporate securities. Increased defaults, and or a significant increase in interest rates could result in losses, realized or unrealized, in the fair value of our investment portfolio and, consequently, could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
We are subject to cybersecurity risks and may incur increasing costs in an effort to minimize those risks.
We depend on the proper functioning and availability of our information technology platform, including communications and data processing systems, in operating our business. These systems consist of proprietary software programs that are integral to the efficient operation of our business, including our proprietary pricing and exposure management system. We are also required to effect electronic transmissions with third parties including brokers, clients vendors and others with whom we do business, and to facilitate the oversight conducted by our Board of Directors. Security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss or misuse of our information, litigation and potential liability. In addition, cyber incidents that impact the availability, reliability, speed, accuracy or other proper functioning of these systems could have a significant impact on our operations, and potentially on our results. We may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent rapidly evolving types of cyber attacks. A significant cyber incident, including system failure, security breach, disruption by malware or other damage could interrupt or delay our operations, result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, damage our reputation, cause a loss of customers or give rise to monetary fines and other penalties, which could be significant.
Risks Related to Acquisitions and New Ventures
Any future acquisitions or new ventures may expose us to operational risks.
We may in the future make strategic acquisitions, either of other companies or selected books of business, or grow our business organically. Any future acquisitions or new ventures may expose us to operational challenges and risks, including:
• | integrating financial and operational reporting systems; |
• | integration into new geographical regions; |
• | establishing satisfactory budgetary and other financial controls; |
• | funding increased capital needs and overhead expenses; |
• | obtaining management personnel required for expanded operations; |
• | obtaining necessary regulatory permissions; |
• | funding cash flow shortages that may occur if anticipated sales and revenues are not realized or are delayed, whether by general economic or market conditions or unforeseen internal difficulties; |
• | the value of assets related to acquisitions or new ventures may be lower than expected or may diminish due to credit defaults or changes in interest rates and liabilities assumed may be greater than expected; |
• | the assets and liabilities related to acquisitions or new ventures may be subject to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuation; and |
• | financial exposures in the event that the sellers of the entities we acquire are unable or unwilling to meet their indemnification, reinsurance and other obligations to us. |
Our failure to manage successfully these operational challenges and risks may adversely impact our results of operations.
We may be exposed to risk in connection with our management of third party capital.
Our operating subsidiaries may owe certain legal duties and obligations to third party investors (including reporting obligations) and are subject to a variety of often complex laws and regulations relating to the management of third party capital. Compliance with some of these laws and regulations requires significant management time and attention. Although we seek to continually monitor our policies and procedures to attempt to ensure compliance, there could be faulty judgments, simple errors or mistakes, or the failure of our personnel to adhere to established policies and procedures which could result in our failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations which could result in significant liabilities, penalties or other losses to the Company, and seriously harm our business and results of operations. In addition to the forgoing, our third party capital providers may redeem their interests in our managed funds, which could materially impact the financial condition of such funds, and could in turn materially impact our financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, we can provide no assurance that we may be able to attract and raise additional third party capital for our existing funds or for potential new funds and therefore we may forego existing and/or potential fee income and other income generating opportunities.
Risks Relating to Lloyd’s and Other U.K. Regulatory Matters
The regulation of Lloyd’s members and of Lloyd’s by the U.K. Financial Services Authority (“FSA”) and under European Directives and other local laws may result in intervention that could have a significant negative impact on Talbot.
Talbot operates in a regulated jurisdiction. Its underwriting activities are regulated by the FSA and franchised by Lloyd’s. The FSA has substantial powers of intervention in relation to the Lloyd’s managing agents (such as Talbot Underwriting Ltd.) which it regulates, including the power to remove their authorization to manage Lloyd’s syndicates. In addition, the Lloyd’s Franchise Board requires annual approval of Syndicate 1183’s business plan, including a maximum underwriting capacity, and may require changes to any business plan presented to it or additional capital to be provided to support underwriting (known as Funds at Lloyd’s or “FAL”). An adverse determination in any of these cases could lead to a change in business strategy which may have an adverse effect on Talbot’s financial condition and operating results.
An EU directive covering the capital adequacy, risk management and regulatory reporting for insurers, known as Solvency II was adopted by the European Parliament in April 2009. A directive, known as Omnibus II, which will amend certain of the Solvency II proposals, including the implementation date, was due to be considered by the European Parliament in 2012. On December 3 2012, the European Parliament rescheduled the plenary vote of the Omnibus II Directive to June 10, 2013. Consequently the proposed Solvency II insurance directive is now widely expected not to come into force before January 1, 2016 at the earliest. Insurers and reinsurers are undertaking a significant amount of work to ensure that they meet the new requirements and this may divert resources from other operational roles. The Company's implementation plans are well underway, although final Solvency II guidelines have not been fully published.
Additionally, Lloyd’s worldwide insurance and reinsurance business is subject to local regulation. Changes in such regulation may have an adverse effect on Lloyd’s generally and on Talbot.
The future structure of U.K. financial regulation
The U.K. government has set out proposals to replace the current system of financial regulation, which it believes has weaknesses, with a new regulatory framework. The key weakness it identified was that no single institution has the responsibility, authority and tools to monitor the financial system as a whole, and respond accordingly. That power will be given to the Bank of England. The U.K. government will create a new Financial Policy Committee (“FPC”) within the Bank, which will look at the wider economic and financial risks to the stability of the system.
In addition, the FSA will cease to exist in its current form, and the Government will create two new focused financial regulators:
• | A new Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) will be responsible for the day-to-day supervision of financial institutions that are subject to significant prudential regulation. It will adopt a more judgment-focused approach to regulation so that business models can be challenged, risks identified and action taken to preserve financial stability. |
• | A new Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) will have a strong mandate for promoting confidence and transparency in financial services and to give greater protection for consumers of financial services. |
The Financial Services Bill was introduced to Parliament on January 26, 2012 and received Royal Assent in December 2012. “Legal cutover,” when the new system will be operational, is expected to be April 1, 2013.
Lloyd’s is keeping abreast of these developments and lobbying on behalf of the market when necessary. It is likely that Lloyd’s itself and managing agency businesses will come under the day-to-day supervision of the PRA in due course although Talbot will also have to interact with the FCA. We are unable to determine the impact, if any, the change in U.K. financial regulation will have on Talbot’s financial condition and results of operations.
Should Lloyd’s Council decide additional levies are required to support the central fund, this could adversely affect Talbot.
The central fund, which is funded by annual contributions and loans from Lloyd’s members, acts as a policyholders’ protection fund to make payments where any Lloyd’s member has failed to pay, or is unable to pay, valid claims. The Lloyd’s Council may resolve to make payments from the central fund for the advancement and protection of policyholders, which could lead to additional or special contributions being payable by Lloyd’s members, including Talbot. This, in turn, could adversely affect Talbot and the Company.
Lloyd’s 1992 and prior liabilities.
Lloyd’s currently has a number of contingent liabilities in respect of risks under certain policies allocated to 1992 or prior years of account.
Notwithstanding the “firebreak” introduced when Lloyd’s implemented the Reconstruction and Renewal Plan in 1996, and the phase II completion which was effective June 30, 2009 which, as a result Equitas and relevant policyholders now benefit from $7.0 billion of reinsurance cover provided under this arrangement, Lloyd’s members, including Talbot subsidiaries, remain indirectly exposed in a number of ways to 1992 and prior business then reinsured by Equitas, including through the application of overseas deposits and the central fund.
The statutory transfer of 1992 and prior non-life business from Names to Equitas Insurance Limited, relieved the members and former members concerned from those liabilities under U.K. law and the law of every other state within the EEA, however, if the limit of retrocessional cover from National Indemnity Company in respect of that business proves to be insufficient and as a consequence Equitas is unable to pay the 1992 and prior liabilities in full, Lloyd’s will be liable to meet any shortfall arising in respect of certain policies. The central fund, which Lloyd’s can replenish, subject to its Bye-laws, by issuing calls on current underwriting members of Lloyd’s (which will include Talbot subsidiaries), may be applied for these purposes. Lloyd’s also has contingent liabilities under indemnities in respect of claims against certain persons.
The failure of Lloyd’s to satisfy the FSA’s annual solvency test could result in limitations on managing agents’ ability, including Talbot’s ability to underwrite or to commence legal proceedings against Lloyd’s.
The FSA requires Lloyd’s to satisfy an annual solvency test. The solvency requirement in essence measures whether Lloyd’s has sufficient assets in the aggregate to meet all outstanding liabilities of its members, both current and in run-off. If Lloyd’s fails to satisfy the test in any year, the FSA may require Lloyd’s to cease trading and/or its members to cease or reduce underwriting. In the event of Lloyd’s failing to meet any solvency requirement, either the Society of Lloyd’s or the FSA may apply to the court for a Lloyd’s Market Reorganisation Order (“LMRO”). On the making of an order a “reorganisation controller” is appointed, and for its duration, a moratorium is imposed preventing any proceedings or legal process from being commenced or continued against any party that is the subject of such an order, which, if made, would apply to the market as a whole, including members, former members, managing agents, members’ agents, Lloyd’s brokers, approved run-off companies and managing general agents unless individual parties are specifically excluded.
A downgrade in Lloyd’s ratings would have an adverse effect on Syndicate 1183’s standing among brokers and customers and cause its premiums and earnings to decrease.
The ability of Lloyd’s syndicates to trade in certain classes of business at current levels is dependent on the maintenance of a satisfactory credit rating issued by an accredited rating agency. The financial security of the Lloyd’s market is regularly assessed by three independent rating agencies, A.M. Best, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch Ratings. Syndicate 1183 benefits from Lloyd’s current ratings and would be adversely affected if the current ratings were downgraded from their present levels.
An increase in the charges paid by Talbot to participate in the Lloyd’s market could adversely affect Talbot’s financial and operating results.
Lloyd’s imposes a number of charges on businesses operating in the Lloyd’s market, including, for example, annual subscriptions and central fund contributions for members and policy signing charges. The basis and amounts of charges may be varied by Lloyd’s and could adversely affect Talbot and the Company.
An increase in the level or type of deposits required by U.S. Situs Trust Deeds to be maintained by Lloyd’s syndicates could result in Syndicate 1183 being required to make a cash call which could adversely affect Talbot’s financial performance.
The U.S. Situs Trust Deeds require syndicates transacting certain types of business in the United States to maintain minimum deposits as protection for U.S. policyholders. These deposits represent the syndicates’ estimates of unpaid claims liabilities (less premiums receivable) relating to this business, adjusted for provisions for potential bad debt on premiums earned but not received and for any anticipated profit on unearned premiums. No credit is generally allowed for potential reinsurance recoveries. The New York Insurance Department and the U.S. National Association of Insurance Commissioners currently require funding of 30% of gross liabilities in relation to insurance business classified as “Surplus Lines.” The “Credit for Reinsurance” trust fund is usually required to be funded at 100% of gross liabilities. The funds contained within the deposits are not ordinarily available to meet trading expenses. U.S. regulators may increase the level of funding required or change the requirements as to the nature of funding. Accordingly, in the event of a major claim arising in the United States, for example from a major catastrophe, syndicates participating in such U.S. business may be required to make cash calls on their members to meet claims payments and deposit funding obligations. This could adversely affect Talbot.
Risks Related to Taxation
We may be subject to U.S. tax.
We intend to operate in such a manner that none of our non-U.S. companies would be considered engaged in a U.S. trade or business. No definitive standards, however, are provided by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), U.S. Treasury regulations or court decisions regarding activities that constitute the conduct of a U.S. trade or business. Because that determination is essentially factual, we cannot assure that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) will not contend that we are engaged in a U.S. trade or business. If we were found to be so engaged, we could be subject to U.S. corporate income and branch profits tax on our earnings that are effectively connected to such U.S. trade or business.
If the group company involved is entitled to the benefits of a U.S. income tax treaty (the “Treaty”), it would not be subject to U.S. income tax on any income protected by the Treaty unless that income is attributable to a permanent establishment in the U.S. The income tax treaty between the U.S. and Bermuda (the “Bermuda Treaty”) clearly applies to premium income, but may be construed as not protecting other income such as investment income. If Validus Re were found to be engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and were entitled to the benefits of the Bermuda Treaty in general, but the Bermuda Treaty was found not to protect investment income, a portion of Validus Re's investment income could be subject to U.S. tax.
U.S. persons who hold common shares may be subject to U.S. income taxation at ordinary income rates on our undistributed earnings and profits.
Controlled Foreign Corporation Status: The Company should not be a controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”) because its organizational documents provide that if the common shares owned, directly, indirectly or by attribution, by any person would otherwise represent more than 9.09% of the aggregate voting power of all the Company’s common shares, the voting rights attached to those common shares will be reduced so that such person may not exercise and is not attributed more than 9.09% of the total voting power of the common shares. We cannot assure, however, that the provisions of the Organizational Documents will operate as intended and that the Company will not be considered a CFC. If the Company were considered a CFC, any shareholder that is a U.S. person that owns directly, indirectly or by attribution, 10% or more of the voting power of the Company may be subject to current U.S. income taxation at ordinary income tax rates on all or a portion of the Company’s undistributed earnings and profits attributable to Validus Re’s insurance and reinsurance income, including underwriting and investment income. Any gain realized on sale of common shares by such shareholder may also be taxed as a dividend to the extent of the Company’s earnings and profits attributed to such shares during the period that the shareholder held the shares and while the Company was a CFC (with certain adjustments).
Related Person Insurance Income: If the related person insurance income (“RPII”) of any of the Company’s non-U.S. insurance subsidiaries were to equal or exceed 20% of that subsidiary’s gross insurance income in any taxable year, and U.S. persons were treated as owning 25% or more of the subsidiary’s stock, by vote or value, a U.S. person who directly or indirectly owns any common shares on the last day of such taxable year on which the 25% threshold is met would be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes that person’s ratable share of that subsidiary’s RPII for the taxable year. The amount to be included in income is determined as if the RPII were distributed proportionately to U.S. shareholders on that date, regardless of whether that income is distributed. The amount of RPII to be included in income is limited by such shareholder’s share of the subsidiary’s current-year earnings and profits, and possibly reduced by the shareholder’s share of prior year deficits in earnings and profits. The amount of RPII earned by a subsidiary will depend on several factors, including the identity of persons directly or indirectly insured or reinsured by that subsidiary. Although we do not believe that the 20% threshold will be met for our non-U.S. insurance subsidiaries, some of the factors that might affect that determination in any period may be beyond our control. Consequently, we cannot assure that we will not exceed the RPII threshold in any taxable year.
If a U.S. person disposes of shares in a non-U.S. insurance corporation that had RPII (even if the 20% threshold was not met) and the 25% threshold is met at any time during the five-year period ending on the date of disposition, and the U.S. person owned any shares at such time, any gain from the disposition will generally be treated as a dividend to the extent of the holder’s share of the corporation’s undistributed earnings and profits that were accumulated during the period that the holder owned the shares (possibly whether or not those earnings and profits are attributable to RPII). In addition, the shareholder will be required to comply with specified reporting requirements, regardless of the amount of shares owned. We believe that those rules should not apply to a disposition of common shares because the Company is not itself directly engaged in the insurance business. We cannot assure, however, that the IRS will not successfully assert that those rules apply to a disposition of common shares.
U.S. persons who hold common shares will be subject to adverse tax consequences if the Company is considered a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
If the Company is considered a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. holder who owns common shares will be subject to adverse tax consequences, including a greater tax liability than might otherwise apply and an interest charge on certain taxes that are deferred as a result of the Company’s non-U.S. status. We currently do not expect that the Company will be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the current taxable year or the foreseeable future because, through Validus Re, Talbot 2002 Underwriting Capital Ltd. and Talbot Underwriting Ltd., it intends to be predominantly engaged in the active conduct of a global insurance and reinsurance business. We cannot assure you, however, that the Company will not be deemed to be a PFIC by the IRS. No regulations currently exist regarding the application of the PFIC provisions to an insurance company.
Changes in U.S. tax laws may be retroactive and could subject a U.S. holder of our common shares to other adverse tax consequences.
The tax treatment of non-U.S. companies and their U.S. and non-U.S. insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries has been the subject of Congressional discussion and legislative proposals in the U.S. We cannot assure that future legislative action will not increase the amount of U.S. tax payable by us.
In addition, the U.S. federal income tax laws and interpretations, including those regarding whether a company is engaged in a U.S. trade or business or is a PFIC, or whether U.S. holders would be required to include “subpart F income” or RPII in their gross income, are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. No regulations regarding the application of the PFIC rules to insurance companies are currently in effect, and the regulations regarding RPII are still in proposed form. New regulations or pronouncements interpreting or clarifying such rules may be forthcoming. We cannot be certain if, when, or in what form, such regulations or pronouncements may be provided, and whether such guidance will have a retroactive effect.
The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012
Under previous U.S. law, non-corporate U.S. holders of our common shares generally are taxed on dividends at a capital gains tax rate of 15% rather than ordinary income tax rates. The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 raises the top rate for capital gains and dividends to 20%, up from the maximum 15% rate. That top rate will apply to the extent that a taxpayer's income exceeds the thresholds set for the 39.6% rate ($400,000 for single filers; $450,000 for joint filers and $425,000 for heads of households).
The Obama administration’s proposed budget for Fiscal Year 2013 could disallow a deduction for premiums paid for reinsurance.
Insurance companies are generally allowed a deduction for premiums paid for reinsurance. The proposed budget for fiscal year 2013 contains a proposal that denies an insurance company a deduction for premiums and other amounts paid to affiliated foreign companies with respect to reinsurance of property and casualty risks to the extent that the foreign reinsurer (or its parent company) is not subject to U.S. income tax with respect to the premiums received. Furthermore, the proposed law would exclude from the insurance company’s income (in the same proportion in which the premium deduction was denied) any return premiums, ceding commissions, reinsurance recovered, or other amounts received with respect to reinsurance policies for which a premium deduction is wholly or partially denied. The current proposal would only apply to policies issued in tax years beginning after December 31, 2012. Based on the information currently available to us, it is uncertain to what extent this legislation will adversely impact us.
We may become subject to taxes in Bermuda after March 31, 2035, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Under current Bermuda law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains. We have received from the Minister of Finance under The Exempted Undertaking Tax Protection Act 1966, as amended, an assurance that, in the event that Bermuda enacts legislation imposing tax computed on profits, income, any capital asset, gain or appreciation, or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance, then the imposition of any such tax shall not be applicable to us or to any of our operations or shares,
debentures or other obligations, until March 31, 2035. We could be subject to taxes in Bermuda after that date. This assurance is subject to the proviso that it is not to be construed to prevent the application of any tax or duty to such persons as are ordinarily resident in Bermuda or to prevent the application of any tax payable in accordance with the provisions of the Land Tax Act 1967 or otherwise payable in relation to any property leased to us. We and Validus Re each pay annual Bermuda government fees; Validus Re pays annual insurance license fees. In addition, all entities employing individuals in Bermuda are required to pay a payroll tax and there are other sundry taxes payable, directly or indirectly, to the Bermuda government.
Our non-U.K. companies may be subject to U.K. tax.
We intend to operate in such a manner that none of our non-U.K. companies would be resident in the U.K. for tax purposes. A company incorporated outside the U.K. will be resident in the U.K. if its business is centrally managed and controlled from the U.K.. Because the concept of central management and control is not defined in statute but derives from case law and the determination of residence is subjective, the U.K. Inland Revenue might contend successfully that one or more of our companies is resident in the U.K..
Furthermore, we intend to operate in such a manner that none of our non-U.K. companies carry on a trade wholly or partly in the U.K.. Case law has held that whether or not a trade is being carried on is a matter of fact and emphasis is placed on where operations take place from which the profits in substance arise. This judgment is subjective. U.K. Inland Revenue might contend successfully that one or more of our non-U.K. companies, is conducting business in the U.K. For U.K. tax purposes, a non-U.K. tax resident company will only be subject to U.K. corporation tax if it carries on a trade in the U.K. through a U.K. permanent establishment. However, that company will still have an income tax liability in the U.K. if it carries on a trade in the U.K., even absent a permanent establishment, unless that company is treaty-protected.
On July 19, 2011, the U.K. government passed the Finance Act 2011 which reduced the U.K. corporate income tax rate from 27% to 26% (as of April 1, 2011) and provided for a further reduction in the U.K. corporate income tax rate from 26% to 25% (effective April 1, 2012)
On December 6, 2011, the U.K. government released draft legislation for a number of key tax reforms which includes a further reduction in U.K. corporation tax rate to 24% (effective April 1, 2013) and 23% (effective April 1, 2014). The effect of a change in an enacted tax law should be recognized through an adjustment to income from continuing operations in the period that legislation is enacted.
The deferred tax liability for underwriting profit taxable in future periods arises because of a difference in timing, for tax payment purposes, between when Talbot syndicate underwriting income is subject to tax and when corresponding corporate name reinsurance premiums are allowable for tax. Under previous U.K. tax legislation, syndicate underwriting income for a particular underwriting year of account is taxed in the year the syndicate closes. However the corresponding corporate name reinsurance premiums are allowable for tax as they are accounted for on an accruals basis. On December 6, 2011, HM Revenue & Customs announced that this timing difference will be eliminated by legislating that the corporate name reinsurance premiums will only allowable for tax in the same period that the syndicate underwriting income for the corresponding underwriting year of account is subject to tax. This change only applies to the 2012 and future underwriting years of account. Therefore, it is expected that the deferred tax liability will be eliminated in future accounting periods as a result of this change.
Our non-Swiss companies may be subject to taxation in Switzerland.
None of our newly acquired companies, except for Flagstone Reassurance Suisse SA and Flagstone Management S.A. are incorporated or managed in Switzerland. Accordingly, none of our other companies should be liable for Swiss corporation taxation unless it carries on business through a permanent establishment in Switzerland. From a Swiss tax perspective, a permanent establishment is a fixed place of business through which a company performs business activities that are considered as being quantitatively and qualitatively significant by the tax authorities, and may include a branch, office, agency or place of management. As of the date of this Annual Report, each of our companies intends to operate in such a manner so that none of our companies, apart from Flagstone Suisse and Flagstone Management S.A., will carry on business through a permanent establishment in Switzerland. If any of our companies were to be treated as carrying on business in Switzerland through a branch or agency or of having a permanent establishment in Switzerland, our results of operations could be adversely affected.
We may be subject to taxation in Luxembourg.
Flagstone Reinsurance (Luxembourg) SARL, Flagstone Finance S.A. and Flagstone Capital Management Luxembourg SICAF are incorporated and carry on business in Luxembourg. However, none of our other companies should be subject to taxation in Luxembourg. If any of our companies were to be treated as carrying on business in Luxembourg through a branch or agency or having a permanent establishment in Luxembourg, our results of operations could be adversely affected.
We may be subject to taxation in India.
None of our companies, except for Flagstone Underwriting Support Services (India) Pvt Ltd, should be treated as being resident in India for corporate tax purposes. Accordingly, none of our other companies should be liable for corporate tax in India unless it receives or is deemed to receive income, from whatever source derived, in India or it has income that arises or accrues (or is deemed to arise or accrue) in India. As of the date of this Annual Report, each of our companies intends to operate in such a manner so that none of our companies, apart from Flagstone Underwriting Support Services (India) Pvt Ltd, receives or is deemed to receive income in India or has income that arises or accrues in India for purposes of corporate tax in India. If any of our companies were to be treated as receiving income in India or earning income that arises or accrues in India, our results of operations could be affected adversely.
Risks Related to Laws and Regulations Applicable to Us
If we become subject to insurance statutes and regulations in addition to the statutes and regulations that currently apply to us, there could be a significant and negative impact on our business.
We currently conduct our business in a manner such that we expect the Company will not be subject to insurance and/or reinsurance licensing requirements or regulations in any jurisdiction other than Bermuda, in limited circumstances, the United States, and, with respect to Talbot, the U.K. and jurisdictions to which Lloyd’s is subject. See “Business—Regulation—United States and Bermuda.” Although we do not currently intend to engage in activities which would require us to comply with insurance and reinsurance licensing requirements of other jurisdictions, should we choose to engage in activities that would require us to become licensed in such jurisdictions, we cannot assure that we will be able to do so or that we will be able to do so in a timely manner. Furthermore, the laws and regulations applicable to direct insurers could indirectly affect us, such as collateral requirements in various U.S. states to enable such insurers to receive credit for reinsurance ceded to us.
The insurance and reinsurance regulatory framework of Bermuda and the insurance of U.S. risk by companies based in Bermuda that are not licensed or authorized in the U.S. have recently become subject to increased scrutiny in many jurisdictions, including the United States. In the past, there have been U.S. Congressional and other initiatives in the United States regarding increased supervision and regulation of the insurance industry, including proposals to supervise and regulate offshore reinsurers. Government regulators are generally concerned with the protection of policyholders rather than other constituencies, such as our shareholders. We are not able to predict the future impact on our operations of changes in the laws and regulations to which we are or may become subject.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Shares
Because we are a holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted by our main operating subsidiaries, Validus Re and Talbot, our ability to meet any ongoing cash requirements and to pay dividends will depend on our ability to obtain cash dividends or other cash payments or obtain loans from Validus Re and Talbot.
We conduct substantially all of our operations through subsidiaries. Our ability to meet our ongoing cash requirements, including any debt service payments or other expenses, and pay dividends on our common shares in the future, will depend on our ability to obtain cash dividends or other cash payments or obtain loans from these subsidiaries and as a result will depend on the financial condition of these subsidiaries. The inability of these subsidiaries to pay dividends in an amount sufficient to enable us to meet our cash requirements could have a material adverse effect on us and the value of our common shares. Each of these subsidiaries is a separate and distinct legal entity that has no obligation to pay any dividends or to lend or advance us funds and may be restricted from doing so by contract, including other financing arrangements, charter provisions or applicable legal and regulatory requirements or rating agency constraints. The payment of dividends by these subsidiaries to us is limited under Bermuda law and regulations. The Insurance Act provides that our Bermuda subsidiaries may not declare or pay in any financial year dividends of more than 25% of its total statutory capital and surplus (as shown on its statutory balance sheet in relation to the previous financial year) unless it files an affidavit with the BMA at least seven days prior to the payment signed by at least two directors and such subsidiary’s principal representative, stating that in their opinion such subsidiaries will continue to satisfy the required margins following declaration of those dividends, though there is no additional requirement for BMA approval. In addition, before reducing its total statutory capital by 15% or more (as set out in its previous years’ statutory financial statements) each of these subsidiaries must make application to the BMA for permission to do so, such application to consist of an affidavit signed by at least two directors and such subsidiary’s principal representative stating that in their opinion the proposed reduction in capital will not cause such subsidiaries to fail to meet its relevant margins, and such other information as the BMA may require. The amounts that are unrestricted net assets and which are available from the Company's subsidiaries for distribution as dividend payments to Validus Holdings, Ltd. without approval of the BMA for Validus Re, Validus Re Americas, Ltd., Talbot Insurance (Bermuda) Ltd. ("TIBL"), AlphaCat Reinsurance, Ltd., PaCRe, Ltd., Flagstone Reassurance Suisse SA (Bermuda Branch) and Mont Fort Re Ltd. were $826.2 million, $nil, $467.3 million, $0.0 million, $nil, $349.4 million and $0.1 million respectively.
The timing and amount of any cash dividends on our common shares are at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our results of operations and cash flows, our financial position and capital requirements, general business conditions, legal, tax, regulatory, rating agency and contractual constraints or restrictions and any other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant. In addition, the indenture governing our Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures would restrict us from declaring or paying dividends on our common shares if we are downgraded by A.M. Best to a financial strength rating of “B” (Fair) or below or if A.M. Best withdraws its financial strength rating on any of our material insurance subsidiaries.
Future sales of our common shares and grants of restricted shares may affect the market price of our common shares and the future exercise of options and warrants may result in immediate and substantial dilution of the common shares.
As of February 13, 2013 (but without giving effect to unvested restricted shares), we had 107,468,544 common shares outstanding and 6,410,472 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants. Approximately 7,875,859 of these outstanding shares were subject to the volume limitations and other conditions of Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which we refer to as the “Securities Act.” Furthermore, certain of our sponsoring shareholders and their transferees have the right to require us to register these common shares under the Securities Act for sale to the public, either in an independent offering pursuant to a demand registration or in conjunction with a public offering, subject to a “lock-up” agreement of no more than 90 days. Following any registration of this type, the common shares to which the registration relates will be freely transferable. In addition, we have filed one or more registration statements on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register common shares issued or reserved for issuance under our 2005 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). The number of common shares that have been reserved for issuance under the Plan is equal to 13,126,896 of which 3,128,443 shares remain available as of December 31, 2012. We cannot predict what effect, if any, future sales of our common shares, or the availability of common shares for future sale, will have on the market price of our common shares. Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares in the public market, or the perception that sales of this type could occur, could depress the market price of our common shares and may make it more difficult for our shareholders to sell their common shares at a time and price that they deem appropriate.
Our Bye-laws authorize our Board of Directors to issue one or more series of common shares and preferred shares without stockholder approval. Specifically, we have an authorized share capital of 571,428,571 shares ($0.175 par value per share), which can consist of common shares and/or preference shares, as determined by our Board of Directors. The Board of Directors has the right to issue the remaining shares without obtaining any approval from our stockholders and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any series or designation of such series. Any issuance of our preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our common shares and could have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing the payment of any dividends (including any liquidating dividends) and any change in control of us. If a significant number of either common or preferred shares are issued, it may cause the market price of our common shares to decline.
Our classified board structure may prevent a change in our control.
Our board of directors is divided into three classes of directors. Each year one class of directors is elected by the shareholders for a three year term. The staggered terms of our directors may reduce the possibility of a tender offer or an attempt at a change in control, even though a tender offer or change in control might be in the best interest of our shareholders.
There are provisions in our Bye-laws that reduce the voting rights of voting common shares that are held by a person or group to the extent that such person or group holds more than 9.09% of the aggregate voting power of all common shares entitled to vote on a matter.
In general, and except as provided below, shareholders have one vote for each voting common share held by them and are entitled to vote at all meetings of shareholders. However, if, and for so long as, the common shares of a shareholder, including any votes conferred by “controlled shares” (as defined below), would otherwise represent more than 9.09% of the aggregate voting power of all common shares entitled to vote on a matter, including an election of directors, the votes conferred by such shares will be reduced by whatever amount is necessary such that, after giving effect to any such reduction (and any other reductions in voting power required by our Bye-laws), the votes conferred by such shares represent 9.09% of the aggregate voting power of all common shares entitled to vote on such matter. “Controlled shares” include, among other things, all shares that a person is deemed to own directly, indirectly or constructively (within the meaning of Section 958 of the Code, or Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). At December 31, 2012, there were 109,365,642 voting common shares, of which 9,941,336 voting common shares would confer votes that represent 9.09% of the aggregate voting power of all common shares entitled to vote generally at an election of directors. An investor who does not hold, and is not deemed under the provisions of our Bye-laws to own, any of our common shares may therefore purchase up to such amount without being subject to voting cutback provisions in our Bye-laws.
In addition, we have the authority under our Bye-laws to request information from any shareholder for the purpose of determining ownership of controlled shares by such shareholder.
There are regulatory limitations on the ownership and transfer of our common shares which could result in the delay or denial of any transfers shareholders might seek to make.
The BMA must approve all issuances and transfers of securities of a Bermuda exempt company. We have received permission from the BMA to issue our common shares, and for the free transferability of our common shares as long as the common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange or other appointed exchange, to and among persons who are residents and non-residents of Bermuda for exchange control purposes. Any other transfers remain subject to approval by the BMA and such approval may be denied or delayed.
A shareholder of our company may have greater difficulties in protecting its interests than as a shareholder of a U.S. corporation.
The Companies Act 1981 (the “Companies Act”), which applies to us, differs in material respects from laws generally applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Taken together with the provisions of our Bye-laws, some of these differences may result in a shareholder having greater difficulties in protecting its interests as a shareholder of our company than it would have as a shareholder of a U.S. corporation. This affects, among other things, the circumstances under which transactions involving an interested director are voidable, whether an interested director can be held accountable for any benefit realized in a transaction with our company, what approvals are required for business combinations by our company with a large shareholder or a wholly owned subsidiary, what rights a shareholder may have as a shareholder to enforce specified provisions of the Companies Act or our Bye-laws, and the circumstances under which we may indemnify our directors and officers.
We are a Bermuda company and it may be difficult for our shareholders to enforce judgments against us or against our directors and executive officers.
We were incorporated under the laws of Bermuda and our business is based in Bermuda. In addition, certain of our directors and officers reside outside the United States, and a portion of our assets and the assets of such persons may be located in jurisdictions outside the United States. As such, it may be difficult or impossible to effect service of process within the United States upon us or those persons, or to recover against us or them on judgments of U.S. courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws. Further, no claim may be brought in Bermuda against us or our directors and officers in the first instance for violation of U.S. federal securities laws because these laws have no extraterritorial application under Bermuda law and do not have force of law in Bermuda; however, a Bermuda court may impose civil liability, including the possibility of monetary damages, on us or our directors and officers if the facts alleged in a complaint constitute or give rise to a cause of action under Bermuda law. Currently, of our executive officers, Joseph E. (Jeff) Consolino, C. Jerome Dill, Jeffrey Sangster, Robert Kuzloski and Lixin Zeng reside in Bermuda, Edward Noonan, Stuart Mercer and Jonathan Ritz maintain residences in both Bermuda and the United States and Rupert Atkin resides in the United Kingdom. Of our directors, Edward Noonan maintains residences in both Bermuda and the United States, Jean-Marie Nessi resides in France, Michael Carpenter resides in the United Kingdom and the remainder reside in the United States.
We have been advised by Bermuda counsel, that there is doubt as to whether the courts of Bermuda would enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions against us or our directors and officers, as well as the experts named herein, predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws, or original actions brought in Bermuda against us or such persons predicated solely upon U.S. federal securities laws. Further, we have been advised by Bermuda counsel that there is no treaty in effect between the United States and Bermuda providing for the enforcement of judgments of U.S. courts in civil and commercial matters, and there are grounds upon which Bermuda courts may decline to enforce the judgments of U.S. courts. Some remedies available under the laws of U.S. jurisdictions, including some remedies available under the U.S. federal securities laws, may not be allowed in Bermuda courts as contrary to public policy in Bermuda. Because judgments of U.S. courts are not automatically enforceable in Bermuda, it may be difficult for our shareholders to recover against us based upon such judgments.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
The Company and its subsidiaries currently occupy office space as described below. As a result of the Flagstone acquisition, we own office space and buildings in Hyderabad, India, Martigny, Switzerland and Luxembourg. We believe our current facilities and the leaseholds with respect thereto are sufficient for us to conduct our operations.
Legal entity | Location | Expiration date | ||
Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Validus Reinsurance, Ltd. | Pembroke, Bermuda | December 31, 2021 | ||
Validus Reinsurance, Ltd. | Hamburg, Germany | January 1, 2014 | ||
Validus Research Inc. | Waterloo, Canada | March 31, 2015 | ||
Validus Research Inc. | Toronto, Canada | March 31, 2013 | ||
Validus Reaseguros, Inc. | Miami, Florida, USA | April 1, 2018 | ||
Validus Services, Inc. | New York, New York, USA | November 8, 2015 | ||
Talbot Underwriting Services (U.S.) Ltd. | New York, New York, USA | November 8, 2015 | ||
Validus Re Americas (New Jersey), Inc. | Princeton, New Jersey, USA | June 30, 2022 | ||
Talbot Holdings Ltd. and Talbot Underwriting Services Ltd. | London, England | June 22, 2024 | ||
Validus Reinsurance, Ltd. | Republic of Singapore | August 31, 2013 | ||
Talbot Risk Services PTE Ltd. | Republic of Singapore | December 31, 2015 | ||
Talbot Underwriting Services (MENA) Ltd. | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | January 31, 2014 | ||
Validus Re Chile S.A. | Santiago, Chile | May 1, 2014 | ||
Flagstone Management Services (Halifax) | Halifax, Canada | July 31, 2014 | ||
Flagstone Bermuda Holdings | Hamilton, Bermuda | June 1, 2016 | ||
Flagstone Reinsurance (Africa) | South Africa | August 31, 2014 | ||
Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings Limited | Hamilton, Bermuda | September 30, 2015 | ||
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Similar to the rest of the insurance and reinsurance industry, we are subject to litigation and arbitration in the ordinary course of business.
Executive Officers of the Company
The following table provides information regarding our executive officers and key employees as of February 15, 2013:
Name | Age | Position | ||
Edward J. Noonan | 54 | Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of the Validus Group | ||
Joseph E. (Jeff) Consolino | 46 | Director, President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
Jeffrey D. Sangster | 40 | Executive Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer | ||
C.N. Rupert Atkin | 54 | Chief Executive Officer of the Talbot Group | ||
Kean D. Driscoll | 39 | Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer of Validus Reinsurance, Ltd. | ||
Andrew E. Kudera | 53 | Executive Vice President and Chief Actuary | ||
Robert F. Kuzloski | 49 | Executive Vice President and General Counsel | ||
Stuart W. Mercer | 53 | Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer | ||
Jonathan P. Ritz | 45 | Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer | ||
Lixin Zeng | 44 | Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer of AlphaCat Managers, Ltd. and Validus Research Inc. | ||
Edward J. Noonan has been Chairman of our Board and the Chief Executive Officer of the Company since its formation. Mr. Noonan has 30 years of experience in the insurance and reinsurance industry, serving most recently as the acting Chief Executive Officer of Global Indemnity plc (Nasdaq: GBLI) from February 2005 through October 2005 and as a member of the Board of Directors from December 2003 to May 2007. Mr. Noonan served as President and Chief Executive Officer of American Re-Insurance Company from 1997 to 2002, having joined American Re in 1983. Mr. Noonan also served as Chairman of Inter-Ocean
Reinsurance Holdings of Hamilton, Bermuda from 1997 to 2002. Mr. Noonan is also a Director of Central Mutual Insurance Company and All American Insurance Company, both of which are property and casualty companies based in Ohio.
Joseph E. (Jeff) Consolino was appointed a director of the Company on October 31, 2012 and is currently President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, a position that he has held since November 2010 and March 2006, respectively. Mr. Consolino has over 18 years of experience in the financial services industry, specifically in providing investment banking services to the insurance industry, and most recently served as a managing director in Merrill Lynch’s Financial Institutions Group specializing in insurance company advisory and financing transactions. He serves as a Director of American Financial Group and of National Interstate Corporation, Ohio based insurance companies, and of AmWINS Group, Inc., a wholesale insurance broker based in North Carolina. Mr. Consolino will be stepping down as President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company effective as of end of day February 15, 2013.
Jeffrey D. Sangster joined the Company in October 2006 and has served in various finance positions during that time, including Executive Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer as well as Chief Financial Officer of Validus Reinsurance, Ltd. and will be appointed as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Validus Holdings, Ltd., effective February 16, 2013. Mr. Sangster has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer of the Company since May 2012. Mr. Sangster is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Bermuda and the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Manitoba.
C. N. Rupert Atkin began his career at the Alexander Howden Group in 1980 before moving to Catlin Underwriting Agencies in 1984. After six years at Catlin he left to join Talbot, then Venton Underwriting Ltd to start Syndicate 1183 as Active Underwriter. In November 2001, Mr. Atkin was made Director of Underwriting. Following the sale of Talbot to Validus in the summer of 2007 Mr. Atkin was appointed as Chief Executive Officer of Talbot. Mr. Atkin has served or is still serving on a variety of market bodies including chairing the Lloyd's Underwriters' Association and Joint War Risk Committee and being a member of the Lloyd's Insurance Services Board, Lloyd's Regulatory Board, Lloyd's Professional Standards Committee and Lloyd's Charities Trust Committee. Mr. Atkin was appointed to the Council of Lloyd's in 2007 and appointed as the Chairman of the Lloyd's Market Association in 2012.
Kean D. Driscoll is the Chief Executive Officer of Validus Reinsurance, Ltd., the reinsurance segment for the Validus Group. He was a founding member of the Company, and previously served as Chief Underwriting Officer. Mr. Driscoll has 17 years of experience as a reinsurance underwriter, and was previously with Quanta Re, and Zurich Re N.A. (Converium). Mr. Driscoll holds a B.A. in Literature from Colgate University, and an M.B.A. from Columbia University, where he graduated with Honors.
Andrew E. Kudera has served as Chief Actuary of the Company since January 2010. Previously, Mr. Kudera operated an independent actuarial consulting firm which served as corporate actuary and loss reserve specialist for Validus Re from its inception through to the end of 2008. Prior to establishing his own consulting firm, Mr. Kudera was the Chief Reserving Actuary for Endurance Specialty Holdings Ltd., a large international insurance and reinsurance company. Mr. Kudera has over 30 years of actuarial and financial management experience in the insurance industry, primarily in a consulting capacity. Mr. Kudera is a Fellow of the Casualty Actuarial Society, a Member of the American Academy of Actuaries, an Associate of the Society of Actuaries, and a Fellow of the Canadian Institute of Actuaries.
Robert F. Kuzloski joined the company in January 2009 and served as Executive Vice President and Chief Corporate Legal Officer of the Company until August of 2012 when he was appointed Executive Vice President and General Counsel of the Company. Prior to joining the Company in January of 2009, Mr. Kuzloski served as Senior Vice President and Assistant General Counsel of XL Capital Ltd. Prior to that, Mr. Kuzloski worked as an attorney at the law firm of Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP where he specialized in general corporate and securities law, mergers and acquisitions and corporate finance.
Stuart W. Mercer has been Executive Vice President of the Company since its formation. Mr. Mercer has over 20 years of experience in the financial industry focusing on structured derivatives, energy finance and reinsurance. Previously, Mr. Mercer was a senior advisor to DTE Energy Trading.
Jonathan P. Ritz serves as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company. Mr. Ritz has over 20 years of experience in the (re)insurance and brokerage industries. Most recently, Mr. Ritz served as Chief Operating Officer of IFG Companies-Burlington Insurance Group. Prior to IFG, Mr. Ritz served as Chief Operating Officer of the specialty lines division of ICAT Holdings LLC. From 2007 to 2008, Mr. Ritz was a Managing Director at Guy Carpenter and from 1997 to 2007 he held various positions with United America Insurance Group including Chief Operating Officer and Senior Vice President of ceded reinsurance.
Lixin Zeng, Ph.D., CFA serves as Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer of AlphaCat Managers, Ltd. and has played a key role in AlphaCat since its formation in 2008. Prior to this role, he was Executive Risk Officer of Validus Reinsurance, Ltd., responsible for developing and executing the catastrophe risk strategy of the entire Validus Group. Mr. Zeng was one of the original eight employees at the founding of the Company in 2005. His prior positions include: Chief Catastrophe Risk Officer at
the ACE Group from 2004 to 2005, Head of Development at Willis Re Inc. from 2001 to 2004, Analyst at EW Blanch Co. from 1998 to 2001 and Research Scientist at Arkwright Mutual Insurance Co from 1996 to 1998. Mr. Zeng has expertise in insurance portfolio optimization and risk management and has published multiple articles in professional journals on related topics. He has a Ph.D. in atmospheric sciences from the University of Washington where he graduated in 1996. He received a B.S. in Meteorology from Beijing University, graduating in 1990 and is a CFA charterholder.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure—Not Applicable
PART II
All amounts presented in this part are in U.S. dollars except as otherwise noted.
Item 5. Market for Registrants, Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Company’s common shares, $0.175 par value per share, are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “VR.”
The following tables sets forth the high and low sales prices per share, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange Composite Tape, of the Company’s common shares per fiscal quarter for the two most recent fiscal years.
High | Low | ||||||
2012: | |||||||
1st Quarter | $ | 32.51 | $ | 29.97 | |||
2nd Quarter | $ | 33.25 | $ | 30.41 | |||
3rd Quarter | $ | 34.91 | $ | 31.62 | |||
4th Quarter | $ | 37.63 | $ | 33.11 | |||
High | Low | ||||||
2011: | |||||||
1st Quarter | $ | 33.72 | $ | 28.86 | |||
2nd Quarter | $ | 34.95 | $ | 29.44 | |||
3rd Quarter | $ | 31.35 | $ | 23.24 | |||
4th Quarter | $ | 31.77 | $ | 23.87 | |||
There were approximately 45 record holders of our common shares as of December 31, 2012. This figure does not represent the actual number of beneficial owners of our common shares because such shares are frequently held in “street name” by securities dealers and others for the benefit of individual owners who may vote the shares.
Performance Graph
Set forth below is a line graph comparing the percentage change in the cumulative total shareholder return, assuming the reinvestment of dividends, over the period from the Company’s IPO on July 25, 2007, through December 31, 2012 as compared to the cumulative total return of the S&P 500 Stock Index and the cumulative total return of an index of the Company’s peer group. The peer group index is comprised of the following companies*: Allied World Assurance Company Holdings, Ltd., Alterra Capital Holdings Limited, Arch Capital Group, Ltd., Argo Group International Holdings, Ltd., Aspen Insurance Holdings Limited, AXIS Capital Holdings Limited, Endurance Specialty Holdings Ltd., Everest Re Group, Ltd., Montpelier Re Holdings Ltd., PartnerRe Ltd., Platinum Underwriters Holdings Ltd., and RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.
Dividend Policy
On February 6, 2013, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had increased the Company's annual dividend by 20% from $1.00 to $1.20 per common share and per common share equivalent. The first quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per common share and $0.30 per common share equivalent is payable on March 29, 2013 to holders of record on March 15, 2013. In addition, the Company announced a special dividend in the amount of $2.00 per common share and $2.00 per common share equivalent for which each outstanding warrant is exercisable, payable on February 26, 2013 to shareholders and warrant holders of record as of February 19, 2013.
We are a holding company and have no direct operations. Our ability to pay dividends depends, in part, on the ability of Validus Re and Talbot to pay dividends to us. As a holding company, Validus Holdings, Ltd.'s principal source of income is dividends or other sources of permitted payments from its subsidiaries. These funds provide the cash flow required for dividend payments to the Company's shareholders. The amount of retained earnings that is unrestricted for the payment of dividends by Validus Holdings, Ltd., to its shareholders was $1,643.0 million as at December 31, 2012. The Bermuda Companies Act 1981 (the “Companies Act”) limits the Company’s ability to pay dividends and distributions to shareholders. Total statutory capital and surplus and total statutory capital of our subsidiaries are relevant to the calculation of retained earnings that are free of restriction for the payment of dividends to Validus Holdings Ltd.
The ability of certain of these subsidiaries to pay dividends to us is limited under Bermuda law and regulations. The Insurance Act provides that each of our Bermuda subsidiaries may not declare or pay, in any financial year, dividends of more than 25% of
its total statutory capital and surplus (as shown on its statutory balance sheet in relation to the previous financial year) unless it files with the BMA at least seven days prior to the payment, an affidavit signed by at least two directors and such subsidiary's principal representative, stating that in their opinion such subsidiary will continue to satisfy the required margins following declaration of those dividends, however, there is no additional requirement for BMA approval. In addition, before reducing its total statutory capital by 15% or more (as set out in its previous years' statutory financial statements) each of these subsidiaries must make application to the BMA for permission to do so, such application to consist of an affidavit signed by at least two directors and such subsidiary's principal representative stating that in their opinion the proposed reduction in capital will not cause such subsidiaries to fail to meet its relevant margins, and such other information as the BMA may require. The Company's primary restrictions on net assets of subsidiaries consist of regulatory requirements placed upon the regulated (re)insurance subsidiaries to hold minimum amounts of total statutory capital and surplus and there were no other material restrictions on net assets in place as of December 31, 2012. These amounts are available for distribution as dividend payments to the Company, subject to approval of the BMA. The amounts that are unrestricted net assets and which are available from the Company's subsidiaries for distribution as dividend payments to Validus Holdings, Ltd. without approval of the BMA for Validus Re, Validus Re Americas, Ltd., TIBL, AlphaCat Reinsurance, Ltd., PaCRe, Ltd., Flagstone Reassurance Suisse SA (Bermuda Branch) and Mont Fort Re Ltd. were $826.2 million, $nil, $467.3 million, $nil, $nil, $349.4 million and $0.1 million respectively.
Talbot manages Syndicate 1183 (the “Syndicate”) at Lloyd’s. Lloyd’s requires Talbot to hold cash and investments in trust for the benefit of policyholders either as Syndicate trust funds or as Funds at Lloyd’s (“FAL”). Talbot may not distribute funds from the Syndicate into its corporate member’s trust accounts unless, firstly, they are represented by audited profits and, secondly, the Syndicate has adequate future cash flow to service its policyholders. Talbot’s corporate member may not distribute funds to Talbot’s unregulated bank or investment accounts unless they are represented by a surplus of cash and investments over the FAL requirement. Additionally, U.K. company law prohibits Talbot’s corporate name from declaring a dividend to the Company unless it has “profits available for distribution”. The determination of whether a company has profits available for distribution is based on its accumulated realized profits less its accumulated realized losses. While the U.K. insurance regulatory laws do not impose statutory restrictions on a corporate name’s ability to declare a dividend, the U.K. Financial Services Authority’s (“FSA”) rules require maintenance of each insurance company’s solvency margin within its jurisdiction.
In addition, the indenture governing our Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures would restrict us from declaring or paying dividends on our common shares if we are downgraded by A.M. Best to a financial strength rating of “B” (Fair) or below or if A.M. Best withdraws its financial strength rating on any of our material insurance subsidiaries. See “Business—Regulation—Bermuda,” “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Shares—Because we are a holding company and substantially all of our operations are conducted by our main operating subsidiaries, Validus Re and Talbot, our ability to meet any ongoing cash requirements and to pay dividends will depend on our ability to obtain cash dividends or other cash payments or obtain loans from Validus Re and Talbot,” “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Company—We depend on ratings by A.M. Best Company. Our financial strength rating could be revised downward, which could affect our standing among brokers and customers, cause our premiums and earnings to decrease and limit our ability to pay dividends on our common shares.”
Share Repurchase Program
The Company has repurchased approximately 43.7 million common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $1,227.1 million from the inception of the share repurchase program to February 13, 2013.
The Company expects the purchases under its share repurchase program to be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing, form and amount of the share repurchases under the program will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, the Company’s capital position relative to internal and rating agency targets, legal requirements and other factors.
On February 6, 2013, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized an increase to the Company's common share repurchase authorization to $500.0 million. This amount is in addition to, and in excess of, the $1,206.8 million of common shares repurchased by the Company through February 6, 2013 under its previously authorized share repurchase program.
The repurchase program may be modified, extended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time. The remaining amount available under the current authorizations is $479.8 million as of February 13, 2013.
Share repurchases include repurchases by the Company of shares, from time to time, from employees in order to facilitate the payment of withholding taxes on restricted shares granted and the exercise of stock appreciation rights. We purchased these shares at their fair market value, as determined by reference to the closing price of our common shares on the day the restricted shares vested or the stock appreciation rights were exercised.
Share Repurchase Activity by Quarter | ||||||||||||||||||||
Effect of share repurchases: | As at December 31, 2011 (cumulative) | Quarter ended March 31, 2012 | Quarter ended June 30, 2012 | Quarter ended September 30, 2012 | Quarter ended December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Aggregate purchase price(a) | $ | 947,170 | $ | 11,308 | $ | 209,944 | $ | 38,423 | $ | — | ||||||||||
Shares repurchased | 35,031,985 | 372,560 | 6,558,884 | 1,174,628 | — | |||||||||||||||
Average price(a) | $ | 27.04 | $ | 30.35 | $ | 32.01 | $ | 32.71 | $ | — | ||||||||||
Estimated net cumulative accretive (dilutive) impact on: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted BV per common share(b) | $ | 1.49 | $ | 1.87 | $ | 2.42 | $ | 1.93 | ||||||||||||
Diluted EPS—Quarter(c) | 0.29 | $ | 0.42 | $ | 0.63 | $ | 0.32 | |||||||||||||
Share Repurchase Activity Post Year End | ||||||||||||||||||||
Effect of share repurchases: | As at December 31, 2012 (cumulative) | January | February | As at February 13, 2013 | Cumulative to Date Effect | |||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Aggregate purchase price(a) | $ | 1,206,845 | $ | — | $ | 20,218 | $ | 20,218 | $ | 1,227,063 | ||||||||||
Shares repurchased | 43,138,057 | — | 550,576 | 550,576 | 43,688,633 | |||||||||||||||
Average price(a) | $ | 27.98 | $ | — | $ | 36.72 | $ | 36.72 | $ | 28.09 | ||||||||||
(a) | Share transactions are on a trade date basis through February 13, 2013 and are inclusive of commissions. Average share price is rounded to two decimal places. |
(b) | As the average price per share repurchased during the periods 2010, 2011 and 2012 was lower than the book value per common share, the repurchase of shares increased the ending book value per share. |
(c) | The estimated impact on diluted earnings per share was calculated by comparing reported results versus i) net income per share plus an estimate of lost net investment income on the cumulative share repurchases divided by ii) weighted average diluted shares outstanding excluding the weighted average impact of cumulative share repurchases. The impact of cumulative share repurchases was accretive to diluted earnings per share. |
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The summary Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income data for the years ended December 31, 2012, December 31, 2011, December 31, 2010, December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 and the summary consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2012, December 31, 2011, December 31, 2010, December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The Company was formed on October 19, 2005 and completed the acquisitions of Talbot, IPC and Flagstone on July 2, 2007, September 4, 2009 and November 30, 2012, respectively. IPC is included in the Company’s consolidated results only for the four months ended December 31, 2009 and subsequent fiscal year ends. IPC is not included in the consolidated results for the year ended December 31, 2008. Flagstone is included in the Company's consolidated results only for the one month ended December 31, 2012. Flagstone is not included in the consolidated results for the years ended December 31, 2011, December 31, 2010, December 31, 2009 or December 31, 2008.
You should read the following summary consolidated financial information together with the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere herein.
Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 2,166,440 | $ | 2,124,691 | $ | 1,990,566 | $ | 1,621,241 | $ | 1,362,484 | |||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (307,506 | ) | (289,241 | ) | (229,482 | ) | (232,883 | ) | (124,160 | ) | |||||||||
Net premiums written | 1,858,934 | 1,835,450 | 1,761,084 | 1,388,358 | 1,238,324 | ||||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 14,282 | (33,307 | ) | 39 | 61,219 | 18,194 | |||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 1,873,216 | 1,802,143 | 1,761,123 | 1,449,577 | 1,256,518 | ||||||||||||||
Gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses (a) | 17,701 | — | — | 287,099 | — | ||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 107,936 | 112,296 | 134,103 | 118,773 | 139,528 | ||||||||||||||
Realized gain on repurchase of debentures | — | — | — | 4,444 | 8,752 | ||||||||||||||
Net realized gains (losses) on investments | 18,233 | 28,532 | 32,498 | (11,543 | ) | (1,591 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments | 17,585 | (19,991 | ) | 45,952 | 84,796 | (79,707 | ) | ||||||||||||
(Loss) from investment affiliate | (964 | ) | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
Other income | 22,396 | 5,718 | 5,219 | 4,634 | 5,264 | ||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (losses) | 4,798 | (22,124 | ) | 1,351 | (674 | ) | (49,397 | ) | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 2,060,901 | 1,906,574 | 1,980,246 | 1,937,106 | 1,279,367 | ||||||||||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 999,446 | 1,244,401 | 987,586 | 523,757 | 772,154 | ||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 334,698 | 314,184 | 292,899 | 262,966 | 234,951 | ||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 263,652 | 197,497 | 209,290 | 185,568 | 123,948 | ||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 26,709 | 34,296 | 28,911 | 27,037 | 27,097 | ||||||||||||||
Finance expenses | 53,857 | 54,817 | 55,870 | 44,130 | 57,318 | ||||||||||||||
Transaction expenses (b) | — | 17,433 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 1,678,362 | 1,862,628 | 1,574,556 | 1,043,458 | 1,215,468 | ||||||||||||||
Net income before taxes and income from operating affiliates | 382,539 | 43,946 | 405,690 | 893,648 | 63,899 | ||||||||||||||
Tax (expense) benefit | (2,501 | ) | (824 | ) | (3,126 | ) | 3,759 | (10,788 | ) | ||||||||||
Income from operating affiliates | 12,580 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Net income | 392,618 | 43,122 | 402,564 | 897,407 | 53,111 | ||||||||||||||
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | 15,820 | (21,793 | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
Net income available to Validus | 408,438 | 21,329 | 402,564 | 897,407 | 53,111 | ||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 3,648 | (1,146 | ) | (604 | ) | 3,007 | (7,809 | ) | |||||||||||
Comprehensive income | $ | 412,086 | $ | 20,183 | $ | 401,960 | $ | 900,414 | $ | 45,302 | |||||||||
Earnings per share | |||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 97,184,110 | 98,607,439 | 116,018,364 | 93,697,194 | 74,677,903 | ||||||||||||||
Diluted | 102,384,923 | 100,928,284 | 120,630,945 | 97,168,409 | 75,819,413 | ||||||||||||||
Basic earnings per share available to common shareholders | $ | 4.13 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 3.41 | $ | 9.51 | $ | 0.62 | |||||||||
Diluted earnings per share available to common shareholders | $ | 3.99 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 3.34 | $ | 9.24 | $ | 0.61 | |||||||||
Cash dividends declared per share | $ | 1.00 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.88 | $ | 0.80 | $ | 0.80 | |||||||||
Selected financial ratios | |||||||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses (c) | 53.4 | % | 69.1 | % | 56.1 | % | 36.1 | % | 61.5 | % | |||||||||
Policy acquisition cost (d) | 17.9 | % | 17.4 | % | 16.6 | % | 18.1 | % | 18.7 | % | |||||||||
General and administrative expense (e) | 15.5 | % | 12.9 | % | 13.5 | % | 14.7 | % | 12.0 | % | |||||||||
Expense ratio (f) | 33.4 | % | 30.3 | % | 30.1 | % | 32.8 | % | 30.7 | % | |||||||||
Combined ratio (g) | 86.8 | % | 99.4 | % | 86.2 | % | 68.9 | % | 92.2 | % | |||||||||
Annualized return on average equity (h) | 11.3 | % | 0.6 | % | 10.8 | % | 31.8 | % | 2.7 | % | |||||||||
The following table sets forth summarized balance sheet data as of December 31, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009 and 2008:
As at December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||||||
Summary Balance Sheet Data: | |||||||||||||||||||
Investments at fair value | $ | 6,764,032 | $ | 5,191,123 | $ | 5,118,859 | $ | 5,388,759 | $ | 2,831,537 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,219,379 | 832,844 | 620,740 | 387,585 | 449,848 | ||||||||||||||
Total assets | 10,020,264 | 7,618,471 | 7,060,878 | 7,019,140 | 4,322,480 | ||||||||||||||
Reserve for losses and loss expenses | 3,517,573 | 2,631,143 | 2,035,973 | 1,622,134 | 1,305,303 | ||||||||||||||
Unearned premiums | 894,362 | 772,382 | 728,516 | 724,104 | 539,450 | ||||||||||||||
Senior notes payable | 247,090 | 246,982 | 246,874 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Debentures payable | 540,709 | 289,800 | 289,800 | 289,800 | 304,300 | ||||||||||||||
Total shareholders’ equity | 4,455,107 | 3,448,425 | 3,504,831 | 4,031,120 | 1,938,734 | ||||||||||||||
Book value per common share (i) | 37.26 | 34.67 | 35.76 | 31.38 | 25.64 | ||||||||||||||
Diluted book value per common share (j) | 35.22 | 32.28 | 32.98 | 29.68 | 23.78 | ||||||||||||||
(a) | The gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses, arises from the acquisition of Flagstone on November 30, 2012 and IPC on September 4, 2009 and is net of transaction related expenses. |
(b) | The transaction expenses relate to cost incurred in connection with the Company’s proposed acquisition of Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. Transaction expenses are primarily comprised of legal, financial advisory and audit related services. |
(c) | The loss and loss expense ratio is calculated by dividing losses and loss expenses by net premiums earned. |
(d) | The policy acquisition cost ratio is calculated by dividing policy acquisition costs by net premiums earned. |
(e) | The general and administrative expense ratio is calculated by dividing the sum of general and administrative expenses and share compensation expenses by net premiums earned. |
(f) | The expense ratio is calculated by combining the policy acquisition cost ratio and the general and administrative expense ratio. |
(g) | The combined ratio is calculated by combining the loss ratio, the policy acquisition cost ratio and the general and administrative expense ratio. |
(h) | Return on average equity is calculated by dividing the net income available to Validus for the period by the average shareholders’ equity available to Validus during the period. Quarterly average shareholders’ equity is the average of the beginning and ending shareholders’ equity balances. Annual average shareholders’ equity is the average of the beginning, ending and intervening quarter end shareholders’ equity balances. |
(i) | Book value per common share is defined as total shareholders’ equity available to Validus divided by the number of common shares outstanding as at the end of the period, giving no effect to dilutive securities. |
(j) | Diluted book value per common share is calculated based on total shareholders’ equity available to Validus plus the assumed proceeds from the exercise of outstanding options and warrants, divided by the sum of common shares, unvested restricted shares, options and warrants outstanding (assuming their exercise). |
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following is a discussion and analysis of the Company’s consolidated results of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 and the Company’s consolidated financial condition, liquidity and capital resources at December 31, 2012 and 2011. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere within this filing.
For a variety of reasons, the Company’s historical financial results may not accurately indicate future performance. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” The Risk Factors set forth in Item 1A above present a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained herein.
Executive Overview
The Company conducts its operations worldwide through three operating segments which have been determined under U.S. GAAP segment reporting, Validus Re, Talbot and AlphaCat. The Company, provides reinsurance, insurance and insurance linked securities fund management. Validus Re is a Bermuda based reinsurer focused on short tail lines of reinsurance. Talbot is the Bermuda parent of the specialty insurance group primarily operating within the Lloyd's insurance market through Syndicate 1183. AlphaCat is a Bermuda based investment adviser, managing third-party capital in insurance linked securities and other investments in the property catastrophe reinsurance space.
The Company’s strategy has been to concentrate primarily on short-tail risks, which has been an area where management believes current prices and terms provide an attractive risk adjusted return and the management team has proven expertise. The Company’s profitability in any given period is based upon premium and investment revenues, less net losses and loss expenses, acquisition expenses and operating expenses. Financial results in the insurance and reinsurance industry are influenced by the frequency and/or severity of claims and losses, including as a result of catastrophic events, changes in interest rates, financial markets and general economic conditions, the supply of insurance and reinsurance capacity and changes in legal, regulatory and judicial environments.
On April 2, 2012, the Company capitalized PaCRe, a new Class 4 Bermuda reinsurer formed for the purpose of writing high excess property catastrophe reinsurance. PaCRe was funded with $500.0 million of contributed capital. Validus invested $50.0 million in PaCRe's common equity. The Company will underwrite business for PaCRe, for which it will be paid a profit commission based on PaCRe's underwriting results. As Validus Re holds a majority of PaCRe's outstanding voting rights, the financial statements of PaCRe are included in the consolidated financial statements for the Company. The portion of PaCRe's earnings attributable to third party investors for the year ended December 31, 2012 is recorded in the consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as "Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest."
On May 29, 2012, the Company announced that it has joined with other investors in capitalizing AlphaCat Re 2012. AlphaCat Re 2012 is a new special purpose reinsurer formed for the purpose of writing collateralized reinsurance with a particular focus on windstorm risks for Florida domiciled insurance companies. AlphaCat Re 2012 was funded with $70.0 million of equity capital. The Company will underwrite business for AlphaCat Re 2012, for which it will be paid a commission for originating the business and a profit commission based on underwriting results. Validus Re has an equity interest and voting rights in AlphaCat Re 2012 which is below 50%, therefore the investment in AlphaCat Re 2012 is included as an equity method investment in the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
On November 30, 2012, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Flagstone, strengthening the Company's leading property catastrophe reinsurance and short-tail specialty insurance platform. For segmental reporting purposes, the results of Flagstone’s operations since the acquisition date have been included within the Validus Re segment in the consolidated financial statements.
On December 17, 2012, the Company joined with other investors in capitalizing AlphaCat 2013, a new special purpose vehicle formed for the purpose of investing in collateralized reinsurance. AlphaCat 2013 was funded with $230.0 million of contributed capital. Validus Re has an equity interest and voting rights in AlphaCat 2013 which is below 50%, therefore the investment in AlphaCat 2013 is included as an equity method investment in the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
On December 17, 2012, the Company also received $219.4 million of third party subscriptions for AlphaCat Insurance Linked Securities ("ILS") Funds.
Written premiums are a function of the number and type of contracts written and the prevailing market prices. Renewal dates for reinsurance business tend to be concentrated at the beginning of quarters, with the timing of premiums written varying by line of business. Most property catastrophe business incepts January 1, April 1, June 1 and July 1 with an annual policy, while most insurance and specialty lines renewals are more evenly spread throughout the year. Written premiums are generally highest in the first quarter and lowest during the fourth quarter of the year. Gross premiums written for pro rata programs are initially recorded as estimates and are then adjusted as actual results become known. Pro rata reinsurance is a type of reinsurance whereby the reinsurer indemnifies the policyholder against a predetermined portion of losses in return for a proportional share of the direct premiums. Premiums are then generally earned over a 24 month period and paid in monthly or quarterly installments.
The following are the primary lines in which the Company conducts business:
Property: Validus Re underwrites property catastrophe reinsurance, property per risk reinsurance and property pro rata reinsurance. Property catastrophe includes reinsurance for insurance companies’ exposures to an accumulation of property and related losses from separate policies, typically relating to natural disasters or other catastrophic events. Property per risk provides reinsurance for insurance companies’ excess retention on individual property and related risks, such as highly-valued buildings. In property pro rata contracts the reinsurer shares the premiums as well as the losses and expenses in an agreed proportion with
the cedant. AlphaCat underwrites property catastrophe reinsurance. Talbot primarily writes direct and facultative property insurance, lineslips and binding authorities and property treaty. The business written is principally onshore energy, commercial and industrial insurance. The business is short-tail with premiums generally earned within one year and claims generally paid within two years.
Marine: The Company underwrites insurance and reinsurance on marine risks covering damage to or losses of marine vessels or cargo, yachts and marinas, third-party liability for marine accidents and physical loss and liability from principally offshore energy properties. Talbot underwrites both marine treaty reinsurance and insurance on a direct and facultative basis. Validus Re underwrites marine reinsurance on an excess of loss basis, and to a lesser extent, on a pro rata basis.
Specialty: The Company underwrites other specialty lines with very limited exposure correlation with its property, marine and energy portfolios. Validus Re underwrites other lines of business depending on an evaluation of pricing and market conditions, which include aerospace, terrorism, life and accident & health and workers’ compensation catastrophe. With the exception of the aerospace line of business, which has a meaningful portion of its gross premiums written volume on a proportional basis, Validus Re’s other specialty lines are primarily written on an excess of loss basis. Talbot underwrites war, political risks, political violence, financial institutions, contingency, accident and health, and aviation. Most of the Talbot specialty business is written on a direct or facultative basis or through a binding authority or coverholder in conjunction with a significant aviation treaty account.
Income from the Company’s investment portfolio primarily comprises interest income on fixed maturity investments net of investment expenses and net realized/unrealized gains/losses on investments. A significant portion of the Company’s contracts provide short-tail coverage for damages resulting mainly from natural and man-made catastrophes, which means that the Company could become liable for a significant amount of losses on short notice. Accordingly, the Company has structured its investment portfolio to preserve capital and maintain a high level of liquidity, which means that the large majority of the Company’s investment portfolio consists of short-term fixed maturity investments. The Company’s fixed income investments are classified as trading. Under U.S. GAAP, these securities are carried at fair value, and unrealized gains and losses are included in net income in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
The Company’s expenses consist primarily of losses and loss expenses, acquisition costs, general and administrative expenses, and finance expenses related to debentures, senior notes and our credit facilities.
Losses and loss expenses are a function of the amount and type of insurance and reinsurance contracts written and of the loss experience of the underlying risks. Reserves for losses and loss expenses include a component for outstanding case reserves for claims which have been reported and a component for losses incurred but not reported. The uncertainties inherent in the reserving process, together with the potential for unforeseen developments, may result in losses and loss expenses materially different than the reserve initially established. Changes to prior year loss reserves will affect current underwriting results by increasing net income if a portion of the prior year reserves prove to be redundant or decreasing net income if the prior year reserves prove to be insufficient. Adjustments resulting from new information will be reflected in income in the period in which they become known. The Company’s ability to estimate losses and loss expenses accurately, and the resulting impact on contract pricing, is a critical factor in determining profitability.
Since most of the lines of business underwritten have large aggregate exposures to natural and man-made catastrophes, the Company expects that claims experience will often be the result of irregular and significant events. The occurrence of claims from catastrophic events is likely to result in substantial volatility in, and could potentially have a material adverse effect on, the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and ability to write new business. The business written by Talbot helps to mitigate these risks by providing us with significant benefits in terms of product line and geographic diversification.
Acquisition costs consist principally of brokerage expenses and commissions which are driven by contract terms on reinsurance contracts written, and are normally a specific percentage of premiums. Under certain contracts, cedants may also receive profit commissions which will vary depending on the loss experience on the contract. Acquisition costs are presented net of commissions or fees received on any ceded premium.
General and administrative expenses are generally comprised of expenses which do not vary with the amount of premiums written or losses incurred. Applicable expenses include salaries and benefits, professional fees, office expenses, risk management, and stock compensation expenses. Stock compensation expenses include costs related to the Company’s long-term incentive plan, under which restricted stock are granted to certain employees.
Business Outlook and Trends
We underwrite global specialty property insurance and reinsurance and have large aggregate exposures to natural and man-made disasters. The occurrence of claims from catastrophic events results in substantial volatility, and can have material adverse effects on the Company’s financial condition and results and ability to write new business. This volatility affects results for the
period in which the loss occurs because U.S. accounting principles do not permit reinsurers to reserve for such catastrophic events until they occur. Catastrophic events of significant magnitude historically have been relatively infrequent, although management believes the property catastrophe reinsurance market has experienced a higher level of worldwide catastrophic losses in terms of both frequency and severity in the period from 1992 to the present. We also expect that increases in the values and concentrations of insured property will increase the severity of such occurrences in the future. The Company seeks to reflect these trends when pricing contracts.
Property and other reinsurance premiums have historically risen in the aftermath of significant catastrophic losses. As loss reserves are established, industry surplus is depleted and the industry’s capacity to write new business diminishes. At the same time, management believes that there is a heightened awareness of exposure to natural catastrophes on the part of cedants, rating agencies and catastrophe modeling firms, resulting in an increase in the demand for reinsurance protection. The global property and casualty insurance and reinsurance industry has historically been highly cyclical. Since 2007, increased capital provided by new entrants or by the commitment of capital by existing insurers and reinsurers increased the supply of insurance and reinsurance which resulted in a softening on rates on most lines. During 2010 there was an increased level of catastrophe activity, principally the Chilean earthquake and the Deepwater Horizon events but the Company continued to see increased competition and decreased premium rates in most classes of business.
During the January 2011 renewal season, Validus Re increased gross premiums written on its U.S. Cat XOL lines and decreased gross premiums written in the proportional lines. In addition, Validus Re decreased gross premiums written in the International Property lines as market conditions dictated. In the aftermath of 2010’s Deepwater Horizon loss, Validus Re saw additional opportunities and rate increases in the marine lines. Within its specialty lines, Validus Re increased gross premiums written in the terrorism lines among other sub-classes. Until the third quarter of 2011, premiums within Talbot remained relatively stable, then significant price increases were seen across offshore energy, onshore energy and property classes. Most other classes also experienced low level rate increases as the Lloyd’s market responded to the year’s highly publicized catastrophes (including the Christchurch earthquake, Brisbane floods, Tohuku earthquake and the Thailand floods) together with high frequency risk losses. These increases were offset by some pricing pressure remaining in places, resulting in an overall price increase at a whole account level of 3.1% for the year.
During the January 2012 renewal season, the Validus Re segment showed rate improvement relative to 2011. This improvement was largely due to the large catastrophe loss activity during 2011. During the first quarter of 2012, Talbot experienced rate increases in loss affected lines without seeing a systemic rise in rates across all lines. During the July 2012 renewal period, the Validus Re segment experienced rate improvements in the U.S. property lines while European and Latin American property rates were unchanged. The Talbot segment experienced a rate increase of 2.7% against a planned rate movement of 2% across the portfolio, with marine treaty, property and energy related lines outperforming the plan.
During the January 2013 renewal season, the Validus Re and AlphaCat segments underwrote $655.7 million in gross premiums written, an increase of 12.7% from the prior year period. This increase is driven primarily by an increase in gross premiums written in the specialty lines. This renewal data does not include Talbot’s operations as its business is distributed relatively evenly throughout the year.
Financial Measures
The Company believes the following financial indicators are important in evaluating performance and measuring the overall growth in value generated for shareholders:
Annualized return on average equity represents the level of net income available to shareholders generated from the average shareholders’ equity during the period. Annualized return on average equity is calculated by dividing the net income available to Validus for the period by the average shareholders’ equity available to Validus during the period. Average shareholders’ equity is the average of the beginning, ending and intervening quarter end shareholders’ equity balances. The Company’s objective is to generate superior returns on capital that appropriately reward shareholders for the risks assumed and to grow revenue only when returns meet or exceed internal requirements. Details of annualized return on average equity are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||
Annualized return on average equity | (9.5 | )% | 3.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 0.6 | % | 10.8 | % | |||||
The decrease in annualized return on average equity was driven primarily by a decrease in net income available to Validus for the three months ended December 31, 2012. Net income available to Validus for the three months ended December 31, 2012 decreased by $118.0 million, or 432.0% compared to the three months ended December 31, 2011 due primarily to losses incurred
on Hurricane Sandy. Net income available to Validus for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased by $387.1 million, compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 due primarily to the decreased impact of notable loss events for the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011.
Diluted book value per common share is considered by management to be an appropriate measure of our returns to common shareholders, as we believe growth in our book value on a diluted basis ultimately translates into growth of our stock price. Diluted book value per common share after dividends paid, increased by $2.94, or 9.1%, from $32.28 at December 31, 2011 to $35.22 at December 31, 2012. The increase was due to the income generated during the year ended December 31, 2012. Diluted book value per common share is a Non-GAAP financial measure. The most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure is book value per common share. Diluted book value per common share is calculated based on total shareholders’ equity plus the assumed proceeds from the exercise of outstanding options and warrants, divided by the sum of common shares, unvested restricted shares, options and warrants outstanding (assuming their exercise). A reconciliation of diluted book value per common share to book value per common share is presented below in the section entitled “Other Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Cash dividends per common share are an integral part of the value created for shareholders. The Company declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.25 per common share and common share equivalent in each of the four quarters of 2012. On February 6, 2013, the Company announced an increase in the quarterly cash dividend to $0.30 per common share and $0.30 per common share equivalent for which each outstanding warrant is exercisable, payable on March 29, 2013 to holders of record on March 15, 2013. In addition, the Company announced a special dividend in the amount of $2.00 per common share and $2.00 per common share equivalent for which each outstanding warrant is exercisable, payable on February 26, 2013 to shareholders and warrant holders of record as of February 19, 2013.
Underwriting income measures the performance of the Company’s core underwriting function, excluding revenues and expenses such as net investment income (loss), other income, finance expenses, net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments, foreign exchange gains (losses), gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses and transaction expenses. The Company believes the reporting of underwriting income enhances the understanding of our results by highlighting the underlying profitability of the Company’s core insurance and reinsurance operations. Underwriting loss for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was $(113.1) million and underwriting income for the three months ended December 31, 2011 was $12.8 million. Underwriting income for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $248.7 million and $11.8 million, respectively. Underwriting income is a Non-GAAP financial measure as described in detail and reconciled to net income in the section below entitled “Underwriting (Loss) Income.”
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported and disclosed amounts of assets and liabilities, as well as disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as at the balance sheet date and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management believes the following accounting policies are critical to the Company’s financial reporting as the application of these policies requires management to make significant judgments. Management believes the items that require the most subjective and complex estimates are (1) reserve for losses and loss expenses, (2) premiums, (3) reinsurance premiums ceded and reinsurance recoverable and (4) investment valuation.
Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses
Description: We believe that the most significant accounting judgment made by management is our estimate of reserve for losses and loss expenses. The Company establishes its reserve for losses and loss expenses to cover the estimated remaining liability incurred for both reported claims (“case reserves”) and unreported amounts (“incurred but not reported” or “IBNR reserves”). For insurance and reinsurance business, the IBNR reserves include provision for loss incidents that have occurred but have not yet been reported to the Company as well as for future variation in case reserves (where the claim has been reported but the ultimate cost is not yet known). The provision for future variation in current case reserves is generally calculated using actuarial estimates of total IBNR at the aggregated line of business level. Additional individual claim IBNR amounts are sometimes calculated for larger claims within our insurance and reinsurance businesses.Within the reinsurance business, the portion of total IBNR related to future variation on known claims is calculated at the individual claim level in some instances (either as an additional case reserve or individual claim IBNR). Within the insurance business, the provision for future variation in current case reserves is generally calculated using actuarial estimates of total IBNR, while individual claim IBNR amounts are sometimes calculated for larger claims. For AlphaCat, Talbot and Validus Re, IBNR is established separately for certain large or catastrophe losses and smaller “attritional” losses. The Company has procedures in place to aggregate large or catastrophe losses on a consolidated basis for financial reporting and disclosure purposes. For disclosure purposes, only those loss events which aggregate to over $15.0 million on a consolidated basis are disclosed separately and included in the reserve for notable loss events and reserve for development
on events tables. Notable loss events are first determined at the respective operating segments based on segment thresholds and are then aggregated and disclosed if it is determined that they reach the consolidated threshold for notable loss disclosure.
For all lines of business, the Company’s reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses and loss reserves recoverable consist of three categories: (1) case reserves, (2) in certain circumstances, additional case reserves (ACR), and (3) IBNR reserves. The reserves and recoverables for attritional and large or catastrophe losses are established on an annual and interim basis as follows:
1.Case reserves: Case reserves generally are analyzed and established by each segment’s claims department on all lines, making use of third party input where appropriate (including, for the reinsurance business, reports of losses from ceding companies). For insurance business where Talbot is not the lead underwriter on the business, the case reserves are established by the lead underwriter and validated by the central Lloyd’s market claims bureau, with a sample reviewed by Talbot.
2.ACR reserves: ACRs are established for AlphaCat and Validus Re business by our claims department in cases where we believe the case reserves reported by the cedant require adjustment. ACRs supplement case reserves based on information obtained through ceding company audits or other sources. ACRs are not generally used at Talbot as claim volumes are generally greater and thus the potential for future variation in case reserve estimates on known claims often can be analyzed at an aggregate level using historical data.
3.IBNR reserves:
a.Large or catastrophe events—IBNR reserves are established for all lines based on each segment’s estimates for known loss events for which not all claims have been reported to the Company. In establishing such IBNR reserves, the Company accumulates loss information from modeling agencies, where possible, publicly available sources and information contained in client reports and estimates. The loss information is applied to the Company’s book of in-force contracts to establish an estimate of the Company’s ultimate exposure to the loss event. For some large loss events, the Company estimates an ultimate loss expectation for the individual event. Paid losses, case reserves and any additional case reserves are then deducted from the ultimate loss to ascertain the IBNR estimate for these individual large claims or catastrophe events. The size of event for which the Company establishes a separate ultimate loss estimate may vary based on an assessment of the materiality of the event, as well as on other factors.
b.Attritional losses—IBNR reserves are established using some combination of the actuarial methods described above, including the Chain Ladder method, the Generalized Cape Cod method and the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method. In situations where limited historic development data is available and/or the year being analyzed is more recent (less mature), the expected loss method and the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method are more commonly used. Under all methods used at AlphaCat, Talbot and Validus Re, an ultimate loss amount is established. Paid losses, case reserves and any additional case reserves are then deducted from the ultimate loss to ascertain the attritional IBNR reserves.
For all sources of IBNR, net reserves are estimated by first estimating gross IBNR reserves, then estimating reinsurance recoverables on IBNR.
Judgments and Uncertainties: Loss reserve estimates for insurance and reinsurance business are not precise in that they deal with the inherent uncertainty in the outcome of insurance and reinsurance claims made on the Company, many of which have not yet been reported to the Company. Estimating loss reserves requires management to make assumptions, both explicit and implicit, regarding future paid and reported loss development patterns, frequency and severity trends, claims settlement practices, potential changes in the legal environment and other factors. These estimates and judgments are based on numerous factors, and may be revised over time as additional experience or other data becomes available, as new or improved methodologies are developed or as current laws change.
As predominantly a broker market insurer and reinsurer, the Company must rely on loss information reported to us by brokers from clients, where such information is often incomplete or changing. The quality and type of information received varies by client and by the nature of the business, insurance or reinsurance.
In the insurance business, for risks that the Company leads, the Company receives from brokers details of potential claims, on the basis of which the Company’s loss adjusters make estimates of the likely ultimate outcome of the claims. In determining these reserves, the Company takes into account a number of factors including the facts and circumstances of the individual claim, the nature of the coverage and historical information about its experience on similar types of claims. For insurance business where another company is the lead, the case reserves are established by the lead underwriter and validated centrally by the Lloyd’s market claims bureau, with a sample reviewed by the Company. The sum of the individual claim estimates for lead and follow business constitutes the case reserves.
For reinsurance business, the Company typically receives from brokers details of paid losses and estimated case reserves recorded by the ceding company. In addition to this, the ceding company’s estimated provision for IBNR losses is sometimes also available, although this in itself introduces additional uncertainty owing to the differing and typically unknown reserving practices of ceding companies.
There will also be a time lag between a loss occurring and it being reported, first by the original claimant to its insurer, via the insurance broker, and for reinsurance business, subsequently from the insurer to the reinsurer via the reinsurance broker.
The Company writes a mix of predominantly short-tail business, both insurance and reinsurance. The combination of low claim frequency and high claim severity that is characteristic of much of this short-tail business makes the available data more volatile and less reliable for predicting ultimate losses. For example, in property lines, there can be additional uncertainty in loss estimation related to large catastrophe events, whether natural or man-made. With wind events, such as hurricanes, the damage assessment process may take more than a year. The cost of claims is also subject to volatility due to supply shortages for construction materials and labor. In the case of earthquakes, the damage assessment process may take longer as buildings are discovered to have structural weaknesses not initially detected.
The Company also writes longer tail insurance lines of business, predominantly financial institutions ($35.8 million of gross premiums written on a claims made basis) and marine and energy liabilities ($60.3 million of gross premiums substantially written on a losses occurring basis) for the year ended December 31, 2012. These longer tail lines represent 8.9% of Talbot’s gross premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2012. For marine and energy liability, the time from the occurrence of a claim to its first report to the Company can also be years. For both marine and energy liability and financial institutions, the subsequent time between reporting of a claim and its settlement can be years. In these intervening periods between occurrence, reporting and settlement, additional facts regarding individual claims and trends often will become known and current laws and case law may change, affecting the ultimate value of the claim.
Taken together, these issues add considerable uncertainty to the process of estimating ultimate losses, hence loss reserves, and this uncertainty is increased for reinsurance business compared with insurance business due to the additional parties in the chain of reporting from the original claimant to the reinsurer.
As a result of the uncertainties described above, the Company must estimate IBNR reserves, which consist of a provision for future development on known loss events, as well as a provision for claims which have occurred but which have not yet been reported to us by clients. Because of the degree of reliance that is necessarily placed on brokers and (re)insured companies for claims reporting, the associated time lag, the low frequency/high severity nature of much of the business underwritten, the rapidly emerging and changing nature of facts and circumstances surrounding large events and, for reinsurance business, the varying reserving practices among ceding companies as described above, reserve estimates are highly dependent on management’s judgment and are subject to uncertainty.
The Company strives to take account of these uncertainties in the judgments and assumptions made when establishing loss reserves, but it is not possible to eliminate the uncertainties. As a result, there is a risk that the Company’s actual losses may be higher or lower than the reserves booked.
For the Company’s insurance business written by Talbot, where a longer reserving history exists, the Company examines the development of its own historical paid and incurred losses to identify trends, which it then incorporates into the reserving process where it deems appropriate.
For the Company’s reinsurance business, especially that written by Validus Re where the Company relies more heavily on information provided by clients in order to assist it in estimating reserves, the Company performs certain processes in order to help assess the completeness and accuracy of such information as follows:
1.In addition to information received from clients on reported claims, the Company also uses information on the patterns of client loss reporting and loss settlements from previous events in order to estimate the Company’s ultimate liability related to these events;
2.The Company uses reinsurance industry information in order to perform consistency checks on the data provided by ceding companies and to identify trends in loss reporting and settlement activity. Where it deems appropriate, the Company incorporates such information in establishing reinsurance reserves; and
3.For both insurance and reinsurance business, the Company supplements the loss information received from clients with loss estimates developed by market share techniques and third party catastrophe models when such information is available.
Although there is normally a lag in receiving reinsurance data from cedants, the Company currently has no backlog related to the processing of assumed reinsurance information. The Company actively manages its relationships with brokers and clients and considers existing disputes with counterparties to be in the normal course of business.
As described above, the reserve for losses and loss expenses includes both a component for outstanding case reserves for claims which have been reported and a component for IBNR reserves. IBNR reserves are the difference between ultimate losses and reported losses, where reported losses are the sum of paid losses and outstanding case reserves. Ultimate losses are estimated by management using various actuarial methods, including exposure-based and loss-based methods, as well as other qualitative assessments regarding claim trends.
The Company uses a reserving methodology that establishes a point estimate for ultimate losses. The point estimate represents management’s best estimate of ultimate losses and loss expenses. The Company does not select a range as part of its loss reserving process. The extent of reliance on management judgment in the reserving process differs depending on the circumstances surrounding the estimations, including the volume and credibility of data, the perceived relevance of historical data to future conditions, the stability or level of stability in the Company’s operational processes for handling losses (including claims practices and systems) and other factors. The Company reviews its reserving assumptions and methodologies on a quarterly basis. Two of the most critical assumptions in establishing reserves are loss emergence patterns and expected loss ratios. Loss emergence patterns are critical to the reserving process as they can be one key indicator of the ultimate liability. A pattern of reported loss emergence which is different from expectations may indicate a change in the loss climate and may thus influence the estimate of future payments that should be reflected in reserves. Expected loss ratios are a primary component in the Company’s calculation of estimated ultimate losses for business at an early stage in its development.
Loss emergence patterns for the business written by Talbot are generally derived from Talbot’s own historic loss development triangulations, supplemented in some instances by Lloyd’s market data. For the business written by Validus Re, where its own historic loss development triangulations are currently more limited, greater use is made of market data including reinsurance industry data available from organizations such as statistical bureaus and consulting firms, where appropriate. Expected loss ratios are estimated in a variety of ways, largely dependent upon the data available. Wherever it deems appropriate, management incorporates the Company’s own loss experience in establishing initial expected loss ratios and reserves. This is particularly true for the business written by Talbot where a longer reserving history exists and expected losses and loss ratios consider, among other things, rate increases and changes in terms and conditions that have been observed in the market. For reinsurance business, expected losses and loss ratios are typically developed using vendor and proprietary computer models. The information used in these models is collected by underwriters and actuaries during the initial pricing of the business.
The Company has large catastrophe event ultimate loss reserve estimation procedures for the investigation, analysis, and estimation of ultimate losses resulting from large catastrophe events. The determination regarding which events follow these procedures is made by members of senior management from relevant departments within the Company. The procedures are designed to facilitate the communication of information between various relevant functions and provide an efficient approach to determining the estimated loss for the event.
In developing estimates for large catastrophe events, the Company considers various sources of information including: specific loss estimates reported by our cedants and policyholders, ceding company and overall insurance industry loss estimates reported by our brokers and by claims reporting services, proprietary and third party vendor models and internal data regarding insured or reinsured exposures related to the geographical location of the event. Use of these various sources enables management to estimate the ultimate loss for known events with a higher degree of accuracy and timeliness than if the Company relied solely on one data source. Indicated ultimate loss estimates for catastrophe events are compiled by a committee of management, and these indicated ultimate losses are incorporated into the process of selecting management’s best estimate of reserves.
As with large catastrophe events, the Company separately estimates ultimate losses for certain large claims using a number of methods, including estimation based on vendor models, analyses of specific industry occurrences and facts, as well as information from cedants and policyholders on individual contract involvements.
During 2010 and 2011, given the complexity and severity of notable loss events, an explicit reserve for potential development on 2010 and 2011 notable loss events (RDE) was included within the Company's IBNR reserving process. As uncertainties surrounding initial estimates on notable loss events develop, it is expected that this reserve will be allocated to specific notable loss events. No RDE was established for 2012 notable losses.
The requirement for a reserve for potential development on notable loss events in a quarter is a function of (a) the number of significant events occurring in that quarter and (b) the complexity and volatility of those events. Complexity and volatility factors considered are as follows:
•Contract complexity;
• Nature and number of perils arising from an event;
• Limits and sub limits exposed;
• Quality, timing and flow of information received from each loss;
• Timing of receipt of information to the Company;
• Information regarding retrocessional covers;
• Assumptions, both explicit and implicit, regarding future paid and reported loss development patterns;
• Frequency and severity trends;
• Claims settlement practices; and
• Potential changes in the legal environment.
Each of these factors may lead to associated volatility for each notable loss event as well as consideration of the total reserve for loss events in the aggregate. Consequently, all of these factors are considered in the aggregate for the events occurring in the quarter, recognizing that it is more likely that one or some of the events may deteriorate significantly, rather than all deteriorating proportionately. The establishment of each quarter's requirement for a reserve for potential development on notable loss events takes place as part of the quarterly evaluation of the Company's overall reserve requirements. It is not directly linked in isolation to any one significant/notable loss in the quarter. The reserve for potential development on notable loss events is evaluated by our in-house actuaries as part of their normal process in setting of indicated reserves for the quarter. In ensuing quarters the senior management and the in-house actuaries revisit and re-estimate certain events previously considered in the catastrophe loss event process as well as events that have subsequently emerged in the current quarter. To the extent that there has been adverse development on a notable loss event, if there is RDE remaining from that accident year, an allocation from the respective accident year RDE will be made to the notable loss event. If there is no remaining RDE relating to the accident year of the loss, then adverse development will be recorded for the notable loss event.
Changes to the reserve for potential development on notable loss events will be considered in light of changes to previous loss estimates from notable losses in this re-estimation process.To the extent that there are continued complexity and volatility factors relating to notable loss events in the aggregate, additions to the RDE may be established for a specific accident year, as illustrated in the RDE roll forward table below.
Management’s loss estimates are subject to annual corroborative review by independent external actuaries using generally accepted actuarial techniques and other analytical and qualitative methods.
The Company’s reserving methodology was not changed materially in the year ended December 31, 2012 from the methodology used in the year ended December 31, 2011 for either Validus Re, AlphaCat or Talbot. Management’s best estimate of the gross reserve for losses and loss expenses and loss reserves recoverable at December 31, 2012 were $3,517.6 million and $440.0 million, respectively. The following table sets forth a breakdown between gross case reserves and gross IBNR by segment at December 31, 2012.
As at December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Case Reserves | Gross IBNR | Total Gross Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses | |||||||||
Validus Re | $ | 1,009,434 | $ | 1,113,461 | $ | 2,122,895 | ||||||
AlphaCat | 5,000 | — | 5,000 | |||||||||
Talbot | 760,149 | 720,158 | 1,480,307 | |||||||||
Eliminations | (55,485 | ) | (35,144 | ) | (90,629 | ) | ||||||
Total | $ | 1,719,098 | $ | 1,798,475 | $ | 3,517,573 | ||||||
Management’s best estimate of the gross reserve for losses and loss expenses and loss reserves recoverable at December 31, 2011 were $2,631.1 million and $372.5 million, respectively. The following table sets forth a breakdown between gross case reserves and gross IBNR by segment at December 31, 2011.
As at December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Case Reserves | Gross IBNR | Total Gross Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses | |||||||||
Validus Re | $ | 765,299 | $ | 585,550 | $ | 1,350,849 | ||||||
AlphaCat | — | 10,000 | 10,000 | |||||||||
Talbot | 703,965 | 673,596 | 1,377,561 | |||||||||
Eliminations | (54,822 | ) | (52,445 | ) | (107,267 | ) | ||||||
Total | $ | 1,414,442 | $ | 1,216,701 | $ | 2,631,143 | ||||||
To the extent insurance and reinsurance industry data is relied upon to aid in establishing reserve estimates, there is a risk that the data may not match the Company’s risk profile or that the industry’s reserving practices overall differ from those of the Company and its clients. In addition, reserving can prove especially difficult should a significant loss event take place near the end of an accounting period, particularly if it involves a catastrophic event. These factors further contribute to the degree of uncertainty in the reserving process.
The uncertainties inherent in the reserving process, together with the potential for unforeseen developments, including changes in laws and the prevailing interpretation of policy terms, may result in losses and loss expenses materially different from the reserves initially established. Changes to prior year reserves will affect current period underwriting income by increasing income if the prior year ultimate losses are reduced or decreasing income if the prior year ultimate losses are increased. The Company expects volatility in results in periods when significant loss events occur because U.S. GAAP does not permit insurers or reinsurers to reserve for loss events until they have both occurred and are expected to give rise to a claim. As a result, the Company is not allowed to record contingency reserves to account for expected future losses. The Company anticipates that claims arising from future events will require the establishment of substantial reserves in future periods.
Effect if Actual Results Differ From Assumptions: Given the risks and uncertainties associated with the process for estimating reserves for losses and loss expenses, management has performed an evaluation of the potential variability in loss reserves and the impact this variability may have on reported results, financial condition and liquidity. Because of the inherent uncertainties discussed above, we have developed a reserving philosophy which attempts to incorporate prudent assumptions and estimates, and we have generally experienced favorable net development on prior year reserves in the last several years. However, there is no assurance that this will occur in future periods.
Management’s best estimate of the net reserve for losses and loss expenses at December 31, 2012 is $3,077.6 million. The following tables show the effect on estimated net reserves for losses and loss expenses as of December 31, 2012 of a change in two of the most critical assumptions in establishing reserves: (1) loss emergence patterns, accelerated or decelerated by three and six months; and (2) expected loss ratios varied by plus or minus five and ten percent. Management believes that a reasonably likely scenario is represented by such a standard, as used by some professional actuaries as part of their review of an insurer’s or reinsurer’s reserves. Utilizing this standard as a guide, management has selected these variances to determine reasonably likely scenarios of variability in the loss emergence and loss ratio assumptions. These scenarios consider normal levels of catastrophe events. Loss reserves may vary beyond these scenarios in periods of heightened or reduced claim activity. The reserves resulting from the changes in the assumptions are not additive and should be considered separately. The following tables vary the assumptions employed therein independently. In addition, the tables below do not adjust any parameters other than the ones described above. Specifically, reinsurance collectability was not explicitly stressed as part of the calculations below.
Net reserve for losses and loss expenses at December 31, 2012—Sensitivity to loss emergence patterns
Change in assumption | Reserve for losses and loss expenses | |||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||
Six month acceleration | $ | 2,661,432 | ||
Three month acceleration | 2,855,922 | |||
No change (selected) | 3,077,606 | |||
Three month deceleration | 3,325,264 | |||
Six month deceleration | 3,598,079 | |||
Net reserve for losses and loss expenses at December 31, 2012—Sensitivity to expected loss expenses
Change in assumption | Reserve for losses and loss expenses | |||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||
10% favorable | $ | 2,959,320 | ||
5% favorable | 3,018,463 | |||
No change (selected) | 3,077,606 | |||
5% unfavorable | 3,136,749 | |||
10% unfavorable | 3,195,892 | |||
The most significant variance in the above scenarios, six month deceleration in loss emergence patterns, would have the effect of increasing losses and loss expenses by $520.5 million.
Management believes that the reserve for losses and loss expenses is sufficient to cover expected claims incurred before the evaluation date on the basis of the methodologies and judgments used to support its estimates. However, there can be no assurance that actual payments will not vary significantly from total reserves. The reserve for losses and loss expenses and the methodology of estimating such reserve are regularly reviewed and updated as new information becomes known. Any resulting adjustments are reflected in income in the period in which they become known.
Premiums
Description: For insurance business, written premium estimates are determined from the business plan estimates of premiums by class, the aggregate of underwriters’ estimates on a policy-by-policy basis, and projections of ultimate premiums using generally accepted actuarial methods. In particular, direct insurance premiums are recognized in accordance with the type of contract written.
The majority of our insurance premium is accepted on a direct open market or facultative basis. We receive a premium which is identified in the policy and recorded as unearned premium on the inception date of the contract. This premium will typically adjust only if the underlying insured values adjust. We actively monitor underlying insured values and record adjustment premiums in the period in which amounts are reasonably determinable.
Judgments and Uncertainties: For business written on a facultative basis, although a premium estimate is not contractually stated for the amount of business to be written under any particular facility, an initial estimate of the expected premium written is received from the coverholder via the broker. Our estimate of premium is derived by reference to one or more of the following: the historical premium volume experienced by any facility; historical premium volume of similar facilities; the estimates provided by the broker; and industry information on the underlying business. We actively monitor the development of actual reported premium against the estimates made; where actual reported premiums deviate from the estimate, we carry out an analysis to determine the cause and may, if necessary, adjust the estimated premiums. In the year ended December 31, 2012, premiums written on a facultative basis accounted for approximately $357.2 million of total gross premiums written at Talbot.
For contracts written on a losses occurring basis or claims made basis, premium income is generally earned proportionately over the expected risk period, usually 12 months. For all other contracts, comprising contracts written on a risks attaching basis, premiums are generally earned over a 24 month period due to the fact that some of the underlying exposures may attach towards the end of the contract, and such underlying exposures generally have a 12 month coverage period. The portion of the premium
related to the unexpired portion of the policy at the end of any reporting period is presented on the consolidated balance sheet as unearned premiums.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Written Premiums | Gross Written Premiums (%) | Gross Written Premiums | Gross Written Premiums (%) | Gross Written Premiums | Gross Written Premiums (%) | |||||||||||||||
Proportional | $ | 333,469 | 15.4 | % | $ | 267,378 | 12.6 | % | $ | 260,149 | 13.1 | % | |||||||||
Non-proportional | 1,832,971 | 84.6 | % | 1,857,313 | 87.4 | % | 1,730,417 | 86.9 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 2,166,440 | 100.0 | % | $ | 2,124,691 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,990,566 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
For reinsurance business where the assumed reinsurance premium is written on an excess of loss or on a pro rata basis, reinsurance contracts are generally written prior to the time the underlying direct policies are written by cedants and accordingly cedants must estimate such premiums when purchasing reinsurance coverage. For excess of loss contracts, the deposit premium is defined in the contract. The deposit premium is based on the client’s estimated premiums, and this estimate is the amount recorded as written premium in the period the risk incepts. In the majority of cases, these contracts are adjustable at the end of the contract period to reflect the changes in underlying risks during the contract period. Subsequent adjustments, based on reports by the clients of actual premium, are recorded in the period in which the cedant reports are received, which would normally be reported within six months to one year subsequent to the expiration of the contract. For pro rata reinsurance contracts, an estimate of written premium is recorded in the period in which the risk incepts. The written premiums estimate is based on the pro rata cession percentage, on information provided by ceding companies and on management’s judgment. Management critically evaluates the information provided by ceding companies based on experience with the cedant, broker and the underlying book of business.
Throughout the term of the policy, periodic review of the estimated premium takes place based on the latest information available, which may include actual reported premium to date, the latest premium estimates as provided by cedants and brokers, historical experience, management’s professional judgment, information obtained during the underwriting renewal process, as well as an assessment of relevant economic conditions. If necessary, subsequent adjustments are recorded at the time of review.
On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates the appropriateness of these premium estimates based on the latest information available, which may include actual reported premium to date, the latest premium estimates as provided by cedants and brokers, historical experience, management’s professional judgment, information obtained during the underwriting renewal process, as well as an assessment of relevant economic conditions. Past experience may not be indicative of how future premium estimates develop. The Company believes that reasonably likely changes in assumptions made in the estimation process would not have a significant impact on gross premiums written as recorded.
Where contract terms on excess of loss contracts require the mandatory reinstatement of coverage after a client’s loss, the mandatory reinstatement premiums are recorded as written and earned premiums when the loss event occurs.
Management includes an assessment of the creditworthiness of cedants in the review process above, primarily based on market knowledge, reports from rating agencies, the timeliness of cedants’ payments and the status of current balances owing. Based on this assessment, management believes that as at December 31, 2012 no provision for doubtful accounts is necessary for receivables from cedants.
Reinsurance Premiums Ceded and Reinsurance Recoverables
Description: As discussed in Item 1 “Business—Underwriting Risk Management,” the Company primarily uses ceded reinsurance for risk mitigation purposes. Talbot purchases reinsurance on an excess of loss and a proportional basis together with a relatively small amount of facultative reinsurance and ILWs. Validus Re purchases reinsurance on an excess of loss and a proportional basis together with ILW coverage.
Judgments and Uncertainties: For excess of loss business, the amount of premium payable is usually contractually documented at inception and management judgment is only necessary in respect of any loss-related elements of the premium, for example reinstatement or adjustment premiums, and loss-related commissions. The full premium is recorded at inception and if the contract is purchased on a “losses occurring ” basis, the premium is earned on a straight line basis over the life of the contract. If the policy is purchased on a “risks attaching ” basis, the premium is earned in line with the inwards gross premiums to which the risk attaching relates. After the contract has expired, a No Claims Bonus may be received for certain policies, and this is recorded as a reinsurance premium adjustment in the period in which it can be reasonably determined.
Reinsurance receivable and reinsurance recoverable balances include amounts owed to us in respect of paid and unpaid ceded losses and loss expenses, respectively. The balances are presented net of a reserve for non-recoverability. As at December 31, 2012, reinsurance recoverable balances were $440.0 million and paid losses recoverable balances were $46.4 million. In establishing our reinsurance recoverable balances, significant judgment is exercised by management in determining the amount of unpaid losses and loss expenses to be ceded as well as our ability to cede losses and loss expenses under our reinsurance contracts.
Our ceded unpaid losses and loss expense consists of two elements, those for reported losses and those for losses incurred but not reported (“IBNR”). Ceded amounts for IBNR are developed as part of our loss reserving process. Consequently, the estimation of ceded unpaid losses and loss expenses is subject to similar risks and uncertainties in the estimation of gross IBNR (see “Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses” above). As at December 31, 2012, ceded IBNR recoverable balances were $185.3 million.
Although our reinsurance receivable and reinsurance recoverable balances are derived from our determination of contractual provisions, the recoverability of such amounts may ultimately differ due to the potential for a reinsurer to become financially impaired or insolvent or for a contractual dispute over contract language or coverage. Consequently, we review our reinsurance recoverable balances on a regular basis to determine if there is a need to establish a provision for non-recoverability. In performing this review, we use judgment in assessing the credit worthiness of our reinsurers and the contractual provisions of our reinsurance agreements. As at December 31, 2012, we had a provision for non-recoverability of $6.6 million. In the event that the credit worthiness of our reinsurers were to deteriorate, actual uncollectible amounts could be significantly greater than our provision for non-recoverability.
The Company uses a default analysis to estimate uncollectible reinsurance. The primary components of the default analysis are reinsurance recoverable balances by reinsurer and default factors used to determine the portion of a reinsurer’s balance deemed to be uncollectible. Default factors require considerable judgment and are determined using the current rating, or rating equivalent, of each reinsurer as well as other key considerations and assumptions.
Effect if Actual Results Differ from Assumptions: At December 31, 2012, the use of different assumptions within the model could have an effect on the provision for uncollectible reinsurance reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. To the extent the creditworthiness of the Company’s reinsurers was to deteriorate due to an adverse event affecting the reinsurance industry, such as a large number of major catastrophes, actual uncollectible amounts could be significantly greater than the Company’s provision.
Investment Valuation
Description: Consistent with U.S. GAAP, the Company recognizes fixed maturity and short-term investments at their fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP also established a three level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon whether the inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability are observable or unobservable in the market at the measurement date, with quoted market prices being the highest level (“Level 1”) and unobservable inputs being the lowest level (“Level 3”). Generally, the degree of judgment used in measuring the fair value of financial instruments inversely correlates with the availability of observable inputs. All of the Company’s fixed maturity and short-term investment fair value measurements have either quoted market prices or other observable inputs.
Judgments and Uncertainties:The Company’s external investment accounting service provider receives prices from independent pricing sources to measure the fair values of its fixed maturity investments. These independent pricing sources are prioritized with respect to reliability to ensure that only the highest priority pricing inputs are used. The independent pricing sources are received via automated feeds from indices, pricing and broker-dealers services. Pricing is also obtained from other external investment managers. This information is applied consistently across all portfolios. The Company’s external investment accounting service provider confirms and documents all prices received from broker-dealers on a daily basis for quality control and audit purposes.
In addition to internal controls, management relies on the effectiveness of the valuation controls in place at the Company’s external investment accounting service provider (supported by a SSAE 16 Report) in conjunction with regular discussion and analysis of the investment portfolio’s structure and performance. To date, management has not noted any issues or discrepancies related to investment valuation.
Other investments consist of hedge funds, a fund of hedge funds, private equity investments and a deferred compensation trust held in mutual funds. The hedge funds were valued at $538.5 million at December 31, 2012. The hedge funds consist of an investment in four Paulson & Co. managed funds and three investment funds assumed from the Flagstone Acquisition. The Paulson & Co. Inc. funds' administrator provides monthly reported Net Asset Values ("NAVs") with a one-month delay in its valuation. As a result, the funds' administrator's November 30, 2012 NAV was used as a partial basis for fair value measurement in the
Company's December 31, 2012 balance sheet. The fund manager provides an estimate of the NAV at December 31, 2012 based on estimated performance. The Company adjusts fair value to the fund manager's estimated NAV that incorporates relevant valuation sources on a timely basis. As this valuation technique incorporates both observable and significant unobservable inputs, the Paulson hedge funds are classified as Level 3 assets. To determine the reasonableness of the estimated NAV, the Company assesses the variance between the fund manager's estimated NAV and the fund administrator's NAV. Material variances are recorded in the current reporting period while immaterial variances are recorded in the following reporting period. These managed hedge funds are subject to quarterly liquidity.
The Flagstone investment funds and private equity investments' monthly reported NAV is provided with a one-month or one-quarter delay in its valuation. As a result, the November 30, 2012 NAV or the September 30, 2012 NAV was used as a basis for fair value measurement in the Company's December 31, 2012 balance sheet. As this valuation technique incorporates both observable and significant unobservable inputs, the investments funds and private equity investments are classified as Level 3 assets.
The fund of hedge funds includes a side pocket valued at $4.1 million at December 31, 2012. While a redemption request has been submitted, the timing of receipt of proceeds on the side pocket is unknown. The fund's administrator provides a monthly reported NAV with a one-month delay in its valuation. As a result, the fund administrator's November 30, 2012 NAV was used as a basis for fair value measurement in the Company's December 31, 2012 balance sheet. The fund manager provides an estimate of the fund NAV at December 31, 2012 based on the estimated performance provided from the underlying third-party funds. To determine the reasonableness of the NAV, the Company compares the one-month delayed fund administrator's NAV to the fund manager's estimated NAV that incorporates relevant valuation sources on a timely basis. Material variances are recorded in the current reporting period while immaterial variances are recorded in the following reporting period. As this valuation technique incorporates both observable and significant unobservable inputs, the fund of hedge funds is classified as a Level 3 asset.
Effect if Actual Results Differ from Assumptions: Refer to Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” for further discussion of interest rate risk and a sensitivity analysis of the impact of interest rate variances on the valuation of the Company’s fixed maturity and short-term investments.
Segment Reporting
Management has determined that the Company operates in three reportable segments. These segments are its significant operating subsidiaries, Validus Re, AlphaCat and Talbot. For segmental reporting purposes, the results of Flagstone’s operations since the acquisition date have been included within the Validus Re segment in the consolidated financial statements.
Results of Operations
The Company commenced operations on December 16, 2005. The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31. Financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and relevant SEC guidance.
The following table presents results of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010:
Three Months Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2012 (a) | 2011 | 2012 (a) | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 311,847 | $ | 278,279 | $ | 2,166,440 | $ | 2,124,691 | 1,990,566 | |||||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (35,659 | ) | (16,489 | ) | (307,506 | ) | (289,241 | ) | (229,482 | ) | ||||||||||
Net premiums written | 276,188 | 261,790 | 1,858,934 | 1,835,450 | 1,761,084 | |||||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 223,098 | 226,556 | 14,282 | (33,307 | ) | 39 | ||||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 499,286 | 488,346 | 1,873,216 | 1,802,143 | 1,761,123 | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 458,310 | 334,829 | 999,446 | 1,244,401 | 987,586 | |||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 81,814 | 81,253 | 334,698 | 314,184 | 292,899 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 65,095 | 52,253 | 263,652 | 197,497 | 209,290 | |||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 7,126 | 7,237 | 26,709 | 34,296 | 28,911 | |||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 612,345 | 475,572 | 1,624,505 | 1,790,378 | 1,518,686 | |||||||||||||||
Underwriting (loss) income (b) | (113,059 | ) | 12,774 | 248,711 | 11,765 | 242,437 | ||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 28,802 | 28,080 | 107,936 | 112,296 | 134,103 | |||||||||||||||
Other income | 187 | 3,517 | 22,396 | 5,718 | 5,219 | |||||||||||||||
Finance expenses | (14,510 | ) | (13,520 | ) | (53,857 | ) | (54,817 | ) | (55,870 | ) | ||||||||||
Operating (loss) income before taxes and (loss) income from operating affilites (b) | (98,580 | ) | 30,851 | 325,186 | 74,962 | 325,889 | ||||||||||||||
Tax (expense) benefit | (615 | ) | 226 | (2,501 | ) | (824 | ) | (3,126 | ) | |||||||||||
(Loss) income from operating affiliates | (614 | ) | — | 12,580 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Net operating (loss) income (b) | (99,809 | ) | 31,077 | 335,265 | 74,138 | 322,763 | ||||||||||||||
Gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses (c) | 21,485 | — | 17,701 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Net realized (losses) gains on investments | (4,516 | ) | 5,355 | 18,233 | 28,532 | 32,498 | ||||||||||||||
Net unrealized (losses) gains on investments | (35,857 | ) | 2,159 | 17,585 | (19,991 | ) | 45,952 | |||||||||||||
(Loss) from investment affiliate | (406 | ) | — | (964 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (losses) | 1,181 | 266 | 4,798 | (22,124 | ) | 1,351 | ||||||||||||||
Transaction expenses (d) | — | (3,850 | ) | — | (17,433 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
Net (loss) income | (117,922 | ) | 35,007 | 392,618 | 43,122 | 402,564 | ||||||||||||||
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | 27,206 | (7,683 | ) | 15,820 | (21,793 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
Net (loss) income (attributable) available to Validus | $ | (90,716 | ) | $ | 27,324 | $ | 408,438 | $ | 21,329 | $ | 402,564 | |||||||||
Selected ratios: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net premiums written / Gross premiums written | 88.6 | % | 94.1 | % | 85.8 | % | 86.4 | % | 88.5 | % | ||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 91.8 | % | 68.6 | % | 53.4 | % | 69.1 | % | 56.1 | % | ||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 16.4 | % | 16.6 | % | 17.9 | % | 17.4 | % | 16.6 | % | ||||||||||
General and administrative expenses (e) | 14.5 | % | 12.2 | % | 15.5 | % | 12.9 | % | 13.5 | % | ||||||||||
Expense ratio | 30.9 | % | 28.8 | % | 33.4 | % | 30.3 | % | 30.1 | % | ||||||||||
Combined ratio | 122.7 | % | 97.4 | % | 86.8 | % | 99.4 | % | 86.2 | % | ||||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | Non-GAAP Financial Measures. In presenting the Company’s results, management has included and discussed underwriting income and operating income that are not calculated under standards or rules that comprise U.S. GAAP. Such measures are referred to as non-GAAP. Non-GAAP measures may be defined or calculated differently by other companies. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Reconciliations of these measures to the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, are presented in the section below entitled “Underwriting Income.” |
(c) | The gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses, arises from the acquisition of Flagstone on November 30, 2012 and is net of transaction related expenses. |
(d) | The transaction expenses relate to costs incurred in connection with the Company’s proposed acquisition of Transatlantic. Transaction expenses are primarily comprised of legal, financial advisory and audit related services. |
(e) | The general and administrative expense ratio includes share compensation expenses. |
Three Months Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2012 (a) | 2011 | 2012 (a) | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||
Validus Re | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 79,233 | $ | 55,851 | $ | 1,131,959 | $ | 1,114,493 | $ | 1,089,443 | ||||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (7,074 | ) | (49 | ) | (144,578 | ) | (150,718 | ) | (63,147 | ) | ||||||||||
Net premiums written | 72,159 | 55,802 | 987,381 | 963,775 | 1,026,296 | |||||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 213,105 | 196,679 | 35,890 | 2,150 | 13,822 | |||||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 285,264 | 252,481 | 1,023,271 | 965,925 | 1,040,118 | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 331,130 | 215,903 | 575,416 | 749,305 | 601,610 | |||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 40,703 | 39,227 | 154,362 | 154,582 | 159,527 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 14,716 | 11,716 | 63,048 | 44,663 | 45,613 | |||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 1,849 | 2,191 | 7,763 | 9,309 | 7,181 | |||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 388,398 | 269,037 | 800,589 | 957,859 | 813,931 | |||||||||||||||
Underwriting (loss) income (b) | (103,134 | ) | (16,556 | ) | 222,682 | 8,066 | 226,187 | |||||||||||||
AlphaCat | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | (4 | ) | $ | (1,323 | ) | $ | 21,603 | $ | 75,727 | $ | 11,796 | ||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Net premiums written | (4 | ) | (1,323 | ) | 21,603 | 75,727 | 11,796 | |||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 5,895 | 27,834 | (3,937 | ) | (9,761 | ) | (714 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 5,891 | 26,511 | 17,666 | 65,966 | 11,082 | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | — | 10,000 | — | 10,000 | — | |||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 589 | 3,331 | 1,774 | 7,946 | 1,072 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 2,011 | 6,807 | 7,532 | 10,929 | 5,327 | |||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 84 | 33 | 279 | 107 | 594 | |||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 2,684 | 20,171 | 9,585 | 28,982 | 6,993 | |||||||||||||||
Underwriting income (b) | 3,207 | 6,340 | 8,081 | 36,984 | 4,089 | |||||||||||||||
Legal Entity adjustments | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 7 | $ | — | $ | 7 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Net premiums written | 7 | — | 7 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | (3,833 | ) | — | (3,833 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | (3,826 | ) | — | (3,826 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | (365 | ) | (1,093 | ) | (390 | ) | (2,394 | ) | — | |||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 1,673 | (5,438 | ) | 5,130 | (1,658 | ) | 15,927 | |||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 115 | 196 | 561 | 982 | 80 | |||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 1,423 | (6,335 | ) | 5,301 | (3,070 | ) | 16,007 | |||||||||||||
Underwriting (loss) income (b) | (5,249 | ) | 6,335 | (9,127 | ) | 3,070 | (16,007 | ) | ||||||||||||
Talbot | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 241,100 | $ | 235,242 | $ | 1,078,636 | $ | 1,014,122 | $ | 981,073 | ||||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (37,067 | ) | (27,931 | ) | (228,686 | ) | (218,174 | ) | (258,081 | ) | ||||||||||
Net premiums written | 204,033 | 207,311 | 849,950 | 795,948 | 722,992 | |||||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 4,098 | 2,043 | (17,671 | ) | (25,696 | ) | (13,069 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 208,131 | 209,354 | 832,279 | 770,252 | 709,923 | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 127,180 | 108,926 | 424,030 | 485,096 | 385,976 | |||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 41,745 | 41,160 | 183,926 | 157,334 | 143,769 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 32,371 | 29,676 | 133,281 | 112,072 | 107,557 | |||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 2,442 | 1,934 | 7,789 | 8,582 | 6,923 | |||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 203,738 | 181,696 | 749,026 | 763,084 | 644,225 | |||||||||||||||
Underwriting income (b) | 4,393 | 27,658 | 83,253 | 7,168 | 65,698 | |||||||||||||||
Corporate & Eliminations | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | (8,489 | ) | $ | (11,491 | ) | $ | (65,765 | ) | $ | (79,651 | ) | $ | (91,746 | ) | |||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | 8,482 | 11,491 | 65,758 | 79,651 | 91,746 | |||||||||||||||
Net premiums written | (7 | ) | — | (7 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 3,833 | — | 3,833 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 3,826 | — | 3,826 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | (858 | ) | (1,372 | ) | (4,974 | ) | (3,284 | ) | (11,469 | ) | ||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 14,324 | 9,492 | 54,661 | 31,491 | 34,866 | |||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 2,636 | 2,883 | 10,317 | 15,316 | 14,133 | |||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 16,102 | 11,003 | 60,004 | 43,523 | 37,530 | |||||||||||||||
Underwriting (loss) (b) | (12,276 | ) | (11,003 | ) | (56,178 | ) | (43,523 | ) | (37,530 | ) | ||||||||||
Total underwriting (loss) income (b) | $ | (113,059 | ) | $ | 12,774 | $ | 248,711 | $ | 11,765 | $ | 242,437 | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | Non-GAAP Financial Measures. In presenting the Company’s results, management has included and discussed underwriting income that is not calculated under standards or rules that comprise U.S. GAAP. Such measures are referred to as non-GAAP. Non-GAAP measures may be defined or calculated differently by other companies. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A reconciliation of this measure to net income, the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, is presented in the section below entitled “Underwriting Income.” |
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2011
Net loss attributable to Validus for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was $(90.7) million compared to net income available to Validus of $27.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $118.0 million or 432.0%.
The primary factors driving the net loss attributable to Validus were:
• | Decrease in underwriting income of $125.8 million primarily due to: |
• | A $123.5 million increase in loss and loss expenses; |
• | A $12.8 million increase in general and administrative expenses; and |
• | Offset by a $10.9 million increase in net premiums earned. |
• | Unfavorable movements in net realized and unrealized losses on investments of $9.9 million and $38.0 million, respectively. |
The above items were partially offset by the following factors:
• | Gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses and transaction expenses of $21.5 million; and |
• | Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest which resulted in an increase to net income attributable to Validus of $34.9 million. |
The change in net income available to Validus for the three months ended December 31, 2012 of $118.0 million as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2011 is described in the following table:
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Increase (Decrease) Over the Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 (a) | ||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Validus Re (a) | AlphaCat | Talbot | Corporate and Eliminations (b) | Total | |||||||||||||||
Notable losses—(increase) in net loss and loss expenses (c) | $ | (259,639 | ) | $ | — | $ | (47,249 | ) | $ | — | $ | (306,888 | ) | |||||||
Less: Notable losses—increase in net reinstatement premium (c) | 33,177 | — | 4,540 | — | 37,717 | |||||||||||||||
Other underwriting income (loss) | 139,884 | (3,133 | ) | 19,444 | (12,857 | ) | 143,338 | |||||||||||||
Underwriting (loss) income (d) | (86,578 | ) | (3,133 | ) | (23,265 | ) | (12,857 | ) | (125,833 | ) | ||||||||||
Net investment income | (535 | ) | 528 | (1,132 | ) | 1,861 | 722 | |||||||||||||
Other income | (2,311 | ) | (5,076 | ) | (1,291 | ) | 5,348 | (3,330 | ) | |||||||||||
Finance expenses | (462 | ) | (1,043 | ) | 75 | 440 | (990 | ) | ||||||||||||
Operating (loss) income before taxes and (loss) from operating affiliates | (89,886 | ) | (8,724 | ) | (25,613 | ) | (5,208 | ) | (129,431 | ) | ||||||||||
Tax (expense) benefit | (152 | ) | — | (1,776 | ) | 1,087 | (841 | ) | ||||||||||||
(Loss) from operating affiliates | — | (614 | ) | — | — | (614 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net operating (loss) income | (90,038 | ) | (9,338 | ) | (27,389 | ) | (4,121 | ) | (130,886 | ) | ||||||||||
Gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses | — | — | — | 21,485 | 21,485 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized (losses) on investments | (9,367 | ) | — | (504 | ) | — | (9,871 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net unrealized (losses) gains on investments | (4,266 | ) | (31,819 | ) | (1,932 | ) | 1 | (38,016 | ) | |||||||||||
(Loss) from investment affiliate | (406 | ) | — | — | — | (406 | ) | |||||||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (losses) | 413 | 136 | 749 | (383 | ) | 915 | ||||||||||||||
Transaction expenses | — | — | — | 3,850 | 3,850 | |||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income | (103,664 | ) | (41,021 | ) | (29,076 | ) | 20,832 | (152,929 | ) | |||||||||||
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | — | 34,889 | — | — | 34,889 | |||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income (attributable) available to Validus | $ | (103,664 | ) | $ | (6,132 | ) | $ | (29,076 | ) | $ | 20,832 | $ | (118,040 | ) | ||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | The Corporate and Eliminations column includes legal entity adjustments. |
(c) | Notable losses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 include: Hurricane Sandy. Notable losses for the three months ended December 31, 2011 include: the Thai floods and excludes the reserve for potential development on 2011 notable loss events. The AlphaCat segment's non-consolidated |
affiliates incurred loss and loss expenses of $8.4 million related to Hurricane Sandy for the three months ended December 31, 2012. These losses are not included in the table above as the entities are accounted for as investments in operating affiliates.
(d) | Non-GAAP Financial Measures. In presenting the Company’s results, management has included and discussed underwriting income (loss) that is not calculated under standards or rules that comprise U.S. GAAP. Such measures are referred to as non-GAAP. Non-GAAP measures may be defined or calculated differently by other companies. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A reconciliation of this measure to net income, the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, is presented in the section below entitled “Underwriting Income.” |
Gross Premiums Written
Gross premiums written for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $311.8 million compared to $278.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $33.6 million or 12.1%. The property and marine lines increased by $37.4 million and $5.1 million, respectively, while the specialty lines decreased by $8.9 million. Details of gross premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Property | $ | 110,561 | 35.4 | % | $ | 73,200 | 26.3 | % | 51.0 | % | |||||||
Marine | 89,394 | 28.7 | % | 84,247 | 30.3 | % | 6.1 | % | |||||||||
Specialty | 111,892 | 35.9 | % | 120,832 | 43.4 | % | (7.4 | )% | |||||||||
Total | $ | 311,847 | 100.0 | % | $ | 278,279 | 100.0 | % | 12.1 | % | |||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Validus Re. Validus Re gross premiums written for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $79.2 million compared to $55.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $23.4 million or 41.9%. Details of Validus Re gross premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Property | $ | 54,878 | 69.2 | % | $ | 34,053 | 61.0 | % | 61.2 | % | |||||||
Marine | 8,621 | 10.9 | % | 9,742 | 17.4 | % | (11.5 | )% | |||||||||
Specialty | 15,734 | 19.9 | % | 12,056 | 21.6 | % | 30.5 | % | |||||||||
Total | $ | 79,233 | 100.0 | % | $ | 55,851 | 100.0 | % | 41.9 | % | |||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
The increase in gross premiums written in the property lines of $20.8 million was due primarily to an increase in reinstatement premiums of $28.0 million primarily due to Hurricane Sandy and a $7.4 million increase in premiums relating to the Flagstone acquisition, slightly offset by a decrease in per risk excess of loss treaties of $5.1 million. The decrease in gross premiums written of $1.1 million in the marine lines was due primarily to a $6.8 million decrease in premium adjustments on proportional treaties, partially offset by an increase in reinstatement premiums of $4.1 million primarily on Hurricane Sandy. The increase in gross premiums written in the specialty lines of $3.7 million was due primarily to a $3.1 million increase in premiums relating to the Flagstone acquisition and a $2.5 million increase in per risk excess of loss treaties and premium adjustments on proportional treaties, slightly offset by a $2.2 million decrease in premium adjustments relating to non-proportional treaties.
Gross premiums written under the quota share, surplus treaty and excess of loss contracts with Talbot for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $8.5 million compared to $11.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of by $3.0 million as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2011. These reinsurance transactions with Talbot are eliminated upon consolidation.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat gross premiums written for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $0.0 million compared to $(1.3) million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $1.3 million or 99.7%. The AlphaCat segment generally does not write premiums in the fourth quarter.
The increase in gross premiums written in the property lines of $1.3 million was due primarily to the change in accounting treatment for AlphaCat Re 2011 which occurred as at December 31, 2011, when the individual assets and liabilities and corresponding noncontrolling interest of AlphaCat Re 2011 were derecognized from the consolidated Balance Sheet of the
Company. AlphaCat Re 2011 was consolidated in 2011 whereas in 2012, AlphaCat Re 2011 is accounted for as an equity method operating affiliate.
Managed gross premiums written from our non-consolidated affiliates, AlphaCat Re 2011 and AlphaCat Re 2012, for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $0.0 million compared to $(1.4) million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $1.3 million or 97.3%. Gross premiums written from our consolidated AlphaCat entities for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $0.0 million compared to $0.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $0.1 million or 106.5%.
Talbot. Talbot gross premiums written for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $241.1 million compared to $235.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $5.9 million or 2.5%. The $241.1 million of gross premiums written translated at 2011 rates of exchange would have been $240.9 million during the three months ended December 31, 2012, giving an effective increase of $5.7 million or 2.4%. Details of Talbot gross premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Property | $ | 62,258 | 25.8 | % | $ | 51,793 | 22.0 | % | 20.2 | % | |||||||
Marine | 81,540 | 33.8 | % | 74,235 | 31.6 | % | 9.8 | % | |||||||||
Specialty | 97,302 | 40.4 | % | 109,214 | 46.4 | % | (10.9 | )% | |||||||||
Total | $ | 241,100 | 100.0 | % | $ | 235,242 | 100.0 | % | 2.5 | % | |||||||
The increase in gross premiums written in the property lines of $10.5 million was due primarily to a $6.4 million increase in premiums written in the direct property lines and a $4.2 million increase in the construction lines, partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in property treaty lines. The increase in gross premiums written in the marine lines of $7.3 million was due primarily to a $5.1 million increase in premiums written in the cargo lines and a $5.1 million increase in the other treaty lines, $3.5 million of which relates to reinstatement premiums on Hurricane Sandy. These were partially offset by a $2.5 million decrease in yachts lines. The decrease in gross premiums written in the specialty lines of $11.9 million was due primarily to a $12.2 million decrease in premiums written in the direct aviation and aviation treaty lines. This decrease primarily relates to a premium reassessment of $8.2 million which has no net earned impact on the direct aviation and aviation treaty lines. In addition, there was a $2.9 million decrease in the war lines, partially offset by a $3.7 million increase in the political violence lines.
Reinsurance Premiums Ceded
Reinsurance premiums ceded for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $35.7 million compared to $16.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $19.2 million or 116.3%. Details of reinsurance premiums ceded by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Property | $ | 19,644 | 55.1 | % | $ | 11,979 | 72.7 | % | 64.0 | % | |||||||
Marine | 4,890 | 13.7 | % | (1,363 | ) | (8.3 | )% | 458.8 | % | ||||||||
Specialty | 11,125 | 31.2 | % | 5,873 | 35.6 | % | 89.4 | % | |||||||||
Total | $ | 35,659 | 100.0 | % | $ | 16,489 | 100.0 | % | 116.3 | % | |||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Validus Re. Validus Re reinsurance premiums ceded for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $7.1 million compared to $0.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $7.0 million. Details of Validus Re reinsurance premiums ceded by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Property | $ | 4,275 | 60.5 | % | $ | 980 | 2,000.0 | % | 336.2 | % | |||||||
Marine | 2,803 | 39.6 | % | (931 | ) | (1,900.0 | )% | 401.1 | % | ||||||||
Specialty | (4 | ) | (0.1 | )% | — | — | % | NM | |||||||||
Total | $ | 7,074 | 100.0 | % | $ | 49 | 100.0 | % | NM | ||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
NM: Not meaningful
Reinsurance premiums ceded in the property lines increased by $3.3 million, due primarily to increases in ceded reinstatement premiums and non-proportional coverage of $2.2 million and $1.4 million, respectively. The increase in reinsurance premiums of $3.7 million ceded in the marine lines was primarily due to a $1.4 million increase in non-proportional coverage and $1.3 million of adjustments to coverage from prior periods.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat did not cede reinsurance premiums for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
Talbot. Talbot reinsurance premiums ceded for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $37.1 million compared to $27.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $9.1 million or 32.7%. Details of Talbot reinsurance premiums ceded by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Property | $ | 21,940 | 59.2 | % | $ | 22,322 | 79.9 | % | (1.7 | )% | |||||||
Marine | 2,854 | 7.7 | % | (702 | ) | (2.5 | )% | 506.6 | % | ||||||||
Specialty | 12,273 | 33.1 | % | 6,311 | 22.6 | % | 94.5 | % | |||||||||
Total | $ | 37,067 | 100.0 | % | $ | 27,931 | 100.0 | % | 32.7 | % | |||||||
The increase in reinsurance premiums ceded in the marine lines of $3.6 million was due primarily to a $5.5 million increase in premiums ceded in the marine energy and cargo lines, $5.2 million of which relates to reinstatement premiums, partially offset by a $2.1 million decrease in other marine lines. The increase in reinsurance premiums ceded in the specialty lines of $6.0 million was due primarily to a $3.0 million increase in premiums ceded in the war, political risk and violence lines and a $2.0 million increase in financial institution lines, mainly due to higher reinstatement premiums and prior period adjustments.
Reinsurance premiums ceded under the quota share, surplus treaty and excess of loss contracts with Validus Re for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $8.5 million compared to $11.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $3.0 million. These reinsurance agreements with Validus Re are eliminated upon consolidation.
Net Premiums Written
Net premiums written for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $276.2 million compared to $261.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $14.4 million or 5.5%. The ratios of net premiums written to gross premiums written for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 88.6% and 94.1%, respectively. Details of net premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Property | $ | 90,917 | 32.9 | % | $ | 61,221 | 23.4 | % | 48.5 | % | |||||||
Marine | 84,504 | 30.6 | % | 85,610 | 32.7 | % | (1.3 | )% | |||||||||
Specialty | 100,767 | 36.5 | % | 114,959 | 43.9 | % | (12.3 | )% | |||||||||
Total | $ | 276,188 | 100.0 | % | $ | 261,790 | 100.0 | % | 5.5 | % | |||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Validus Re. Validus Re net premiums written for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $72.2 million compared to $55.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $16.4 million or 29.3%. Details of Validus Re net premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Property | $ | 50,603 | 70.1 | % | $ | 33,073 | 59.3 | % | 53.0 | % | |||||||
Marine | 5,818 | 8.1 | % | 10,673 | 19.1 | % | (45.5 | )% | |||||||||
Specialty | 15,738 | 21.8 | % | 12,056 | 21.6 | % | 30.5 | % | |||||||||
Total | $ | 72,159 | 100.0 | % | $ | 55,802 | 100.0 | % | 29.3 | % | |||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
The increase in Validus Re net premiums written was driven by the factors highlighted above in respect of gross premiums written and reinsurance premiums ceded. The ratios of net premiums written to gross premiums written were 91.1% and 99.9% for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat net premiums written for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $0.0 million compared to $(1.3) million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $1.3 million or 99.7%.
The increase in AlphaCat net premiums written was driven by the factors highlighted above in respect of gross premiums written. The ratios of net premiums written to gross premiums written were 100.0% for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
Talbot. Talbot net premiums written for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $204.0 million compared to $207.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $3.3 million or 1.6%. Details of Talbot net premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Property | $ | 40,318 | 19.8 | % | $ | 29,471 | 14.2 | % | 36.8 | % | |||||||
Marine | 78,686 | 38.5 | % | 74,937 | 36.1 | % | 5.0 | % | |||||||||
Specialty | 85,029 | 41.7 | % | 102,903 | 49.7 | % | (17.4 | )% | |||||||||
Total | $ | 204,033 | 100.0 | % | $ | 207,311 | 100.0 | % | (1.6 | )% | |||||||
The decrease in net premiums written was driven by the factors highlighted above in respect of gross premiums written and reinsurance premiums ceded. The ratios of net premiums written to gross premiums written for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 84.6% and 88.1%, respectively.
Net Change in Unearned Premiums
Net change in unearned premiums for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was $223.1 million compared to $226.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $3.5 million or 1.5%.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | % Change | ||||||||
Change in gross unearned premium | $ | 140,243 | $ | 286,211 | (51.0 | )% | |||||
Less change due to Flagstone acquisition | 139,389 | — | NM | ||||||||
Deconsolidation of AlphaCat Re 2011 | — | (9,405 | ) | NM | |||||||
Net change in gross unearned premium | 279,632 | 276,806 | 1.0 | % | |||||||
Change in prepaid reinsurance premium | (45,195 | ) | (50,250 | ) | (10.1 | )% | |||||
Less change due to Flagstone acquisition | (11,339 | ) | — | NM | |||||||
Net change in prepaid reinsurance premiums | (56,534 | ) | (50,250 | ) | 12.5 | % | |||||
Net change in unearned premium | $ | 223,098 | $ | 226,556 | (1.5 | )% | |||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
NM: Not meaningful
Validus Re. Validus Re’s net change in unearned premiums for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was $213.1 million compared to $196.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $16.4 million or 8.4%.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | % Change | ||||||||
Change in gross unearned premium | $ | 110,621 | $ | 228,747 | (51.6 | )% | |||||
Less change due to Flagstone acquisition | 139,389 | — | NM | ||||||||
Deconsolidation of AlphaCatRe 2011 | — | (9,405 | ) | NM | |||||||
Net change in gross unearned premium | 250,010 | 219,342 | 14.0 | % | |||||||
Change in prepaid reinsurance premium | (25,566 | ) | (22,663 | ) | (12.8 | )% | |||||
Less change due to Flagstone acquisition | (11,339 | ) | — | NM | |||||||
Net change in prepaid reinsurance premiums | (36,905 | ) | (22,663 | ) | (62.8 | )% | |||||
Net change in unearned premium | $ | 213,105 | $ | 196,679 | 8.4 | % | |||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
NM: Not meaningful
Validus Re net change in unearned premiums has increased for the three months ended December 31, 2012 due to the earnings pattern of gross premiums written and reinsurance premiums ceded.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat’s net change in unearned premiums for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was $5.9 million compared to $27.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $21.9 million or 78.8%.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | % Change | ||||||||
Change in gross unearned premiums | $ | 5,895 | $ | 27,834 | (78.8 | )% | |||||
Net change in unearned premiums | $ | 5,895 | $ | 27,834 | (78.8 | )% | |||||
AlphaCat net change in unearned premiums has decreased for the three months ended December 31, 2012 due primarily to the deconsolidation of AlphaCat Re 2011 and the earnings pattern of gross premiums written.
Talbot. Talbot’s net change in unearned premiums for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was $4.1 million compared to $2.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $2.1 million or 100.6%.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | % Change | ||||||||
Change in gross unearned premiums | $ | 23,727 | $ | 29,630 | (19.9 | )% | |||||
Change in prepaid reinsurance premiums | (19,629 | ) | (27,587 | ) | 28.8 | % | |||||
Net change in unearned premiums | $ | 4,098 | $ | 2,043 | 100.6 | % | |||||
Talbot’s net change in unearned premium has increased for the three months ended December 31, 2012 due to the earnings pattern of gross premiums written and reinsurance premiums ceded.
Net Premiums Earned
Net premiums earned for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $499.3 million compared to $488.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $10.9 million or 2.2%. Details of net premiums earned by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Property | $ | 250,480 | 50.2 | % | $ | 236,671 | 48.5 | % | 5.8 | % | |||||||
Marine | 146,744 | 29.4 | % | 146,953 | 30.1 | % | (0.1 | )% | |||||||||
Specialty | 102,062 | 20.4 | % | 104,722 | 21.4 | % | (2.5 | )% | |||||||||
Total | $ | 499,286 | 100.0 | % | $ | 488,346 | 100.0 | % | 2.2 | % | |||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Validus Re. Validus Re net premiums earned for three months ended December 31, 2012 were $285.3 million compared to $252.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $32.8 million or 13.0%. Details of Validus Re net premiums earned by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Property | $ | 198,002 | 69.4 | % | $ | 169,052 | 67.0 | % | 17.1 | % | |||||||
Marine | 60,163 | 21.1 | % | 57,524 | 22.8 | % | 4.6 | % | |||||||||
Specialty | 27,099 | 9.5 | % | 25,905 | 10.2 | % | 4.6 | % | |||||||||
Total | $ | 285,264 | 100.0 | % | $ | 252,481 | 100.0 | % | 13.0 | % | |||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
The overall increase in net premiums earned was due primarily to the increase in reinstatement premiums relating to Hurricane Sandy and an increase in net premiums earned relating to the acquisition of Flagstone. The increase in premiums earned in the property lines of $29.0 million is due primarily to the increase in earned reinstatement premiums of $25.7 million relating primarily to Hurricane Sandy and a $20.9 million increase in premiums earned relating to the acquisition of Flagstone. These items are partially offset by a $10.3 million decrease in intercompany premiums with Talbot which are eliminated upon consolidation and a $6.0 million decrease in assumed earned premium.The increase in premiums earned in the marine lines of $2.6 million is due primarily to an increase in earned reinstatement premiums of $3.1 million relating primarily to Hurricane Sandy and a $1.6 million premiums earned relating to the Flagstone acquisition, partially offset by a $3.6 million decrease in premium adjustments on proportional business. These increases are consistent with the relevant pattern of net premiums written influencing the earned premiums for the three months ended December 31, 2012 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2011.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat net premiums earned for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $5.9 million compared to $26.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $20.6 million or 77.8%. Details of AlphaCat net premiums earned by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Property | $ | 5,891 | 100.0 | % | $ | 26,511 | 100.0 | % | (77.8 | )% | |||||||
Total | $ | 5,891 | 100.0 | % | $ | 26,511 | 100.0 | % | (77.8 | )% | |||||||
The decrease in net premiums earned is consistent with the relevant pattern of net premiums written and the deconsolidation of AlphaCatRe 2011, influencing the earned premiums for the three months ended December 31, 2012 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2011.
Talbot. Talbot net premiums earned for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $208.1 million compared to $209.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $1.2 million or 0.6%. Details of Talbot net premiums earned by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Property | $ | 46,587 | 22.4 | % | $ | 41,108 | 19.6 | % | 13.3 | % | |||||||
Marine | 86,581 | 41.6 | % | 89,429 | 42.8 | % | (3.2 | )% | |||||||||
Specialty | 74,963 | 36.0 | % | 78,817 | 37.6 | % | (4.9 | )% | |||||||||
Total | $ | 208,131 | 100.0 | % | $ | 209,354 | 100.0 | % | (0.6 | )% | |||||||
The decrease in net premiums earned is consistent with the relevant patterns of net premiums written influencing the earned premiums for the three months ended December 31, 2012, as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2011.
Losses and Loss Expenses
Losses and loss expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $458.3 million compared to $334.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $123.5 million or 36.9%. The loss ratios, defined as losses and loss expenses divided by net premiums earned, for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 91.8% and 68.6%, respectively. Details of loss ratios by line of business are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | Percentage Point Change | ||||||
Property | 126.0 | % | 90.0 | % | 36.0 | |||
Marine | 76.2 | % | 53.0 | % | 23.2 | |||
Specialty | 30.2 | % | 42.0 | % | (11.8 | ) | ||
All lines | 91.8 | % | 68.6 | % | 23.2 | |||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, the Company incurred $361.0 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 72.3 percentage points of the overall loss ratio. Net of $36.4 million of reinstatement premiums, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $324.6 million. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, the Company incurred $54.1 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 11.1 percentage points of the overall loss ratio, excluding the reserve for potential development on notable loss events. Including the impact of $(1.3) million of reinstatement premiums, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $55.5 million. The Company’s loss ratio, excluding notable loss events, reserve for potential development on notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was 31.0% and 50.3%, respectively.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (b) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Fourth Quarter 2012 Notable Loss Events (a) (b) | Validus Re (b) | Talbot | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Description | Net Losses and Loss Expenses(c) | % of NPE | Net Losses and Loss Expenses(c) | % of NPE | Net Losses and Loss Expenses(c) | % of NPE | ||||||||||||||||
Hurricane Sandy (d) | Windstorm | $ | 282,603 | 99.1 | % | $ | 78,433 | 37.7 | % | $ | 361,036 | 72.3 | % | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 282,603 | 99.1 | % | $ | 78,433 | 37.7 | % | $ | 361,036 | 72.3 | % | |||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Fourth Quarter 2011 Notable Loss Events (a) | Validus Re | Talbot | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Description | Net Losses and Loss Expenses(c) | % of NPE | Net Losses and Loss Expenses(c) | % of NPE | Net Losses and Loss Expenses(c) | % of NPE | ||||||||||||||||
Thailand floods | Multiple flooding events | $ | 22,964 | 9.1 | % | $ | 31,184 | 14.9 | % | $ | 54,148 | 11.1 | % | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 22,964 | 9.1 | % | $ | 31,184 | 14.9 | % | $ | 54,148 | 11.1 | % | |||||||||||
(a) | These notable loss event amounts exclude the reserve for potential development on 2011 notable loss events and are based on management’s estimates following a review of the Company’s potential exposure and discussions with certain clients and brokers. Given the magnitude and recent occurrence of these events in relation to the corresponding period end date, and other uncertainties inherent in loss estimation, meaningful uncertainty exists at the relevant reporting date regarding losses from these events and the Company’s actual ultimate net losses from these events can vary materially from these estimates. |
(b) The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition.
(c) | Net of reinsurance but not of reinstatement premiums. Total reinstatement premiums were $36.4 million and $(1.3) million for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. |
(d) | The AlphaCat segment's non-consolidated affiliates incurred loss and loss expenses of $8.4 million related to Hurricane Sandy for the three months ended December 31, 2012. These losses are not included in the table above as the entities are accounted for as investments in operating affiliates. |
Details of loss ratios by line of business and period of occurrence are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2012 (a) | 2011 | Percentage Point Change | ||||||
Property—current period—excluding items below | 21.0 | % | 46.9 | % | (25.9 | ) | ||
Property—current period—notable losses | 113.2 | % | 20.3 | % | 92.9 | |||
Property—current period—reserve for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 30.8 | % | (30.8 | ) | ||
Property—change in prior accident years | (8.2 | )% | (8.0 | )% | (0.2 | ) | ||
Property—loss ratio | 126.0 | % | 90.0 | % | 36.0 | |||
Marine—current period—excluding items below | 42.8 | % | 53.8 | % | (11.0 | ) | ||
Marine—current period—notable losses | 47.5 | % | 2.9 | % | 44.6 | |||
Marine—current period—reserve for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 3.4 | % | (3.4 | ) | ||
Marine—change in prior accident years | (14.1 | )% | (7.1 | )% | (7.0 | ) | ||
Marine—loss ratio | 76.2 | % | 53.0 | % | 23.2 | |||
Specialty—current period—excluding items below | 38.2 | % | 53.0 | % | (14.8 | ) | ||
Specialty—current period—notable losses | 7.7 | % | 1.8 | % | 5.9 | |||
Specialty—change in prior accident years | (15.7 | )% | (12.8 | )% | (2.9 | ) | ||
Specialty—loss ratio | 30.2 | % | 42.0 | % | (11.8 | ) | ||
All lines—current period—excluding items below | 31.0 | % | 50.3 | % | (19.3 | ) | ||
All lines—current period—notable losses | 72.3 | % | 11.1 | % | 61.2 | |||
All lines—current period—reserve for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 16.0 | % | (16.0 | ) | ||
All lines—change in prior accident years | (11.5 | )% | (8.8 | )% | (2.7 | ) | ||
All lines—loss ratio | 91.8 | % | 68.6 | % | 23.2 | |||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Validus Re. Validus Re losses and loss expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $331.1 million compared to $215.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $115.2 million or 53.4%. The loss ratio, defined as losses and loss expenses divided by net premiums earned, was 116.1% and 85.5% for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re incurred losses of $350.9 million related to current year losses and $19.8 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. For three months ended December 31, 2012, favorable loss reserve development on prior accident years benefited the Validus Re loss ratio by 6.9 percentage points. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re incurred losses of $223.0 million related to current year losses and $7.1 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, favorable loss reserve development on prior years benefited the Validus Re loss ratio by 2.8 percentage points.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re incurred $282.6 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 99.1 percentage points of the overall loss ratio. Net of $34.8 million of reinstatement premiums, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $247.8 million. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re incurred $23.0 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 9.1 percentage points of the overall loss ratio, excluding the reserve for potential development on notable loss events. Net of reinstatement premiums of $1.6 million, the effect of these events on Validus Re segment income was a decrease of $21.4 million. Validus Re segment loss ratios excluding notable loss events, reserve for potential development on notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 23.9% and 48.3%, respectively. Details of Validus Re loss ratios by line of business and period of occurrence are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2012 (a) | 2011 | Percentage Point Change | ||||||
Property—current period excluding items below | 18.7 | % | 39.3 | % | (20.6 | ) | ||
Property—current period—notable losses | 120.2 | % | 11.7 | % | 108.5 | |||
Property—current period—reserves for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 43.2 | % | (43.2 | ) | ||
Property—change in prior accident years | (3.2 | )% | (2.8 | )% | (0.4 | ) | ||
Property—loss ratio | 135.7 | % | 91.4 | % | 44.3 | |||
Marine—current period excluding items below | 39.3 | % | 62.5 | % | (23.2 | ) | ||
Marine—current period—notable losses | 72.3 | % | 5.6 | % | 66.7 | |||
Marine—current period—reserves for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 8.7 | % | (8.7 | ) | ||
Marine—change in prior accident years | (7.0 | )% | (0.5 | )% | (6.5 | ) | ||
Marine—loss ratio | 104.6 | % | 76.3 | % | 28.3 | |||
Specialty—current period excluding items below | 28.4 | % | 75.6 | % | (47.2 | ) | ||
Specialty—current period—notable losses | 4.2 | % | 0.0 | % | 4.2 | |||
Specialty—change in prior accident years | (34.4 | )% | (8.1 | )% | (26.3 | ) | ||
Specialty—loss ratio | (1.8 | )% | 67.5 | % | (69.3 | ) | ||
All lines—current period excluding items below | 23.9 | % | 48.3 | % | (24.4 | ) | ||
All lines—current period—notable losses | 99.1 | % | 9.1 | % | 90.0 | |||
All lines—current period—reserves for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 30.9 | % | (30.9 | ) | ||
All lines—change in prior accident years | (6.9 | )% | (2.8 | )% | (4.1 | ) | ||
All lines—loss ratio | 116.1 | % | 85.5 | % | 30.6 | |||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re property lines losses and loss expenses included $274.9 million related to current year losses and $6.3 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The favorable loss reserve development was due to a decrease in loss estimates on prior year notable loss events, as well as a reduction in loss estimates on attritional losses. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re property lines losses and loss expenses included $159.3 million related to current year losses and $4.7 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re property lines incurred $237.9 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 120.2 percentage points of the property lines loss ratio. Net of $29.5 million of reinstatement premiums, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $208.4 million. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re property lines incurred $19.8 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 11.7 percentage points of the property lines loss ratio, excluding reserve for potential development on notable loss events. Validus Re property lines loss ratios, excluding notable loss events, reserve for potential development on notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development, for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 18.7% and 39.3%, respectively.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re marine lines losses and loss expenses included $67.2 million related to current year losses and $4.2 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The favorable loss reserve development was due primarily to a reduction in loss estimates on attritional losses, which was partially offset by an increase in prior year notable loss events. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re marine lines losses and loss expenses included $44.2 million related to current year losses and $0.3 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re marine lines incurred $43.5 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 72.3 percentage points of the marine lines loss ratio. Net of $5.2 million of reinstatement premiums, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $38.3 million. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re marine lines incurred $3.2 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 5.6 percentage points of the marine
lines loss ratio, excluding reserve for potential development on notable loss events. Validus Re marine lines loss ratios, excluding notable loss events, reserve for potential development on notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development, for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 39.3% and 62.5%, respectively.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re specialty lines losses and loss expenses included $8.8 million related to current year losses and $9.3 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The favorable loss reserve development was due primarily to a reduction in loss estimates on attritional losses. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re specialty lines losses and loss expenses included $19.6 million related to current year losses and $2.1 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, Validus Re specialty lines incurred $1.1 million of losses from notable loss events which represented 4.2 percentage points of the specialty lines loss ratio. Validus Re specialty lines loss ratios, excluding prior year loss reserve development, for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 28.4% and 75.6%, respectively.
The net negative financial impact from Hurricane Sandy to Flagstone for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $39.1 million. The financial impact to Flagstone did not impact Validus' results of operations in the fourth quarter 2012 as the loss event took place prior to the date of Validus' acquisition of Flagstone which was completed on November 30, 2012.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat contributed $nil to the losses and loss expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 compared to $10.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $10.0 million or 100.0%. The loss ratio defined as losses and loss expenses divided by net premiums earned, was nil% and 37.7% for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. For the three months ended December 31, 2012, AlphaCat Re 2011 and AlphaCat Re 2012 incurred Hurricane Sandy net losses of $25.0 million and $7.5 million, respectively. The AlphaCat segment's portion of incurred losses and loss expenses related to Hurricane Sandy was $8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 and are included in 'income from operating affiliates'.
Talbot. Talbot losses and loss expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $127.2 million compared to $108.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $18.3 million or 16.8%. The loss ratio defined as losses and loss expenses divided by net premiums earned, was 61.1% and 52.0% for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Talbot incurred losses of $164.6 million related to current year losses and $37.4 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. For the three months ended December 31, 2012, favorable loss reserve development on prior accident years benefited the Talbot loss ratio by 18.0 percentage points. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Talbot incurred losses of $144.6 million related to current year losses and $35.7 million in favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, favorable loss reserve development on prior accident years benefited the Talbot loss ratio by 17.0 percentage points.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Talbot incurred $78.4 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 37.7 percentage points of the overall loss ratio. Net of $1.6 million of reinstatement premiums, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $76.8 million. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Talbot incurred $31.2 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 14.9 percentage points of the overall loss ratio. Talbot loss ratios, excluding notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development, for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 41.4% and 54.1%, respectively. Details of Talbot loss ratios by line of business and period of occurrence are provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | Percentage Point Change | ||||||
Property—current period excluding items below | 33.5 | % | 83.8 | % | (50.3 | ) | ||
Property—current period—notable losses | 97.8 | % | 68.9 | % | 28.9 | |||
Property—change in prior accident years | (30.5 | )% | (34.8 | )% | 4.3 | |||
Property—loss ratio | 100.8 | % | 117.9 | % | (17.1 | ) | ||
Marine—current period excluding items below | 45.3 | % | 48.2 | % | (2.9 | ) | ||
Marine—current period—notable losses | 30.2 | % | 1.1 | % | 29.1 | |||
Marine—change in prior accident years | (19.0 | )% | (11.3 | )% | (7.7 | ) | ||
Marine—loss ratio | 56.5 | % | 38.0 | % | 18.5 | |||
Specialty—current period excluding items below | 41.8 | % | 45.6 | % | (3.8 | ) | ||
Specialty—current period—notable losses | 8.9 | % | 2.3 | % | 6.6 | |||
Specialty—change in prior accident years | (8.9 | )% | (14.3 | )% | 5.4 | |||
Specialty—loss ratio | 41.8 | % | 33.6 | % | 8.2 | |||
All lines—current period excluding items below | 41.4 | % | 54.1 | % | (12.7 | ) | ||
All lines—current period—notable losses | 37.7 | % | 14.9 | % | 22.8 | |||
All lines—change in prior accident years | (18.0 | )% | (17.0 | )% | (1.0 | ) | ||
All lines—loss ratio | 61.1 | % | 52.0 | % | 9.1 | |||
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Talbot property lines losses and loss expenses included $61.2 million related to current year losses and $14.2 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The prior year favorable loss reserve development was due to lower than expected claims development on attritional and large losses. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Talbot property lines losses and loss expenses included $62.8 million related to current year losses and $14.3 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The prior year favorable loss reserve development was attributable to lower than expected claims development on large losses.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Talbot property lines incurred $45.6 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 97.8 percentage points of the property lines loss ratio. Net of $1.2 million of reinstatement premiums, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $44.3 million. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Talbot’s property lines incurred $28.3 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 68.9 percentage points of the property lines loss ratio. Talbot property line loss ratio, excluding notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 33.5% and 83.8%, respectively.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Talbot marine lines losses and loss expenses included $65.4 million related to current year losses and $16.5 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The prior year favorable loss reserve development was due primarily to lower than expected claims development on attritional losses. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Talbot marine lines losses and loss expenses included $44.1 million related to current year losses and $10.1 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The prior year favorable loss reserve development was primarily due to favorable development on attritional losses.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Talbot marine lines incurred $26.2 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 30.2 percentage points of the marine lines loss ratio. Net of $0.9 million of reinstatement premiums, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $25.2 million. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Talbot’s marine lines incurred $1.0 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 1.1 percentage points of the marine lines loss ratio. Talbot marine lines loss ratios, excluding notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 45.3% and 48.2%, respectively.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Talbot specialty lines losses and loss expenses included $38.0 million relating to current year losses and $6.7 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The prior year favorable loss reserve development was attributable to lower than expected claims development on attritional losses. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Talbot specialty lines losses and loss expenses included $37.8 million relating to current year losses and $11.3 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The prior year favorable loss reserve development was primarily due to favorable development on attritional losses.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Talbot specialty lines incurred $6.7 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 8.9 percentage points of the specialty lines loss ratio. Net of $(0.5) million of reinstatement premiums, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $7.2 million. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, Talbot’s specialty lines incurred $1.9 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 2.3 percentage points of the specialty lines loss ratio. Talbot specialty lines loss ratios, excluding notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 41.8% and 45.6%, respectively.
Reserves for Losses and Loss Expenses
At December 31, 2012 and 2011, gross and net reserves for losses and loss expenses were estimated using the methodology as outlined in the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates as discussed above. The Company did not make any significant changes in assumptions or methodology used in its reserving process for the year ended December 31, 2012.
As at December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Case Reserves | Gross IBNR | Total Gross Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses | |||||||||
Property | $ | 930,553 | $ | 892,227 | $ | 1,822,780 | ||||||
Marine | 522,907 | 477,948 | 1,000,855 | |||||||||
Specialty | 265,638 | 428,300 | 693,938 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 1,719,098 | $ | 1,798,475 | $ | 3,517,573 | ||||||
As at December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Case Reserves | Net IBNR | Total Net Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses | |||||||||
Property | $ | 768,722 | $ | 803,182 | $ | 1,571,904 | ||||||
Marine | 465,080 | 438,009 | 903,089 | |||||||||
Specialty | 230,584 | 372,029 | 602,613 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 1,464,386 | $ | 1,613,220 | $ | 3,077,606 | ||||||
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of gross and net reserves for losses and loss expenses by segment for the three months ended December 31, 2012:
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Validus Re Segment | AlphaCat Segment | Talbot Segment | Eliminations | Total | |||||||||||||||
Gross reserves at period beginning | $ | 1,216,560 | $ | 10,000 | $ | 1,422,568 | $ | (86,524 | ) | $ | 2,562,604 | |||||||||
Losses recoverable | (38,371 | ) | — | (365,405 | ) | 86,524 | (317,252 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net reserves at period beginning | 1,178,189 | 10,000 | 1,057,163 | — | 2,245,352 | |||||||||||||||
Net reserves acquired in Flagstone acquisition | 639,641 | — | — | — | 639,641 | |||||||||||||||
Incurred losses—current year | 350,926 | — | 164,605 | — | 515,531 | |||||||||||||||
Change in prior accident years | (19,796 | ) | — | (37,425 | ) | — | (57,221 | ) | ||||||||||||
Incurred losses | 331,130 | — | 127,180 | — | 458,310 | |||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange | (1,804 | ) | — | 2,747 | — | 943 | ||||||||||||||
Paid losses | (172,907 | ) | (5,000 | ) | (88,733 | ) | — | (266,640 | ) | |||||||||||
Net reserves at period end | 1,974,249 | 5,000 | 1,098,357 | — | 3,077,606 | |||||||||||||||
Losses recoverable | 148,646 | — | 381,950 | (90,629 | ) | 439,967 | ||||||||||||||
Gross reserves at period end | $ | 2,122,895 | $ | 5,000 | $ | 1,480,307 | $ | (90,629 | ) | $ | 3,517,573 | |||||||||
The amount of recorded reserves represents management’s best estimate of expected losses and loss expenses on premiums earned. For the three months ended December 31, 2012, favorable loss reserve development on prior accident years was $57.2 million of which, $19.8 million of the favorable loss reserve development related to the Validus Re segment and $37.4 million related to the Talbot segment. Favorable loss reserve development benefited the Company’s loss ratio by 11.5 percentage points for the three months ended December 31, 2012. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, favorable loss reserve development
on prior accident years was $42.8 million, of which, $7.1 million related to the Validus Re segment and $35.7 million related to the Talbot segment. Favorable loss reserve development benefited the Company’s loss ratio by 8.8 percentage points for the three months ended December 31, 2011.
Management of insurance and reinsurance companies use significant judgment in the estimation of reserves for losses and loss expenses. Given the magnitude of recent loss events and other uncertainties inherent in loss estimation, meaningful uncertainty remains regarding the estimation for recent notable loss events. The Company's actual ultimate net loss may vary materially from these estimates. Ultimate losses for notable loss events are estimated through detailed review of contracts which are identified by the Company as potentially exposed to the specific notable loss event. However, there can be no assurance that the ultimate loss amount estimated for a specific contract will be accurate, or that all contracts with exposure to a specific notable loss event will be identified in a timely manner. Potential losses in excess of the estimated ultimate loss assigned to a contract on the basis of a specific review, or loss amounts from contracts not specifically included in the detailed review are reserved for in the reserve for potential development on notable loss events. The reserve for potential development on notable loss events (or “RDE”) is included as part of the Company's overall reserve requirement as defined and disclosed in the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates section above. As at September 30, 2012, the reserve for potential development on 2010 and 2011 notable loss events was $nil and $51.3 million, respectively. During the three months ended December 31, 2012, the Company increased certain loss estimates and allocated $9.1 million of 2011 RDE to the Christchurch earthquake, the Thailand floods and the Gryphon Alpha mooring failure. As at December 31, 2012, the reserve for potential development on 2010 and 2011 notable loss events was $nil and $42.2 million, respectively. No RDE was established for 2012 notable losses.
Policy Acquisition Costs
Policy acquisition costs for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $81.8 million compared to $81.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $0.6 million or 0.7%. Policy acquisition costs as a percent of net premiums earned for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 16.4% and 16.6%, respectively. The changes in policy acquisition costs are due to the factors provided below.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | % Change | ||||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 29,237 | 35.8 | % | 11.7 | % | $ | 26,753 | 32.9 | % | 11.3 | % | 9.3 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 29,429 | 36.0 | % | 20.1 | % | 31,603 | 38.9 | % | 21.5 | % | (6.9 | )% | |||||||||||
Specialty | 23,148 | 28.3 | % | 22.7 | % | 22,897 | 28.2 | % | 21.9 | % | 1.1 | % | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 81,814 | 100.1 | % | 16.4 | % | $ | 81,253 | 100.0 | % | 16.6 | % | 0.7 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Validus Re. Validus Re policy acquisition costs for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $40.7 million compared to $39.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $1.5 million or 3.8%.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | % Change | ||||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 25,820 | 63.4 | % | 13.0 | % | $ | 24,734 | 63.0 | % | 14.6 | % | 4.4 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 10,526 | 25.9 | % | 17.5 | % | 11,165 | 28.5 | % | 19.4 | % | (5.7 | )% | |||||||||||
Specialty | 4,357 | 10.7 | % | 16.1 | % | 3,328 | 8.5 | % | 12.8 | % | 30.9 | % | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 40,703 | 100.0 | % | 14.3 | % | $ | 39,227 | 100.0 | % | 15.5 | % | 3.8 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Policy acquisition costs include brokerage, commission and excise tax, are generally driven by contract terms, are normally a set percentage of premiums and are also net of ceding commission income on retrocessions. Items such as ceded premium, earned premium adjustments and reinstatement premiums that are recognized in the period have an effect on the policy acquisition costs ratio. Validus Re policy acquisition costs as a percent of net premiums earned (the policy acquisition cost ratio) for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 14.3% and 15.5%, respectively. The policy acquisition cost ratio on the specialty line has increased by 3.3 percentage points due to certain large proportional contracts that have higher policy acquisition cost ratios.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat policy acquisition costs for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $0.6 million compared to $3.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $2.7 million or 82.3%.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | % Change | ||||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 589 | 100.0 | % | 10.0 | % | $ | 3,331 | 100.0 | % | 12.6 | % | (82.3 | )% | |||||||||
Total | $ | 589 | 100.0 | % | 10.0 | % | $ | 3,331 | 100.0 | % | 12.6 | % | (82.3 | )% | |||||||||
Policy acquisition costs as a percent of net premiums earned for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 10.0% and 12.6%, respectively.
Talbot. Talbot policy acquisition costs for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $41.7 million compared to $41.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $0.6 million or 1.4%.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | % Change | ||||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 4,648 | 11.1 | % | 10.0 | % | $ | 1,053 | 2.5 | % | 2.6 | % | 341.4 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 18,269 | 43.8 | % | 21.1 | % | 20,523 | 49.9 | % | 22.9 | % | (11.0 | )% | |||||||||||
Specialty | 18,828 | 45.1 | % | 25.1 | % | 19,584 | 47.6 | % | 24.8 | % | (3.9 | )% | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 41,745 | 100.0 | % | 20.1 | % | $ | 41,160 | 100.0 | % | 19.7 | % | 1.4 | % | |||||||||
Policy acquisition costs as a percent of net premiums earned for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 20.1% and 19.7%, respectively. The policy acquisition ratio on the property line increased by 7.4 percentage points primarily due to a decrease in the ceding acquisition rates on the onshore energy lines.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $65.1 million compared to $52.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $12.8 million or 24.6%.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | General and Administrative Expenses | General and Administrative Expenses (%) | General and Administrative Expenses | General and Administrative Expenses (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Validus Re | $ | 14,716 | 22.6 | % | $ | 11,716 | 22.4 | % | 25.6 | % | |||||||
AlphaCat | 2,011 | 3.1 | % | 6,807 | 13.0 | % | (70.5 | )% | |||||||||
Talbot | 32,371 | 49.7 | % | 29,676 | 56.8 | % | 9.1 | % | |||||||||
Corporate & Eliminations(b) | 15,997 | 24.6 | % | 4,054 | 7.8 | % | 294.6 | % | |||||||||
Total | $ | 65,095 | 100.0 | % | $ | 52,253 | 100.0 | % | 24.6 | % | |||||||
(a) The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition.
(b) | Corporate and Eliminations includes legal entity adjustments |
General and administrative expenses of $65.1 million in the three months ended December 31, 2012 represents 13.0 percentage points of the expense ratio. Share compensation expense is discussed in the following section.
Validus Re. Validus Re general and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $14.7 million compared to $11.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $3.0 million or 25.6%. General and administrative expenses have increased primarily due to the Company consolidating the general and administrative expenses as a result of the acquisition of Flagstone. General and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits, professional fees, rent and office expenses. Validus Re general and administrative expenses as a percent of net premiums earned for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 5.2% and 4.6%, respectively.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat general and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $2.0 million as compared to $6.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $4.8 million or 70.5%. General and administrative expenses have decreased primarily due to the deconsolidation of AlphaCat Re 2011 as at December 31, 2011.
AlphaCat’s general and administrative expenses as a percent of net premiums earned for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 34.1% and 25.7%, respectively. The AlphaCat segment’s general and administrative ratio has been impacted by the reduction in net premiums earned as a greater proportion of the segment’s revenues are generated in equity earnings from operating affiliates which is not included in the ratio calculation.
Talbot. Talbot general and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $32.4 million compared to $29.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $2.7 million or 9.1%. General and administrative expenses have increased primarily due to an increase in performance bonus expense for the three months ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2011. Talbot’s general and administrative expenses as a percent of net premiums earned for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 15.6% and 14.2%, respectively.
Corporate & Eliminations. Corporate general and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $16.0 million compared to $4.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $11.9 million or 294.6%. General and administrative expenses have increased primarily due to an increase in performance bonus expense as well as a decrease in eliminations between segments. Corporate general and administrative expenses are comprised of executive and board expenses, internal and external audit expenses and other costs relating to the Company as a whole.
Share Compensation Expenses
Share compensation expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $7.1 million compared to $7.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $0.1 million or 1.5%. This expense is non-cash and has no net effect on total shareholders’ equity, as it is balanced by an increase in additional paid-in capital.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Share Compensation Expenses | Share Compensation Expenses (%) | Share Compensation Expenses | Share Compensation Expenses (%) | % Change | ||||||||||||
Validus Re | $ | 1,849 | 25.9 | % | $ | 2,191 | 30.3 | % | (15.6 | )% | |||||||
AlphaCat | 84 | 1.2 | % | 33 | 0.5 | % | 154.5 | % | |||||||||
Talbot | 2,442 | 34.3 | % | 1,934 | 26.7 | % | 26.3 | % | |||||||||
Corporate & Eliminations (b) | 2,751 | 38.6 | % | 3,079 | 42.5 | % | (10.7 | )% | |||||||||
Total | $ | 7,126 | 100.0 | % | $ | 7,237 | 100.0 | % | (1.5 | )% | |||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | Corporate and Eliminations includes legal entity adjustments. |
Share compensation expenses of $7.1 million in the three months ended December 31, 2012 represents 1.5 percentage points of the general and administrative expense ratio.
Validus Re. Validus Re share compensation expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $1.8 million compared to $2.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $0.3 million or 15.6%. Share compensation expense as a percent of net premiums earned for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 0.6% and 0.9%, respectively.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat share compensation expense as a percent of net premiums earned for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 1.5% and 0.1%, respectively.
Talbot. Talbot share compensation expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was $2.4 million compared to $1.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $0.5 million or 26.3%. Share compensation expense as a percent of net premiums earned for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 1.1% and 0.9%, respectively.
Corporate & Eliminations. Corporate share compensation expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $2.8 million compared to $3.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $0.3 million or 10.7%.
Selected Ratios
The underwriting results of an insurance or reinsurance company are often measured by reference to its combined ratio, which is the sum of the loss ratio and the expense ratio. The net loss ratio is calculated by dividing losses and loss expenses incurred (including estimates for incurred but not reported losses) by net premiums earned. The expense ratio is calculated by dividing policy acquisition costs combined with general and administrative expenses (including share compensation expenses)
by net premiums earned. The following table presents the losses and loss expense ratio, policy acquisition cost ratio, general and administrative expense ratio, expense ratio and combined ratio for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | Percentage Point Change | ||||||
Consolidated | ||||||||
Losses and loss expense ratio | 91.8 | % | 68.6 | % | 23.2 | |||
Policy acquisition cost ratio | 16.4 | % | 16.6 | % | (0.2 | ) | ||
General and administrative expense ratio (b) | 14.5 | % | 12.2 | % | 2.3 | |||
Expense ratio | 30.9 | % | 28.8 | % | 2.1 | |||
Combined ratio | 122.7 | % | 97.4 | % | 25.3 | |||
Validus Re | ||||||||
Losses and loss expense ratio | 116.1 | % | 85.5 | % | 30.6 | |||
Policy acquisition cost ratio | 14.3 | % | 15.5 | % | (1.2 | ) | ||
General and administrative expense ratio (b) | 5.8 | % | 5.5 | % | 0.3 | |||
Expense ratio | 20.1 | % | 21.0 | % | (0.9 | ) | ||
Combined ratio | 136.2 | % | 106.5 | % | 29.7 | |||
AlphaCat | ||||||||
Losses and loss expense ratio | 0.0 | % | 37.7 | % | (37.7 | ) | ||
Policy acquisition cost ratio | 10.0 | % | 12.6 | % | (2.6 | ) | ||
General and administrative expense ratio (b) | 35.6 | % | 25.8 | % | 9.8 | |||
Expense ratio | 45.6 | % | 38.4 | % | 7.2 | |||
Combined ratio | 45.6 | % | 76.1 | % | (30.5 | ) | ||
Talbot | ||||||||
Losses and loss expense ratio | 61.1 | % | 52.0 | % | 9.1 | |||
Policy acquisition cost ratio | 20.1 | % | 19.7 | % | 0.4 | |||
General and administrative expense ratio (b) | 16.7 | % | 15.1 | % | 1.6 | |||
Expense ratio | 36.8 | % | 34.8 | % | 2.0 | |||
Combined ratio | 97.9 | % | 86.8 | % | 11.1 | |||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) Includes general and administrative expenses and share compensation expenses.
General and administrative expense ratios for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 14.5% and 12.2%, respectively. General and administrative expense ratio is the sum of general and administrative expenses and share compensation expense divided by net premiums earned.
Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | |||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Expenses | Expenses as % of Net Earned Premiums | Expenses | Expenses as % of Net Earned Premiums | ||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | $ | 65,095 | 13.0 | % | $ | 52,253 | 10.7 | % | ||||||
Share compensation expenses | 7,126 | 1.5 | % | 7,237 | 1.5 | % | ||||||||
Total | $ | 72,221 | 14.5 | % | $ | 59,490 | 12.2 | % | ||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Underwriting (Loss) Income
Underwriting loss for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was $(113.1) million compared to income of $12.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $125.8 million, or 985.1%.
(Dollars in thousands) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | % of Sub-total | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | % of Sub-total | % Change | ||||||||||||
Validus Re | $ | (103,134 | ) | 108.0 | % | $ | (16,556 | ) | (94.9 | )% | (522.9 | )% | |||||
AlphaCat | 3,207 | (3.4 | )% | 6,340 | 36.3 | % | (49.4 | )% | |||||||||
Talbot | 4,393 | (4.6 | )% | 27,658 | 158.6 | % | (84.1 | )% | |||||||||
Sub-total | (95,534 | ) | 100.0 | % | 17,442 | 100.0 | % | (647.7 | )% | ||||||||
Corporate & Eliminations (b) | (17,525 | ) | (4,668 | ) | (275.4 | )% | |||||||||||
Total | $ | (113,059 | ) | $ | 12,774 | (985.1 | )% | ||||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | Corporate and Eliminations include legal entity adjustments. |
The underwriting results of an insurance or reinsurance company are also often measured by reference to its underwriting income, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. Underwriting income, as set out in the table below, is reconciled to net income (the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure) by the addition or subtraction of certain Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) line items, as illustrated below.
(Dollars in thousands) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||
Underwriting (loss) income | $ | (113,059 | ) | $ | 12,774 | |||
Net investment income | 28,802 | 28,080 | ||||||
Other income | 187 | 3,517 | ||||||
Finance expenses | (14,510 | ) | (13,520 | ) | ||||
Net realized (losses) gains on investments | (4,516 | ) | 5,355 | |||||
Net unrealized (losses) gains on investments | (35,857 | ) | 2,159 | |||||
Gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses | 21,485 | — | ||||||
Transaction expenses | — | (3,850 | ) | |||||
(Loss) from investment affiliate | (406 | ) | — | |||||
Foreign exchange gains | 1,181 | 266 | ||||||
Tax (expense) benefit | (615 | ) | 226 | |||||
(Loss) from operating affiliates | (614 | ) | — | |||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (117,922 | ) | $ | 35,007 | |||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Underwriting income indicates the performance of the Company’s core underwriting function, excluding revenues and expenses such as the reconciling items in the table above. The Company believes the reporting of underwriting income enhances the understanding of our results by highlighting the underlying profitability of the Company’s core insurance and reinsurance business. Underwriting profitability is influenced significantly by earned premium growth, adequacy of the Company’s pricing and loss frequency and severity. Underwriting profitability over time is also influenced by the Company’s underwriting discipline, which seeks to manage exposure to loss through favorable risk selection and diversification, its management of claims, its use of reinsurance and its ability to manage its expense ratio, which it accomplishes through its management of acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses. The Company believes that underwriting income provides investors with a valuable measure of profitability derived from underwriting activities.
The Company excludes the U.S. GAAP measures noted above, in particular net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments, from its calculation of underwriting income because the amount of these gains and losses is heavily influenced by, and fluctuates in part, according to availability of investment market opportunities. The Company believes these amounts are largely independent of its underwriting business and including them distorts the analysis of trends in its operations. In addition to presenting net income determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company believes that showing underwriting income enables investors, analysts, rating agencies and other users of its financial information to more easily analyze the Company’s results of operations in a manner similar to how management analyzes the Company’s underlying business performance. The Company uses underwriting income as a primary measure of underwriting results in its analysis of historical financial information and when performing its budgeting and forecasting processes. Analysts, investors and rating agencies who follow the Company
request this non-GAAP financial information on a regular basis. In addition, underwriting income is one of the factors considered by the compensation committee of our Board of Directors in determining the total annual incentive compensation.
Underwriting income should not be viewed as a substitute for U.S. GAAP net income as there are inherent material limitations associated with the use of underwriting income as compared to using net income, which is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure. The most significant limitation is the ability of users of the financial information to make comparable assessments of underwriting income with other companies, particularly as underwriting income may be defined or calculated differently by other companies. Therefore, the Company provides more prominence in this filing to the use of the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, net income, which includes the reconciling items in the table above. The Company compensates for these limitations by providing both clear and transparent disclosure of net income and reconciliation of underwriting income to net income.
Net Investment Income
Net investment income for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was $28.8 million compared to $28.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $0.7 million or 2.6%. Net investment income increased due to the Flagstone acquisition. Net investment income is comprised of accretion of premium or discount on fixed maturities, interest on coupon-paying bonds, short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents, partially offset by investment management fees. The components of net investment income for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as provided below.
(Dollars in thousands) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Three Months Ended December 31, 2011 | % Change | ||||||||
Fixed maturities and short-term investments | $ | 26,487 | $ | 27,740 | (4.5 | )% | |||||
Other investments | 2,790 | — | NM | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,723 | 2,153 | (20.0 | )% | |||||||
Securities lending income | 5 | 27 | (81.5 | )% | |||||||
Total gross investment income | 31,005 | 29,920 | 3.6 | % | |||||||
Investment expenses | (2,203 | ) | (1,840 | ) | (19.7 | )% | |||||
Net investment income | $ | 28,802 | $ | 28,080 | 2.6 | % | |||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
NM: Not meaningful
Annualized investment yield is calculated by dividing net investment income (excluding other investments) by the average balance of the assets managed by our portfolio managers (excluding other investments). Average assets is the average of the beginning, ending and intervening quarter end asset balances. Percentages for the quarter periods are annualized. The Company’s annualized effective investment yield was 1.53% and 1.84% for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 respectively, and the average duration of the portfolio at December 31, 2012 was 1.34 years (December 31, 2011—1.63 years).
The annualized effective investment yield decreased for the three months ended December 31, 2012 due to the consolidation of the Flagstone investment portfolio which included $1,060.4 million in cash and short term investments, or 72.4% of Flagstone's total investments and cash as at December 31, 2012. Excluding the effect of the consolidation of the Flagstone investment portfolio, the annualized effective investment yield would have been 1.69% for the three months ended December 31, 2012. Overall yield has decreased due to falling yields on fixed maturity investments.
Other Income
Other income for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was $0.2 million compared to $3.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $3.3 million or 94.7%. The decrease was due primarily to a reduction in Talbot third party income and the deconsolidation of AlphaCat Re 2011 as at December 31, 2011. AlphaCat Re 2011 was a consolidated subsidiary during the three months ended December 31, 2011. The balance sheet of AlphaCat Re 2011 was deconsolidated as at December 31, 2011.
Finance Expenses
Finance expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $14.5 million compared to $13.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $1.0 million or 7.3%. Finance expenses also include the amortization of debt offering costs and discounts, and fees related to our credit facilities.
Three Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2012 (a) | 2011 | % Change | ||||||||
2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | $ | 2,235 | $ | 1,496 | 49.4 | % | |||||
2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | 1,850 | 3,029 | (38.9 | )% | |||||||
2010 Senior Notes due 2040 | 5,596 | 5,597 | 0.0 | % | |||||||
Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | 459 | — | NM | ||||||||
Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | 327 | — | NM | ||||||||
Credit facilities | 1,469 | 1,671 | (12.1 | )% | |||||||
Bank charges | 138 | 218 | 22.9 | % | |||||||
AlphaCat Re 2011 fees (b) | — | 1,497 | (100.0 | )% | |||||||
AlphaCat ILS Funds fees (c) | 2,432 | — | NM | ||||||||
Talbot FAL Facility | 4 | 12 | (66.7 | )% | |||||||
Finance expenses | $ | 14,510 | $ | 13,520 | 7.3 | % | |||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) Includes preferred share dividends and finance expenses attributable to AlphaCat Re 2011.
(c) Includes finance expenses incurred by AlphaCat Managers, Ltd. in relation to the AlphaCat ILS funds and fund-raising for AlphaCat 2013.
NM: Not Meaningful
The increase in finance expenses of $1.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was due primarily to placements fees incurred by AlphaCat for its investments in ILS Funds of $2.4 million, partially offset by a $1.5 million decrease in the preferred dividends and finance expenses attributable to AlphaCat Re 2011.
Tax (Expense) Benefit
Tax expense for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was $(0.6) million compared to a benefit of $0.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, an increase in expense of $0.8 million. The increase was primarily due to higher profit commission, UK taxable profit and Canadian tax charge, partially offset by a higher bonus deduction.
The Company provides for income taxes based upon amounts reported in the financial statements and the provisions of currently enacted tax laws. The Company is registered in Bermuda and is subject to Bermuda law with respect to taxation. Under current Bermuda law, the Company is not taxed on any Bermuda income or capital gains and has received an undertaking from the Bermuda Minister of Finance that, in the event of any Bermuda income or capital gains taxes being imposed, the Company will be exempt from those taxes until March 31, 2035.
Within the segment information contained in the Financial Statements, gross premiums written allocated to the territory of coverage exposure are presented for the periods indicated. Gross premiums written allocated to the United States are written primarily through Validus Reinsurance, Ltd., a Bermuda Registered Reinsurance Company. As noted, under current Bermuda law, the Company is not taxed on any Bermuda income and therefore the premium disclosed in the segment information does not correlate to pre-tax income generated in the United States.
(Loss) Income From Operating Affiliates
Loss from operating affiliates for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was $(0.6) million, compared to $nil for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $(0.6) million. For the three months ended December 31, 2012, loss from operating affiliates of $(0.6) million relates to equity losses relating to AlphaCat Re 2011 and AlphaCat Re 2012.
In the second quarter of 2011, AlphaCat Re 2011 was included in the consolidated results of the Company, therefore there was no comparative information for the three months ended December 31, 2011. As at December 31, 2012, the Company owned 22.3% of AlphaCat Re 2011, therefore loss from operating affiliates reflects the Company’s share of AlphaCat Re 2011’s net loss for the three months ended December 31, 2012.
AlphaCat Re 2012 was formed on May 29, 2012 therefore there was no comparative information for the three months ended December 31, 2011. As at December 31, 2012, the Company owned 37.9% of AlphaCat Re 2012, therefore loss from operating affiliates reflects the Company’s share of AlphaCat Re 2012’s net loss for the three months ended December 31, 2012.
Gain on Bargain Purchase, Net of Expenses
On November 30, 2012, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Flagstone. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company acquired all of Flagstone’s outstanding common shares in exchange for the Company’s common shares and cash. The purchase price paid by the Company was $646.0 million for net assets acquired of $695.7 million. The Company expensed as incurred $2.0 million of transaction expenses, $20.2 million of termination expenses and $6.0 million for amortization of intangibles related to the acquisition for the three months ended December 31, 2012, resulting in a gain on bargain purchase of $21.5 million. Transaction expenses are comprised of primarily legal and corporate advisory services.
Net Realized (Losses) Gains on Investments
Net realized losses on investments for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $(4.5) million compared to gains of $5.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $9.9 million or 184.3%.
Net Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Investments
Net unrealized losses on fixed maturities and short term investments for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $(3.1) million compared to gains of $1.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $5.0 million or 263.2%.
Net unrealized losses on other investments for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $(32.8) million compared to gains of $0.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011. Net unrealized losses for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were driven primarily by a $(31.3) million unrealized loss relating to the Paulson & Co. hedge fund investments held by PaCRe. The amount of net unrealized losses attributable to noncontrolling interest was $(28.2) million for the three months ended December 31, 2012, leaving a net impact to the Company of $(3.1) million.
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments are recorded as a component of net income. The Company has adopted all authoritative guidance on U.S. GAAP fair value measurements in effect as of the balance sheet date. Consistent with these standards, certain market conditions allow for fair value measurements that incorporate unobservable inputs where active market transaction based measurements are unavailable.
Loss From Investment Affiliate
The loss from investment affiliate for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was $(0.4) million compared to $nil for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $(0.4) million. The loss from investment affiliate relates to the loss incurred in the Company’s investment in the Aquiline Financial Services Fund II L.P. for the three months ended December 31, 2012. As at December 31, 2011, the investment in the Aquiline Financial Services Fund II L.P was included in other investments.
Foreign Exchange Gains
Foreign exchange gains for the three months ended December 31, 2012 were $1.2 million compared to $0.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a favorable movement of $0.9 million or 344.0%. For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re recognized foreign exchange gains of $0.2 million and Talbot recognized foreign exchange gains of $1.2 million.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re segment foreign exchange gains were $0.2 million compared to foreign exchange losses of $(0.2) million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a favorable movement of $0.4 million or 196.7%. Validus Re currently hedges foreign currency exposure by balancing assets (primarily cash and premium receivables) with liabilities (primarily case reserves and event IBNR) for certain major non-USD currencies. Consequently, Validus Re aims to have a limited exposure to foreign exchange fluctuations.
For the three months ended December 31, 2012, Talbot segment foreign exchange gains were $1.2 million compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011, a favorable movement of $0.7 million or 168.7%. The favorable movement in Talbot foreign exchange was due primarily to a $0.6 million gain due to the revaluation of assets held in Euros and other currencies.
As at December 31, 2012, Talbot’s balance sheet includes net unearned premiums and deferred acquisition costs denominated in foreign currencies of approximately $107.4 million and $21.5 million, respectively. These balances consisted of British pound sterling and Canadian dollars of $78.0 million and $7.9 million, respectively. Net unearned premiums and deferred acquisition costs are classified as non-monetary items and are translated at historic exchange rates. All of Talbot’s other balance sheet items are classified as monetary items and are translated at period end exchange rates. Additional foreign exchange gains (losses) may be incurred on the translation of net unearned premiums and deferred acquisition costs arising from insurance and reinsurance premiums written in future periods.
Net Loss (Income) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
On April 2, 2012, the Company capitalized PaCRe, a new Class 4 Bermuda reinsurer formed for the purpose of writing high excess property catastrophe reinsurance. PaCRe was funded with $500.0 million of contributed capital. Validus invested $50.0 million in PaCRe’s common equity and therefore owns 10.0% of PaCRe. The net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest of $27.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2012 was calculated as 90.0% of the net loss in PaCRe for the quarter.
On May 25, 2011, the Company joined with other investors in capitalizing AlphaCat Re 2011, a new special purpose reinsurer formed for the purpose of writing collateralized reinsurance and retrocessional reinsurance. Validus Re has an equity interest in AlphaCat Re 2011 and Validus Re held a majority of AlphaCat Re 2011’s outstanding voting rights up to December 23, 2011 when AlphaCat Re 2011 completed a secondary offering of its common shares to third party investors, along with a partial sale of Validus Re common shares to one of the third party investors. As a result of these transactions, the Company’s outstanding voting rights decreased to 43.7%. As a result of the Company’s voting interest falling below 50%, the individual assets and liabilities and corresponding noncontrolling interest of AlphaCat Re 2011 were derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as at December 31, 2011 and the remaining investment in AlphaCat Re 2011 is treated as an equity method investment as at December 31, 2012. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, the Company recorded $(7.7) million in net income attributable to noncontrolling interest relating to AlphaCat Re 2011.
Transaction Expenses
During the three months ended December 31, 2012, the Company incurred $nil in transaction expenses compared to $3.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2011. For the three months ended December 31, 2011, the Company incurred transaction expenses related to its proposed acquisition of Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. (“Transatlantic”). The transaction expenses related to the November 30, 2012 acquisition of Flagstone are netted against the gain on bargain purchase. Refer to the section above entitled "Gain on Bargain Purchase, Net of Expenses." Transaction expenses are primarily comprised of legal, financial advisory and audit related services.
The following table presents results of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010:
Three Months Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2012 (a) | 2011 | 2012 (a) | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 311,847 | $ | 278,279 | $ | 2,166,440 | $ | 2,124,691 | 1,990,566 | |||||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (35,659 | ) | (16,489 | ) | (307,506 | ) | (289,241 | ) | (229,482 | ) | ||||||||||
Net premiums written | 276,188 | 261,790 | 1,858,934 | 1,835,450 | 1,761,084 | |||||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 223,098 | 226,556 | 14,282 | (33,307 | ) | 39 | ||||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 499,286 | 488,346 | 1,873,216 | 1,802,143 | 1,761,123 | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 458,310 | 334,829 | 999,446 | 1,244,401 | 987,586 | |||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 81,814 | 81,253 | 334,698 | 314,184 | 292,899 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 65,095 | 52,253 | 263,652 | 197,497 | 209,290 | |||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 7,126 | 7,237 | 26,709 | 34,296 | 28,911 | |||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 612,345 | 475,572 | 1,624,505 | 1,790,378 | 1,518,686 | |||||||||||||||
Underwriting (loss) income (b) | (113,059 | ) | 12,774 | 248,711 | 11,765 | 242,437 | ||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 28,802 | 28,080 | 107,936 | 112,296 | 134,103 | |||||||||||||||
Other income | 187 | 3,517 | 22,396 | 5,718 | 5,219 | |||||||||||||||
Finance expenses | (14,510 | ) | (13,520 | ) | (53,857 | ) | (54,817 | ) | (55,870 | ) | ||||||||||
Operating (loss) income before taxes and (loss) income from oprating affiliates (b) | (98,580 | ) | 30,851 | 325,186 | 74,962 | 325,889 | ||||||||||||||
Tax (expense) benefit | (615 | ) | 226 | (2,501 | ) | (824 | ) | (3,126 | ) | |||||||||||
(Loss) income from operating affiliates | (614 | ) | — | 12,580 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Net operating (loss) income (b) | (99,809 | ) | 31,077 | 335,265 | 74,138 | 322,763 | ||||||||||||||
Gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses (c) | 21,485 | — | 17,701 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Net realized (losses) gains on investments | (4,516 | ) | 5,355 | 18,233 | 28,532 | 32,498 | ||||||||||||||
Net unrealized (losses) gains on investments | (35,857 | ) | 2,159 | 17,585 | (19,991 | ) | 45,952 | |||||||||||||
(Loss) from investment affiliate | (406 | ) | — | (964 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (losses) | 1,181 | 266 | 4,798 | (22,124 | ) | 1,351 | ||||||||||||||
Transaction expenses (d) | — | (3,850 | ) | — | (17,433 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
Net (loss) income | (117,922 | ) | 35,007 | 392,618 | 43,122 | 402,564 | ||||||||||||||
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | 27,206 | (7,683 | ) | 15,820 | (21,793 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
Net (loss) income (attributable) available to Validus | $ | (90,716 | ) | $ | 27,324 | $ | 408,438 | $ | 21,329 | $ | 402,564 | |||||||||
Selected ratios: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net premiums written / Gross premiums written | 88.6 | % | 94.1 | % | 85.8 | % | 86.4 | % | 88.5 | % | ||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 91.8 | % | 68.6 | % | 53.4 | % | 69.1 | % | 56.1 | % | ||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 16.4 | % | 16.6 | % | 17.9 | % | 17.4 | % | 16.6 | % | ||||||||||
General and administrative expenses (e) | 14.5 | % | 12.2 | % | 15.5 | % | 12.9 | % | 13.5 | % | ||||||||||
Expense ratio | 30.9 | % | 28.8 | % | 33.4 | % | 30.3 | % | 30.1 | % | ||||||||||
Combined ratio | 122.7 | % | 97.4 | % | 86.8 | % | 99.4 | % | 86.2 | % | ||||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | Non-GAAP Financial Measures. In presenting the Company’s results, management has included and discussed underwriting income and operating income that are not calculated under standards or rules that comprise U.S. GAAP. Such measures are referred to as non-GAAP. Non-GAAP measures may be defined or calculated differently by other companies. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Reconciliations of these measures to the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, are presented in the section below entitled “Underwriting Income” |
(c) | The gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses, arises from the acquisition of Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings S.A. on November 30, 2012 and is net of transaction related expenses. |
(d) | The transaction expenses relate to costs incurred in connection with the Company’s proposed acquisition of Transatlantic. Transaction expenses are primarily comprised of legal, financial advisory and audit related services. |
(e) | The general and administrative expense ratio includes share compensation expenses. |
Three Months Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2012 (a) | 2011 | 2012 (a) | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||
Validus Re | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 79,233 | $ | 55,851 | $ | 1,131,959 | $ | 1,114,493 | $ | 1,089,443 | ||||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (7,074 | ) | (49 | ) | (144,578 | ) | (150,718 | ) | (63,147 | ) | ||||||||||
Net premiums written | 72,159 | 55,802 | 987,381 | 963,775 | 1,026,296 | |||||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 213,105 | 196,679 | 35,890 | 2,150 | 13,822 | |||||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 285,264 | 252,481 | 1,023,271 | 965,925 | 1,040,118 | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 331,130 | 215,903 | 575,416 | 749,305 | 601,610 | |||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 40,703 | 39,227 | 154,362 | 154,582 | 159,527 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 14,716 | 11,716 | 63,048 | 44,663 | 45,613 | |||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 1,849 | 2,191 | 7,763 | 9,309 | 7,181 | |||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 388,398 | 269,037 | 800,589 | 957,859 | 813,931 | |||||||||||||||
Underwriting (loss) income (b) | (103,134 | ) | (16,556 | ) | 222,682 | 8,066 | 226,187 | |||||||||||||
AlphaCat | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | (4 | ) | $ | (1,323 | ) | $ | 21,603 | $ | 75,727 | $ | 11,796 | ||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Net premiums written | (4 | ) | (1,323 | ) | 21,603 | 75,727 | 11,796 | |||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 5,895 | 27,834 | (3,937 | ) | (9,761 | ) | (714 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 5,891 | 26,511 | 17,666 | 65,966 | 11,082 | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | — | 10,000 | — | 10,000 | — | |||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 589 | 3,331 | 1,774 | 7,946 | 1,072 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 2,011 | 6,807 | 7,532 | 10,929 | 5,327 | |||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 84 | 33 | 279 | 107 | 594 | |||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 2,684 | 20,171 | 9,585 | 28,982 | 6,993 | |||||||||||||||
Underwriting income (b) | 3,207 | 6,340 | 8,081 | 36,984 | 4,089 | |||||||||||||||
Legal Entity adjustments | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 7 | $ | — | $ | 7 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Net premiums written | 7 | — | 7 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | (3,833 | ) | — | (3,833 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | (3,826 | ) | — | (3,826 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | $ | (365 | ) | $ | (1,093 | ) | $ | (390 | ) | $ | (2,394 | ) | $ | — | ||||||
General and administrative expenses | 1,673 | (5,438 | ) | 5,130 | (1,658 | ) | 15,927 | |||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 115 | 196 | 561 | 982 | 80 | |||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 1,423 | (6,335 | ) | 5,301 | (3,070 | ) | 16,007 | |||||||||||||
Underwriting (loss) income(b) | (5,249 | ) | 6,335 | (9,127 | ) | 3,070 | (16,007 | ) | ||||||||||||
Talbot | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 241,100 | $ | 235,242 | $ | 1,078,636 | $ | 1,014,122 | $ | 981,073 | ||||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (37,067 | ) | (27,931 | ) | (228,686 | ) | (218,174 | ) | (258,081 | ) | ||||||||||
Net premiums written | 204,033 | 207,311 | 849,950 | 795,948 | 722,992 | |||||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 4,098 | 2,043 | (17,671 | ) | (25,696 | ) | (13,069 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 208,131 | 209,354 | 832,279 | 770,252 | 709,923 | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 127,180 | 108,926 | 424,030 | 485,096 | 385,976 | |||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 41,745 | 41,160 | 183,926 | 157,334 | 143,769 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 32,371 | 29,676 | 133,281 | 112,072 | 107,557 | |||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 2,442 | 1,934 | 7,789 | 8,582 | 6,923 | |||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 203,738 | 181,696 | 749,026 | 763,084 | 644,225 | |||||||||||||||
Underwriting income (b) | 4,393 | 27,658 | 83,253 | 7,168 | 65,698 | |||||||||||||||
Corporate & Eliminations | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | (8,489 | ) | $ | (11,491 | ) | $ | (65,765 | ) | $ | (79,651 | ) | $ | (91,746 | ) | |||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | 8,482 | 11,491 | 65,758 | 79,651 | 91,746 | |||||||||||||||
Net premiums written | (7 | ) | — | (7 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 3,833 | — | 3,833 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 3,826 | — | 3,826 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | (858 | ) | (1,372 | ) | (4,974 | ) | (3,284 | ) | (11,469 | ) | ||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 14,324 | 9,492 | 54,661 | 31,491 | 34,866 | |||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 2,636 | 2,883 | 10,317 | 15,316 | 14,133 | |||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 16,102 | 11,003 | 60,004 | 43,523 | 37,530 | |||||||||||||||
Underwriting (loss) (b) | (12,276 | ) | (11,003 | ) | (56,178 | ) | (43,523 | ) | (37,530 | ) | ||||||||||
Total underwriting (loss) income (b) | $ | (113,059 | ) | $ | 12,774 | $ | 248,711 | $ | 11,765 | $ | 242,437 | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | Non-GAAP Financial Measures. In presenting the Company’s results, management has included and discussed underwriting income that is not calculated under standards or rules that comprise U.S. GAAP. Such measures are referred to as non-GAAP. Non-GAAP measures may be defined or calculated differently by other companies. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A reconciliation of this measure to net income, the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, is presented in the section below entitled “Underwriting Income.” |
Year Ended December 31, 2012 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2011
Net income available to Validus for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $408.4 million compared to $21.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $387.1 million. The primary factors driving the increase in net income were:
• | Increase in underwriting income of $236.9 million due primarily to: |
• | A $245.0 million decrease in loss and loss expenses and a $71.1 million increase in net premiums earned; |
• | Offset by the following factors: |
◦ | A $20.5 million increase in policy acquisition costs; and |
◦ | A $66.2 million increase in general and administrative expenses, partially offset by a $7.6 million decrease in share compensation expenses; |
• | Increases in other income of $16.7 million and income from operating affiliates of $12.6 million; |
• | Increase in net unrealized gains on investments and foreign exchange of $37.6 million and $26.9 million, respectively; |
• | Decrease in transaction expenses of $17.4 million ($nil in the current year) and a $17.7 million gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses; and |
• | Net loss attributable to controlling interest which resulted in an increase to net income attributable to Validus of $37.6 million. |
The above items were partially offset by the following factors:
• | Unfavorable movement in net investment income and net realized gains on investments of $4.4 million and $10.3 million, respectively. |
The change in net income available to Validus for the year ended December 31, 2012 of $387.1 million as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 is described in the following table:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Decrease (increase) over the year ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Validus Re (a) | AlphaCat | Talbot | Corporate and Eliminations(b) | Total | |||||||||||||||
Notable losses—decrease in net losses and loss expenses (c) | $ | 72,055 | $ | — | $ | 61,240 | $ | — | $ | 133,295 | ||||||||||
Less: Notable losses— increase in net reinstatement premiums (c) | 6,932 | — | 5,898 | — | 12,830 | |||||||||||||||
Other underwriting (loss) income | 135,629 | (28,903 | ) | 8,947 | (24,852 | ) | 90,821 | |||||||||||||
Underwriting income (loss) (d) | 214,616 | (28,903 | ) | 76,085 | (24,852 | ) | 236,946 | |||||||||||||
Net investment income | (4,521 | ) | 503 | (4,070 | ) | 3,728 | (4,360 | ) | ||||||||||||
Other income | (2,305 | ) | 11,763 | (1,452 | ) | 8,672 | 16,678 | |||||||||||||
Finance expenses | (1,166 | ) | 598 | 65 | 1,463 | 960 | ||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) before taxes and income from operating affiliates | 206,624 | (16,039 | ) | 70,628 | (10,989 | ) | 250,224 | |||||||||||||
Tax (expense) | (150 | ) | — | (1,578 | ) | 51 | (1,677 | ) | ||||||||||||
Income from operating affiliates | — | 12,580 | — | — | 12,580 | |||||||||||||||
Net operating income (loss) | 206,474 | (3,459 | ) | 69,050 | (10,938 | ) | 261,127 | |||||||||||||
Gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses | — | — | — | 17,701 | 17,701 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized gains on investments | (9,112 | ) | (315 | ) | (872 | ) | — | (10,299 | ) | |||||||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments | 49,731 | (18,168 | ) | 6,013 | — | 37,576 | ||||||||||||||
(Loss) from investment affiliate | (964 | ) | — | — | — | (964 | ) | |||||||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (losses) | 22,188 | 508 | 4,715 | (489 | ) | 26,922 | ||||||||||||||
Transaction expenses | — | — | — | 17,433 | 17,433 | |||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | 268,317 | (21,434 | ) | 78,906 | 23,707 | 349,496 | ||||||||||||||
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | — | 37,613 | — | — | 37,613 | |||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to Validus | $ | 268,317 | $ | 16,179 | $ | 78,906 | $ | 23,707 | $ | 387,109 | ||||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | The Corporate and Eliminations column includes legal entity adjustments. |
(c) | Notable losses for the year ended December 31, 2012 include: Costa Concordia, Cat 67, U.S. drought, Hurricane Isaac and Hurricane Sandy. Notable losses for the year ended December 31, 2011 include: Tohoku earthquake, Gryphon Alpha mooring failure, Christchurch earthquake, Brisbane floods, CNRL Horizon, Cat 46, Cat 48, Jupiter 1, Danish floods, Hurricane Irene and the Thai floods. Excludes the reserve for potential development on 2011 notable loss events. |
(d) | Non-GAAP Financial Measures. In presenting the Company’s results, management has included and discussed underwriting income (loss) that is not calculated under standards or rules that comprise U.S. GAAP. Such measures are referred to as non-GAAP. Non-GAAP measures may be defined or calculated differently by other companies. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A reconciliation of this measure to net income, the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, is presented in the section below entitled “Underwriting Income”. |
Gross Premiums Written
Gross premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $2,166.4 million compared to $2,124.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $41.7 million or 2.0%. The marine and specialty lines increased by $79.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively, while the property lines decreased by $39.0 million. Details of gross premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 1,060,297 | 48.9 | % | $ | 1,099,303 | 51.7 | % | $ | 1,037,061 | 52.1 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 649,421 | 30.0 | % | 569,981 | 26.9 | % | 525,307 | 26.4 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 456,722 | 21.1 | % | 455,407 | 21.4 | % | 428,198 | 21.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 2,166,440 | 100.0 | % | $ | 2,124,691 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,990,566 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Validus Re. Validus Re gross premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $1,132.0 million compared to $1,114.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $17.5 million or 1.6%. Details of Validus Re gross premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 771,617 | 68.2 | % | $ | 786,937 | 70.6 | % | $ | 778,794 | 71.5 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 257,469 | 22.7 | % | 232,401 | 20.9 | % | 227,135 | 20.8 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 102,873 | 9.1 | % | 95,155 | 8.5 | % | 83,514 | 7.7 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,131,959 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,114,493 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,089,443 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
The decrease in gross premiums written in the property lines of $15.3 million was due primarily to a $25.8 million decrease in renewing premiums written on proportional and per risk excess of loss treaties relating to reduced participation on several large contracts not meeting the Company’s underwriting requirements and a $12.4 million decrease in intercompany premiums written with Talbot. These were partially offset by a $9.3 million increase in new business written in the Singapore branch, a $9.1 million increase in premium adjustments and catastrophe excess of loss business and a $7.4 million increase in premiums relating to the Flagstone acquisition. The increase in gross premiums written of $25.1 million in the marine lines was due to a $24.6 million increase in reinstatement premiums primarily relating to the Costa Concordia event and a $2.8 million increase in premium adjustments on proportional business, slightly offset by a $3.8 million decrease in premiums on new business incepting during the period. The increase in gross premiums written of $7.7 million in the specialty lines was due primarily to a $6.0 million increase in premium adjustments on proportional business, a $3.1 million increase in premiums relating to the Flagstone acquisition and a $2.8 million increase in new business written in the Singapore branch. These were slightly offset by a $2.1 million decrease in premiums on new business incepting during the period and a $2.0 million decrease in intercompany premiums written with Talbot.
Gross premiums written under the quota share, surplus treaty and excess of loss contracts between Validus Re and Talbot for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased by $14.4 million as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. These reinsurance agreements with Talbot are eliminated upon consolidation.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat gross premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $21.6 million compared to $75.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 , a decrease of $54.1 million or 71.5%. Details of AlphaCat gross premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | ||||||||||||
Property | 21,603 | 100.0 | % | 75,727 | 100.0 | % | 11,796 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
Total | 21,603 | 100.0 | % | 75,727 | 100.0 | % | 11,796 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
The decrease in gross premiums written in the property lines of $54.1 million was due primarily to the deconsolidation of AlphaCat Re 2011 which occurred as at December 31, 2011, when the individual assets and liabilities and corresponding noncontrolling interest of AlphaCat Re 2011 were derecognized from the consolidated Balance Sheet of the Company. AlphaCat Re 2011 was consolidated in 2011 until December 31, 2011 whereas in 2012, AlphaCat Re 2011 is accounted for as an equity method operating affiliate. Therefore the comparative renewals are not reflected in gross premiums written in 2012, but are included in gross managed premiums, a comparable measure.
Managed gross premiums written from our non-consolidated affiliates, AlphaCat Re 2011and AlphaCat Re 2012, for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $126.5 million compared to $60.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $66.5 million or 110.8%. Gross premiums written from our consolidated AlphaCat entities for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $21.6 million compared to $15.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $5.9 million or 37.5% .
Gross premiums written with Talbot for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased by $0.5 million as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. These reinsurance agreements with Talbot are eliminated upon consolidation.
Talbot. Talbot gross premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $1,078.6 million compared to $1,014.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $64.5 million or 6.4%. The $1,078.6 million of gross premiums written translated at 2011 rates of exchange would have been $1,081.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, giving an effective increase of $67.6 million or 6.7%. Details of Talbot gross premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | Gross Premiums Written | Gross Premiums Written (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 324,910 | 30.1 | % | $ | 306,317 | 30.2 | % | $ | 314,769 | 32.1 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 396,207 | 36.7 | % | 341,821 | 33.7 | % | 315,102 | 32.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 357,519 | 33.2 | % | 365,984 | 36.1 | % | 351,202 | 35.8 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,078,636 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,014,122 | 100.0 | % | $ | 981,073 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
The increase in gross premiums written in the property lines of $18.6 million was due primarily to a $16.1 million increase in the direct property lines and a $9.1 million increase in the construction lines, partially offset by an $8.3 million decrease in the property treaty lines. During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, Talbot reassessed commission costs on underwriting years 2007 and prior, related to business on the marine class. This resulted in a $14.8 million increase in gross premiums written and earned premium, offset by an equal increase on policy acquisition costs for the marine class, resulting in no net impact. The increase in gross premiums written in the marine lines of $54.4 million was due primarily to a $14.8 million increase in premium adjustments, described above, a $29.9 million increase in premium adjustments in the cargo and offshore energy lines, an $8.0 million increase in premiums written in the marine energy and liability lines and a $4.9 million increase in other treaty lines mainly driven by reinstatement premiums on Hurricane Sandy. These increases were slightly offset by a $2.3 million decrease in premiums written in the hull lines. The decrease in gross premiums written in the specialty lines of $8.5 million was due primarily to a $15.1 million decrease in premiums written in direct aviation and aviation treaty lines. This decrease primarily relates to a premium reassessment of $8.2 million which has no net earned impact on the direct aviation and aviation treaty lines. In addition, there was a $1.7 million decrease in financial institutions lines, partially offset by a $9.3 million increase in political risk lines.
Reinsurance Premiums Ceded
Reinsurance premiums ceded for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $307.5 million compared to $289.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $18.3 million, or 6.3%. The marine and specialty lines increased by $14.0 million and $7.2 million, respectively, while the property lines decreased by $3.0 million. Details of reinsurance premiums ceded by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 206,000 | 67.0 | % | $ | 208,968 | 72.2 | % | $ | 123,383 | 53.7 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 46,853 | 15.2 | % | 32,847 | 11.4 | % | 38,701 | 16.9 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 54,653 | 17.8 | % | 47,426 | 16.4 | % | 67,398 | 29.4 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 307,506 | 100.0 | % | $ | 289,241 | 100.0 | % | $ | 229,482 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Validus Re. Validus Re reinsurance premiums ceded for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $144.6 million compared to $150.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $6.1 million, or 4.1%. Details of Validus Re reinsurance premiums ceded by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 123,610 | 85.5 | % | $ | 136,369 | 90.5 | % | $ | 45,536 | 72.2 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 20,397 | 14.1 | % | 13,848 | 9.2 | % | 17,643 | 27.9 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 571 | 0.4 | % | 501 | 0.3 | % | (32 | ) | (0.1 | )% | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 144,578 | 100.0 | % | $ | 150,718 | 100.0 | % | $ | 63,147 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Reinsurance premiums ceded in the property lines decreased by $12.8 million, due primarily to a $7.9 million decrease in non-proportional retrocessional coverage, a $3.3 million decrease in adjustments from prior periods and a $2.1 million decrease in proportional retrocessional coverage. These were slightly offset by a $0.7 million increase in ceded reinstatement premiums. The reduction in both non-proportional and proportional retrocessional coverage is a result of comparatively higher purchases of this coverage in the three months ended March 31, 2011 prior to, and following, the notable loss events of that quarter. The increase in reinsurance premiums ceded in the marine lines of $6.5 million was due primarily to a $6.0 million increase in non-proportional coverage incepting in the year.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat did not cede reinsurance premiums during the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
Talbot. Talbot reinsurance premiums ceded for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $228.7 million compared to $218.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $10.5 million or 4.8%. Details of Talbot reinsurance premiums ceded by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded | Reinsurance Premiums Ceded (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 140,223 | 61.3 | % | $ | 142,277 | 65.2 | % | $ | 146,145 | 56.6 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 30,711 | 13.4 | % | 23,240 | 10.7 | % | 37,988 | 14.7 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 57,752 | 25.3 | % | 52,657 | 24.1 | % | 73,948 | 28.7 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 228,686 | 100.0 | % | $ | 218,174 | 100.0 | % | $ | 258,081 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
The decrease in reinsurance premiums ceded in the property lines of $2.1 million was due primarily to a $4.1 million decrease in premium ceded in the onshore energy lines and a $2.3 million decrease in property treaty lines, partially offset by a $3.1 million increase in the direct property lines. The increase in reinsurance premiums ceded in the marine lines of $7.5 million was primarily due to an increase in premiums ceded in the energy lines of $5.6 million driven primarily by an increase in reinstatement premiums and prior period adjustments. The increase in reinsurance premiums ceded in the specialty lines of $5.1 million was primarily due to a $4.3 million increase in excess of loss coverage and reinstatement premiums on aviation direct lines.
Reinsurance premiums ceded under the quota share, surplus treaty and excess of loss contracts with Validus Re and AlphaCat for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $65.8 million compared to $79.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $13.9 million. These reinsurance agreements with Validus Re and AlphaCat are eliminated upon consolidation.
Net Premiums Written
Net premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $1,858.9 million compared to $1,835.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $23.5 million, or 1.3%. The ratios of net premiums written to gross premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 85.8% and 86.4%, respectively. Details of net premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 854,297 | 46.0 | % | $ | 890,335 | 48.5 | % | $ | 913,678 | 51.9 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 602,568 | 32.4 | % | 537,134 | 29.3 | % | 486,606 | 27.6 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 402,069 | 21.6 | % | 407,981 | 22.2 | % | 360,800 | 20.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,858,934 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,835,450 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,761,084 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Validus Re. Validus Re net premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $987.4 million compared to $963.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $23.6 million or 2.4%. Details of Validus Re net premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 648,007 | 65.6 | % | $ | 650,568 | 67.5 | % | $ | 733,258 | 71.5 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 237,072 | 24.0 | % | 218,553 | 22.7 | % | 209,492 | 20.4 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 102,302 | 10.4 | % | 94,654 | 9.8 | % | 83,546 | 8.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 987,381 | 100.0 | % | $ | 963,775 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,026,296 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
The increase in Validus Re net premiums written was driven by factors highlighted above in respect of gross premiums written and reinsurance premiums ceded. The ratios of net premiums written to gross premiums written were 87.2% and 86.5% for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat net premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $21.6 million compared to $75.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $54.1 million or 71.5%. Details of AlphaCat net premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 21,603 | 100.0 | % | $ | 75,727 | 100.0 | % | $ | 11,796 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
Total | $ | 21,603 | 100.0 | % | $ | 75,727 | 100.0 | % | $ | 11,796 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
The decrease in AlphaCat net premiums written was driven by the factors highlighted above in respect of gross premiums written. The ratios of net premiums written to gross premiums written were 100.0% for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
Talbot. Talbot net premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $850.0 million compared to $795.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $54.0 million or 6.8%. Details of Talbot net premiums written by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | Net Premiums Written | Net Premiums Written (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 184,687 | 21.7 | % | $ | 164,040 | 20.6 | % | $ | 168,624 | 23.4 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 365,496 | 43.0 | % | 318,581 | 40.0 | % | 277,114 | 38.3 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 299,767 | 35.3 | % | 313,327 | 39.4 | % | 277,254 | 38.3 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 849,950 | 100.0 | % | $ | 795,948 | 100.0 | % | $ | 722,992 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
The increase in Talbot net premiums written was driven by the factors highlighted above in respect of gross premiums written and reinsurance premiums ceded. The ratios of net premiums written to gross premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 78.8% and 78.5%, respectively.
Net Change in Unearned Premiums
Net change in unearned premiums for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $14.3 million compared to $(33.3) million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $47.6 million or 142.9%.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | |||||||||
Change in gross unearned premium | $ | (121,980 | ) | $ | (43,866 | ) | $ | (12,079 | ) | |||
Less change due to Flagstone acquisition | 139,389 | — | — | |||||||||
Deconsolidation of AlphaCat Re 2011 | — | (9,405 | ) | — | ||||||||
Net change in gross unearned premium | 17,409 | (53,271 | ) | (12,079 | ) | |||||||
Change in prepaid reinsurance premium | 8,212 | 19,964 | 12,118 | |||||||||
Less change due to Flagstone acquisition | (11,339 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Net change in prepaid reinsurance premium | (3,127 | ) | 19,964 | 12,118 | ||||||||
Net change in unearned premium | $ | 14,282 | $ | (33,307 | ) | $ | 39 | |||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Validus Re. Validus Re net change in unearned premiums for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $35.9 million compared to $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $33.7 million, or 1,569.3%.
Year Ended December 31, 2012(a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | |||||||||
Change in gross unearned premium | $ | (104,420 | ) | $ | (7,771 | ) | $ | 16,277 | ||||
Less change due to Flagstone acquisition | 139,389 | — | — | |||||||||
Deconsolidation of AlphaCat Re 2011 | — | (9,405 | ) | — | ||||||||
Net change in gross unearned premium | 34,969 | (17,176 | ) | 16,277 | ||||||||
Change in prepaid reinsurance premium | 12,260 | 19,326 | (2,455 | ) | ||||||||
Less change due to Flagstone acquisition | (11,339 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Net change in prepaid reinsurance premium | 921 | 19,326 | (2,455 | ) | ||||||||
Net change in unearned premium | $ | 35,890 | $ | 2,150 | $ | 13,822 | ||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Validus Re net change in unearned premiums has increased for the year ended December 31, 2012 due to the earnings pattern of gross premiums written and reinsurance premiums ceded during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat net change in unearned premiums for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $(3.9) million compared to $(9.8) million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $5.8 million or 59.7%.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | |||||||||
Change in gross unearned premium | $ | (3,937 | ) | $ | (9,761 | ) | $ | (714 | ) | |||
Net change in unearned premium | $ | (3,937 | ) | $ | (9,761 | ) | $ | (714 | ) | |||
AlphaCat net change in unearned premiums has increased for the year ended December 31, 2012 due primarily to the deconsolidation of AlphaCat Re 2011 and the earnings pattern of gross premiums written and reinsurance premiums ceded during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to year ended December 31, 2011.
Talbot. Talbot net change in unearned premiums for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $(17.7) million compared to $(25.7) million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $8.0 million or 31.2%.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | Net Change in Unearned Premiums | |||||||||
Change in gross unearned premium | $ | (13,623 | ) | $ | (26,334 | ) | $ | (27,642 | ) | |||
Change in prepaid reinsurance premium | (4,048 | ) | 638 | 14,573 | ||||||||
Net change in unearned premium | $ | (17,671 | ) | $ | (25,696 | ) | $ | (13,069 | ) | |||
Talbot net change in unearned premiums has increased for the year ended December 31, 2012 due to the earnings pattern of gross premiums written and reinsurance premiums ceded during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011.
Net Premiums Earned
Net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $1,873.2 million compared to $1,802.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $71.1 million or 3.9%. Details of net premiums earned by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 866,365 | 46.3 | % | $ | 891,448 | 49.5 | % | $ | 923,370 | 52.4 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 609,012 | 32.5 | % | 517,376 | 28.7 | % | 445,426 | 25.3 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 397,839 | 21.2 | % | 393,319 | 21.8 | % | 392,327 | 22.3 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,873,216 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,802,143 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,761,123 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Validus Re. Validus Re net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $1,023.3 million compared to $965.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $57.3 million or 5.9%. Details of Validus Re net premiums earned by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 673,928 | 65.9 | % | $ | 664,244 | 68.8 | % | $ | 754,583 | 72.5 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 254,092 | 24.8 | % | 211,344 | 21.9 | % | 176,601 | 17.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 95,251 | 9.3 | % | 90,337 | 9.3 | % | 108,934 | 10.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,023,271 | 100.0 | % | $ | 965,925 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,040,118 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
The increase in net premiums earned is consistent with the relevant pattern of net premiums written influencing the earned premiums for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $17.7 million compared to $66.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $48.3 million or 73.2%. Details of AlphaCat net premiums earned by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 17,666 | 100.0 | % | $ | 65,966 | 100.0 | % | $ | 11,082 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
Total | $ | 17,666 | 100.0 | % | $ | 65,966 | 100.0 | % | $ | 11,082 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
The decrease in net premiums earned is consistent with the relevant pattern of net premiums written influencing the earned premiums for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 and the deconsolidation of AlphaCat Re 2011.
Talbot. Talbot net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $832.3 million compared to $770.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $62.0 million or 8.1%. Details of Talbot net premiums earned by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | Net Premiums Earned | Net Premiums Earned (%) | |||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 174,771 | 21.0 | % | $ | 161,238 | 21.0 | % | $ | 157,705 | 22.2 | % | |||||||||
Marine | 354,920 | 42.6 | % | 306,032 | 39.7 | % | 268,825 | 37.9 | % | ||||||||||||
Specialty | 302,588 | 36.4 | % | 302,982 | 39.3 | % | 283,393 | 39.9 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 832,279 | 100.0 | % | $ | 770,252 | 100.0 | % | $ | 709,923 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, Talbot reassessed commission costs on underwriting years 2007 and prior, related to business on the marine class. This resulted in a $14.8 million increase in gross premiums written and earned premium, offset by an equal increase on policy acquisition costs for the marine class, resulting in no net impact. Increases in previously written premium income also contributed to an increase in net premiums earned of $34.1 million, driven mainly by energy, cargo, other treaty and marine energy and liability classes, offset by small decreases in other classes.
The increase in net premiums earned is consistent with the relevant patterns of net premiums written influencing the earned premiums for the year ended December 31, 2012, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011.
Losses and Loss Expenses
Losses and loss expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $999.4 million compared to $1,244.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $245.0 million or 19.7%. The loss ratios, defined as losses and loss expenses divided by net premiums earned, for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 53.4% and 69.1%, respectively. Details of loss ratios by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||
Property | 54.7 | % | 87.1 | % | 60.5 | % | ||
Marine | 60.1 | % | 61.7 | % | 50.3 | % | ||
Specialty | 40.0 | % | 37.8 | % | 52.2 | % | ||
All lines | 53.4 | % | 69.1 | % | 56.1 | % | ||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2012 (a) | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||
Property—current period—excluding items below | 25.5 | % | 28.2 | % | 21.7 | % | ||
Property—current period—notable losses | 37.5 | % | 58.7 | % | 45.7 | % | ||
Property—current period—reserve for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 8.2 | % | 0.9 | % | ||
Property—change in prior accident years | (8.3 | )% | (8.0 | )% | (7.8 | )% | ||
Property—loss ratio | 54.7 | % | 87.1 | % | 60.5 | % | ||
Marine—current period—excluding items below | 44.6 | % | 48.4 | % | 44.9 | % | ||
Marine—current period—notable losses | 23.9 | % | 20.3 | % | 15.5 | % | ||
Marine—current period—reserve for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 1.0 | % | 5.6 | % | ||
Marine—change in prior accident years | (8.4 | )% | (8.0 | )% | (15.7 | )% | ||
Marine—loss ratio | 60.1 | % | 61.7 | % | 50.3 | % | ||
Specialty—current period—excluding items below | 45.4 | % | 47.3 | % | 45.7 | % | ||
Specialty—current period—notable losses (b) | 7.6 | % | 1.5 | % | 10.1 | % | ||
Specialty—current period—reserve for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | ||
Specialty—change in prior accident years (b) | (13.0 | )% | (11.0 | )% | (3.6 | )% | ||
Specialty—loss ratio | 40.0 | % | 37.8 | % | 52.2 | % | ||
All lines—current period—excluding items below | 36.0 | % | 38.3 | % | 33.0 | % | ||
All lines—current period—notable losses (b) | 26.7 | % | 35.2 | % | 30.1 | % | ||
All lines—current period—reserve for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 4.3 | % | 1.9 | % | ||
All lines—change in prior accident years (b) | (9.3 | )% | (8.7 | )% | (8.9 | )% | ||
All lines—loss ratio | 53.4 | % | 69.1 | % | 56.1 | % | ||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | The financial institution loss occurred in a prior period but developed over the notable loss threshold in the three months ended December 31, 2010. In 2010, this loss was included in the change in prior year development and excluded as a notable loss as presented above. |
Validus Re. Validus Re losses and loss expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $575.4 million compared to $749.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $173.9 million or 23.2%. The loss ratio, defined as losses and loss expenses divided by net premiums earned, was 56.2% and 77.6% for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re incurred losses of $648.0 million related to current year losses and $72.6 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. For the year ended December 31, 2012, favorable loss reserve development on prior accident years benefited the Validus Re loss ratio by 7.1 percentage points. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re incurred losses of $817.9 million related to current year losses and $68.6 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. For the year ended December 31, 2011, favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years benefited the Validus Re loss ratio by 7.1 percentage points.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re incurred $402.7 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 39.4 percentage points of the loss ratio. Net of reinstatement premiums of $60.8 million, the effect of these events on Validus Re segment income was a decrease of $342.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re incurred $474.8 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 49.2 percentage points of the loss ratio, excluding reserve for potential development on notable loss events. Net of reinstatement premiums of $53.8 million, the effect of these events on Validus Re segment income was a decrease of $420.9 million. Validus Re segment loss ratios excluding, notable loss events, reserve for potential development on notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 23.9% and 27.4%, respectively. Details of Validus Re loss ratios by line of business and period of occurrence are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2012 (a) | 2011 (b) | 2010 (b) | ||||||
Property—current period excluding items below | 18.5 | % | 21.0 | % | 16.6 | % | ||
Property—current period—notable losses | 41.1 | % | 61.1 | % | 46.5 | % | ||
Property—current period—reserve for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 11.0 | % | 1.1 | % | ||
Property—change in prior accident years | (6.8 | )% | (7.4 | )% | (6.6 | )% | ||
Property—loss ratio | 52.8 | % | 85.7 | % | 57.6 | % | ||
Marine—current period excluding items below | 36.3 | % | 44.0 | % | 36.5 | % | ||
Marine—current period—notable losses | 40.3 | % | 32.7 | % | 29.1 | % | ||
Marine—current period—reserve for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 2.4 | % | 14.2 | % | ||
Marine—change in prior accident years | (4.4 | )% | (4.8 | )% | (10.0 | )% | ||
Marine—loss ratio | 72.2 | % | 74.3 | % | 69.8 | % | ||
Specialty—current period excluding items below | 29.9 | % | 36.3 | % | 19.2 | % | ||
Specialty—current period—notable losses | 24.3 | % | 0.0 | % | 23.7 | % | ||
Specialty—current period—reserve for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | ||
Specialty—change in prior accident years | (16.3 | )% | (10.4 | )% | (2.9 | )% | ||
Specialty—loss ratio | 37.9 | % | 25.9 | % | 40.0 | % | ||
All lines—current period excluding items below | 23.9 | % | 27.4 | % | 20.3 | % | ||
All lines—current period—notable losses | 39.4 | % | 49.2 | % | 41.1 | % | ||
All lines—current period—reserve for potential development on notable loss events | 0.0 | % | 8.1 | % | 3.2 | % | ||
All lines—change in prior accident years | (7.1 | )% | (7.1 | )% | (6.8 | )% | ||
All lines—loss ratio | 56.2 | % | 77.6 | % | 57.8 | % | ||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | The prior year ratios have been represented to exclude the impact of the AlphaCat segment premiums. |
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re property lines losses and loss expenses included $401.5 million related to current year losses and $45.7 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The favorable loss reserve development was due primarily to a reduction in loss estimates on attritional losses. This movement was largely offset by an increase in loss estimates on prior year notable loss events, which led to a movement in the reserve for potential development on notable loss events during the year ended December 31, 2012. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re property lines losses and loss expenses included $618.0 million related to current year losses and $49.0 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. This favorable development was primarily due to a reduction in the loss estimates on certain large loss events and favorable development on attritional losses and various smaller loss events.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re property lines incurred $277.1 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 41.1 percentage points of the property lines loss ratio. Net of $33.0 million in reinstatement premiums, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $244.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re property lines incurred $405.6 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 61.1 percentage points of the property lines loss ratio. Validus Re property lines loss ratios, excluding notable loss events, reserve for potential development on notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development, for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 18.5% and 21.0%, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re marine lines losses and loss expenses included $194.8 million related to current year losses and $11.3 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The favorable loss reserve development is due primarily to a reduction in loss estimates on attritional losses, which was partially offset by an increase in prior year notable loss events. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re marine lines losses and loss expenses included $167.2 million related to current year losses and $10.2 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. This favorable development was due primarily to favorable development on large loss events and attritional losses and various smaller loss events.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re marine lines incurred $102.5 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 40.3 percentage points of the loss ratio. Net of $27.8 million in reinstatement premiums, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $74.7 million. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re marine lines incurred $69.2 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 32.7 percentage points of the marine lines loss ratio, excluding reserve for potential development on notable loss events. Validus Re marine lines loss ratios, excluding notable loss events, reserve for potential development on notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development, for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 36.3% and 44.0%, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re specialty lines losses and loss expenses included $51.6 million related to current year losses and $15.5 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The favorable loss reserve development was due primarily to a reduction in loss estimates on attritional losses. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Validus Re specialty lines losses and loss expenses included $32.7 million related to current year losses and $9.4 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. This favorable development was attributable to favorable development on attritional losses partially offset by adverse development on large loss events.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re specialty lines incurred $23.2 million of losses from notable loss events which represented 24.3 percentage points of the loss ratio.Validus Re specialty lines loss ratios, excluding notable loss events, reserve for potential development on notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development, for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 29.9% and 36.3%, respectively.
The net negative financial impact from Hurricane Sandy to Flagstone for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $39.1 million. The financial impact to Flagstone did not impact Validus' results of operations in the fourth quarter 2012 as the loss event took place prior to the date of Validus' acquisition of Flagstone which was completed on November 30, 2012.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat contributed $nil to the losses and loss expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to $10.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $10.0 million or 100.0%. The loss ratio defined as losses and loss expenses divided by net premiums earned, was nil% and 15.2% for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2012, AlphaCat Re 2011 and AlphaCat Re 2012 incurred Hurricane Sandy losses of $25.0 million and $7.5 million, respectively. The AlphaCat segment's portion of incurred losses and loss expenses related to Hurricane Sandy was $8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 and are included in income from operating affiliates.
Talbot. Talbot losses and loss expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $424.0 million compared to $485.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $61.1 million or 12.6%. The loss ratio defined as losses and loss expenses divided by net premiums earned, was 50.9% and 63.0% for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2012, Talbot incurred losses of $526.4 million related to current year losses and $102.4 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. For the year ended December 31, 2012, favorable loss reserve development on prior accident years benefited the Talbot loss ratio by 12.3 percentage points. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Talbot incurred losses of $572.6 million related to current year losses and $87.5 million in favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. For the year ended December 31, 2011, favorable loss reserve development on prior accident years benefited the Talbot loss ratio by 11.4 percentage points.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Talbot incurred $97.8 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 11.8 percentage points of the loss ratio. Including the impact of reinstatement premiums of $(3.3) million, the effect of these events on Talbot segment income was a decrease of $101.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Talbot incurred $159.1 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 20.7 percentage points of the Talbot loss ratio. Talbot loss ratios, excluding notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development, for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 51.4% and 53.7%, respectively. Details of Talbot loss ratios by line of business and period of occurrence are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||
Property—current period excluding items below | 55.6 | % | 63.6 | % | 47.5 | % | ||
Property—current period—notable losses | 27.2 | % | 72.8 | % | 45.3 | % | ||
Property—change in prior accident years | (15.0 | )% | (13.7 | )% | (14.2 | )% | ||
Property—loss ratio | 67.8 | % | 122.7 | % | 78.6 | % | ||
Marine—current period excluding items below | 50.5 | % | 51.5 | % | 50.5 | % | ||
Marine—current period—notable losses | 12.2 | % | 11.7 | % | 6.6 | % | ||
Marine—change in prior accident years | (11.3 | )% | (10.2 | )% | (19.5 | )% | ||
Marine—loss ratio | 51.4 | % | 53.0 | % | 37.6 | % | ||
Specialty—current period excluding items below | 50.3 | % | 50.6 | % | 55.8 | % | ||
Specialty—current period—notable losses (a) | 2.3 | % | 1.9 | % | 4.9 | % | ||
Specialty—change in prior accident years (a) | (11.9 | )% | (11.2 | )% | (3.9 | )% | ||
Specialty—loss ratio | 40.7 | % | 41.3 | % | 56.8 | % | ||
All lines—current period excluding items below | 51.4 | % | 53.7 | % | 52.0 | % | ||
All lines—current period—notable losses (a) | 11.8 | % | 20.7 | % | 14.5 | % | ||
All lines—change in prior accident years (a) | (12.3 | )% | (11.4 | )% | (12.1 | )% | ||
All lines—loss ratio | 50.9 | % | 63.0 | % | 54.4 | % | ||
(a) | The financial institution loss occurred in a prior period but developed over the notable loss threshold in the three months ended December 31, 2010. In 2010, this loss was included in the change in prior year development and excluded as a notable loss as presented above. |
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Talbot property lines losses and loss expenses include $144.7 million related to current year losses and $26.3 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The prior year favorable loss reserve development was due to favorable experience on attritional losses. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Talbot property lines losses and loss expenses included $220.0 million related to current year losses and $22.2 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. This favorable development was attributable to lower than expected development on large losses as well as favorable development on attritional losses.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Talbot property lines incurred $47.5 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 27.2 percentage points of the property lines loss ratio. Net of reinstatement premiums of $1.2 million, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $46.2 million. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Talbot’s property lines incurred $117.5 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 72.8 percentage points of the property lines loss ratio. Talbot property lines loss ratio, excluding notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 55.6% and 63.6%, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Talbot marine lines losses and loss expenses included $222.4 million related to current year losses and $40.1 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The prior year favorable loss reserve development was due primarily to favorable development on attritional losses. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Talbot marine lines losses and loss expenses included $193.5 million related to current year losses and $31.4 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The prior year favorable loss reserve development was due to favorable development on attritional losses.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Talbot marine lines incurred $43.3 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 12.2 percentage points of the marine lines loss ratio. Net of reinstatement premiums of $(3.0) million, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $46.3 million. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Talbot’s marine lines incurred $35.8 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 11.7 percentage points of the marine lines loss ratio. Talbot marine lines loss ratios, excluding notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development, for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 50.5% and 51.5%, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Talbot specialty lines losses and loss expenses included $159.3 million relating to current year losses and $36.1 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The prior year favorable reserve development was due primarily to favorable development on attritional losses. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Talbot specialty lines losses and loss expenses included $159.1 million relating to current year losses and $34.0 million of favorable loss reserve development relating to prior accident years. The prior year favorable loss reserve development was due to favorable development on attritional losses.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Talbot specialty lines incurred $7.1 million losses from notable loss events, which represented 2.3 percentage points of the specialty lines loss ratio. Net of reinstatement premiums of $(1.5) million, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $8.5 million. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Talbot’s specialty lines incurred $5.8 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 1.9 percentage points of the specialty lines loss ratio. Talbot specialty lines loss ratios, excluding notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 50.3% and 50.6%, respectively.
Reserves for Losses and Loss Expenses
At December 31, 2012 and 2011, gross and net reserves for losses and loss expenses were estimated using the methodology as outlined in the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates above.
As at December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Case Reserves | Gross IBNR | Total Gross Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses | |||||||||
Property | $ | 930,553 | $ | 892,227 | $ | 1,822,780 | ||||||
Marine | 522,907 | 477,948 | 1,000,855 | |||||||||
Specialty | 265,638 | 428,300 | 693,938 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 1,719,098 | $ | 1,798,475 | $ | 3,517,573 | ||||||
As at December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Net Case Reserves | Net IBNR | Total Net Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses | |||||||||
Property | $ | 768,722 | $ | 803,182 | $ | 1,571,904 | ||||||
Marine | 465,080 | 438,009 | 903,089 | |||||||||
Specialty | 230,584 | 372,029 | 602,613 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 1,464,386 | $ | 1,613,220 | $ | 3,077,606 | ||||||
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of gross and net reserves for losses and loss expenses by segment for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Validus Re Segment | AlphaCat Segment | Talbot Segment | Eliminations | Total | |||||||||||||||
Gross reserves at period beginning | $ | 1,350,849 | $ | 10,000 | $ | 1,377,561 | $ | (107,267 | ) | $ | 2,631,143 | |||||||||
Losses recoverable | (95,509 | ) | — | (384,243 | ) | 107,267 | (372,485 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net reserves at period beginning | 1,255,340 | 10,000 | 993,318 | — | 2,258,658 | |||||||||||||||
Net reserves acquired in purchase of Flagstone | 639,641 | — | — | — | 639,641 | |||||||||||||||
Incurred losses—current year | 647,977 | — | 526,438 | — | 1,174,415 | |||||||||||||||
Change in prior accident years | (72,561 | ) | — | (102,408 | ) | — | (174,969 | ) | ||||||||||||
Incurred losses | 575,416 | — | 424,030 | — | 999,446 | |||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange | 4,203 | — | 11,678 | — | 15,881 | |||||||||||||||
Paid losses | (500,351 | ) | (5,000 | ) | (330,669 | ) | — | (836,020 | ) | |||||||||||
Net reserves at period end | 1,974,249 | 5,000 | 1,098,357 | — | 3,077,606 | |||||||||||||||
Losses recoverable | 148,646 | — | 381,950 | (90,629 | ) | 439,967 | ||||||||||||||
Gross reserves at period end | $ | 2,122,895 | $ | 5,000 | $ | 1,480,307 | $ | (90,629 | ) | $ | 3,517,573 | |||||||||
The amount of recorded reserves represents management’s best estimate of expected losses and loss expenses on premiums earned. For the year ended December 31, 2012, favorable loss reserve development on prior accident years was $175.0 million of which, $72.6 million related to the Validus Re segment and $102.4 million related to the Talbot segment. Favorable loss reserve development benefited the Company’s loss ratio by 9.3 percentage points for the year ended December 31, 2012. For the year ended December 31, 2011, favorable loss reserve development on prior accident years was $156.1 million, of which, $68.6 million
related to the Validus Re segment and $87.5 million related to the Talbot segment. Favorable loss reserve development benefited the Company’s loss ratio by 8.7 percentage points for the year ended December 31, 2011.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company incurred $500.6 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 26.7 percentage points of the loss ratio. Net of $57.5 million of reinstatement premiums, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $443.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company incurred $633.9 million of losses from notable loss events, which represented 35.2 percentage points of the loss ratio, excluding the reserve for potential development on notable loss events. Net of $44.7 million of reinstatement premiums, the effect of these events on net income was a decrease of $589.2 million. The Company’s loss ratio, excluding notable loss events, reserve for potential development on notable loss events and prior year loss reserve development for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was 36.0% and 38.3%, respectively.
Management of insurance and reinsurance companies use significant judgment in the estimation of reserves for losses and loss expenses. Given the magnitude of recent loss events and other uncertainties inherent in loss estimation, meaningful uncertainty remains regarding the estimation for recent notable loss events. The Company's actual ultimate net loss may vary materially from these estimates. Ultimate losses for notable loss events are estimated through detailed review of contracts which are identified by the Company as potentially exposed to the specific notable loss event. However, there can be no assurance that the ultimate loss amount estimated for a specific contract will be accurate, or that all contracts with exposure to a specific notable loss event will be identified in a timely manner. Potential losses in excess of the estimated ultimate loss assigned to a contract on the basis of a specific review, or loss amounts from contracts not specifically included in the detailed review are reserved for in the reserve for potential development on notable loss events. The reserve for potential development on notable loss events (or “RDE”) is included as part of the Company's overall reserve requirement as defined and disclosed in the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates section above.
As of December 31, 2011 the reserve for potential development on 2010 and 2011 notable loss events was $18.6 million and $78.0 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company increased certain loss estimates and allocated $82.4 million of the 2010 and 2011 reserve to the Deepwater Horizon, Danish flood, Thailand floods, Tohoku earthquake, Christchurch earthquake and the Gryphon Alpha mooring failure. The Company also increased the reserve for potential development on 2011 notable loss events by $27.9 million. The 2011 notable loss events, principally the Tohoku earthquake, the Christchurch earthquake, the Thailand floods and the Gryphon Alpha continued to experience adverse development as shown in the reserves for notable loss events roll forward table. Contract complexity, the nature and number of perils arising from these events, limits and sub limits exposed, the quality, flow and timing of information received by the Company, information regarding retrocessional covers, assumptions, both explicit and implicit, regarding future paid and reported loss development patterns, frequency and severity trends, claims settlement practices and potential changes in the legal environment continue to lead to complexity and volatility in the ultimate loss estimates for these events. Given the potential that one or some of the 2011 notable loss events eligible for potential allocation from the 2011 RDE may experience adverse development, rather than all deteriorating proportionately, an addition to the 2011 RDE of $27.9 million was made. As at December 31, 2012, the reserve for potential development on 2010 and 2011 notable loss events was $nil and $42.2 million, respectively. No RDE was established for 2012 notable losses.
For disclosure purposes, only those notable loss events which had an initial consolidated ultimate loss estimate above $15.0 million are disclosed separately and included in the reserve for notable loss events and reserve for development on events tables. To the extent that there are continued complexity and volatility factors relating to notable loss events in the aggregate, additions to the RDE may be established for a specific accident year, as illustrated in the RDE roll forward table. The Company increased the consolidated threshold for disclosure for notable losses effective January 1, 2011, from $5.0 million to $15.0 million.
RESERVES FOR NOTABLE LOSS EVENTS - (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 NOTABLE LOSS EVENTS | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Development | Closing | Development | Closing | Development | Closing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial | (Favorable) / | Allocations | Estimate (c) | (Favorable) / | Allocations | Estimate (c) | (Favorable) / | Allocations | Estimate (c) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notable Loss | Estimate (a) | Unfavorable (b) | of RDE (f) | 31-Dec-10 | Unfavorable (b) | of RDE (f) | 31-Dec-11 | Unfavorable (b) | of RDE (f) | 31-Dec-12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chilean earthquake | $ | 293,116 | $ | 2,548 | $ | 19,242 | $ | 314,906 | $ | (14,449 | ) | $ | — | $ | 300,457 | $ | (15,172 | ) | $ | — | $ | 285,285 | ||||||||||||||||||
Deepwater Horizon (e) | 44,101 | 737 | — | 44,838 | 3 | 14,769 | 59,610 | 13,529 | 18,617 | 91,756 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Zealand earthquake | 28,685 | 1,167 | 16,614 | 46,466 | (297 | ) | — | 46,169 | 3,026 | — | 49,195 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Queensland floods | 25,000 | — | — | 25,000 | (17,966 | ) | — | 7,034 | (3,700 | ) | — | 3,334 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Melbourne hailstorm | 18,200 | 2,644 | — | 20,844 | 293 | — | 21,137 | — | — | 21,137 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Windstorm Xynthia | 12,558 | (11,177 | ) | — | 1,381 | (220 | ) | — | 1,161 | — | — | 1,161 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Political violence loss | 12,500 | — | — | 12,500 | 2,195 | — | 14,695 | — | — | 14,695 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aban Pearl | 10,500 | 20 | — | 10,520 | 272 | — | 10,792 | — | — | 10,792 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Satellite failure | 8,786 | — | — | 8,786 | (810 | ) | — | 7,976 | — | — | 7,976 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perth hailstorm | 8,390 | — | — | 8,390 | 1,063 | — | 9,453 | — | — | 9,453 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oklahoma windstorm | 7,677 | 29 | — | 7,706 | (841 | ) | — | 6,865 | 1 | — | 6,866 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bangkok riots | 7,500 | 4,159 | — | 11,659 | 1,055 | — | 12,714 | (203 | ) | — | 12,511 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hurricane Karl | 6,313 | — | — | 6,313 | — | — | 6,313 | (4,320 | ) | — | 1,993 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial institutions loss | 5,487 | — | — | 5,487 | 95 | — | 5,582 | — | — | 5,582 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Political risk loss | 5,000 | 349 | — | 5,349 | (3,828 | ) | — | 1,521 | — | — | 1,521 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total 2010 Notable Loss Events | $ | 493,813 | $ | 476 | $ | 35,856 | $ | 530,145 | $ | (33,435 | ) | $ | 14,769 | $ | 511,479 | $ | (6,839 | ) | $ | 18,617 | $ | 523,257 | ||||||||||||||||||
Closing | Closing | Closing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Paid Loss (Recovery) | Reserve (d) | Paid Loss (Recovery) | Reserve (d) | Paid Loss (Recovery) | Reserve (d) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notable Loss | 31-Dec-10 | 31-Dec-11 | 31-Dec-12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chilean earthquake | $ | 120,549 | $ | 194,357 | $ | 103,847 | $ | 76,061 | $ | 25,380 | $ | 35,509 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deepwater Horizon (e) | 45,152 | (314 | ) | (34,881 | ) | 49,339 | 14,458 | 67,027 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Zealand earthquake | — | 46,466 | 1,254 | 44,915 | 12,182 | 35,759 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Queensland floods | — | 25,000 | — | 7,034 | 112 | 3,222 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Melbourne hailstorm | 7,163 | 13,681 | 11,611 | 2,363 | 1,290 | 1,073 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Windstorm Xynthia | 111 | 1,270 | 369 | 681 | 53 | 628 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Political violence loss | — | 12,500 | — | 14,695 | — | 14,695 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aban Pearl | 7,346 | 3,174 | 2,418 | 1,028 | 165 | 863 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Satellite failure | 5,206 | 3,580 | 2,234 | 536 | 82 | 454 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perth hailstorm | 5,339 | 3,051 | 3,751 | 363 | 134 | 229 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oklahoma windstorm | 4,054 | 3,652 | 2,047 | 764 | 79 | 686 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bangkok riots | (1 | ) | 11,660 | 7,500 | 5,215 | — | 5,012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hurricane Karl | — | 6,313 | — | 6,313 | 1,637 | 356 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial institutions loss | 57 | 5,430 | 3,039 | 2,486 | 174 | 2,312 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Political risk loss | 7 | 5,342 | 1,514 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total 2010 Notable Loss Events | $ | 194,983 | $ | 335,162 | $ | 104,703 | $ | 211,793 | $ | 55,746 | $ | 167,825 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RESERVES FOR NOTABLE LOSS EVENTS - (Dollars in thousands) - CONTINUED | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 NOTABLE LOSS EVENTS | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Development | Closing | Development | Closing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial | (Favorable) / | Allocations | Estimate (c) | (Favorable) / | Allocations | Estimate (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notable Loss | Estimate (a) | Unfavorable (b) | of RDE | 31-Dec-11 | Unfavorable (b) | of RDE | 31-Dec12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tohoku earthquake | $ | 148,926 | $ | 37,963 | $ | 29,788 | $ | 216,677 | $ | (6,652 | ) | $ | 16,342 | $ | 226,367 | |||||||||||||||||||
Thailand floods | 54,148 | — | — | 54,148 | 10,704 | 14,262 | 79,114 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gryphon Alpha | 52,434 | 9,151 | — | 61,585 | 874 | 5,355 | 67,814 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cat 46 | 43,806 | 18,553 | — | 62,359 | $ | 118 | — | 62,477 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Christchurch earthquake | 41,881 | 16,854 | 20,212 | 78,947 | (495 | ) | 20,121 | 98,573 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hurricane Irene | 32,451 | 3 | — | 32,454 | (10,788 | ) | — | 21,666 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cat 48 | 31,481 | 9,190 | — | 40,671 | 5,612 | — | 46,283 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brisbane floods | 31,023 | 4,848 | — | 35,871 | (1,394 | ) | — | 34,477 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CNRL Horizon (g) | 19,500 | (8,706 | ) | — | 10,794 | 558 | — | 11,352 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish flood | 19,429 | 5,987 | — | 25,416 | 2,566 | 7,665 | 35,647 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jupiter 1 | 15,008 | (73 | ) | — | 14,935 | (166 | ) | — | 14,769 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total 2011 Notable Loss Events | $ | 490,087 | $ | 93,770 | $ | 50,000 | $ | 633,857 | $ | 937 | $ | 63,745 | $ | 698,539 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Closing | Closing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Paid Loss (Recovery) | Reserve (d) | Paid Loss (Recovery) | Reserve (d) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notable Loss | 31-Dec-11 | 31-Dec-12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tohoku earthquake | $ | 59,100 | $ | 157,577 | $ | 94,011 | $ | 73,256 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thailand floods | 1,748 | 52,400 | 13,017 | 64,349 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gryphon Alpha | 8,686 | 52,899 | 19,487 | 39,641 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cat 46 | 51,429 | 10,930 | 1,700 | 9,348 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Christchurch earthquake | (42 | ) | 78,989 | 5,708 | 92,907 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hurricane Irene | 8,669 | 23,785 | 3,743 | 9,254 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cat 48 | 19,934 | 20,737 | 14,032 | 12,317 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brisbane floods | 16,151 | 19,720 | 10,998 | 7,328 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CNRL Horizon (g) | 5,600 | 5,194 | 5,746 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish flood | 7,872 | 17,544 | 15,099 | 12,676 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jupiter 1 | 14,342 | 593 | 245 | 182 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total 2011 Notable Loss Events | $ | 193,489 | $ | 440,368 | $ | 183,786 | $ | 321,264 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RESERVES FOR NOTABLE LOSS EVENTS - (Dollars in thousands) CONTINUED | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 NOTABLE LOSS EVENTS | Year Ended December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Development | Closing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial | (Favorable) / | Allocations | Estimate (c) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notable Loss | Estimate (a) | Unfavorable (b) | of RDE | 30-Dec-12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hurricane Sandy | $ | 361,036 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 361,036 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Costa Concordia | 76,197 | (2,061 | ) | — | 74,136 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cat 67 | 22,713 | 5,377 | — | 28,090 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. drought | 22,021 | — | — | 22,021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hurricane Isaac | 15,209 | 67 | — | 15,276 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total 2012 Notable Loss Events | $ | 497,176 | $ | 3,383 | $ | — | $ | 500,559 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Closing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reserve (d) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notable Loss | Paid Loss | 31-Dec-12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hurricane Sandy | $ | 38,515 | $ | 322,521 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costa Concordia | 13,040 | 61,096 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cat 67 | 13,432 | 14,658 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. drought | 12,346 | 9,675 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hurricane Isaac | 313 | 14,963 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total 2012 Notable Loss Events | $ | 77,646 | $ | 422,913 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) | Includes paid losses, case reserves and IBNR reserves. |
(b) | Development other than allocation of RDE. |
(c) | Excludes impact of movements in foreign exchange rates. |
(d) | Closing Reserve for the period equals Closing Estimate for the period less cumulative Paid Losses. |
(e) | Net movement in 2011 impacted by recognition of recoveries under retrocessional contracts. |
(f) | As at December 31, 2012, the Company has allocated all of the 2010 RDE. |
(g) | As at December 31, 2012, the Company has concluded that CNRL Horizon and Jupiter 1 no longer remains eligible for potential allocations from the 2011 RDE. |
RESERVE FOR DEVELOPMENT ON EVENTS | Reserve for potential development on 2010 notable loss events | Reserve for potential development on 2011 notable loss events | Reserve for potential development on 2012 notable loss events | Total Reserve for potential development on notable loss events | |||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | (dollars in thousands) | (dollars in thousands) | (dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
As at December 31, 2009 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
Reserve for potential development additions | 69,242 | 69,242 | |||||||||||||
Reserve for potential development allocations (a) | (35,856 | ) | (35,856 | ) | |||||||||||
Reserve for potential development releases | — | — | |||||||||||||
As at December 31, 2010 (b) | $ | 33,386 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 33,386 | |||||||
Reserve for potential development additions | — | 128,000 | 128,000 | ||||||||||||
Reserve for potential development allocations (a) | (14,769 | ) | (50,000 | ) | (64,769 | ) | |||||||||
Reserve for potential development releases | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
As at December 31, 2011 (b) | $ | 18,617 | $ | 78,000 | $ | — | $ | 96,617 | |||||||
Reserve for potential development additions (c) | — | 27,926 | — | 27,926 | |||||||||||
Reserve for potential development allocations (a) | (18,617 | ) | (63,746 | ) | — | (82,363 | ) | ||||||||
Reserve for potential development releases | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
As at December 31, 2012 (b) | $ | — | $ | 42,180 | $ | — | $ | 42,180 | |||||||
(a) | During the year ended December 31, 2010, $19,242 was allocated to the Chilean earthquake and $16,614 was allocated to the New Zealand earthquake from the 2010 reserve for development on notable loss events. |
During the year ended December 31, 2011, $14,769 was allocated to Deepwater Horizon from the 2010 reserve for development on notable loss events. During the same period $29,788 was allocated to the Tohoku earthquake and $20,212 was allocated to the Christchurch earthquake from the 2011 reserve for development on notable loss events.
During the year ended December 31, 2012, $18,617 was allocated to Deepwater Horizon from the 2010 reserve for development on notable loss events. During the same period $16,342 was allocated to the Tohoku earthquake, $20,121 was allocated to the Christchurch earthquake, $7,665 was allocated to the Danish flood and $14,262 was allocated to the Thailand floods and $5,355 was allocated to the Gryphon Alpha mooring failure.
(b) | Notable losses for the year ended December 31, 2010 included Chilean earthquake, Melbourne hailstorm, Windstorm Xynthia, Deepwater Horizon, Aban Pearl, Bangkok riots, Perth hailstorm, New Zealand earthquake, Oklahoma windstorm, Political risk loss, Hurricane Karl, Queensland floods, Political violence loss, Satelite failure and Financial institution loss. |
Notable losses for the year ended December 31, 2011 included Tohoku earthquake, Gryphon Alpha mooring failure, Christchurch earthquake, Brisbane floods, CNRL Horizon, Cat 46, Cat 48, Jupiter 1, Danish floods, Hurricane Irene and Thailand floods. As at September 30, 2012, the Company has concluded that CNRL Horizon and Jupiter 1 no longer remains eligible for potential allocations from the 2011 RDE.
Notable losses for the year ended December 31, 2012 included Costa Concordia, Cat 67, U.S. drought, Hurricane Isaac and Hurricane Sandy.
(c) | The 2011 notable loss events, principally the Tohoku earthquake, the Christchurch earthquake and the Thailand floods continued to experience adverse development as shown in the notable loss roll forward table. Contract complexity, the nature and number of perils arising from these events, limits and sub limits exposed, the quality, flow and timing of information received by the Company, information regarding retrocessional covers, assumptions, both explicit and implicit, regarding future paid and reported loss development patterns, frequency and severity trends, claims settlement practices and potential changes in the legal environment continue to lead to complexity and volatility in the ultimate loss estimates for these events. Given the potential that one or some of the 2011 notable loss events eligible for potential allocation from the 2011 RDE may experience adverse development, rather than all deteriorating proportionately, an addition to the 2011 RDE of $27.9 million was made. |
(d) | The RDE is included as part of the Company's overall reserve requirement as defined and disclosed in the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates section above. |
Policy Acquisition Costs
Policy acquisition costs for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $334.7 million compared to $314.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $20.5 million or 6.5%. Policy acquisition costs as a percent of net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 17.9% and 17.4%, respectively. Details of policy acquisition costs by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 107,062 | 32.0 | % | 12.4 | % | $ | 112,261 | 35.8 | % | 12.6 | % | $ | 119,894 | 40.9 | % | 13.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Marine | 140,714 | 42.0 | % | 23.1 | % | 113,845 | 36.2 | % | 22.0 | % | 92,271 | 31.5 | % | 20.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
Specialty | 86,922 | 26.0 | % | 21.8 | % | 88,078 | 28.0 | % | 22.4 | % | 80,734 | 27.6 | % | 20.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 334,698 | 100.0 | % | 17.9 | % | $ | 314,184 | 100.0 | % | 17.4 | % | $ | 292,899 | 100.0 | % | 16.6 | % | ||||||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Validus Re. Validus Re policy acquisition costs for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $154.4 million compared to $154.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $0.2 million or 0.1%. Details of Validus Re policy acquisition costs by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 94,239 | 61.1 | % | 14.0 | % | $ | 95,893 | 62.1 | % | 14.4 | % | $ | 111,478 | 69.9 | % | 14.8 | % | ||||||||||||
Marine | 44,343 | 28.7 | % | 17.5 | % | 44,431 | 28.7 | % | 21.0 | % | 33,691 | 21.1 | % | 19.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
Specialty | 15,780 | 10.2 | % | 16.6 | % | 14,258 | 9.2 | % | 15.8 | % | 14,358 | 9.0 | % | 13.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 154,362 | 100.0 | % | 15.1 | % | $ | 154,582 | 100.0 | % | 16.0 | % | $ | 159,527 | 100.0 | % | 15.3 | % | ||||||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Policy acquisition costs include brokerage, commission and excise tax, are generally driven by contract terms, are normally a set percentage of premiums and are also net of ceding commission income on retrocessions. Items such as ceded premium, earned premium adjustments and reinstatement premiums that are recognized in the period have an effect on policy acquisition costs. Validus Re policy acquisition costs as a percentage of net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 15.1% and 16.0%, respectively. The policy acquisition cost ratio on the marine line has decreased by 3.5 percentage points due to an increase in reinstatement premiums that attract little or no policy acquisition costs.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat policy acquisition costs for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $1.8 million compared to $7.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $6.2 million or 77.7%.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 1,774 | 100.0 | % | 10.0 | % | $ | 7,946 | 100.0 | % | 12.0 | % | $ | 1,072 | 100.0 | % | 9.7 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,774 | 100.0 | % | 10.0 | % | $ | 7,946 | 100.0 | % | 12.0 | % | $ | 1,072 | 100.0 | % | 9.7 | % | ||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs as a percent of net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 10.0% and 12.0%, respectively
Talbot. Talbot policy acquisition costs for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $183.9 million compared to $157.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $26.6 million or 16.9%. Details of Talbot policy acquisition costs by line of business are provided below.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | Policy Acquisition Costs | Policy Acquisition Costs (%) | Acquisition Cost Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||
Property | $ | 16,114 | 8.8 | % | 9.2 | % | $ | 13,814 | 8.7 | % | 8.6 | % | $ | 18,628 | 12.9 | % | 11.8 | % | ||||||||||||
Marine | 96,582 | 52.5 | % | 27.2 | % | 69,624 | 44.3 | % | 22.8 | % | 58,614 | 40.8 | % | 21.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
Specialty | 71,230 | 38.7 | % | 23.5 | % | 73,896 | 47.0 | % | 24.4 | % | 66,527 | 46.3 | % | 23.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 183,926 | 100.0 | % | 22.1 | % | $ | 157,334 | 100.0 | % | 20.4 | % | $ | 143,769 | 100.0 | % | 20.3 | % | ||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs as a percent of net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 22.1% and 20.4%, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, Talbot reassessed commission costs on underwriting years 2007 and prior, related to business on the marine class. This resulted in a $14.8 million increase in gross premiums written and earned premium, offset by an equal increase on policy acquisition costs for the marine class, resulting in no net impact. The effect on the policy acquisition cost ratio was an increase of 9.3 percentage points for the year ended December 31, 2012. Excluding the effect of this implementation, the marine lines and total policy acquisition cost ratios would have been 23.0% and 20.3%, respectively.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $263.7 million compared to $197.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $66.2 million or 33.5%. The increase was primarily due to an increase in Corporate expenses of $30.0 million, a $21.2 million increase in the Talbot segment and a $18.4 million increase in the Validus Re segment. The increase was offset by a $3.4 million decrease in the AlphaCat segment.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | General and Administrative Expenses | General and Administrative Expenses (%) | General and Administrative Expenses | General and Administrative Expenses (%) | General and Administrative Expenses | General and Administrative Expenses (%) | |||||||||||||||
Validus Re | $ | 63,048 | 23.9 | % | $ | 44,663 | 22.6 | % | $ | 45,613 | 21.8 | % | |||||||||
AlphaCat | 7,532 | 2.9 | % | 10,929 | 5.5 | % | 5,327 | 2.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Talbot | 133,281 | 50.5 | % | 112,072 | 56.7 | % | 107,557 | 51.4 | % | ||||||||||||
Corporate & Eliminations (b) | 59,791 | 22.7 | % | 29,833 | 15.2 | % | 50,793 | 24.3 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 263,652 | 100.0 | % | $ | 197,497 | 100.0 | % | $ | 209,290 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | Corporate and Eliminations includes legal entity adjustments. |
General and administrative expenses of $263.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 represented 14.1 percentage points of the expense ratio. General and administrative expenses of $197.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2011 represented 11.0 percentage points of the expense ratio. Share compensation expenses are discussed in the following section.
Validus Re. Validus Re general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $63.0 million compared to $44.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $18.4 million or 41.2%. General and administrative expenses have increased primarily due to an increase in the performance bonus expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. Other contributing factors of the increase in general and administrative expense include an increase in rent and office expenses due to the Bermuda office refurbishment, the departure of a senior executive and the Company consolidating the general and administrative expenses as a result of the acquisition of Flagstone. General and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits, professional fees, rent and office expenses. Validus Re general and administrative expenses as a percent of net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 6.2% and 4.6%, respectively.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $7.5 million compared to $10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $3.4 million or 31.1%. General and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits and professional fees. General and administrative expenses have decreased primarily due to the deconsolidation of AlphaCat Re 2011 as at December 31, 2011, offset by an increase in salaries and benefits and performance bonus expense. AlphaCat’s general and administrative expenses as a percent of net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 42.6% and 16.5%, respectively. The AlphaCat segment general and administrative expense ratio has
been impacted by the reduction in net premiums earned as a greater proportion of the segment’s revenues are generated in equity earnings from operating affiliates which is not included in the ratio calculation.
Talbot. Talbot general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $133.3 million compared to $112.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $21.2 million or 18.9%. General and administrative expenses have increased primarily due to an increase in the performance bonus expense. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in Lloyd’s syndicate costs. Talbot’s general and administrative expenses as a percent of net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 16.0% and 14.6%, respectively.
Corporate & Eliminations. Corporate general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $59.8 million compared to $29.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $30.0 million or 100.4%. General and administrative expenses have increased primarily due to an increase in the performance bonus expense and professional fees. Corporate general and administrative expenses are comprised of executive and board expenses, internal and external audit expenses and other costs relating to the Company as a whole.
Share Compensation Expenses
Share compensation expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $26.7 million compared to $34.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $7.6 million or 22.1%. This expense is non-cash and has no net effect on total shareholders’ equity, as it is balanced by an increase in additional paid-in capital.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Share Compensation Expense | Share Compensation Expense Expenses (%) | Share Compensation Expense | Share Compensation Expense Expenses (%) | Share Compensation Expense | Share Compensation Expense Expenses (%) | |||||||||||||||
Validus Re | $ | 7,763 | 29.1 | % | $ | 9,309 | 27.2 | % | $ | 7,181 | 24.9 | % | |||||||||
AlphaCat | 279 | 1.0 | % | 107 | 0.3 | % | 594 | 2.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Talbot | 7,789 | 29.2 | % | 8,582 | 25.0 | % | 6,923 | 23.9 | % | ||||||||||||
Corporate & Eliminations (b) | 10,878 | 40.7 | % | 16,298 | 47.5 | % | 14,213 | 49.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 26,709 | 100.0 | % | $ | 34,296 | 100.0 | % | $ | 28,911 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | Corporate and Eliminations includes legal entity adjustments. |
Share compensation expenses of $26.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 represented 1.4 percentage points of the general and administrative expense ratio. The decrease in share compensation expenses of $7.6 million is due to a reversal of $1.4 million of expenses related to performance shares based on a review of current and projected performance criteria and a reduced expense of $1.3 million on the non-qualified options which fully vested in May 2012. In addition, the share compensation expenses of $34.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 included $2.2 million of expenses on the employee seller shares and $1.1 million of Talbot restricted share awards which fully vested on July 2, 2011.
Validus Re. Validus Re share compensation expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $7.8 million compared to $9.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $1.5 million or 16.6%. Share compensation expense as a percent of net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 0.7% and 1.0%, respectively.
AlphaCat. AlphaCat share compensation expense as a percent of net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 1.6% and 0.2%, respectively.
Talbot. Talbot share compensation expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $7.8 million compared to $8.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $0.8 million or 9.2%. Share compensation expense as a percent of net premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 0.9% and 1.1%, respectively.
Corporate & Eliminations. Corporate share compensation expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $10.9 million compared to $16.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $5.4 million or 33.3%.
Selected Ratios
The underwriting results of an insurance or reinsurance company are often measured by reference to its combined ratio, which is the sum of the loss ratio and the expense ratio. The loss ratio is calculated by dividing losses and loss expenses incurred (including estimates for incurred but not reported losses) by net premiums earned. The expense ratio is calculated by dividing
acquisition costs combined with general and administrative expenses by net premiums earned. The following table presents the losses and loss expenses ratio, policy acquisition cost ratio, general and administrative expense ratio, expense ratio and combined ratio for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||
Consolidated | ||||||||
Losses and loss expenses ratio | 53.4 | % | 69.1 | % | 56.1 | % | ||
Policy acquisition costs ratio | 17.9 | % | 17.4 | % | 16.6 | % | ||
General and administrative expenses ratio (b) | 15.5 | % | 12.9 | % | 13.5 | % | ||
Expense ratio | 33.4 | % | 30.3 | % | 30.1 | % | ||
Combined ratio | 86.8 | % | 99.4 | % | 86.2 | % | ||
Validus Re | ||||||||
Losses and loss expenses ratio | 56.2 | % | 77.6 | % | 57.8 | % | ||
Policy acquisition costs ratio | 15.1 | % | 16.0 | % | 15.3 | % | ||
General and administrative expenses ratio (b) | 6.9 | % | 5.6 | % | 5.1 | % | ||
Expense ratio | 22.0 | % | 21.6 | % | 20.4 | % | ||
Combined ratio | 78.2 | % | 99.2 | % | 78.2 | % | ||
AlphaCat | ||||||||
Losses and loss expenses ratio | 0.0 | % | 15.2 | % | 0.0 | % | ||
Policy acquisition costs ratio | 10.0 | % | 12.0 | % | 9.7 | % | ||
General and administrative expenses ratio (b) | 44.2 | % | 16.7 | % | 53.4 | % | ||
Expense ratio | 54.2 | % | 28.7 | % | 63.1 | % | ||
Combined ratio | 54.2 | % | 43.9 | % | 63.1 | % | ||
Talbot | ||||||||
Losses and loss expenses ratio | 50.9 | % | 63.0 | % | 54.4 | % | ||
Policy acquisition costs ratio | 22.1 | % | 20.4 | % | 20.3 | % | ||
General and administrative expenses ratio (b) | 16.9 | % | 15.7 | % | 16.1 | % | ||
Expense ratio | 39.0 | % | 36.1 | % | 36.4 | % | ||
Combined ratio | 89.9 | % | 99.1 | % | 90.7 | % | ||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | Includes general and administrative expenses and share compensation expenses. |
General and administrative expense ratios for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 were 15.5% and 12.9%, respectively. General and administrative expense ratio is the sum of general and administrative expenses and share compensation expense divided by net premiums earned.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Expenses | Expenses as % of Net Earned Premiums | Expenses | Expenses as % of Net Earned Premiums | Expenses | Expenses as % of Net Earned Premiums | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | $ | 263,652 | 14.1 | % | $ | 197,497 | 11.0 | % | $ | 209,290 | 11.9 | % | |||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 26,709 | 1.4 | % | 34,296 | 1.9 | % | 28,911 | 1.6 | % | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 290,361 | 15.5 | % | $ | 231,793 | 12.9 | % | $ | 238,201 | 13.5 | % | |||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Underwriting Income
Underwriting income for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $248.7 million compared to $11.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $236.9 million or 2,014.0%.
(Dollars in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2012 | % of Sub- total | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | % of Sub- total | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | % of Sub- total | |||||||||||||||
Validus Re (a) | $ | 222,682 | 70.9 | % | $ | 8,066 | 15.5 | % | $ | 226,187 | 76.4 | % | |||||||||
AlphaCat | 8,081 | 2.6 | % | 36,984 | 70.8 | % | 4,089 | 1.4 | % | ||||||||||||
Talbot | 83,253 | 26.5 | % | 7,168 | 13.7 | % | 65,698 | 22.2 | % | ||||||||||||
Sub total | 314,016 | 100.0 | % | 52,218 | 100.0 | % | 295,974 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Corporate & Eliminations | (65,305 | ) | (40,453 | ) | (53,537 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 248,711 | $ | 11,765 | $ | 242,437 | |||||||||||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
The underwriting results of an insurance or reinsurance company are also often measured by reference to its underwriting income, which is a non-GAAP measure as previously defined. Underwriting income, as set out in the table below, is reconciled to net income (the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure) by the addition or subtraction of net investment income, other income, finance expenses, gain on bargain purchase, realized gain on repurchase of debentures, net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments, foreign exchange gains (losses) and transaction expenses, as illustrated below.
(Dollars in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Underwriting income | $ | 248,711 | $ | 11,765 | $ | 242,437 | ||||||
Net investment income | 107,936 | 112,296 | 134,103 | |||||||||
Other income | 22,396 | 5,718 | 5,219 | |||||||||
Finance expenses | (53,857 | ) | (54,817 | ) | (55,870 | ) | ||||||
Gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses | 17,701 | — | — | |||||||||
Net realized gains on investments | 18,233 | 28,532 | 32,498 | |||||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments | 17,585 | (19,991 | ) | 45,952 | ||||||||
(Loss) from investment affiliate | (964 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (losses) | 4,798 | (22,124 | ) | 1,351 | ||||||||
Transaction expenses | — | (17,433 | ) | — | ||||||||
Tax (expense) benefit | (2,501 | ) | (824 | ) | (3,126 | ) | ||||||
Income from operating affiliates | 12,580 | — | — | |||||||||
Net income | $ | 392,618 | $ | 43,122 | $ | 402,564 | ||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Underwriting income indicates the performance of the Company’s core underwriting function, excluding revenues and expenses such as the reconciling items in the table above. The Company believes the reporting of underwriting income enhances the understanding of our results by highlighting the underlying profitability of the Company’s core insurance and reinsurance business. Underwriting profitability is influenced significantly by earned premium growth, adequacy of the Company’s pricing and loss frequency and severity. Underwriting profitability over time is also influenced by the Company’s underwriting discipline, which seeks to manage exposure to loss through favorable risk selection and diversification, its management of claims, its use of reinsurance and its ability to manage its expense ratio, which it accomplishes through its management of acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses. The Company believes that underwriting income provides investors with a valuable measure of profitability derived from underwriting activities.
The Company excludes the U.S. GAAP measures noted above, in particular net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments, from its calculation of underwriting income because the amount of these gains and losses is heavily influenced by, and fluctuates in part, according to availability of investment market opportunities. The Company believes these amounts are largely independent of its underwriting business and including them distorts the analysis of trends in its operations. In addition to presenting net income determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company believes that showing underwriting income
enables investors, analysts, rating agencies and other users of its financial information to more easily analyze the Company’s results of operations in a manner similar to how management analyzes the Company’s underlying business performance. The Company uses underwriting income as a primary measure of underwriting results in its analysis of historical financial information and when performing its budgeting and forecasting processes. Analysts, investors and rating agencies who follow the Company request this non-GAAP financial information on a regular basis. In addition, underwriting income is one of the factors considered by the compensation committee of our Board of Directors in determining total annual incentive compensation.
Underwriting income should not be viewed as a substitute for U.S. GAAP net income as there are inherent material limitations associated with the use of underwriting income as compared to using net income, which is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure. The most significant limitation is the ability of users of the financial information to make comparable assessments of underwriting income with other companies, particularly as underwriting income may be defined or calculated differently by other companies. Therefore, the Company provides more prominence in this filing to the use of the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, net income, which includes the reconciling items in the table above. The Company compensates for these limitations by providing both clear and transparent disclosure of net income and reconciliation of underwriting income to net income.
Net Investment Income
Net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $107.9 million compared to $112.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $4.4 million or 3.9%. Net investment income decreased due to falling yields on fixed maturity investments. Net investment income includes accretion of premium or discount on fixed maturities, interest on coupon-paying bonds, short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents, partially offset by investment management fees. The components of net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 are as presented below.
(Dollars in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2012 (a) | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Fixed maturities and short-term investments | $ | 105,937 | $ | 111,983 | $ | 132,669 | ||||||
Other investments | 2,790 | — | — | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 7,259 | 7,285 | 8,180 | |||||||||
Securities lending income | 14 | 58 | 200 | |||||||||
Total gross investment income | 116,000 | 119,326 | 141,049 | |||||||||
Investment expenses | (8,064 | ) | (7,030 | ) | (6,946 | ) | ||||||
Net investment income | $ | 107,936 | $ | 112,296 | $ | 134,103 | ||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Annualized investment yield is calculated by dividing net investment income (excluding other investments) by the average balance of the assets managed by our portfolio managers (excluding other investments). Average assets is the average of the beginning, ending and intervening quarter end asset balances. The Company’s annualized effective investment yield was 1.65% and 1.87% for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and the average duration of the portfolio at December 31, 2012 was 1.34 years (December 31, 2011—1.63 years).
The annualized effective investment yield decreased for the year ended December 31, 2012 due to the consolidation of the Flagstone investment portfolio which included $1,060.4 million in cash and short term investments, or 72.4% of Flagstone's total investments and cash as at December 31, 2012. Excluding the effect of the consolidation of the Flagstone investment portfolio, the annualized effective investment yield would have been 1.72% for the year ended December 31, 2012. Overall yield has decreased due to falling yields on fixed maturity investments.
Other Income
Other income for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $22.4 million compared to $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $16.7 million or 291.7%. The primary component of other income for the year ended December 31, 2012 is $23.2 million in underwriting and performance fees the AlphaCat segment earned from business written by AlphaCat Re 2011, PaCRe and AlphaCat Re 2012. AlphaCat Re 2011 was a consolidated subsidiary during the three months ended June 30, September 30 and December 31, 2011. The balance sheet of AlphaCat Re 2011 was deconsolidated as at December 31, 2011.
Finance Expenses
Finance expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $53.9 million compared to $54.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $1.0 million or 1.8%. Finance expenses also include the amortization of debt offering costs and discounts, and fees related to our credit facilities.
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2012 (a) | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||
2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | $ | 6,964 | $ | 9,768 | 14,354 | ||||||
2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | 8,922 | 12,115 | 12,114 | ||||||||
2010 Senior Notes due 2040 | 22,388 | 22,388 | 20,770 | ||||||||
Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | 459 | — | — | ||||||||
Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | 327 | — | — | ||||||||
Credit facilities | 11,999 | 6,492 | 5,246 | ||||||||
Bank charges | 269 | 218 | 246 | ||||||||
AlphaCat Re 2011 preferred dividend(b) | — | 3,609 | — | ||||||||
AlphaCat ILS Funds fees (c) | 2,432 | — | — | ||||||||
Talbot FAL Facility | 97 | 227 | 333 | ||||||||
Talbot third party FAL facility | — | — | 2,807 | ||||||||
Finance expenses | $ | 53,857 | $ | 54,817 | 55,870 | ||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
(b) | Includes preferred share dividends and finance expenses attributable to AlphaCat Re 2011. |
(c) Includes finance expenses incurred by AlphaCat Managers, Ltd. in relation to the AlphaCat ILS funds and fund-raising for AlphaCat 2013.
The decrease in finance expenses of $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 was due primarily to a $3.2 million decrease in interest paid on the 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures due to the basis of repayments changing from a fixed interest rate of 8.480% per annum through June 15, 2012 to a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 295 basis points, a $2.8 million decrease in interest paid on the 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures due to the basis of repayments changing from a fixed interest rate of 9.069% per annum through June 15, 2011 to a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 355 basis points and a $3.6 million decrease in the preferred dividends and finance expenses attributable to AlphaCat Re 2011. These decreases were partially offset by placement fees incurred by AlphaCat for its investments in ILS Funds of $2.4 million and a $5.5 million increase in credit facility fees primarily due to closing fees on the renewal of the credit facilities and the acceleration of fees expensed on the credit facilities that were terminated during the year.
Tax (Expense)
Tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $(2.5) million compared to $(0.8) million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase in expense of $1.7 million or 203.5%. The increase was primarily due to underwriting profits in the Talbot segment for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to underwriting losses for the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase was also due to an increase in UK taxable profits arising from higher fee income, partially offset by a higher bonus deduction and a reduction in the deferred tax liability due to a reduction in the UK tax rate from 2013.
The Company provides for income taxes based upon amounts reported in the financial statements and the provisions of currently enacted tax laws. The Company is registered in Bermuda and is subject to Bermuda law with respect to taxation. Under current Bermuda law, the Company is not taxed on any Bermuda income or capital gains and has received an undertaking from the Bermuda Minister of Finance that, in the event of any Bermuda income or capital gains taxes being imposed, the Company will be exempt from those taxes until March 31, 2035.
Within the segment information contained in the Financial Statements, gross premiums written allocated to the territory of coverage exposure are presented for the periods indicated. Gross premiums written allocated to the United States are written primarily through Validus Reinsurance, Ltd., a Bermuda Registered Reinsurance Company. As noted, under current Bermuda law, the Company is not taxed on any Bermuda income and therefore the premium disclosed in the segment information does not correlate to pre-tax income generated in the United States.
Income From Operating Affiliates
Income from operating affiliates for the year ended December 31, 2012, was $12.6 million compared to $nil for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $12.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 2012 income from operating affiliates of $12.6 million relates to equity earnings relating to AlphaCat Re 2011 and AlphaCat Re 2012.
In the second quarter of 2011, AlphaCat Re 2011 was included in the consolidated results of the Company, therefore there was no comparative information for the year ended December 31, 2011. As at December 31, 2012, the Company owned 22.3% of AlphaCat Re 2011, therefore income from operating affiliates reflects the Company’s share of AlphaCat Re 2011’s net income for the year ended December 31, 2012.
AlphaCat Re 2012 was formed on May 29, 2012 therefore there was no comparative information for the year ended December 31, 2011. As at December 31, 2012, the Company owned 37.9% of AlphaCat Re 2012, therefore income from operating affiliates reflects the Company’s share of AlphaCat Re 2012’s net income for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Gain on Bargain Purchase, Net of Expenses
On November 30, 2012, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Flagstone. Pursuant to the Amalgamation Agreement, the Company acquired all of Flagstone’s outstanding common shares in exchange for the Company’s common shares and cash. The purchase price paid by the Company was $646.0 million for net assets acquired of $695.7 million. The Company expensed as incurred $5.8 million of transaction expenses, $20.2 million of termination expenses and $6.0 million for amortization of intangibles related to the acquisition for the year ended December 31, 2012, resulting in a gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses of $17.7 million. Transaction expenses are comprised of primarily legal and corporate advisory services.
Net Realized Gains on Investments
Net realized gains on investments for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $18.2 million compared to $28.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $10.3 million or 36.1%.
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments
Net unrealized gains on fixed maturity and short term investments for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $17.6 million compared to losses of $(20.0) million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $37.6 million or 188.0%. The net unrealized gains for the year ended December 31, 2012 were a result primarily of increased market appetite for corporate credit.
Net unrealized losses on other investments for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $(20.4) million compared to $(1.3) million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $19.1 million. The net unrealized losses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were driven primarily by the $(19.2) million unrealized loss relating to the Paulson & Co. hedge fund investments held by PaCRe. The amount of net unrealized losses attributable to noncontrolling interest was $(17.3) million for the year ended December 31, 2012, leaving a net impact to the Company of $(1.9) million.
Net unrealized (losses) gains on investments are recorded as a component of net income. The Company has adopted all authoritative guidance on U.S. GAAP fair value measurements in effect as of the balance sheet date. Consistent with these standards, certain market conditions allow for fair value measurements that incorporate unobservable inputs where active market transaction based measurements are unavailable.
Loss From Investment Affiliate
The loss from investment affiliate for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $(1.0) million as compared to $nil for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $(1.0) million. The loss from investment affiliate relates to the loss incurred in the Company’s investment in the Aquiline Financial Services Fund II L.P. for the year ended December 31, 2012. As at December 31, 2011, the investment in the Aquiline Financial Services Fund II L.P was included in other investments.
Foreign Exchange Gains (Losses)
Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Our subsidiaries have one of the following functional currencies: U.S. dollar, British pound sterling, Euro, Canadian dollar, Swiss franc, Indian rupee, South African rand and Singapore dollar. As a significant portion of our operations are transacted in foreign currencies, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates may affect period-to-period comparisons. To the extent that fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates affect comparisons, their impact has been quantified, when possible, and discussed in each of the relevant sections. See Note 3 “Significant accounting policies” to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
U.S. dollar (weakened) strengthened against: | Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||
British Pound sterling | (4.4 | )% | (0.4 | )% | 3.0 | % | |||
Euro | (1.7 | )% | 2.3 | % | 8.2 | % | |||
Canadian Dollar | (2.7 | )% | 2.1 | % | (4.7 | )% | |||
Swiss Franc | (2.4 | )% | (0.2 | )% | (9.4 | )% | |||
Indian Rupee | 3.6 | % | 16.5 | % | (2.6 | )% | |||
South African Rand | 4.7 | % | 21.6 | % | (10.4 | )% | |||
Singapore Dollar | (5.8 | )% | 0.4 | % | (8.1 | )% | |||
Foreign exchange gains for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $4.8 million compared to losses of $(22.1) million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a favorable movement of $26.9 million or 121.7%. For the year ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re recognized foreign exchange gains of $2.7 million and Talbot recognized foreign exchange gains of $2.5 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Validus Re segment foreign exchange gains were $2.7 million compared to a foreign exchange loss of $(19.5) million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a favorable movement of $22.2 million or 113.6%. Validus Re currently hedges foreign currency exposure by balancing assets (primarily cash and premium receivables) with liabilities (primarily case reserves and event IBNR) for certain major non-USD currencies. Consequently, Validus Re aims to have a limited exposure to foreign exchange fluctuations. The $2.7 million gain for the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily occurred as a result of the British pound sterling and Japanese Yen strengthening during the period. In the year ended December 31, 2011 a foreign exchange loss occurred as a result of the Company having liabilities in both New Zealand Dollars and Japanese Yen during a period when both of these currencies strengthened against the U.S. dollar.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, Talbot segment foreign exchange gains were $2.5 million compared to losses of $(2.2) million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a favorable movement of $4.7 million or 215.5%. The favorable movement in Talbot foreign exchange was due primarily to a $2.1 million translation of non U.S. dollar balances and a $3.5 million translation of non-monetary assets, partially of offset a $1.2 million losses incurred in the revaluation of assets held in Euros and other currencies. During 2012, the U.S. dollar to British pound sterling weakened by 4.4% as compared to a weakening of the U.S. dollar to British pound sterling of 0.4% for the in 2011.
At December 31, 2012, Talbot’s balance sheet includes net unearned premiums and deferred acquisition costs denominated in foreign currencies of approximately $107.4 million and $21.5 million, respectively. These balances consisted of British pound sterling and Canadian dollars of $78.0 million and $7.9 million, respectively. Net unearned premiums and deferred acquisition costs are classified as non-monetary items and are translated at historic exchange rates. All of Talbot’s other balance sheet items are classified as monetary items and are translated at period end exchange rates. Additional foreign exchange gains (losses) may be incurred on the translation of net unearned premiums and deferred acquisition costs arising from insurance and reinsurance premiums written in future periods.
Net Loss (Income) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
On April 2, 2012, the Company capitalized PaCRe, a new Class 4 Bermuda reinsurer formed for the purpose of writing high excess property catastrophe reinsurance. PaCRe was funded with $500.0 million of contributed capital. Validus invested $50.0 million in PaCRe’s common equity and therefore owns 10.0% of PaCRe. The net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest of $15.8 million for the period from April 2, 2012 to December 31, 2012 was calculated as 90.0% of the net loss in PaCRe for the period.
On May 25, 2011, the Company joined with other investors in capitalizing AlphaCat Re 2011, a new special purpose reinsurer formed for the purpose of writing collateralized reinsurance and retrocessional reinsurance. Validus Re has an equity interest in AlphaCat Re 2011 and Validus Re held a majority of AlphaCat Re 2011’s outstanding voting rights up to December 23, 2011 when AlphaCat Re 2011 completed a secondary offering of its common shares to third party investors, along with a partial sale of Validus Re common shares to one of the third party investors. As a result of these transactions, the Company’s outstanding voting rights decreased to 43.7%. As a result of the Company’s voting interest falling below 50%, the individual assets and liabilities and corresponding noncontrolling interest of AlphaCat Re 2011 were derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as at December 31, 2011 and the remaining investment in AlphaCat Re 2011 is treated as an equity method investment as at December 31, 2012. For the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company recorded $(21.8) million in net income attributable to noncontrolling interest relating to AlphaCat Re 2011.
Transaction Expenses
During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company incurred $nil in transaction expenses compared to $17.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The 2011 transaction expenses related to the Company's proposed acquisition of Transatlantic. The transaction expenses related to the November 30, 2012 acquisition of Flagstone were used in the calculation of the gain on bargain purchase of Flagstone and are presented on the section above entitled "Gain on Bargain Purchase of Flagstone." Transaction expenses are primarily comprised of legal, financial advisory and audit related services.
Year Ended December 31, 2011 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2010
Net income available to Validus for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $21.3 million compared to $402.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, a decrease of $381.2 million or 94.7%. The primary factors driving the decrease in net income were:
• | Decrease in underwriting income of $230.7 million due primarily to a $256.8 million increase in loss and loss expenses from increased severity of catastrophe events. This was partially offset by a $41.0 million increase in net premiums earned; |
• | Decrease in net investment income of $21.8 million; |
• | Unfavorable movement in net unrealized gains on investments of $65.9 million; and |
• | Unfavorable movement in foreign exchange of $23.5 million. |
The change in net income available to Validus for the year ended December 31, 2011 of $381.2 million as compared to the year ended December 31, 2010 is described in the following table:
Year Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Decrease (increase) over the year ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Validus Re | AlphaCat | Talbot | Corporate and other reconciling items | Total | |||||||||||||||
Notable losses—(increase) decrease in net losses and loss expenses(a) | $ | (46,951 | ) | $ | — | $ | (56,111 | ) | $ | — | $ | (103,062 | ) | |||||||
Less: Notable losses—increase (decrease) net reinstatement premiums(a) | 21,989 | — | 1,602 | — | 23,591 | |||||||||||||||
Other underwriting (loss) income | (193,159 | ) | 32,895 | (4,021 | ) | 13,084 | (151,201 | ) | ||||||||||||
Underwriting (loss) income(b) | (218,121 | ) | 32,895 | (58,530 | ) | 13,084 | (230,672 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net investment income | (14,922 | ) | (2,613 | ) | (3,907 | ) | (365 | ) | (21,807 | ) | ||||||||||
Other income | 3,452 | 7,617 | (2,830 | ) | (7,740 | ) | 499 | |||||||||||||
Finance expenses | (2,306 | ) | (3,659 | ) | 2,913 | 4,105 | 1,053 | |||||||||||||
Operating (loss) income before taxes and income from operating affiliates | (231,897 | ) | 34,240 | (62,354 | ) | 9,084 | (250,927 | ) | ||||||||||||
Tax benefit | 63 | — | 2,079 | 160 | 2,302 | |||||||||||||||
Net operating (loss) income | (231,834 | ) | 34,240 | (60,275 | ) | 9,244 | (248,625 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net realized gains (losses) on investments | (2,393 | ) | 425 | (1,998 | ) | — | (3,966 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net unrealized (losses) on investments | (59,314 | ) | (2,001 | ) | (4,628 | ) | — | (65,943 | ) | |||||||||||
Foreign exchange (losses) gains | (18,902 | ) | 99 | (4,279 | ) | (393 | ) | (23,475 | ) | |||||||||||
Transaction expenses | — | — | — | (17,433 | ) | (17,433 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net (loss) income | (312,443 | ) | 32,763 | (71,180 | ) | (8,582 | ) | (359,442 | ) | |||||||||||
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | — | (21,793 | ) | — | — | (21,793 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net (loss) income available to Validus | $ | (312,443 | ) | $ | 10,970 | $ | (71,180 | ) | $ | (8,582 | ) | $ | (381,235 | ) | ||||||
(a) | Notable losses for the year ended December 31, 2011 include: the Tohoku earthquake, Gryphon Alpha mooring failure, Christchurch earthquake, Brisbane floods, CNRL Horizon, Cat 46, Cat 48, Jupiter 1, Danish floods, Hurricane Irene and the Thailand floods. Excludes reserve for potential development on 2011 notable loss events. Notable losses for the year ended December 31, 2010 include: the Chilean earthquake, Melbourne hailstorm, windstorm Xynthia, Deepwater Horizon, Aban Pearl, Bangkok riots, Perth hailstorm, New Zealand earthquake, Oklahoma windstorm, two Political risk losses, Hurricane Karl, Queensland floods, a Political violence loss, a Satellite failure and a Financial institutions loss. |
(b) | Non-GAAP Financial Measures. In presenting the Company’s results, management has included and discussed underwriting income (loss) that is not calculated under standards or rules that comprise U.S. GAAP. Such measures are referred to as non-GAAP. Non-GAAP measures may be defined or calculated differently by other companies. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A reconciliation of this measure to net income, the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, is presented in the section below entitled “Underwriting Income”. |
Other Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In presenting the Company's results, management has included and discussed certain schedules containing net operating income, underwriting income (loss), managed gross premiums written, annualized return on average equity and diluted book value per common share that are not calculated under standards or rules that comprise U.S. GAAP. Such measures are referred to as non-GAAP. Non-GAAP measures may be defined or calculated differently by other companies. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The calculation of annualized return on average equity is discussed in the section above entitled "Financial Measures." A reconciliation of underwriting income to net income, the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, is presented above in the section entitled "Underwriting Income (Loss)." A reconciliation of diluted book value per share to book value per share, the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, is presented below. Operating income is calculated based on net income (loss) excluding net realized gains (losses), net unrealized gains (losses) on investments, income (loss) from investment affiliates, gains (losses) arising from translation of non-US$ denominated balances and non-recurring items. A reconciliation of operating income to net income, the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, is embedded in the table presenting results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 in the section above entitled “Results of Operations.” Realized gains (losses) from the sale of investments are driven by the timing of the disposition of investments, not by our operating performance. Gains (losses) arising from translation of non-U.S. dollar denominated balances are unrelated to our underlying business.
Managed gross premiums written represents gross premiums written by the Company and its operating affiliates. Managed gross premiums written differs from total gross premiums written, which the Company believes is the most directly comparable GAAP measure, due to the inclusion of premiums written on behalf of the Company's operating affiliates, AlphaCat Re 2011 and AlphaCat Re 2012, which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. A reconciliation of managed gross premiums written to gross premiums written, the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, is presented in the section below.
The following tables present reconciliations of diluted book value per share to book value per share, the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
As at December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||
Equity Amount | Shares | Exercise Price | Book Value Per Share | |||||||||||
Book value per common share | ||||||||||||||
Total shareholders’ equity | $ | 4,020,827 | 107,921,259 | $ | 37.26 | |||||||||
Diluted book value per common share | ||||||||||||||
Total shareholders’ equity | 4,020,827 | 107,921,259 | ||||||||||||
Assumed exercise of outstanding warrants | 118,015 | 6,410,472 | $ | 18.41 | ||||||||||
Assumed exercise of outstanding stock options | 37,745 | 1,823,947 | $ | 20.69 | ||||||||||
Unvested restricted shares | — | 2,443,631 | ||||||||||||
Diluted book value per common share | $ | 4,176,587 | 118,599,309 | $ | 35.22 | |||||||||
As at December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||
Equity Amount | Shares | Exercise Price | Book Value Per Share | |||||||||||
Book value per common share | ||||||||||||||
Total shareholders’ equity | $ | 3,448,425 | 99,471,080 | $ | 34.67 | |||||||||
Diluted book value per common share | ||||||||||||||
Total shareholders’ equity | 3,448,425 | 99,471,080 | ||||||||||||
Assumed exercise of outstanding warrants | 121,445 | 6,916,678 | $ | 17.56 | ||||||||||
Assumed exercise of outstanding stock options | 45,530 | 2,263,012 | $ | 20.12 | ||||||||||
Unvested restricted shares | — | 3,340,729 | ||||||||||||
Diluted book value per common share | $ | 3,615,400 | 111,991,499 | $ | 32.28 | |||||||||
The following tables present reconciliations of total gross premiums written to total managed gross premiums written, the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
Year Ended | ||||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
2012 | 2011(a) | |||||||
Total gross premiums written | $ | 2,166,440 | $ | 2,124,691 | ||||
Adjustments for: | ||||||||
Gross premiums written on behalf of AlphaCat Re 2011 | 94,317 | — | ||||||
Gross premiums written on behalf of AlphaCat Re 2012 | 32,171 | — | ||||||
Total managed gross premiums written | $ | 2,292,928 | $ | 2,124,691 | ||||
(a) Total gross premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2011 included $(1.4) million and $60.0 million of gross premiums written from AlphaCat Re 2011, which was a consolidated subsidiary during the three months ended June 30, September 30 and December 31, 2011. The balance sheet of AlphaCat Re 2011 was deconsolidated as at December 31, 2011.
Financial Condition and Liquidity
Validus Holdings, Ltd. is a holding company and conducts no operations of its own. The Company relies primarily on cash dividends and other permitted payments from Validus Re and Talbot to pay finance expenses and other holding company expenses. There are restrictions on the payment of dividends from Validus Re and Talbot to the Company. Please refer to Part II, Item 5, “Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” for further discussion of the Company’s dividend policy. We believe the dividend/distribution capacity of the Company’s subsidiaries will provide the Company with sufficient liquidity for the foreseeable future. We continue to generate substantial cash from operating activities and remain in a strong financial position, with resources available for reinvestment in existing businesses, strategic acquisitions and managing our capital structure to meet short- and long-term objectives.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Three main sources provide cash flows for the Company: operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. The movement in net cash provided by operating activities, net cash provided by (used in) investing activities, net cash (used in) provided by financing activities and the effect of foreign currency rate changes on cash and cash equivalents for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is described in the following table.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2012 (a) | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 562,565 | $ | 545,140 | $ | 630,001 | ||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (268,915 | ) | (392,834 | ) | 378,426 | |||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 75,345 | 68,681 | (774,842 | ) | ||||||||
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 17,540 | (8,883 | ) | (430 | ) | |||||||
Net increase in cash | $ | 386,535 | $ | 212,104 | $ | 233,155 | ||||||
(a) | The results of operations for Flagstone are consolidated only from the November 30, 2012 date of acquisition. |
Operating Activities
Cash flow from operating activities is derived primarily from the net receipt of premiums less claims and expenses related to underwriting activities.
During the year ended December 31, 2012, net cash provided by operating activities of $562.6 million was driven primarily by an increase in the reserve for losses and loss expenses of $116.9 million and a decrease of $95.0 million in loss reserves recoverable and paid losses recoverable.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, net cash provided by operating activities of $545.1 million was driven primarily by a significant portion of the 2011 incurred losses had yet to be paid as of December 31, 2011, which resulted in cash provided from operating activities for the period being higher than net income for the period.
During the year ended December 31, 2010, net cash provided by operating activities of $630.0 million was driven by increased levels of underwriting net premiums written arising from the impact of the IPC acquisition in late 2009. A significant portion of the 2010 incurred losses had yet to be paid as of December 31, 2010, which resulted in cash provided from operating activities for the period being higher than net income for the period.
We anticipate that cash flows from operations will continue to be sufficient to cover cash outflows under our contractual commitments as well as most loss scenarios through the foreseeable future. Refer to the “Capital Resources” section below for further information on our anticipated obligations.
Investing Activities
Cash flow from investing activities is derived primarily from the receipt of net proceeds on the Company’s investment portfolio. As at December 31, 2012, the Company’s portfolio was composed of fixed income investments, short-term and other investments amounting to $6,764.0 million or 84.7% of total cash and investments. Please refer to Note 7 (c) to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8) for further details of investments pledged as collateral.
During the year ended December 31, 2012, net cash used in investing activities of $268.9 million was driven primarily by net purchases of investments of $737.8 million and $104.3 million of purchases of investments in operating and investment affiliates, partially offset by $548.2 million in proceeds on maturities of investments.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, net cash provided by investing activities of $392.8 million was driven primarily by the net sales of short term securities of $208.3 million and a decrease in securities lending collateral of $14.6 million. The decrease in securities lending collateral was due to the winding down of the securities lending program beginning in the third quarter of 2011.
During the year ended December 31, 2010, net cash provided by investing activities of $378.4 million was driven primarily by the net sales of short term securities of $208.3 million and a decrease in securities lending collateral of $67.0 million.
Acquisitions and Investments in Affiliates
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Net cash used in: | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
Purchase of subsidiary, net of cash acquired | $ | 17,196 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
Investments in operating affiliates, net | (91,500 | ) | (56,808 | ) | — | |||||||
Investments in investment affiliates, net | (12,835 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
2012 Acquisitions and Investments
Purchase of Subsidiary, net of cash acquired: On November 30, 2012, pursuant to a Merger Agreement, the Company acquired all of Flagstone’s outstanding common shares in exchange for 0.1935 Company common shares and $2.00 cash per Flagstone common share. The Flagstone Acquisition resulted in the payment of $147.7 million in cash to Flagstone shareholders and the net cash acquired from Flagstone was $164.9 million resulting in a net cash inflow to the Company of $17.2 million.
The Company assumed a letter of credit facility and long term debt as described in Note 18 "Debt and financing arrangements" to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8). On August 30, 2012, Flagstone had a $200.0 million secured committed letter of credit facility with Barclays Bank Plc (the “Barclays Facility”). The Barclays Facility was terminated prior to the acquisition date.
For additional information about our acquisitions, please refer to Note 5 "Business combination," to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8) for further details.
Investments in operating affiliates, net: During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company joined with other investors and contributed $26.5 million to AlphaCat Re 2012, $45.0 million to AlphaCat 2013 and $20.0 million to the AlphaCat ILS funds. Please refer to Note 8 "Investment in affiliates" to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8) for further details.
Investments in investment affiliates, net: During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company made $14.4 million in capital contributions to the Aquiline Financial Services Fund II L.P. and incurred $1.4 million in net unrealized losses. Please refer to Note 8 "Investment in affiliates" to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8) for further details.
2011 Investments
Investments in operating affiliates, net: In May 2011, the Company joined with other investors contributed $50.0 million to AlphaCat Re 2011. During the fourth quarter of 2011, the Company sold a portion of its investment in AlphaCat Re 2011 for $11.0 million and redeemed $(67.8) million in cash in the deconsolidation of AlphaCat Re 2011.
Financing Activities
Cash flow from financing activities is derived primarily from the issuance of common shares and debentures payable.
During the year ended December 31, 2012, net cash provided by financing activities of $75.3 million was driven primarily by the net cash received for the third party investment in PacRe of $450.1 million, partially offset by $260.0 million purchases of common shares under share repurchase program and $110.0 million of quarterly dividends.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, net cash provided by financing activities of $68.7 million was driven primarily by the net cash received for the third party investment in non-controlling interest of $192.1 million, partially offset by $107.7 million of quarterly dividends.
During the year ended December 31, 2010, net cash used in financing activities of $(774.8) million was driven primarily by the purchase of $856.9 million of common shares under the Company’s share repurchase program and the payment of $105.7 million in quarterly dividends, partially offset by the issuance $246.8 million of 8.875% Senior Notes due 2040.
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
Net cash used in: | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||
Net borrowings under long term revolving credit facilities | — | — | 246,793 | ||||||
Payments on long term debt | (40,303 | ) | (48,882 | ) | (51,149 | ) | |||
Details of the Company’s debt and financing arrangements at December 31, 2012 are provided below.
(Dollars in thousands) | Maturity Date / Term | In Use/ Outstanding | ||||
2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | June 15, 2036 | $ | 150,000 | |||
2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | June 15, 2037 | 139,800 | ||||
2010 Senior Notes due 2040 | January 26, 2040 | 250,000 | ||||
$400,000 syndicated unsecured letter of credit facility | March 9, 2016 | — | ||||
$525,000 syndicated secured letter of credit facility | March 9, 2016 | 376,570 | ||||
$500,000 secured letter of credit facility | Evergreen | 92,402 | ||||
Talbot FAL facility | December 31, 2015 | 25,000 | ||||
PaCRe Senior secured letter of credit | May 10, 2013 | 219 | ||||
IPC Bi-Lateral Facility | Evergreen | 40,613 | ||||
Flagstone Bi-Lateral Facility | Evergreen | 381,019 | ||||
Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | September 15, 2037 | 137,159 | ||||
Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | September 15, 2036 | 113,750 | ||||
Total | $ | 1,706,532 | ||||
For additional information about our debt, including the terms of our financing arrangements, basis for variable interest rates and debt covenants, Please refer to Note 18 "Debt and financing arrangements" to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8) for further details.
Equity Transactions
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
Net cash used in: | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
Share repurchases | $ | (259,962 | ) | $ | (5,995 | ) | $ | (856,926 | ) | |||
Dividends paid to shareholders | (110,037 | ) | (107,691 | ) | (105,662 | ) | ||||||
Under share repurchase programs authorized by our Board of Directors, we purchased 8.1 million, 0.2 million, and 31.7 million common shares on the open market during the twelve months ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, for $260.0 million, $6.0 million and $856.9 million, respectively. At December 31, 2012, the Company had $122.3 million remaining for stock repurchases under the existing Board authorization.
During the twelve months ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, we paid cash dividends to shareholders of $110.0 million,$107.7 million and $105.7 million, respectively, at $1.00 per share for 2012, $1.00 per share for 2011 and $0.88 per share for 2010.
Capital Resources
Shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2012 was $4,455.1 million.
On February 6, 2013, the Company announced an increase in the quarterly cash dividend from $0.25 to $0.30 per common share and $0.30 per common share equivalent for which each outstanding warrant is exercisable, payable on March 29, 2013 to holders of record on March 15, 2013. In addition, the Company announced a special dividend in the amount of $2.00 per common share and $2.00 per common share equivalent for which each outstanding warrant is exercisable, payable on February 26, 2013 to shareholders and warrant holders of record as of February 19, 2013.
The timing and amount of any future cash dividends, however, will be at the discretion of the Board and will depend upon our results of operations and cash flows, our financial position and capital requirements, general business conditions, legal, tax, regulatory, rating agency and contractual constraints or restrictions and any other factors that the Board deems relevant.
On August 5, 2011, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-176116) with the U.S Securities Exchange Committee under which we may offer from time to time common shares, preference shares, depository shares representing common shares or preference shares, senior or subordinated debt securities, warrants to purchase common shares, preference shares and debt securities, share purchase contracts, share purchase units and units which may consist of any combination of the securities listed above. In addition, the shelf registration statement will provide for secondary sales of common shares sold by the Company’s shareholders. The registration statement is intended to provide the Company with additional flexibility to access capital markets for general corporate purposes, subject to market conditions and the Company’s capital needs.
On May 25, 2011, the Company joined with other investors in capitalizing AlphaCat Re 2011, a special purpose reinsurer formed for the purpose of writing collateralized reinsurance and retrocessional reinsurance. At the time of formation, Validus Re had an equity interest in AlphaCat Re 2011 and as Validus Re held a majority of AlphaCat Re 2011’s outstanding voting rights, the financial statements of AlphaCat Re 2011 were included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
On December 23, 2011, the Company completed a secondary offering of common shares of AlphaCat Re 2011 to third party investors, along with a partial sale of Validus Re’s common shares to one of the third party investors. As a result of these transactions, Validus Re maintained an equity interest in AlphaCat Re 2011; however its share of AlphaCat Re 2011’s outstanding voting rights decreased to 43.7%. As a result of the Company’s voting interest falling below 50%, the individual assets and liabilities and corresponding noncontrolling interest of AlphaCat Re 2011 have been derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as at December 31, 2011 and therefore the remaining investment in AlphaCat Re 2011 is treated as an equity method investment as at December 31, 2012 and 2011. The portion of AlphaCat Re 2011’s earnings attributable to third party investors for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) as net income attributable to noncontrolling interest.
On April 2, 2012, the Company capitalized PaCRe, a new Class 4 Bermuda reinsurer formed for the purpose of writing high excess property catastrophe reinsurance. PaCRe was funded with $500.0 million of contributed capital. Validus invested $50.0 million in PaCRe's common equity. The Company will underwrite business for PaCRe, for which it will be paid a profit commission based on PaCRe's underwriting results.
On May 29, 2012, the Company announced that it has joined with other investors in capitalizing AlphaCat Re 2012. AlphaCat Re 2012 is a new special purpose reinsurer formed for the purpose of writing collateralized reinsurance with a particular focus on windstorm risks for Florida domiciled insurance companies. AlphaCat Re 2012 was funded with $70.0 million of equity capital. The Company will underwrite business for AlphaCat Re 2012, for which it will be paid a commission for originating the business and a profit commission based on underwriting results.
On June 5, 2012, the Company announced the final results of its “modified Dutch auction” tender offer. Pursuant to this tender offer, the Company purchased 6,383,884 of its common shares at a price of $32.00 per common share for a total cost of $204.3 million, excluding fees and expenses relating to the tender offer. The Company funded the purchase of the shares in the tender offer using cash on hand.
The Company may from time to time repurchase its securities, including common shares, Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures and Senior Notes. On February 6, 2013, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized an increase in the Company's common share repurchase authorization to $500.0 million. This amount is in addition to, and in excess of, the $1,206.8 million of common shares repurchased by the Company through February 6, 2013 under its previously authorized share repurchase program.
The Company repurchased 43,688,633 shares at a cost of $1,227.1 million under the share repurchase programs for the period November 4, 2009 through February 13, 2013.
The Company expects the purchases under its share repurchase program to be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing, form and amount of the share repurchases under the program will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, the Company's capital position relative to internal and rating agency targets, legal requirements and other factors. The repurchase program may be modified, extended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The Company’s contractual obligations and commitments as at December 31, 2012 are set out below:
Payment Due by Period | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | Total | Less Than 1 Year | 1 - 3 Years | 3 - 5 Years | More Than 5 Years | ||||||||||||||
Reserve for losses and loss expenses(a) | $ | 3,517,573 | $ | 1,686,439 | $ | 1,290,199 | $ | 399,042 | 141,893 | ||||||||||
2010 Senior Notes due 2040—principal(b) | 250,000 | — | — | — | 250,000 | ||||||||||||||
2010 Senior Notes due 2040—interest(b) | n/a | 22,188 | 44,375 | 44,375 | 22,188 p.a. | ||||||||||||||
2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures—principal(c) | 150,000 | — | — | — | 150,000 | ||||||||||||||
2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures—interest(c) | n/a | 8,747 | 17,494 | 17,494 | 8,747 p.a. | ||||||||||||||
2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures—principal(d) | 200,000 | — | — | — | 200,000 | ||||||||||||||
2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures—interest(d) | n/a | 10,360 | 20,720 | 20,720 | 10,360 p.a. | ||||||||||||||
Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes—principal (e) | 137,159 | — | — | — | 137,159 | ||||||||||||||
Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes—interest (e) | n/a | 5,278 | 20,720 | 7,576 | 5,278 p.a. | ||||||||||||||
Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes—principal (f) | 113,750 | — | — | — | 113,750 | ||||||||||||||
Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes—interest (f) | n/a | 3,788 | 7,576 | 7,576 | 3,788 p.a. | ||||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations | 70,962 | 11,933 | 20,328 | 16,785 | 21,916 | ||||||||||||||
Aquiline Financial Services Fund II L.P. (g) | 32,382 | 32,382 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
(a) | The reserve for losses and loss expenses represents an estimate, including actuarial and statistical projections at a given point in time of an insurer’s or reinsurer’s expectations of the ultimate settlement and administration costs of claims incurred. As a result, it is likely that the ultimate liability will differ from such estimates, perhaps significantly. Such estimates are not precise in that, among other things, they are based on predictions of future developments and estimates of future trends in loss severity and frequency and other variable factors such as inflation, litigation and tort reform. This uncertainty is heightened by the short time in which the Company has operated, thereby providing limited claims loss emergence patterns specifically for the Company. The lack of historical information for the Company has necessitated the use of industry loss emergence patterns in deriving IBNR. Further, expected losses and loss ratios are typically developed using vendor and proprietary computer models and these expected loss ratios are a material component in the calculation deriving IBNR. Actual loss ratios will deviate from expected loss ratios and ultimate loss ratios will be greater or less than expected loss ratios. During the loss settlement period, it often becomes necessary to refine and adjust the estimates of liability on a claim either upward or downward. Even after such adjustments, ultimate liability will exceed or be less than the revised estimates. The actual payment of the reserve for losses and loss expenses will differ from estimated payouts. |
(b) | The 2010 Senior Notes mature on January 26, 2040, and are redeemable at the Company’s option in whole or any time or in part from time to time at a make-whole redemption price. The Company may redeem the notes in whole, but not in part, at any time upon the occurrence of certain tax events as described in the notes prospectus supplement. The 2010 Senior Notes bear interest at the rate of 8.875% per annum from January 26, 2010 to maturity or early redemption. |
(c) | The 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures (the "2006 JSDs") mature on mature on June 15, 2036, are redeemable at the Company’s option at par beginning June 15, 2011, and require quarterly interest payments by the Company to the holders of the 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures. Interest was payable at 9.069% per annum through June 15, 2011, and thereafter at a floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 355 basis points, reset |
quarterly. We have estimated the interest due in 2013 and future years using the December 31, 2012 LIBOR rate. During the third quarter of 2012, the Company entered into an interest rate swap which fixed the rate of interest on the 2006 JSDs at 5.83125%. The term of the swap is matched to the maturity date of the 2006 JSDs.
(d) | The 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures (the "2007 JSDs") mature on mature on June 15, 2037, are redeemable at the Company’s option at par beginning June 15, 2012, and require quarterly interest payments by the Company to the holders of the 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures. Interest was payable at 8.480% per annum through June 15, 2012, and thereafter at a floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 295 basis points, reset quarterly. We have estimated the interest due in 2013 and future years using the December 31, 2012 LIBOR rate. During the third quarter of 2012, the Company entered into an interest rate swap which fixed the rate of interest on the 2007 JSDs at 5.18%. The term of the swap is matched to the maturity date of the 2007 JSDs. |
(e) | The Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes mature on September 15, 2036, are redeemable at the Company's option at par beginning September 15, 2011, and require quarterly interest payments by the Company to the holders of the Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes. Interest is payable at a floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 354 basis points, reset quarterly. We have estimated the interest due in 2013 and future years using the December 31, 2012 LIBOR rate. |
(f) | $88,750 of the Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes mature on July 30, 2037, are redeemable at the Company's option at par beginning July 30, 2012, and require quarterly interest payments by the Company to the holders of the Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes. Interest is payable at a floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 300 basis points, reset quarterly. $25,000 of the Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes mature on September 15, 2037, are redeemable at the Company's option at par beginning September 15, 2012, and require quarterly interest payments by the Company to the holders of the Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes. Interest is payable at a floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 310 basis points, reset quarterly. We have estimated the interest due in 2013 and future years using the December 31, 2012 LIBOR rate. |
(g) | Please refer to Note 20 (f) to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8) for further details describing the Aquiline commitment. While the commitment expires on July 2, 2015, it does not have a defined contractual commitment date and therefore it is included in the less than one year category. |
The following table details the capital resources of the Company’s more significant subsidiaries on an unconsolidated basis:
(Dollars in thousands) | Capital at December 31, 2012 | |||
Validus Reinsurance, Ltd. (consolidated), excluding Validus Re Americas, Ltd. and Validus UPS, Ltd. | $ | 2,928,446 | ||
Validus Re Americas, Ltd. (formerly IPCRe, Ltd) | 132,405 | |||
Validus UPS, Ltd. (formerly Flagstone) | 1,028,281 | |||
Total Validus Reinsurance, Ltd. (consolidated) | 4,089,132 | |||
Noncontrolling Interest in PaCRe, Ltd. | 434,280 | |||
Talbot Holdings, Ltd. (consolidated) | 774,184 | |||
Other subsidiaries, net | 35,885 | |||
Other, net | (90,575 | ) | ||
Total consolidated capitalization | 5,242,906 | |||
Senior notes payable | (247,090 | ) | ||
Debentures payable | (540,709 | ) | ||
Total shareholders’ equity | $ | 4,455,107 | ||
Ratings
The following table summarizes the financial strength ratings of the Company and its principal reinsurance and insurance subsidiaries from internationally recognized rating agencies as of February 15, 2013:
A.M. Best(a) | S&P(b) | Moody’s(c) | Fitch(d) | ||||
Validus Holdings, Ltd. | |||||||
Issuer credit rating | bbb | BBB+ | Baa2 | BBB+ | |||
Senior debt | bbb | BBB+ | Baa2 | BBB | |||
Subordinated debt | bbb- | BBB- | Baa3 | BB+ | |||
Preferred stock | bb+ | BBB- | Ba1 | — | |||
Outlook on ratings | Stable | Stable | Stable | Positive | |||
Validus Reinsurance, Ltd. | |||||||
Financial strength rating | A | A | A3 | A- | |||
Issuer credit rating | a | — | — | — | |||
Outlook on ratings | Stable | Stable | Stable | Positive | |||
Talbot | |||||||
Financial strength rating applicable to all Lloyd’s syndicates | A | A+ | — | A+ | |||
Flagstone Reassurance Suisse, SA | |||||||
Financial strength rating | A- | ||||||
Issuer credit rating | a- | ||||||
Outlook on ratings | Stable | ||||||
(a) | The A.M. Best ratings were most recently affirmed on February 7, 2013 |
(b) | The S&P ratings were most recently affirmed on August 30, 2012 |
(c) | All Moody’s ratings were most recently affirmed on August 31, 2012 |
(d) | All Fitch ratings were most recently affirmed on May 8, 2012 |
Recent accounting pronouncements
Please refer to Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8) for further discussion of relevant recent accounting pronouncements.
Debt and Financing Arrangements
The following table details the Company’s borrowings and credit facilities as at December 31, 2012.
(Dollars in thousands) | Commitments(a) | In Use/Outstanding | ||||||
2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | $ | 150,000 | $ | 150,000 | ||||
2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | 200,000 | 139,800 | ||||||
2010 Senior Notes due 2040 | 250,000 | 250,000 | ||||||
$400,000 syndicated unsecured letter of credit facility | 400,000 | — | ||||||
$525,000 syndicated secured letter of credit facility | 525,000 | 376,570 | ||||||
$500,000 bi-lateral secured letter of credit facility | 500,000 | 92,402 | ||||||
Talbot FAL Facility(b) | 25,000 | 25,000 | ||||||
PaCRe senior secured letter of credit facility | 10,000 | 219 | ||||||
IPC Bi-Lateral Facility | 80,000 | 40,613 | ||||||
Flagstone Bi-Lateral Facility | 550,000 | 381,019 | ||||||
Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | 137,159 | 137,159 | ||||||
Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | 113,750 | 113,750 | ||||||
Total | $ | 2,940,909 | $ | 1,706,532 | ||||
(a) | Indicates utilization of commitment amount, not drawn borrowings. |
(b) | Talbot operates in Lloyd’s through a corporate member, Talbot 2002 Underwriting Capital Ltd (“T02”), which is the sole participant in Syndicate 1183. Lloyd’s sets T02’s required capital annually based on syndicate 1183’s business plan, rating environment, reserving environment together with input arising from Lloyd’s discussions with, inter alia, regulatory and rating agencies. Such capital, called Funds at Lloyd’s (“FAL”), comprises: cash, investments and undrawn letters of credit provided by various banks. |
Please refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8) for further discussion of the Company’s debt and financing arrangements.
Regulation
Validus Re, Validus Re Americas, Ltd., Flagstone Reassurance Suisse SA (Bermuda Branch), PaCRe and Talbot Insurance (Bermuda) Ltd. (“TIBL”) (together, the “Bermuda registered companies”) are registered under the Insurance Act 1978 of Bermuda (“the Act”). Under the Act, the Bermuda registered companies are required annually to prepare and file Statutory Financial Statements and a Statutory Financial Return. The Act also requires the Bermuda registered companies to meet minimum solvency and liquidity requirements. For the year ended December 31, 2012, the Bermuda registered companies satisfied these requirements. Please refer to Note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8) for further discussion of statutory and regulatory requirements.
Bermuda law limits the maximum amount of annual dividends or distributions payable by Bermuda registered companies to the Company and in certain cases requires the prior notification to, or the approval of, the Bermuda Monetary Authority. Subject to such laws, the directors of the Bermuda registered companies have the unilateral authority to declare or not declare dividends to the Company. There is no assurance that dividends will be declared or paid in the future.
Talbot’s underwriting activities are regulated by the Financial Services Authority (“FSA”). The FSA has substantial powers of intervention in relation to the Lloyd’s managing agents which it regulates including the power to remove their authorization to manage Lloyd’s syndicates. In addition, Talbot’s managing agent operates under the Lloyd’s “franchise.” Lloyd’s approves annually Syndicate 1183’s business plan and any subsequent material changes, and the amount of capital required to support that plan. Lloyd’s may require changes to any business plan presented to it or additional capital to be provided to support the underwriting (known as Funds at Lloyd’s).
The U.K. government has set out proposals to replace the current system of financial regulation, which it believes has weaknesses, with a new regulatory framework. The key weakness it identified was that no single institution has the responsibility, authority and tools to monitor the financial system as a whole, and respond accordingly. That power will be given to the Bank of England. The U.K. government intends to create a new Financial Policy Committee (“FPC”) within the Bank, which will look at the wider economic and financial risks to the stability of the system.
In addition, the FSA will cease to exist in its current form, and the U.K. government will create two new focused financial regulators:
• | A new Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) will be responsible for the day-to-day supervision of financial institutions that are subject to significant prudential regulation. It will adopt a more judgment-focused approach to regulation so that business models can be challenged, risks identified and action taken to preserve financial stability. |
• | A new Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) will have a strong mandate for promoting confidence and transparency in financial services and to give greater protection for consumers of financial services. |
The Financial Services Bill was introduced to Parliament on January 26, 2012 and received Royal Assent in December 2012. "Legal cutover," when the new system will be operational, is expected to be April 2013.
In November 2007, Talbot established Talbot Risk Services Pte Ltd in Singapore to source business in the Far East under the Lloyd's Asia Scheme. The Lloyd's Asia Scheme was established by the Monetary Authority of Singapore to encourage members of Lloyd's to expand insurance activities in Asia.
An EU directive covering the capital adequacy, risk management and regulatory reporting for insurers, known as Solvency II was adopted by the European Parliament in April 2009. A directive, known as Omnibus II, which will amend certain of the Solvency II proposals, including the implementation date, is due to be considered by the European Parliament in 2012. The proposed Solvency II insurance directive is currently expected to come into force with a soft launch on January 1, 2013 and a full implementation on January 1, 2014. Insurers and reinsurers are undertaking a significant amount of work to ensure that they meet the new requirements and this may divert resources from other operational roles. The Company's implementation plans are well underway, although final Solvency II guidelines have not been published.
Flagstone Suisse is licensed to operate as a reinsurer in Switzerland and is also licensed in Bermuda through the Flagstone Suisse branch office and is not licensed in any other jurisdictions. Swiss law permits dividends to be declared only after profits have been allocated to the reserves required by law and to any reserves required by the articles of incorporation. The articles of incorporation of Flagstone Suisse do not require any specific reserves. Therefore, Flagstone Suisse must allocate any profits first to the reserve required by Swiss law generally, and may pay as dividends only the balance of the profits remaining after that allocation. In the case of Flagstone Suisse, Swiss law requires that 20% of the company's profits be allocated to a “general reserve” until the reserve reaches 50% of its paid-in share capital. In addition, a Swiss reinsurance company may pay a dividend only if, after payment of the dividend, it will continue to comply with regulatory requirements regarding minimum capital, special reserves and solvency requirements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company is not party to any off-balance sheet transaction, agreement or other contractual arrangement as defined by Item 303(a) (4) of Regulation S-K to which an entity unconsolidated with the Company is a party that management believes is reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on its financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that the Company believes is material to investors.
Investments
A significant portion of (re)insurance contracts written by the Company provide short-tail reinsurance coverage for losses resulting mainly from natural and man-made catastrophes, which could result in a significant amount of losses on short notice. Accordingly, the Company’s investment portfolio is structured to provide significant liquidity and preserve capital, which means the investment portfolio contains a significant amount of relatively short-term fixed maturity investments, such as U.S. government securities, U.S. government-sponsored enterprises securities, corporate debt securities and mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities.
Substantially all of the fixed maturity investments held at December 31, 2012 were publicly traded. At December 31, 2012, the average duration of the Company’s fixed maturity portfolio was 1.34 years (December 31, 2011: 1.63 years) and the average rating of the portfolio was AA- (December 31, 2011: AA-). At December 31, 2012, the total fixed maturity portfolio was $5,085.3 million (December 31, 2011: $4,894.1 million), of which $1,062.8 million (December 31, 2011: $882.9 million) were rated AAA.
On November 30, 2012, as part of the Flagstone Acquisition, the Company assumed Flagstone's investment portfolio containing $910.3 million of cash and short term investments, $231.4 million of asset-backed securities, $90.0 million of non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities, $19.0 million of catastrophe bonds, $59.3 million fund of hedge funds and $13.0 million of private equity funds.
With the exception of the Company's bank loan portfolio, the Company’s investment guidelines require that investments be rated BBB- or higher at the time of purchase. The Company reports the ratings of its investment portfolio securities at the lower of Moody’s or Standard & Poor’s rating for each investment security and, as a result, the Company’s investment portfolio now has $19.0 million of non-agency mortgage backed securities rated less than investment grade. The other components of less than investment grade securities held by the Company at December 31, 2012 were $56.9 million of catastrophe bonds, $658.9 million of bank loans and $0.9 million of corporate bonds.
Cash and cash equivalents and investments held by Talbot of $1,901.5 million at December 31, 2012 were held in trust for the benefit of cedants and policyholders and to facilitate the accreditation as an alien insurer/reinsurer by certain regulators (December 31, 2011: $1,686.6 million). Total cash and cash equivalents and investments in Talbot were $1,942.6 million at December 31, 2012 (December 31, 2011: $1,743.0 million).
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The Company has performed an impairment analysis of its carried goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets as required by U.S. GAAP. The impairment analysis of goodwill and intangible assets was performed in line with Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-08, “Testing Goodwill for Impairment” (“ASU 2011-08”) which was released in September 2011 and Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-02, "Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment" ("ASU 2012-02") which was released in July 2012. The goodwill assessment included a qualitative analysis in determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Reporting units are consistent with the segmental basis. The indefinite lived intangible asset assessment included a qualitative analysis in determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. Based on this analysis, management has concluded that an impairment valuation is not required against the carried goodwill and carried indefinite lived intangible assets.
Cash Flows
During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company generated net cash from operating activities of $562.6 million and $545.1 million, respectively. Cash flows from operations generally represent premiums collected, investment earnings realized and investment gains realized less losses and loss expenses paid and underwriting and other expenses paid. Cash flows from operations may differ substantially from net income.
On November 30, 2012, the Company completed its acquisition of Flagstone. Upon completion of the Merger each issued and outstanding share of Flagstone was converted into the right to receive 0.1935 Validus common shares, $2.00 in cash, without interest, and cash in lieu of any fractional share to which the holder was entitled. The Flagstone acquisition resulted in the issuance by the Company of 14,290,389 common shares valued at $34.87 per share and the payment of $147.7 million to Flagstone shareholders.
As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $1,219.4 million and $832.8 million, respectively.
The Company has written certain (re)insurance business that has loss experience generally characterized as having low frequency and high severity. This results in volatility in both results and operational cash flows. The potential for large claims or a series of claims under one or more reinsurance contracts means that substantial and unpredictable payments may be required within relatively short periods of time. As a result, cash flows from operating activities may fluctuate, perhaps significantly, between individual quarters and years. Management believes the Company’s unused credit facility amounts and highly liquid investment portfolio are sufficient to support any potential operating cash flow deficiencies. Please refer to the table detailing the Company’s borrowings and credit facilities as at December 31, 2012, presented above.
In addition to relying on premiums received and investment income from the investment portfolio, the Company intends to meet these cash flow demands by carrying a substantial amount of short and medium term investments that would mature, or possibly be sold, prior to the settlement of expected liabilities. The Company cannot provide assurance, however, that it will successfully match the structure of its investments with its liabilities due to uncertainty related to the timing and severity of loss events.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”) provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements. Any prospectus, prospectus supplement, the Company’s Annual Report to shareholders, any proxy statement, any other Form 10-K, Form 10-Q or Form 8-K of the Company or any other written or oral statements made by or on behalf of the Company may include forward-looking statements that reflect the Company’s current views with respect to future events and financial performance. Such statements include forward-looking statements both with respect to the Company in general, and to the insurance and reinsurance sectors in particular. Statements that include the words “expect”, “intend”, “plan”, “believe”, “project”, “anticipate”, “will”, “may”, and similar statements of a future or forward-looking nature identify forward-looking statements for
purposes of the PSLRA or otherwise. All forward-looking statements address matters that involve risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in such statements and, therefore, you should not place undue reliance on any such statement.
We believe that these factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
• | unpredictability and severity of catastrophic events; |
• | our ability to obtain and maintain ratings, which may affect by our ability to raise additional equity or debt financings, as well as other factors described herein; |
• | adequacy of the Company’s risk management and loss limitation methods; |
• | cyclicality of demand and pricing in the insurance and reinsurance markets; |
• | the Company’s ability to implement its business strategy during “soft” as well as “hard” markets; |
• | adequacy of the Company’s loss reserves; |
• | continued availability of capital and financing; |
• | the Company’s ability to identify, hire and retain, on a timely and unimpeded basis and on anticipated economic and other terms, experienced and capable senior management, as well as underwriters, claims professionals and support staff; |
• | acceptance of our business strategy, security and financial condition by rating agencies and regulators, as well as by brokers and (re)insureds; |
• | competition, including increased competition, on the basis of pricing, capacity, coverage terms or other factors; |
• | potential loss of business from one or more major insurance or reinsurance brokers; |
• | the Company’s ability to implement, successfully and on a timely basis, complex infrastructure, distribution capabilities, systems, procedures and internal controls, and to develop accurate actuarial data to support the business and regulatory and reporting requirements; |
• | general economic and market conditions (including inflation, volatility in the credit and capital markets, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates) and conditions specific to the insurance and reinsurance markets in which we operate; |
• | the integration of businesses we may acquire or new business ventures, including overseas offices, we may start and the risk associated with implementing our business strategies and initiatives with respect to the new business ventures; |
• | accuracy of those estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements, including those related to revenue recognition, insurance and other reserves, reinsurance recoverables, investment valuations, intangible assets, bad debts, taxes, contingencies, litigation and any determination to use the deposit method of accounting, which, for a relatively new insurance and reinsurance company like our company, are even more difficult to make than those made in a mature company because of limited historical information; |
• | the effect on the Company’s investment portfolio of changing financial market conditions including inflation, interest rates, liquidity and other factors; |
• | acts of terrorism, political unrest, outbreak of war and other hostilities or other non-forecasted and unpredictable events; |
• | availability and cost of reinsurance and retrocession coverage; |
• | the failure of reinsurers, retrocessionaires, producers or others to meet their obligations to us; |
• | the timing of loss payments being faster or the receipt of reinsurance recoverables being slower than anticipated by us; |
• | changes in domestic or foreign laws or regulations, or their interpretations; |
• | changes in accounting principles or the application of such principles by regulators; |
• | statutory or regulatory or rating agency developments, including as to tax policy and reinsurance and other regulatory matters such as the adoption of proposed legislation that would affect Bermuda-headquartered companies and/or Bermuda-based insurers or reinsurers; and |
• | the other factors set forth herein under Part I Item 1A “Risk Factors” and under Part II Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2012, as well as the risk and other factors set forth in the Company’s other filings with the SEC, as well as management’s response to any of the aforementioned factors. |
In addition, other general factors could affect our results, including: (a) developments in the world’s financial and capital markets and our access to such markets; (b) changes in regulations or tax laws applicable to us, and (c) the effects of business disruption or economic contraction due to terrorism or other hostilities.
The foregoing review of important factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included herein or elsewhere. Any forward-looking statements made in this report are qualified by these cautionary statements, and there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments anticipated by us will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on, us or our business or operations. We undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
Item 7A. Quantitative And Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are principally exposed to five types of market risk:
• | interest rate risk; |
• | foreign currency risk; |
• | credit risk; |
• | liquidity risk; and |
• | inflation risk. |
Interest Rate Risk: The Company’s fixed maturity portfolio is exposed to interest rate risk. Fluctuations in interest rates have a direct impact on the market valuation of these investments. As interest rates rise, the market value of the Company’s fixed maturity portfolio falls and the Company has the risk that cash outflows will have to be funded by selling assets, which will be trading at depreciated values. As interest rates decline, the market value of the Company’s fixed income portfolio increases and the Company has reinvestment risk, as funds reinvested will earn less than is necessary to match anticipated liabilities. We manage interest rate risk by selecting investments with characteristics such as duration, yield, currency and liquidity tailored to the anticipated cash outflow characteristics of the insurance and reinsurance liabilities the Company assumes.
As at December 31, 2012, the impact on the Company’s fixed maturity and short-term investments from an immediate 100 basis point increase in market interest rates (based on U.S. treasury yield) would have resulted in an estimated decrease in market value of 1.3%, or approximately $85.1 million. As at December 31, 2012, the impact on the Company’s fixed maturity portfolio from an immediate 100 basis point decrease in market interest rates would have resulted in an estimated increase in market value of 1.1% or approximately $70.3 million.
As at December 31, 2011, the impact on the Company’s fixed maturity and short-term investments from an immediate 100 basis point increase in market interest rates (based on U.S. treasury yield) would have resulted in an estimated decrease in market value of 1.6%, or approximately $84.0 million. As at December 31, 2011, the impact on the Company’s fixed maturity portfolio from an immediate 100 basis point decrease in market interest rates would have resulted in an estimated increase in market value of 0.7% or approximately $34.8 million.
As at December 31, 2012, the Company held $1,108.0 million (December 31, 2011: $829.5 million), or 21.8% (December 31, 2011: 16.9%), of the Company’s fixed maturity portfolio in asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities. These assets are exposed to prepayment risk, which occurs when holders of underlying loans increase the frequency with which they prepay the outstanding principal before the maturity date and/or refinance at a lower interest rate cost. The adverse impact of prepayment is more evident in a declining interest rate environment. As a result, the Company will be exposed to reinvestment risk, as cash flows received by the Company will be accelerated and will be reinvested at the prevailing interest rates.
Foreign Currency Risk: Certain of the Company’s reinsurance contracts provide that ultimate losses may be payable in foreign currencies depending on the country of original loss. Foreign currency exchange rate risk exists to the extent that there is an increase in the exchange rate of the foreign currency in which losses are ultimately owed. Therefore, we manage our foreign currency risk by seeking to match our liabilities under insurance and reinsurance policies that are payable in foreign currencies with cash and investments that are denominated in such currencies. As of December 31, 2012, $1,264.7 million, or 12.6% of our
total assets and $1,217.9 million, or 21.9% of our total liabilities were held in foreign currencies. As of December 31, 2012, $152.3 million, or 2.7% of our total liabilities held in foreign currencies were non-monetary items which do not require revaluation at each reporting date. As of December 31, 2011, $744.4 million, or 9.3% of our total assets and $867.4 million, or 19.7% of our total liabilities were held in foreign currencies. As of December 31, 2011, $104.5 million, or 2.4% of our total liabilities held in foreign currencies were non-monetary items which do not require revaluation at each reporting date. When necessary, we may also use derivatives to economically hedge un-matched foreign currency exposures, specifically forward contracts. Foreign currency forward contracts do not eliminate fluctuations in the value of our assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies but rather allow us to establish a rate of exchange for a future point in time. For further information on the accounting treatment of our foreign currency derivatives, refer to Item 8, Note 9 “Derivative Instruments Used in Hedging Activities,” of the Consolidated Financial Statements. To the extent foreign currency exposure is not hedged or otherwise matched, the Company may experience exchange losses, which in turn would adversely affect the results of operations and financial condition.
Credit Risk: We are exposed to credit risk from the possibility that counterparties may default on their obligations to us. The Company’s primary credit risks reside in investment in U.S. corporate bonds and recoverable from reinsurers. We limit our credit exposure by purchasing high quality fixed income investments to maintain an average portfolio credit quality of AA- or higher with mortgage and commercial mortgage-backed issues having an aggregate weighted average credit quality of AAA. In addition, we have limited our exposure to any single issuer to 3.0% or less of total investments, excluding treasury and agency securities. With the exception of the bank loan portfolio the Company’s investment guidelines require that investments be rated BBB- or higher at the time of purchase. Where investments are downgraded below BBB-/Baa3, we permit our investment managers to hold up to 2.0% in aggregate market value, or up to 10.0% with written authorization of the Company. At December 31, 2012, 1.2% of the portfolio, excluding bank loans was below BBB-/Baa3 and we did not have an aggregate exposure to any single issuer of more than 0.7% of total investments, other than with respect to government securities.
The amount of the maximum exposure to credit risk is indicated by the carrying value of the Company’s financial assets. The Company’s primary credit risks reside in investment in U.S. corporate bonds and recoverables from reinsurers. The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and monitors concentration of credit risk arising from its exposure to individual reinsurers. The reinsurance program is generally placed with reinsurers whose rating, at the time of placement, was A- or better rated by S & P or the equivalent with other rating agencies. Exposure to a single reinsurer is also controlled with restrictions dependent on rating. At December 31, 2012, 97.9% of reinsurance recoverables (which includes loss reserves recoverable and recoverables on paid losses) were from reinsurers rated A- or above, (December 31, 2011: 99.4% rated A- or above) or from reinsurers posting full collateral.
Liquidity risk: Certain of the Company’s investments may become illiquid. Disruption in the credit markets may materially affect the liquidity of the Company’s investments, including non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities and bank loans which represent 9.8% at December 31, 2012 (December 31, 2011: 8.3%) of total cash and investments. If the Company requires significant amounts of cash on short notice in excess of normal cash requirements (which could include claims on a major catastrophic event) in a period of market illiquidity, the investments may be difficult to sell in a timely manner and may have to be disposed of for less than what may otherwise have been possible under other conditions. At December 31, 2012, the Company had $1,838.4 million of unrestricted, liquid assets, defined as unpledged cash and cash equivalents, short term investments, government and government agency securities. Details of the Company’s debt and financing arrangements at December 31, 2012 are provided below.
(Dollars in thousands) | Maturity Date / Term | In Use/ Outstanding | ||||
2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | June 15, 2036 | $ | 150,000 | |||
2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | June 15, 2037 | 139,800 | ||||
2010 Senior Notes due 2040 | January 26, 2040 | 250,000 | ||||
$400,000 syndicated unsecured letter of credit facility | March 9, 2016 | — | ||||
$525,000 syndicated secured letter of credit facility | March 9, 2016 | 376,570 | ||||
$500,000 secured letter of credit facility | Evergreen | 92,402 | ||||
Talbot FAL facility | December 31, 2015 | 25,000 | ||||
PaCRe Senior secured letter of credit | May 10, 2013 | 219 | ||||
IPC Bi-Lateral Facility | Evergreen | 40,613 | ||||
Flagstone Bi-Lateral Facility | Evergreen | 381,019 | ||||
Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | September 15, 2037 | 137,159 | ||||
Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | September 15, 2036 | 113,750 | ||||
Total | $ | 1,706,532 | ||||
Inflation Risk: We do not believe that inflation has had or will have a material effect on our combined results of operations, except insofar as (a) inflation may affect interest rates, and (b) losses and loss expenses may be affected by inflation.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Reference is made to Item 15 (a) of this Report for the Consolidated Financial Statements of Validus Holdings, Ltd. and the Notes thereto, as well as the Schedules to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that all material information relating to the Company required to be filed in this report has been made known to them in a timely fashion.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (the “Framework”). Based on its assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2012, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on the Framework criteria.
The Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Flagstone on November 30, 2012. Flagstone’s total assets and total revenues represented approximately 19.4% and 2.4%, respectively of the Company’s related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012. Consistent with the SEC’s general guidance, Flagstone has been excluded
from the Company's assessment scope for the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012 because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination during 2012.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report included in this filing.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the Company’s evaluation required pursuant to Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Certain of the information required by this item relating to the executive officers of the Company may be found starting at page 43. The balance of the information required by this item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement that involves the election of directors will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
This item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement that involves the election of directors will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table displays certain information regarding our equity compensation plan at December 31, 2012:
(Dollars in thousands) | Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options and Restricted Stock | Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options | Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity compensation plans | |||||||
2005 Amended and Restated Long-Term Incentive Plan | 3,944,845 | $ | 20.69 | 3,128,443 | ||||||
Director Stock Compensation Plan | 5,001 | 52,142 | ||||||||
The balance of the information required by this item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement that involves the election of directors will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
This item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement that involves the election of directors will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
This item is omitted because a definitive proxy statement that involves the election of directors will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Financial Statements, Financial Statement Schedules and Exhibits.
(a) | Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules are included as pages F-1 to F-69. |
(b) | The exhibits numbers followed by an asterisk (*) indicate exhibits physically filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A. All other exhibit numbers indicate exhibits filed by incorporation by reference. |
EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number | Description of Document | ||
2.1 | Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 30, 2012, by and among Validus Holdings, Ltd., Validus UPS, Ltd., Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings, S.A. and Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings (Bermuda) Limited (incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 4, 2012) | ||
3.1 | Memorandum of Association dated October 10, 2005 (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bye-laws (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
4.1 | Specimen Common Share Certificate (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
4.2 | Certificate of Deposit of Memorandum of Increase of Share Capital dated October 28, 2005 (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
4.3 | Form of Warrant (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
4.4 | Form of Amendment to Warrants dated as of December 21, 2007 (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2007) | ||
4.5 | 9.069% Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures Indenture dated as of June 15, 2006 (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
4.6 | Form of 9.069% Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures (Included in Exhibit 4.5 hereto) (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
4.7 | First Supplemental Indenture to the 9.069% Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures Indenture dated as of September 15, 2006 (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
4.8 | 8.480% Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures Indenture dated as of June 29, 2007 (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
4.9 | Form of 8.480% Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures (Included in Exhibit 4.8 hereto) (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
4.10 | Senior Note Indenture, by and between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and The Bank of New York Mellon, dated January 26, 2010 (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 26, 2010) | ||
4.11 | 8.875% Senior Notes Supplemental Indenture, by and between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and The Bank of New York Mellon, dated January 26, 2010 (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 26, 2010) | ||
4.12 | Form of 8.875% Senior Note (Included in Exhibit 4.10 hereto) (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 26, 2010) | ||
4.13 | Shareholders’ Agreement dated as of December 12, 2005 among Validus Holdings, Ltd. and the Shareholders Named Therein (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
4.14 | Junior Subordinated Indenture dated as of August 23, 2006, between Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings Limited and JP Morgan Chase Bank, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.15 | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 17, 2010, among Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings, S.A., Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings Limited and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.16 | Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 30, 2012, among Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings (Bermuda) Limited, Flagstone Reinsurance Holding, S.A. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.17 | Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 30, 2012, among Validus UPS, Ltd., Validus Holdings, Ltd. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.18 | Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of September 20, 2007, between Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings Limited and The Bank of New York Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.19 | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 17, 2010, among Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings, S.A., Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings Limited and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.20 | Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 30, 2012, among Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings (Bermuda) Limited, Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings, S.A. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.21 | Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 30, 2012, among Flagstone Finance S.A., Validus UPS, Ltd., Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.22 | Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of June 8, 2007, among Flagstone Finance S.A., Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings Limited and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.23 | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 17, 2010, among Flagstone Finance S.A., Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings, S.A. and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.24 | Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 30, 2012, among Flagstone Finance S.A., Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings (Bermuda) Limited, Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings, S.A. and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.25 | Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 30, 2012, among Flagstone Finance S.A, Validus UPS, Ltd., Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.26 | Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2006, between Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings Limited and Merrill Lynch International (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.27 | Amendment No. 2, dated as of November 30, 2012, to the Note Purchase Agreement, among Validus UPS, Ltd., Validus Holdings, Ltd. and the noteholders named therein (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.28 | Amendment No. 2, dated as of November 30, 2012, to the Note Purchase Agreement, among Validus UPS, Ltd., Validus Holdings, Ltd. and the noteholders named therein (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
4.29 | Share Purchase Warrant, dated November 30, 2012, between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Leyton Limited (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012) | ||
10.1 | Amendment and Restatement Agreement dated as of November 18, 2011 relating to the Talbot $25 million Standby Letter of Credit Facility dated as of November 28, 2007, among Talbot Holdings Ltd., as Borrower, Validus Holdings, Ltd., as Guarantor, Lloyds TSB Bank Plc, as joint Mandated Lead Arranger, Agent, and Security Trustee, and ING Bank N.V., London Branch, as joint Mandated Lead Arranger (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2011) | ||
10.2 | Amended letter dated as of November 23, 2011 relating to a $25 million Standby Letter of Credit Facility dated as of November 28,2007, among Talbot Holdings Ltd, as Borrower, Validus Holdings, Ltd., as Guarantor, Lloyds TSB Bank Plc, as joint Mandated Lead Arranger, Agent and Security Trustee, and ING Bank N.V, London Branch, as joint Mandated Lead Arranger, as amended and restated on November 18, 2011 (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 29, 2011) | ||
10.2.1 | Amendment Letter, dated as of August 30, 2012, relating to a $25 million Standby Letter of Credit Facility dated as of 28 November 2007, among Talbot Holdings Ltd., as Borrower, Validus Holdings, Ltd., as Guarantor, Lloyds TSB Bank Plc, as joint Mandated Lead Arranger, Agent, and Security Trustee, and ING Bank N.V., London Branch, as joint Mandated Lead Arranger, as amended (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 4, 2012). | ||
10.3 | Four-Year Unsecured Revolving Credit and Letter of Credit Facility, dated as of March 9, 2012, among Validus Holdings, Ltd., Validus Re Americas, Ltd., PaCRe, Ltd. and Validus Reinsurance, Ltd., the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc, as syndication agent. (Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2012) | ||
10.4 | Four-Year Secured Letter of Credit Facility, dated as of March 9, 2012, among Validus Holdings, Ltd., Validus Re Americas, Ltd. and Validus Reinsurance, Ltd., the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc, as syndication agent. (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2012) | ||
10.5 | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Lixin Zeng dated as of November 1, 2012 (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2012 filed with the SEC on November 6. 2012) | ||
10.6 | * | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of February 15, 2013 between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Jeffrey D. Sangster | |
10.7 | Third Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of May 21, 2012, by and between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Conan M. Ward (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 21, 2012) | ||
10.8 | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Edward J. Noonan (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
10.8.1 | Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Edward J. Noonan (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2008, filed with the SEC on November 13, 2008) | ||
10.9 | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Joseph E. (Jeff) Consolino dated as of February 17, 2011 (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2011) | ||
10.10 | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Stuart W. Mercer (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
10.11 | Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Stuart W. Mercer (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2008, filed with the SEC on November 13, 2008) | ||
10.12 | Employment Agreement dated as of September 1, 2010 between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Jonathan P. Ritz. (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 8, 2010) | ||
10.12.1 | Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Jonathan P. Ritz dated as of October 1, 2010 (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2011) | ||
10.13 | Service Agreement between Talbot Underwriting Services, Ltd. and Charles Neville Rupert Atkin (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed with the SEC on March 6, 2008) | ||
10.14 | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Robert F. Kuzloski dated as of April 1, 2011 (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2011, filed with the SEC on November 4, 2011) | ||
10.14.1 | Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Robert F. Kuzloski dated as of August 1, 2012 (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2012 filed with the SEC on November 6, 2012) | ||
10.15 | Employment Agreement between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Andrew Kudera dated as of February 2, 2010 (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2011, filed with the SEC on November 4, 2011) | ||
10.16 | Investment Manager Agreement with BlackRock Financial Management, Inc. (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
10.17 | Risk Reporting & Investment Accounting Services Agreement with BlackRock Financial Management, Inc. (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
10.18 | Validus Holdings, Ltd. 2005 Amended & Restated Long-Term Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
10.19 | Form of Amended Post-IPO Restricted Share Award Agreement for Validus Executive Officers (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2011) | ||
10.20 | Form of Pre-IPO Restricted Share Agreement for Executive Officers (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
10.21 | Form of Amended Restricted Share Agreement for Talbot Executive Officers (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2011) | ||
10.22 | Amended and Restated Restricted Share Agreement between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Edward J. Noonan (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
10.23 | Stock Option Agreement between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Edward J. Noonan (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
10.24 | Form of Stock Option Agreement for Executive Officers prior to 2008 (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
10.25 | Form of Stock Option Agreement for Executive Officers commencing in 2008 (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed with the SEC on March 6, 2008) | ||
10.26 | Form of Performance Share Award Agreement for Validus Executive Officers (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2011) | ||
10.27 | Form of Performance Share Award Agreement for Talbot Executive Officers (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2011) | ||
10.28 | Nonqualified Supplemental Deferred Compensation Plan (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
10.29 | Validus Holdings, Ltd. Director Stock Compensation Plan (Incorporated by reference from S-1 SEC File No. 333-139989) | ||
10.30 | Amendment No. 1 to Validus Holdings, Ltd. Directors Stock Compensation Plan dated as of January 5, 2009 (Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 filed with the SEC on February 27, 2009) | ||
10.30.1 | Assignment and Assumption Agreement dated as of December 20, 2011, by and among Aquiline Capital Partners LLC, Validus Reinsurance, Ltd. and Aquiline Capital Partners II GP (Offshore) Ltd. | ||
10.31 | * | Employment Agreement dated October 25 2012 between Validus America, Inc, and for purposes of Section 12.04, countersigned by Validus Holdings, Ltd. and John J. Hendrickson | |
21 | * | Subsidiaries of the Registrant | |
23 | * | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers | |
24 | Power of attorney (Incorporated by Reference from signature page) | ||
31 | * | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications | |
32 | * | Section 1350 Certification | |
101.INS | * | XBRL Instance Document | |
101.SCH | * | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
101.CAL | * | XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document | |
101.LAB | * | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |
101.PRE | * | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |
101.DEF | * | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
*Filed herewith
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Pembroke, Bermuda, on March 25, 2013.
Validus Holdings, Ltd. | |||
By: | /s/ EDWARD J. NOONAN | ||
Name: | Edward J. Noonan | ||
Title: | Chief Executive Officer | ||
By: | /s/ JEFFREY D. SANGSTER | ||
Name: | Jeffrey D. Sangster | ||
Title: | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | ||
/s/ EDWARD J. NOONAN | Chairman of the Board of Directors | March 25, 2013 | ||
Name: Edward J. Noonan | and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
/s/ MAHMOUD ABDALLAH * | Director | March 25, 2013 | ||
Name: Mahmoud Abdallah | ||||
/s/ MICHAEL CARPENTER * | Director | March 25, 2013 | ||
Name: Michael Carpenter | ||||
/s/ JOSEPH E. (JEFF) CONSOLINO * | Director | March 25, 2013 | ||
Name: Joseph E. (Jeff) Consolino | ||||
/s/ MATTHEW J. GRAYSON * | Director | March 25, 2013 | ||
Name: Matthew J. Grayson | ||||
/s/ JEFFREY W. GREENBERG * | Director | March 25, 2013 | ||
Name: Jeffrey W. Greenberg | ||||
/s/ JOHN J. HENDRICKSON * | Director | March 25, 2013 | ||
Name: John J. Hendrickson | ||||
/s/ JEAN-MARIE NESSI * | Director | March 25, 2013 | ||
Name: Jean-Marie Nessi | ||||
/s/ MANDAKINI PURI * | Director | March 25, 2013 | ||
Name: Mandakini Puri | ||||
/s/ ALOK SINGH * | Director | March 25, 2013 | ||
Name: Alok Singh | ||||
/s/ CHRISTOPHER E. WATSON * | Director | March 25, 2013 | ||
Name: Christopher E. Watson | ||||
*/s/ EDWARD J. NOONAN | ||||
Name: Edward J. Noonan | ||||
Attorney-in-fact | ||||
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Page No. | |
Consolidated Financial Statements | |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 | |
Financial Statement Schedules: | |
Schedules other than those listed are omitted for the reason that they are not required, are not applicable or that equivalent information has been included in the financial statements, notes thereto, or elsewhere herein.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Validus Holdings, Ltd. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedules listed in the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedules, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedules, and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
As described in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A in the 2012 Form 10-K, management has excluded Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings, S.A. (Flagstone) from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012 because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination during 2012. We have also excluded Flagstone from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. Flagstone is a wholly-owned subsidiary whose total assets and total revenues represent 19.4% and 2.4%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Hamilton, Bermuda
February 15, 2013
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM I. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
As at December 31, 2012 and 2011
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | ||||||
Assets | |||||||
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost: 2012—$5,008,514; 2011—$4,859,705) | $ | 5,085,334 | $ | 4,894,145 | |||
Short-term investments, at fair value (amortized cost: 2012—$1,112,929; 2011—$280,299) | 1,114,250 | 280,191 | |||||
Other investments, at fair value (amortized cost: 2012—$583,068; 2011—$15,002) | 564,448 | 16,787 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,219,379 | 832,844 | |||||
Total investments and cash | 7,983,411 | 6,023,967 | |||||
Investments in affiliates | 172,329 | 53,031 | |||||
Premiums receivable | 802,159 | 646,354 | |||||
Deferred acquisition costs | 146,588 | 121,505 | |||||
Prepaid reinsurance premiums | 99,593 | 91,381 | |||||
Securities lending collateral | 225 | 7,736 | |||||
Loss reserves recoverable | 439,967 | 372,485 | |||||
Paid losses recoverable | 46,435 | 90,495 | |||||
Intangible assets | 110,569 | 114,731 | |||||
Goodwill | 20,393 | 20,393 | |||||
Accrued investment income | 21,321 | 25,906 | |||||
Other assets | 177,274 | 50,487 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 10,020,264 | $ | 7,618,471 | |||
Liabilities | |||||||
Reserve for losses and loss expenses | $ | 3,517,573 | $ | 2,631,143 | |||
Unearned premiums | 894,362 | 772,382 | |||||
Reinsurance balances payable | 138,550 | 119,899 | |||||
Securities lending payable | 691 | 8,462 | |||||
Deferred income taxes | 20,259 | 16,720 | |||||
Net payable for investments purchased | 38,346 | 1,256 | |||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 167,577 | 83,402 | |||||
Senior notes payable | 247,090 | 246,982 | |||||
Debentures payable | 540,709 | 289,800 | |||||
Total liabilities | $ | 5,565,157 | $ | 4,170,046 | |||
Commitments and contingent liabilities | — | — | |||||
Shareholders’ equity | |||||||
Common shares, 571,428,571 authorized, par value $0.175 (Issued: 2012—152,698,191; 2011—134,503,065; Outstanding: 2012—107,921,259; 2011—99,471,080) | $ | 26,722 | $ | 23,538 | |||
Treasury shares (2012—44,776,932; 2011—35,031,985) | (7,836 | ) | (6,131 | ) | |||
Additional paid-in-capital | 2,160,478 | 1,893,890 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) | (2,953 | ) | (6,601 | ) | |||
Retained earnings | 1,844,416 | 1,543,729 | |||||
Total shareholders’ equity available to Validus | 4,020,827 | 3,448,425 | |||||
Noncontrolling interest | 434,280 | — | |||||
Total shareholders’ equity | $ | 4,455,107 | $ | 3,448,425 | |||
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 10,020,264 | $ | 7,618,471 | |||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 2,166,440 | $ | 2,124,691 | $ | 1,990,566 | |||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (307,506 | ) | (289,241 | ) | (229,482 | ) | |||||
Net premiums written | 1,858,934 | 1,835,450 | 1,761,084 | ||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 14,282 | (33,307 | ) | 39 | |||||||
Net premiums earned | 1,873,216 | 1,802,143 | 1,761,123 | ||||||||
Gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses | 17,701 | — | — | ||||||||
Net investment income | 107,936 | 112,296 | 134,103 | ||||||||
Net realized gains on investments | 18,233 | 28,532 | 32,498 | ||||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments | 17,585 | (19,991 | ) | 45,952 | |||||||
(Loss) from investment affiliate | (964 | ) | — | — | |||||||
Other income | 22,396 | 5,718 | 5,219 | ||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (losses) | 4,798 | (22,124 | ) | 1,351 | |||||||
Total revenues | 2,060,901 | 1,906,574 | 1,980,246 | ||||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 999,446 | 1,244,401 | 987,586 | ||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 334,698 | 314,184 | 292,899 | ||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 263,652 | 197,497 | 209,290 | ||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 26,709 | 34,296 | 28,911 | ||||||||
Finance expenses | 53,857 | 54,817 | 55,870 | ||||||||
Transaction expenses | — | 17,433 | — | ||||||||
Total expenses | 1,678,362 | 1,862,628 | 1,574,556 | ||||||||
Net income before taxes and income from operating affiliates | 382,539 | 43,946 | 405,690 | ||||||||
Tax (expense) | (2,501 | ) | (824 | ) | (3,126 | ) | |||||
Income from operating affiliates | 12,580 | — | — | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 392,618 | $ | 43,122 | $ | 402,564 | |||||
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | 15,820 | (21,793 | ) | — | |||||||
Net income available to Validus | $ | 408,438 | $ | 21,329 | $ | 402,564 | |||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 3,648 | (1,146 | ) | (604 | ) | ||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 3,648 | $ | (1,146 | ) | $ | (604 | ) | |||
Comprehensive income available to Validus | $ | 412,086 | $ | 20,183 | $ | 401,960 | |||||
Earnings per share | |||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding | |||||||||||
Basic | 97,184,110 | 98,607,439 | 116,018,364 | ||||||||
Diluted | 102,384,923 | 100,928,284 | 120,630,945 | ||||||||
Basic earnings per share available to common shareholders | $ | 4.13 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 3.41 | |||||
Diluted earnings per share available to common shareholders | $ | 3.99 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 3.34 | |||||
Cash dividends declared per share | $ | 1.00 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.88 | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
For the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Common shares | |||||||||||
Balance—Beginning of period | $ | 23,538 | $ | 23,247 | $ | 23,033 | |||||
Common shares issued, net | 3,184 | 291 | 214 | ||||||||
Balance—End of period | $ | 26,722 | $ | 23,538 | $ | 23,247 | |||||
Treasury shares | |||||||||||
Balance—Beginning of period | $ | (6,131 | ) | $ | (6,096 | ) | $ | (553 | ) | ||
Repurchase of common shares | (1,705 | ) | (35 | ) | (5,543 | ) | |||||
Balance—End of period | $ | (7,836 | ) | $ | (6,131 | ) | $ | (6,096 | ) | ||
Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
Balance—Beginning of period | $ | 1,893,890 | $ | 1,860,960 | $ | 2,675,680 | |||||
Common shares issued, net | 498,136 | 4,594 | 7,752 | ||||||||
Repurchase of common shares | (258,257 | ) | (5,960 | ) | (851,383 | ) | |||||
Share compensation expenses | 26,709 | 34,296 | 28,911 | ||||||||
Balance—End of period | $ | 2,160,478 | $ | 1,893,890 | $ | 1,860,960 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) | |||||||||||
Balance—Beginning of period | $ | (6,601 | ) | $ | (5,455 | ) | $ | (4,851 | ) | ||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 3,648 | (1,146 | ) | (604 | ) | ||||||
Balance—End of period | $ | (2,953 | ) | $ | (6,601 | ) | $ | (5,455 | ) | ||
Retained earnings | |||||||||||
Balance—Beginning of period | $ | 1,543,729 | $ | 1,632,175 | $ | 1,337,811 | |||||
Dividends | (107,751 | ) | (109,775 | ) | (108,200 | ) | |||||
Net income | 392,618 | 43,122 | 402,564 | ||||||||
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | 15,820 | (21,793 | ) | — | |||||||
Balance—End of period | $ | 1,844,416 | $ | 1,543,729 | $ | 1,632,175 | |||||
Total shareholders’ equity available to Validus | $ | 4,020,827 | $ | 3,448,425 | $ | 3,504,831 | |||||
Noncontrolling interest | $ | 434,280 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
Total shareholders' equity | $ | 4,455,107 | $ | 3,448,425 | $ | 3,504,831 | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 392,618 | $ | 43,122 | $ | 402,564 | |||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | |||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 26,709 | 34,296 | 28,911 | ||||||||
Bargain purchase gain | (49,702 | ) | — | — | |||||||
Amortization of discount on senior notes | 108 | 108 | 81 | ||||||||
Loss from investment affiliate | 964 | — | — | ||||||||
Net realized (gains) on investments | (18,233 | ) | (28,532 | ) | (32,498 | ) | |||||
Net unrealized (gains) losses on investments | (17,585 | ) | 19,991 | (45,952 | ) | ||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | 10,159 | 4,162 | 4,162 | ||||||||
Income from operating affiliates | (12,580 | ) | — | — | |||||||
Foreign exchange (gains) losses included in net income | (16,123 | ) | 9,659 | (1,451 | ) | ||||||
Amortization of premium on fixed maturities | 24,289 | 31,150 | 32,175 | ||||||||
Change in: | |||||||||||
Premiums receivable | 19,860 | (77,634 | ) | (19,011 | ) | ||||||
Deferred acquisition costs | (1,875 | ) | 2,392 | (11,568 | ) | ||||||
Prepaid reinsurance premiums | 3,116 | (19,964 | ) | 1,747 | |||||||
Loss reserves recoverable | 40,708 | (89,232 | ) | (102,268 | ) | ||||||
Paid losses recoverable | 54,248 | (62,566 | ) | (13,244 | ) | ||||||
Income taxes recoverable | 522 | 1,216 | 994 | ||||||||
Accrued investment income | 7,404 | 7,750 | 4,351 | ||||||||
Other assets | (9,618 | ) | (574 | ) | (13,198 | ) | |||||
Reserve for losses and loss expenses | 116,902 | 596,325 | 419,350 | ||||||||
Unearned premiums | (17,148 | ) | 43,866 | 4,412 | |||||||
Reinsurance balances payable | (12,365 | ) | 56,041 | (659 | ) | ||||||
Deferred income taxes | 1,040 | (8,146 | ) | 277 | |||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 19,147 | (18,290 | ) | (29,174 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 562,565 | 545,140 | 630,001 | ||||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities | |||||||||||
Proceeds on sales of investments | 3,393,740 | 4,058,495 | 5,349,053 | ||||||||
Proceeds on maturities of investments | 548,226 | 353,006 | 349,851 | ||||||||
Purchases of fixed maturities | (3,726,611 | ) | (4,551,070 | ) | (5,612,979 | ) | |||||
Sales (purchases) of short-term investments, net | 74,954 | (215,055 | ) | 208,278 | |||||||
(Purchases) sales of other investments | (479,856 | ) | 3,967 | 17,210 | |||||||
Decrease in securities lending collateral | 7,771 | 14,631 | 67,013 | ||||||||
Purchase of investment in operating affiliates | (91,500 | ) | — | — | |||||||
Purchase of investment in affiliate | (12,835 | ) | — | — | |||||||
Proceeds on sale of AlphaCat Re 2011 | — | 11,000 | — | ||||||||
Cash (redeemed) in deconsolidation of AlphaCat Re 2011 | — | (67,808 | ) | — | |||||||
Purchase of subsidiary, net of cash acquired | 17,196 | — | — | ||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (268,915 | ) | (392,834 | ) | 378,426 | ||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities | |||||||||||
Net proceeds on issuance of senior notes | — | — | 246,793 | ||||||||
Issuance of common shares, net | 3,015 | 4,885 | 7,966 | ||||||||
Purchases of common shares under share repurchase program | (259,962 | ) | (5,995 | ) | (856,926 | ) | |||||
Dividends paid | (110,037 | ) | (107,691 | ) | (105,662 | ) | |||||
Decrease in securities lending payable | (7,771 | ) | (14,631 | ) | (67,013 | ) | |||||
Third party investment in noncontrolling interest | 450,100 | 192,113 | — | ||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 75,345 | 68,681 | (774,842 | ) | |||||||
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 17,540 | (8,883 | ) | (430 | ) | ||||||
Net increase in cash | 386,535 | 212,104 | 233,155 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period | 832,844 | 620,740 | 387,585 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period | $ | 1,219,379 | $ | 832,844 | $ | 620,740 | |||||
Taxes paid (recovered) during the period | $ | 3,832 | $ | (4,632 | ) | $ | 2,379 | ||||
Interest paid during the period | $ | 43,249 | $ | 43,777 | $ | 36,552 | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
1. Nature of the business
Validus Holdings, Ltd. (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of Bermuda on October 19, 2005. The Company provides reinsurance, insurance coverage and insurance linked securities management through three distinct global operating segments, Validus Re, Talbot and AlphaCat. Validus Re, the Company's principal reinsurance operating segment, operates as a Bermuda-based provider of short-tail reinsurance products on a global basis. Talbot, the Company's principal insurance operating segment manages Syndicate 1183 at Lloyd's of London (“Lloyd's”) and writes short-tail insurance products on a worldwide basis. AlphaCat is a Bermuda based investment adviser, managing third-party capital in insurance linked securities and other investments in the property catastrophe reinsurance space.
On November 30, 2012, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common shares of Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings, S.A. ("Flagstone") in exchange for 0.1935 Company common shares and $2.00 cash per Flagstone common share (the "Flagstone Acquisition"). For segmental reporting purposes, the results of Flagstone’s operations since the acquisition date have been included within the Validus Re segment in the consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 5 “Business combination” for further information.
2. Basis of preparation and consolidation
These consolidated financial statements include Validus Holdings, Ltd. and its wholly and majority owned subsidiaries (together, the “Company”) and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
In the opinion of management, these consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations as at the end of and for the periods presented. Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The significant estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include the reserve for losses and loss expenses, premium estimates for business written on a line slip or proportional basis, the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, reinsurance recoverable balances including the provision for unrecoverable reinsurance recoverable balances and investment valuation. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The term “ASC” used in these notes refers to Accounting Standard Codifications issued by the United States Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).
3. Significant accounting policies
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies adopted by the Company.
(a) | Premiums |
Insurance premiums written are recorded in accordance with the terms of underlying policies. Reinsurance premiums written are recorded at the inception of the policy and are estimated based on information received from brokers, ceding companies and reinsureds, and any subsequent differences arising on such estimates will be recorded in the periods in which they are determined. Premiums written are earned on a pro-rata basis over the term of the policy. For contracts and policies written on a losses occurring basis, the risk period is generally the same as the contract or policy terms. For contracts written on a policies attaching basis, the risk period is based on the terms of the underlying contracts and policies and is generally assumed to be 24 months. The portion of the premiums written applicable to the unexpired terms of the underlying contracts and policies in force are recorded as unearned premiums. Mandatory reinstatement premiums are recorded at the time a loss event occurs.
(b) | Policy acquisition costs |
Policy acquisition costs are costs that vary with, and are directly related to, the successful production of new and renewal business, and consist principally of commissions and brokerage expenses. Acquisition costs are shown net of commissions earned on reinsurance ceded. These costs are deferred and amortized over the periods in which the related premiums are earned. Deferred
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
acquisition costs are limited to their estimated realizable value based on the related unearned premiums and anticipated claims expenses. The realizable value of the Company’s deferred acquisition costs is determined without consideration of investment income. Policy acquisition costs also include profit commission. Profit commissions are recognized when earned.
(c) | Reserve for losses and loss expenses |
The reserve for losses and loss expenses includes reserves for unpaid reported losses and for losses incurred but not reported (“IBNR”). The reserve for unpaid reported losses and loss expenses is established by management based on reports from brokers, ceding companies and insureds and represents the estimated ultimate cost of events or conditions that have been reported to, or specifically identified by the Company. The reserve for incurred but not reported losses and loss expenses is established by management based on actuarially determined estimates of ultimate losses and loss expenses. Inherent in the estimate of ultimate losses and loss expenses are expected trends in claim severity and frequency and other factors which may vary significantly as claims are settled. Accordingly, ultimate losses and loss expenses may differ materially from the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements. These estimates are reviewed regularly and, as experience develops and new information becomes known, the reserves are adjusted as necessary. Such adjustments, if any, will be recorded in earnings in the period in which they become known. Prior period development arises from changes to loss estimates recognized in the current year that relate to loss reserves established in previous calendar years.
(d) | Reinsurance |
In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to reduce the potential amount of loss arising from claims events by reinsuring certain levels of risk assumed in various areas of exposure with other insurers or reinsurers. The accounting for reinsurance ceded depends on the method of reinsurance. If the policy is on a “losses occurring” basis, reinsurance premiums ceded are expensed (and any commissions thereon are earned) on a pro-rata basis over the period the reinsurance coverage is provided. If the policy is a “risks attaching ” policy, reinsurance premiums ceded are expensed (and any commissions thereon are earned) in line with the gross premiums earned to which the risk attaching policy relates. Prepaid reinsurance premiums represent the portion of premiums ceded applicable to the unexpired term of policies in force. Mandatory reinstatement premiums ceded are recorded and expensed at the time a loss event occurs. Reinsurance recoverables are based on contracts in force. The method for determining the reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss expenses involves actuarial estimates of unpaid losses and loss expenses as well as a determination of the Company’s ability to cede unpaid losses and loss expenses under its reinsurance treaties. The use of different assumptions could have a material effect on the provision for uncollectible reinsurance. To the extent the creditworthiness of the Company’s reinsurers was to deteriorate due to adverse events affecting the reinsurance industry, such as a large number of major catastrophes, actual uncollectible amounts could be significantly greater than the Company’s provision. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the underlying liabilities.
(e) | Investments |
Fair value is defined as the price received to transfer an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date reflecting the highest and best use valuation concepts. The guidance for “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure” provides a framework for measuring fair value by creating a hierarchy of fair value measurements that distinguishes market data between observable independent market inputs and unobservable market assumptions by the reporting entity. The guidance further expands disclosures about such fair value measurements. The guidance applies broadly to most existing accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements (including both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities) but does not require any new fair value measurements. The Company has adopted all authoritative guidance in effect as of the balance sheet date regarding certain market conditions that allow for fair value measurements that incorporate unobservable inputs where active market transaction based measurements are unavailable.
In May 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-04, "Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value
Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs" ("ASU 2011-04"). The objective of ASU 2011-04 is to provide common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. Consequently, the amendments change the wording used to describe many of the requirements in U.S. GAAP for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements. For many of the requirements, the amendments do not result in a change in the application of the requirements in ASC Topic 820 "Fair Value Measurements". ASU 2011-04 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. Effective January 1, 2012, the Company prospectively adopted this amended guidance.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Short-term investments comprise investments with a remaining maturity of less than one year at time of purchase and money market funds held at the Company’s investment managers.
All investment transactions are recorded on a first-in-first-out basis and realized gains and losses on the sale of investments are determined on the basis of amortized cost. Interest on fixed maturity securities is recorded in net investment income when earned and is adjusted for any amortization of premium or accretion of discount.
For mortgage-backed securities, and any other holdings for which there is a prepayment risk, prepayment assumptions are evaluated and revised as necessary. Any adjustments required due to the resultant change in effective yields and maturities are recognized retrospectively. Prepayment fees or call premiums that are only payable to the Company when a security is called prior to its maturity, are earned when received and reflected in net investment income.
(f) | Other investments |
Other investments consist of an investment in four Paulson & Co. Inc. managed hedge funds (the "Paulson hedge funds"), three investment funds and three private equity investments assumed from the Flagstone Acquisition, a fund of hedge funds and a deferred compensation trust held in mutual funds. All investment transactions are recorded on a first-in-first-out basis and realized gains and losses on the sale of investments are determined on the basis of amortized cost. Other investments are carried at fair value with interest and dividend income, income distributions and realized and unrealized gains and losses included in net income for the year. The fair value of other investments is generally established on the basis of the net valuation criteria established by the managers of the investments. These net valuations are determined based upon the valuation criteria established by the governing documents of such investments. In addition, due to a lag in reporting, some of the fund managers, fund administrators, or both, are unable to provide final fund valuations as of the Company’s reporting date. In these circumstances, the Company estimates the fair value of these funds by starting with the prior month’s or prior quarter's fund valuation, adjusting these valuations for capital calls, redemptions or distributions and the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, and then estimating the return for the current period. In circumstances in which the Company estimates the return for the current period, it uses all credible information available. For the Paulson hedge funds, this principally includes preliminary estimates reported by its fund managers, obtaining the valuation of underlying portfolio investments where such underlying investments are publicly traded and therefore have a readily observable price, using information that is available to the Company with respect to the underlying investments, reviewing various indices for similar investments or asset classes, as well as estimating returns based on the results of similar types of investments for which the Company has reported results, or other valuation methods, as necessary. Actual final fund valuations may differ, perhaps materially so, from the Company’s estimates and these differences are recorded in the period they become known as a change in estimate.
(g) | Derivative instruments |
Fair Value Hedges
The Company uses derivative instruments in the form of foreign currency forward exchange contracts to manage foreign currency risk. A foreign currency forward exchange contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specified amount of a specified currency at a future date at a price set at the time of the contract. Foreign currency forward exchange contracts will not eliminate fluctuations in the value of our assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies but rather allow the Company to establish a rate of exchange for a future point in time. The foreign currency forward exchange contracts are recorded as derivatives at fair value as either assets or liabilities, depending on their rights or obligations, with changes in fair value recorded as a net foreign exchange gain or loss in the Company’s Statements of Comprehensive Income.
To qualify for hedge accounting treatment, a derivative must be highly effective in mitigating the designated changes in value or cash flow of the hedged item. The Company formally documents all relationships between designated hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. The documentation process includes linking derivatives to specific assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items. The Company assesses the effectiveness of its designated hedges on an individual currency basis. If the ratio obtained with this method is within the range of 80% to 125%, the Company considers the hedge effective.
The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it is determined that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of a hedged item; the derivative is de-designated as a hedging
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
instrument; or the derivative expires or is sold, terminated or exercised. To the extent that the Company discontinues hedge accounting, because, based on management’s assessment, the derivative no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, the derivative will continue to be carried in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at its fair value, with changes in its fair value recognized in current period net income through foreign exchange gains (losses).
Cash Flow Hedges
The Company uses derivative instruments in the form of interest rate swaps to manage the interest rate exposure associated with certain assets and liabilities. These derivatives are recorded at fair value. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and are reclassified into earnings when the variability of the cash flow of the hedged item impacts earnings. Gains and losses on derivative contracts that are reclassified from OCI to current period earnings are included in the line item in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income in which the cash flows of the hedged item are recorded. Any hedge ineffectiveness is recorded immediately in current period earnings.
To qualify for hedge accounting treatment, a derivative must be highly effective in mitigating the designated changes in value or cash flow of the hedged item. The Company formally documents all relationships between designated hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. The documentation process includes linking derivatives to specific assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge's inception and on an ongoing basis (when required), whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items. The Company assesses the effectiveness of its designated hedges on an individual contract basis. The Company currently applies the long haul method when assessing the hedge's effectiveness.
The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it is determined that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of a hedged item; the derivative is de-designated as a hedging instrument; or the derivative expires or is sold, terminated or exercised. When hedge accounting is discontinued because the Company becomes aware that it is not probable that the forecasted transaction will occur, the derivative continues to be carried on the balance sheet at its fair value, and gains and losses that were accumulated in OCI are recognized immediately in earnings.
(h) | Cash and cash equivalents |
The Company considers time deposits and money market funds with an original maturity of 30 days or less as equivalent to cash.
(i) | Foreign exchange |
The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the Company and the majority of the subsidiaries. For these companies, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are revalued at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the prevailing exchange rate on the transaction date with the resulting foreign exchange gains and losses included in earnings.
Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar are translated at prevailing year end exchange rates. Revenue and expenses of such foreign operations are translated at average exchange rates during the year. The net effect of translation differences between functional and reporting currencies in foreign operations, net of applicable deferred income taxes, are included in “accumulated other comprehensive (loss).”
(j) | Stock plans |
The Company accounts for its stock plans in accordance with the U.S. GAAP fair value recognition provisions for “Stock Compensation.” Accordingly, the Company recognizes the compensation expense for stock option grants, restricted share grants and performance share awards based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant over the requisite service period.
(k) | Warrants |
The Company has accounted for certain warrant contracts issued to our sponsoring investors in conjunction with the capitalization of the Company, and which may be settled by the Company using either the physical settlement or net-share settlement
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
methods, in accordance with U.S. GAAP guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity.” Accordingly, the fair value of these warrants has been recorded in equity as an addition to additional paid-in capital.
(l) | Earnings per share |
Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share are based on the weighted average number of common shares and share equivalents excluding any anti-dilutive effects of warrants, options and other awards under stock plans.
(m) | Income taxes and uncertain tax provisions |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded in accordance with U.S. GAAP “Income Taxes” guidance. Consistent with this guidance, the Company records deferred income taxes which reflect the tax effect of the temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their respective tax bases.
The Company is not subject to any income, withholding or capital gains taxes under current Bermuda law. The Company has operations in subsidiary form in various other jurisdictions around the world, including but not limited to the U.K., U.S., Switzerland and Canada that are subject to relevant taxes in those jurisdictions.
The Company recognizes the tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained assuming examination by tax authorities. The Company did not recognize any resulting liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits.
(n) | Business combinations |
The Company accounts for business combinations in accordance with ASC Topic 805 “Business Combinations.”
On November 30, 2012, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Flagstone. The transaction was accounted for as an acquisition method business combination. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair value at the acquisition date. The excess of the value of the net assets acquired over the purchase price was recorded as gain on bargain purchase and is shown as a separate component of revenues in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2012. Flagstone’s accounting policies have been conformed to those of the Company.
(o) | Goodwill and other intangible assets |
The Company accounts for goodwill and other intangible assets recognized in business combinations in accordance with U.S. GAAP guidance. A purchase price paid that is in excess of net assets (“goodwill”) arising from a business combination is recorded as an asset, and is not amortized. Goodwill is deemed to have an indefinite life and is not amortized, but tested at least annually for impairment. Where the total fair value of net assets acquired exceeds consideration paid (“negative goodwill”), the acquirer will record a gain as a result of the bargain purchase, to be recognized through the consolidated statements of comprehensive income at the close of the transaction.
Intangible assets with a finite life are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset. Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are not amortized. Syndicate capacity is deemed to have an indefinite life. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful lives. Trademark and Distribution Network are deemed to have definite lives and are therefore amortized. Refer also to Note 6 “Goodwill and other intangible assets.”
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Such events or circumstances may include an economic downturn in a geographic market or change in the assessment of future operations.
In September 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-08, “Testing Goodwill for Impairment” (“ASU 2011-08”). The objective of ASU 2011-08 is to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. The amendments permit an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in ASC Topic 350 “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other.” If it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the two step goodwill impairment test should be performed as described below. The amendments were effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. Early adoption was permitted and the Company chose to early adopt.
The first step identifies potential impairments by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. Reporting units are consistent with the segmental basis. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, the second step calculates the possible impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill with the carrying amount. If the implied goodwill is less than the carrying amount, a write-down would be recorded. The measurement of fair values in reporting units is determined on a number of factors and assumptions including ranges of future discounted earnings, forecast revenue and operating expenses and effective tax rates.
In July 2012, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-02, "Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment" ("ASU 2012-02"). The objective of ASU 2012-02 is to simplify how entities test intangibles for impairment. The amendments permit an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative impairment described in ASC Topic 350 "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - General Intangibles Other than Goodwill." The amendments are effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012. Early adoption is permitted and the Company has chosen to early adopt.
If the goodwill or intangible asset is impaired, it is written down to its realizable value with a corresponding expense reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
(p) | Investments in affiliates |
Investments in which the Company has significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Under this method, the Company records its proportionate share of income or loss from such investments in its results for the period.
(q) | Variable interest entities ("VIE") |
The Company accounts for its investment in the AlphaCat ILS funds as variable interest entities (“VIE”) in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 810 "Consolidation." Entities that do not have sufficient equity at risk to allow the entity to finance its activities without additional financial support or in which the equity investors, as a group, do not have the characteristic of a controlling financial interest are referred to as variable interest entities. A VIE is consolidated by the variable interest holder that is determined to have the controlling financial interest (primary beneficiary). Refer to Note 8 "Investments in affiliates" for further details.
(r) | Noncontrolling interest |
The Company accounts for its noncontrolling interest in accordance with ASC Topic 810 “Consolidation.” Accordingly, the noncontrolling shareholders' interest is presented separately in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity. The net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest is presented separately in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Refer also to Note 9 “Noncontrolling interest.”
4. Recent accounting pronouncements
(a) Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In December 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-11, "Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and
Liabilities" ("ASU 2011-11"). The objective of ASU 2011-11 is to enhance disclosures by requiring improved information about financial instruments and derivative instruments in relation to netting arrangements. ASU 2011-11 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In October 2012, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-04, “Technical Corrections and Improvements” (“ASU - 2012-04”). The objective of ASU 2012-04 is to clarify the Codification, correct unintended application of guidance, or make minor improvements to the Codification that are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
practice or create a significant administrative cost to most entities. Additionally, the amendments will make the Codification easier to understand and the fair value measurement guidance easier to apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing needed clarifications. The amendments that will not have transition guidance will be effective upon issuance. For public entities, the amendments that are subject to the transition guidance will be effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2012. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In January 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-01, “Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities” (“ASU 2013-01”). The objective of ASU 2013-01 is to address implementation issues about the scope of ASU 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. The amendments clarify that the scope of ASU 2011-11 applies to derivatives, including bifurcated embedded derivatives, repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending transactions that are either or subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. Entities with other types of financial assets and financial liabilities subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement also are affected because these amendments make them no longer subject to the disclosure requirements in ASU 2011-11. ASU 2013-01 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance; however, since this update affects disclosures only, it is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In February 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2013-02, “Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2013-02”). The objective of this update is to improve the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The amendments do not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in financial statements. However, the amendments require an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. The amendments are effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance; however, since this update affects disclosures only, it is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
5. Business combination
On November 30, 2012, pursuant to a merger agreement, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common shares of Flagstone in exchange for 0.1935 Company common shares and $2.00 cash per Flagstone common share (the "Flagstone Acquisition"). The Flagstone Acquisition was undertaken to enhance the Company's leadership position in the property catastrophe reinsurance industry and to create a company with greater size and economies of scale.
The aggregate purchase price paid by the Company was $646,037 for adjusted tangible net assets acquired of $689,742. Reduced investment yields and lower returns on equity have led to the majority of publicly traded reinsurance companies trading at discounts. This was the primary factor responsible for a purchase price less than the fair value of Flagstone's net assets, and the recognition of a bargain purchase gain on acquisition.
The estimates of fair values for tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed were determined by management based on various market and income analyses and asset appraisals. Significant judgment was required to arrive at these estimates of fair value and changes to assumptions used could have led to materially different results.
In addition, at closing, the Company recorded a $2,595 intangible asset for the acquired Flagstone customer relationships. This intangible asset was related to the acquired broker distribution network and was fair valued using a variation of the income approach. Under this approach, the Company estimated the present value of expected future cash flows to an assumed hypothetical market participant resulting from the existing Flagstone customer relationships, considering attrition, and discounting at a weighted average cost of capital. In addition, the Company also recorded a $3,402 intangible asset for the acquired Flagstone brand name.
The composition of the purchase price and the fair value of net assets acquired is summarized as follows:
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Total allocable purchase price | |||||
Flagstone shares outstanding at November 30, 2012 | 73,852,137 | ||||
Exchange ratio | 0.1935 | ||||
Validus common shares issued, gross of taxes withheld | 14,290,389 | ||||
Validus share price at acquisition | 34.87 | ||||
Total value of Validus shares issued | 498,306 | ||||
Total cash consideration paid at $2.00 per Flagstone share | 147,731 | ||||
Total allocable purchase price | 646,037 | ||||
Tangible assets acquired | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 159,339 | ||||
Investments | 1,323,002 | ||||
Receivables (a) | 171,620 | ||||
Other assets | 129,245 | ||||
Tangible assets acquired | 1,783,206 | ||||
Liabilities acquired | |||||
Net loss reserves and paid losses recoverable | 639,641 | ||||
Unearned premiums, net of expenses | 104,592 | ||||
Debentures payable | 250,657 | ||||
Other liabilities | 98,574 | ||||
Liabilities acquired | 1,093,464 | ||||
Net tangible assets acquired, at fair value | 689,742 | ||||
Bargain purchase gain before establishment of intangible assets | 43,705 | ||||
Intangible asset—customer relationships and brand name | 5,997 | ||||
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of Flagstone | 49,702 | ||||
(a) | Premiums receivable of $171,620 are net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,216 and are expected to be fully recoverable. |
The Company also incurred transaction and termination expenses related to the Flagstone Acquisition. Transaction expenses included legal and financial advisory services. Termination expenses are primarily comprised of severance costs in connection with certain Flagstone employment contracts that have been terminated. Finally, the customer relationships and brand name intangible assets have been fully amortized at the acquisition date as it was not expected to significantly contribute to the Company’s future cash flows beyond December 31, 2012. The gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses has been presented as a separate line item in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, and is composed of the following:
Year Ended | ||
December 31, 2012 | ||
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of Flagstone | 49,702 | |
Transaction expenses | (5,760 | ) |
Termination expenses | (20,244 | ) |
Amortization of intangible asset—customer relationships and brand name | (5,997 | ) |
Gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses | 17,701 | |
The following selected audited information has been provided to present a summary of the results of Flagstone since the acquisition date, that have been included within the Validus Re segment in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
From Acquisition Date to | |||
December 31, 2012 | |||
Net premiums written | $ | 11,305 | |
Total revenue | 26,778 | ||
Total expenses | (17,061 | ) | |
Net income | $ | 9,717 | |
Supplemental Pro Forma Information
Operating results of Flagstone have been included in the consolidated financial statements from the November 30, 2012 acquisition date. The following selected unaudited pro forma financial information has been provided to present a summary of the combined results of the Company and Flagstone, assuming the transaction had been effected on January 1, 2011. The unaudited pro forma data is for informational purposes only and does not necessarily represent results that would have occurred if the transaction had taken place on the basis assumed above.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Year ended | Year ended | ||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | ||||||
(unaudited) | (unaudited) | ||||||
Revenues | |||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 2,536,535 | $ | 2,914,388 | |||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (397,008 | ) | (520,506 | ) | |||
Net premiums written | 2,139,527 | 2,393,882 | |||||
Change in unearned premiums | 86,935 | (20,261 | ) | ||||
Net premiums earned | 2,226,462 | 2,373,621 | |||||
Net investment income | 126,140 | 143,472 | |||||
Net realized gains on investments | 63,601 | 37,366 | |||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments | 5,654 | (47,101 | ) | ||||
(Loss) from investment affiliate | (964 | ) | — | ||||
Other income | 29,984 | 11,152 | |||||
Foreign exchange gains (losses) | 1,363 | (26,605 | ) | ||||
Total revenues | 2,452,240 | 2,491,905 | |||||
Expenses | |||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 1,242,449 | 1,920,936 | |||||
Policy acquisition costs | 413,579 | 429,509 | |||||
General and administrative expenses | 323,061 | 282,183 | |||||
Share compensation expenses | 30,750 | 35,427 | |||||
Transaction expenses | — | 17,433 | |||||
Finance expenses | 64,306 | 66,485 | |||||
Total expenses | 2,074,145 | 2,751,973 | |||||
Net income before taxes and income from operating affiliates | 378,095 | (260,068 | ) | ||||
Tax (expense) | (3,385 | ) | (773 | ) | |||
Income (loss) from operating affiliates | 12,868 | (922 | ) | ||||
Net income (loss) from continuing operations | 387,578 | (261,763 | ) | ||||
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | 19,366 | (21,662 | ) | ||||
Net income (loss) | 406,944 | (283,425 | ) | ||||
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | 14,685 | (24,515 | ) | ||||
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to Validus | 421,629 | (307,940 | ) | ||||
Basic earnings per share | $ | 3.73 | $ | (3.20 | ) | ||
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 3.62 | $ | (3.20 | ) | ||
6. Goodwill and other intangible assets
Following the Flagstone Acquisition on November 30, 2012, the Company recorded intangible assets (including certain amortization thereon) and a gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses. Intangible assets of $5,997 were recognized as a result of the Flagstone Acquisition (relating to customer relationships and brand name). As of December 31, 2012, the customer relationships and brand name intangible asset have been fully amortized as it was not expected to significantly contribute to the Company’s future cash flows beyond December 31, 2012.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Following the acquisition of Talbot Holdings Ltd. on July 2, 2007, the Company recorded intangible assets in the name of Syndicate Capacity, Trademark and Distribution Network (including certain amortization thereon) and goodwill. Syndicate Capacity represents Talbot’s authorized premium income limit to write insurance business in the Lloyd’s market. Talbot has owned 100% of Syndicate 1183’s capacity since 2002 and there are no third party tenure rights. The capacity is renewed annually at no cost to Talbot, but may be freely purchased or sold, subject to Lloyd’s approval. The ability to write insurance business under the syndicate capacity is indefinite with the premium income limit being set yearly by Talbot, subject to Lloyd’s approval. Trademark and Distribution Network are estimated to have finite useful economic lives of 10 years and are amortized on a straight line basis over such periods. Syndicate Capacity and goodwill are estimated to have indefinite useful lives. Goodwill includes amounts related to the value of the workforce. The goodwill and intangibles are recorded entirely in the Company’s Talbot segment.
The following table shows an analysis of goodwill and other intangible assets included in the Talbot segment:
Goodwill | Intangible assets with an indefinite life | Intangible assets with a finite life | Total | ||||||||||||
Gross balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | 20,393 | $ | 91,843 | $ | 41,616 | $ | 153,852 | |||||||
Accumulated amortization | — | — | (22,890 | ) | (22,890 | ) | |||||||||
Net balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | 20,393 | $ | 91,843 | $ | 18,726 | $ | 130,962 | |||||||
Gross balance at December 31, 2011 | $ | 20,393 | $ | 91,843 | $ | 41,616 | $ | 153,852 | |||||||
Accumulated amortization | — | — | (18,728 | ) | (18,728 | ) | |||||||||
Net balance at December 31, 2011 | $ | 20,393 | $ | 91,843 | $ | 22,888 | $ | 135,124 | |||||||
Gross balance at December 31, 2010 | $ | 20,393 | $ | 91,843 | $ | 41,616 | $ | 153,852 | |||||||
Accumulated amortization | — | — | (14,566 | ) | (14,566 | ) | |||||||||
Net balance at December 31, 2010 | $ | 20,393 | $ | 91,843 | $ | 27,050 | $ | 139,286 | |||||||
The estimated remaining amortization expense for the Trademark and Distribution Network is as follows:
2013 | $ | 4,162 | |
2014 | 4,162 | ||
2015 | 4,162 | ||
2016 | 4,162 | ||
2017 and thereafter | 2,078 | ||
$ | 18,726 | ||
As described in “Significant accounting policies”, the annual impairment test was performed. Neither goodwill nor the indefinite-lived intangible assets were deemed to be impaired.
7. Investments
The Company’s investments in fixed maturities, short-term investments and other investments are classified as trading and carried at fair value, with related net unrealized gains or losses included in earnings. The Company has adopted all authoritative guidance in effect as of the balance sheet date regarding certain market conditions that allow for fair value measurements that incorporate unobservable inputs where active market transaction based measurements are unavailable.
(a) | Classification within the fair value hierarchy |
Under U.S. GAAP, a company must determine the appropriate level in the fair value hierarchy for each fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs, which refer broadly to assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, into three levels. It gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which a fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. A significant adjustment to a Level 2 input could result in the Level 2 measurement becoming a Level 3 measurement. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
Level 1 primarily consists of financial instruments whose value is based on quoted market prices or alternative indices including overnight repos and commercial paper.
Level 2 includes financial instruments that are valued through independent external sources using models or other valuation methodologies. These models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curve, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, current market and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Substantially all of these assumptions are observable in the marketplace, can be derived from observable data or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. The Company performs internal procedures on the valuations received from independent external sources. Investments in U.S. and Non-U.S. government/agency securities, corporate bonds, mortgage backed securities, bank loans, municipal bonds and asset-backed securities are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of these securities is derived from index providers, pricing vendors and broker quotations based on inputs that are observable for the asset such as reported trades, bids, offers, benchmark yields and broker-dealer quotes. Catastrophe bonds are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as determined by reference to direct dealer quotations. Those indications are based on current market conditions, including liquidity and transactional history, recent issue price of similar catastrophe bonds and seasonality of the underlying risks.
Level 3 includes financial instruments that are valued using market approach and income approach valuation techniques. These models incorporate both observable and unobservable inputs. The Company's hedge funds, a fund of hedge funds and private equity investments are the only financial instruments in this category as at December 31, 2012. For each respective hedge fund investment, the Company obtains and reviews the valuation methodology used by the fund administrators and investment managers to ensure that the hedge fund investments are following fair value principles consistent with U.S. GAAP in determining the net asset value (“NAV”).
Other investments consist of hedge funds, a fund of hedge funds, private equity investments and a deferred compensation trust held in mutual funds. The hedge funds were valued at $538,526 at December 31, 2012. The hedge funds consist of an investment in four Paulson & Co. managed funds and three investment funds assumed from the Flagstone Acquisition. The Paulson & Co. Inc. funds' administrator provides monthly reported NAVs with a one-month delay in its valuation. As a result, the funds' administrator's November 30, 2012 NAV was used as a partial basis for fair value measurement in the Company's December 31, 2012 balance sheet. The fund manager provides an estimate of the NAV at December 31, 2012 based on estimated performance. The Company adjusts fair value to the fund manager's estimated NAV that incorporates relevant valuation sources on a timely basis. As this valuation technique incorporates both observable and significant unobservable inputs, the fund is classified as a Level 3 asset. To determine the reasonableness of the estimated NAV, the Company assesses the variance between the fund manager's estimated NAV and the fund administrator's NAV. Material variances are recorded in the current reporting period while immaterial variances are recorded in the following reporting period. These managed hedge funds are subject to quarterly liquidity.
The Flagstone investment funds and private equity investments' monthly reported NAV is provided with a one-month or one-quarter delay in its valuation. As a result, the November 30, 2012 NAV or the September 30, 2012 NAV was used as a basis for fair value measurement in the Company's December 31, 2012 balance sheet. As this valuation technique incorporates both observable and significant unobservable inputs, the investments funds and private equity investments are classified as Level 3 assets.
The fund of hedge funds is a side pocket valued at $4,056 at December 31, 2012. While a redemption request has been submitted, the timing of receipt of proceeds on the side pocket is unknown. The fund’s administrator provides a monthly reported NAV with a one-month delay in its valuation. As a result, the fund administrator’s November 30, 2012 NAV was used as a basis for fair value measurement in the Company’s December 31, 2012 balance sheet. The fund manager provides an estimate of the fund NAV at December 31, 2012 based on the estimated performance provided from the underlying third-party funds. To determine the reasonableness of the NAV, the Company compares the one-month delayed fund administrator’s NAV to the fund manager’s estimated NAV that incorporates relevant valuation sources on a timely basis. Material variances are recorded in the current reporting period while immaterial variances are recorded in the following reporting period. As this valuation technique incorporates both observable and significant unobservable inputs, the fund of hedge funds is classified as a Level 3 asset.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
At December 31, 2012, the Company’s investments were allocated between Levels 1, 2 and 3 as follows:
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Government Agency | $ | — | $ | 1,099,230 | $ | — | $ | 1,099,230 | |||||||
Non-U.S. Government and Government Agency | — | 302,279 | — | 302,279 | |||||||||||
States, municipalities, political subdivision | — | 42,063 | — | 42,063 | |||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | — | 388,874 | — | 388,874 | |||||||||||
Non-Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | — | 106,456 | — | 106,456 | |||||||||||
U.S. corporate | — | 1,210,173 | — | 1,210,173 | |||||||||||
Non-U.S. corporate | — | 593,265 | — | 593,265 | |||||||||||
Bank loans | — | 673,383 | — | 673,383 | |||||||||||
Catastrophe bonds | — | 56,947 | — | 56,947 | |||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | — | 612,664 | — | 612,664 | |||||||||||
Total fixed maturities | — | 5,085,334 | — | 5,085,334 | |||||||||||
Short-term investments | 1,063,175 | 51,075 | — | 1,114,250 | |||||||||||
Fund of hedge funds | — | — | 4,757 | 4,757 | |||||||||||
Private equity investments | — | — | 12,951 | 12,951 | |||||||||||
Hedge funds (a) | — | — | 538,526 | 538,526 | |||||||||||
Mutual funds | — | 8,214 | — | 8,214 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,063,175 | $ | 5,144,623 | $ | 556,234 | $ | 6,764,032 | |||||||
Noncontrolling interest (a) | — | — | (432,737 | ) | (432,737 | ) | |||||||||
Total investments excluding noncontrolling interest | $ | 1,063,175 | $ | 5,144,623 | $ | 123,497 | $ | 6,331,295 | |||||||
(a) | The Company has an equity interest of 10% in PaCRe, the remaining 90% interest is held by third party investors. |
At December 31, 2011, the Company’s investments were allocated between Levels 1, 2 and 3 as follows:
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Government Agency | $ | — | $ | 1,182,393 | $ | — | $ | 1,182,393 | |||||||
Non-U.S. Government and Government Agency | — | 449,358 | — | 449,358 | |||||||||||
States, municipalities, political subdivision | — | 26,291 | — | 26,291 | |||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | — | 468,054 | — | 468,054 | |||||||||||
Non-Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | — | 32,706 | — | 32,706 | |||||||||||
U.S. corporate | — | 1,329,758 | — | 1,329,758 | |||||||||||
Non-U.S. corporate | — | 579,675 | — | 579,675 | |||||||||||
Bank loans | — | 467,256 | — | 467,256 | |||||||||||
Catastrophe bonds | — | 29,952 | — | 29,952 | |||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | — | 328,299 | — | 328,299 | |||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | 403 | — | 403 | |||||||||||
Total fixed maturities | — | 4,894,145 | — | 4,894,145 | |||||||||||
Short-term investments | 257,854 | 22,337 | — | 280,191 | |||||||||||
Fund of hedge funds | — | — | 5,627 | 5,627 | |||||||||||
Private equity investment | — | — | 3,253 | 3,253 | |||||||||||
Mutual funds | — | 7,907 | — | 7,907 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 257,854 | $ | 4,924,389 | $ | 8,880 | $ | 5,191,123 | |||||||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
At December 31, 2012, Level 3 investments excluding the noncontrolling interest totaled $123,497, representing 2.0% of total investments, excluding noncontrolling interest, measured at fair value on a recurring basis. At December 31, 2011, Level 3 investments totaled $8,880 representing 0.2% of total investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
The following tables present a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for all investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs during the years ending December 31, 2012 and 2011:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||
Fixed Maturity Investments | Other Investments | Total Fair Market Value | |||||||||
Level 3 investments—Beginning of period | $ | — | $ | 8,880 | $ | 8,880 | |||||
Purchases (a) | — | 572,287 | 572,287 | ||||||||
Sales | — | (1,682 | ) | (1,682 | ) | ||||||
Issuances | — | — | — | ||||||||
Settlements | — | — | — | ||||||||
Realized gains | — | 100 | 100 | ||||||||
Unrealized (losses) | — | (21,018 | ) | (21,018 | ) | ||||||
Amortization | — | — | — | ||||||||
Transfers | — | (2,333 | ) | (2,333 | ) | ||||||
Level 3 investments—End of period | $ | — | $ | 556,234 | $ | 556,234 | |||||
Noncontrolling interest (b) | — | (432,737 | ) | (432,737 | ) | ||||||
Level 3 investments excluding noncontrolling interest | $ | — | $ | 123,497 | $ | 123,497 | |||||
(a) | Includes $70,657 assumed from the Flagstone Acquisition. |
Year Ended December 31, 2011 | |||||||||||
Fixed Maturity Investments | Other Investments | Total Fair Market Value | |||||||||
Level 3 investments—Beginning of period | $ | — | $ | 12,892 | $ | 12,892 | |||||
Purchases | — | 3,253 | 3,253 | ||||||||
Sales | — | (7,220 | ) | (7,220 | ) | ||||||
Issuances | — | — | — | ||||||||
Settlements | — | — | — | ||||||||
Realized gains | — | 697 | 697 | ||||||||
Unrealized (losses) | — | (742 | ) | (742 | ) | ||||||
Amortization | — | — | — | ||||||||
Transfers | — | — | — | ||||||||
Level 3 investments—End of period | $ | — | $ | 8,880 | $ | 8,880 | |||||
(b) | The Company has an equity interest of 10% in PaCRe, the remaining 90% interest is held by third party investors. |
There have not been any transfers between Levels 1 and 2 during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the year ended December 31, 2012, there was a transfer of an investment into Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. This transfer was due to the conversion of a bank loan to another investment. There was also a transfer of the private equity investment out of Level 3 “Other investments” to “Investments in affiliates” during the year ended December 31, 2012. Refer to Note 8 “Investments in affiliates.”
(c) | Net investment income |
Net investment income was derived from the following sources:
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Year Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Fixed maturities and short-term investments | $ | 105,937 | $ | 111,983 | $ | 132,669 | |||||
Other investments | 2,790 | — | — | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 7,259 | 7,285 | 8,180 | ||||||||
Securities lending income | 14 | 58 | 200 | ||||||||
Total gross investment income | 116,000 | 119,326 | 141,049 | ||||||||
Investment expenses | (8,064 | ) | (7,030 | ) | (6,946 | ) | |||||
Net investment income | $ | 107,936 | $ | 112,296 | $ | 134,103 | |||||
(c) | Fixed maturity, short-term and other investments |
The following represents an analysis of net realized gains and the change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investments:
Year Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Fixed maturities, short-term and other investments and cash equivalents | |||||||||||
Gross realized gains | $ | 38,905 | $ | 45,026 | $ | 76,920 | |||||
Gross realized (losses) | (20,672 | ) | (16,494 | ) | (44,422 | ) | |||||
Net realized gains on investments | 18,233 | 28,532 | 32,498 | ||||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities lending | 260 | 39 | (1,009 | ) | |||||||
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investments | 17,325 | (20,030 | ) | 46,961 | |||||||
Total net realized gains and change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investments | $ | 35,818 | $ | 8,541 | $ | 78,450 | |||||
Noncontrolling interest (a) | (17,263 | ) | — | — | |||||||
Total net realized gains and change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investments excluding noncontrolling interest | $ | 18,555 | $ | 8,541 | $ | 78,450 | |||||
(a) | The Company has an equity interest of 10% in PaCRe, the remaining 90% interest is held by third party investors. |
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and (losses) and estimated fair value of investments at December 31, 2012 were as follows:
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Government Agency | $ | 1,091,357 | $ | 7,957 | $ | (84 | ) | $ | 1,099,230 | ||||||
Non-U.S. Government and Government Agency | 295,602 | 6,904 | (227 | ) | 302,279 | ||||||||||
States, municipalities, political subdivision | 41,286 | 800 | (23 | ) | 42,063 | ||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | 375,368 | 13,708 | (202 | ) | 388,874 | ||||||||||
Non-Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | 106,536 | 1,266 | (1,346 | ) | 106,456 | ||||||||||
U.S. corporate | 1,189,173 | 21,681 | (681 | ) | 1,210,173 | ||||||||||
Non-U.S. corporate | 582,115 | 11,373 | (223 | ) | 593,265 | ||||||||||
Bank loans | 663,217 | 10,593 | (427 | ) | 673,383 | ||||||||||
Catastrophe bonds | 56,757 | 481 | (291 | ) | 56,947 | ||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 607,103 | 5,767 | (206 | ) | 612,664 | ||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Total fixed maturities | 5,008,514 | 80,530 | (3,710 | ) | 5,085,334 | ||||||||||
Total short-term investments | 1,112,929 | 1,349 | (28 | ) | 1,114,250 | ||||||||||
Other investments | |||||||||||||||
Fund of hedge funds | 4,677 | 299 | (219 | ) | 4,757 | ||||||||||
Hedge funds (a) | 559,335 | 21,814 | (42,623 | ) | 538,526 | ||||||||||
Private equity investments | 12,857 | 94 | — | 12,951 | |||||||||||
Mutual funds | 6,199 | 2,015 | — | 8,214 | |||||||||||
Total other investments | 583,068 | 24,222 | (42,842 | ) | 564,448 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 6,704,511 | $ | 106,101 | $ | (46,580 | ) | $ | 6,764,032 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interest (a) | $ | (450,000 | ) | $ | (19,427 | ) | $ | 36,690 | $ | (432,737 | ) | ||||
Total investments excluding noncontrolling interest | $ | 6,254,511 | $ | 86,674 | $ | (9,890 | ) | $ | 6,331,295 | ||||||
(a) | The Company has an equity interest of 10% in PaCRe, the remaining 90% interest is held by third party investors. |
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and (losses) and estimated fair value of investments at December 31, 2011 were as follows:
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Government Agency | $ | 1,170,810 | $ | 11,630 | $ | (47 | ) | $ | 1,182,393 | ||||||
Non-U.S. Government and Government Agency | 446,258 | 9,173 | (6,073 | ) | 449,358 | ||||||||||
States, municipalities, political subdivision | 25,715 | 586 | (10 | ) | 26,291 | ||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | 451,751 | 16,622 | (319 | ) | 468,054 | ||||||||||
Non-Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | 39,134 | 143 | (6,571 | ) | 32,706 | ||||||||||
U.S. corporate | 1,314,375 | 24,932 | (9,549 | ) | 1,329,758 | ||||||||||
Non-U.S. corporate | 577,743 | 6,320 | (4,388 | ) | 579,675 | ||||||||||
Bank loans | 475,770 | 2,435 | (10,949 | ) | 467,256 | ||||||||||
Catastrophe bonds | 29,250 | 702 | — | 29,952 | |||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 328,497 | 900 | (1,098 | ) | 328,299 | ||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 402 | 1 | — | 403 | |||||||||||
Total fixed maturities | 4,859,705 | 73,444 | (39,004 | ) | 4,894,145 | ||||||||||
Total short-term investments | 280,299 | 1 | (109 | ) | 280,191 | ||||||||||
Other investments | |||||||||||||||
Fund of hedge funds | 5,244 | 383 | — | 5,627 | |||||||||||
Private equity investment | 3,253 | — | — | 3,253 | |||||||||||
Mutual funds | 6,505 | 1,402 | — | 7,907 | |||||||||||
Total other investments | 15,002 | 1,785 | — | 16,787 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 5,155,006 | $ | 75,230 | $ | (39,113 | ) | $ | 5,191,123 | ||||||
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the investment ratings of the Company’s fixed maturities portfolio as at December 31, 2012 and 2011. Investment ratings are the lower of Moody’s or Standard & Poor’s rating for each investment security, presented in Standard & Poor’s equivalent rating. For investments where Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s ratings are not available, Fitch ratings are used and presented in Standard & Poor’s equivalent rating.
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||
Estimated Fair Value | % of Total | Estimated Fair Value | % of Total | ||||||||||
AAA | $ | 1,062,794 | 20.9 | % | $ | 882,912 | 18.0 | % | |||||
AA | 1,862,322 | 36.6 | % | 2,077,981 | 42.5 | % | |||||||
A | 1,049,969 | 20.6 | % | 1,078,793 | 22.0 | % | |||||||
BBB | 374,447 | 7.4 | % | 345,091 | 7.1 | % | |||||||
Investment grade | 4,349,532 | 85.5 | % | 4,384,777 | 89.6 | % | |||||||
BB | 373,907 | 7.4 | % | 254,409 | 5.2 | % | |||||||
B | 330,416 | 6.5 | % | 231,420 | 4.7 | % | |||||||
CCC | 4,483 | 0.1 | % | 12,578 | 0.3 | % | |||||||
CC | 3,259 | 0.1 | % | 4,605 | 0.1 | % | |||||||
D/NR | 23,737 | 0.4 | % | 6,356 | 0.1 | % | |||||||
Non-Investment grade | 735,802 | 14.5 | % | 509,368 | 10.4 | % | |||||||
Total Fixed Maturities | $ | 5,085,334 | 100.0 | % | $ | 4,894,145 | 100.0 | % | |||||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
The amortized cost and estimated fair value amounts for fixed maturity securities held at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are shown below by contractual maturity. Actual maturity may differ from contractual maturity because certain borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||
Amortized Cost | Estimated Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||
Due in one year or less | $ | 526,529 | $ | 530,499 | $ | 520,631 | $ | 523,107 | |||||||
Due after one year through five years | 2,971,118 | 3,018,544 | 3,160,647 | 3,186,711 | |||||||||||
Due after five years through ten years | 418,377 | 424,304 | 350,459 | 346,654 | |||||||||||
Due after ten years | 3,483 | 3,993 | 8,184 | 8,211 | |||||||||||
3,919,507 | 3,977,340 | 4,039,921 | 4,064,683 | ||||||||||||
Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities | 1,089,007 | 1,107,994 | 819,784 | 829,462 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 5,008,514 | $ | 5,085,334 | $ | 4,859,705 | $ | 4,894,145 | |||||||
The Company has a four-year, $525,000 secured letter of credit facility provided by a syndicate of commercial banks (the “Four Year Facility”). At December 31, 2012, approximately $376,570 (December 31, 2011: $nil) of letters of credit were issued and outstanding under this facility for which $517,210 of investments were pledged as collateral (December 31, 2011: $nil). In 2007, the Company entered into a $100,000 standby letter of credit facility which provides Funds at Lloyd’s (the “Talbot FAL Facility”). On November 19, 2009, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to the Talbot FAL Facility to reduce the commitment from $100,000 to $25,000. At December 31, 2012, $25,000 (December 31, 2011: $25,000) of letters of credit were issued and outstanding under the Talbot FAL Facility for which $41,372 of investments were pledged as collateral (December 31, 2011: $44,623). In addition, $2,139,068 of investments were held in trust at December 31, 2012 (December 31, 2011: $2,129,570). Of those, $1,901,468 were held in trust for the benefit of Talbot’s cedants and policyholders, and to facilitate the accreditation of Talbot as an alien insurer/reinsurer by certain regulators (December 31, 2011: $1,686,586). In 2009, the Company entered into a $500,000 secured letter of credit facility provided by Citibank Europe plc (the “Secured Bi-Lateral Letter of Credit Facility”). At December 31, 2012 approximately $92,402 (December 31, 2011: $nil) letters of credit were issued and outstanding under this facility for which $125,991 of investments were pledged as collateral (December 31, 2011: $nil).
The Company assumed two letters of credit facilities as part of the acquisition of IPC Holdings, Ltd. (the “IPC Acquisition”). A Credit Facility between IPC, IPCRe Limited, the Lenders party thereto and Wachovia Bank, National Association (the “IPC Syndicated Facility”) and a Letters of Credit Master Agreement between Citibank N.A. and IPCRe Limited (the “IPC Bi-Lateral Facility”). At March 31, 2010, the IPC Syndicated Facility was closed. At December 31, 2012, the IPC Bi-Lateral Facility had $40,613 (December 31, 2011: $57,146) letters of credit issued and outstanding for which $98,593 (December 31, 2011: $105,428) of investments were held in an associated collateral account.
As part of the acquisition of Flagstone, the Company assumed a Letters of Credit Master Agreement between Citibank Europe Plc and Flagstone Reassurance Suisse, S.A. (the “Flagstone Bi-Lateral Facility”). At December 31, 2012, the Flagstone Bi-Lateral Facility had $381,019 (December 31, 2011: $nil) letters of credit issued and outstanding for which $416,414 (December 31, 2011: $nil) of investments were held in an associated collateral account.
(d) | Securities lending |
The Company participates in a securities lending program whereby certain securities from its portfolio are loaned to third parties for short periods of time through a lending agent. The Company retains all economic interest in the securities it lends and receives a fee from the borrower for the temporary use of the securities. Collateral in the form of cash, government securities and letters of credit is required at a rate of 102% of the market value of the loaned securities and is held by a third party. As at December 31, 2012, the Company had $678 (December 31, 2011: $8,286) in securities on loan. During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company recorded a $260 unrealized gain on this collateral on its Statements of Comprehensive Income (December 31, 2011: unrealized gain $39; December 31, 2010: unrealized loss $(1,009)).
Securities lending collateral reinvested includes corporate floating rate securities and overnight repos with an average reset period of 2.0 days (December 31, 2011: 3.9 days). As at December 31, 2012, the securities lending collateral reinvested by the Company in connection with its securities lending program was allocated between Levels 1, 2 and 3 as follows:
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 225 | — | — | $ | 225 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 225 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 225 | |||||||
As at December 31, 2011, the securities lending collateral reinvested by the Company in connection with its securities lending program was allocated between Levels 1, 2 and 3 as follows:
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||
Corporate | $ | — | $ | 255 | $ | — | $ | 255 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 7,481 | — | — | 7,481 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 7,481 | $ | 255 | $ | — | $ | 7,736 | |||||||
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the investment ratings of the Company’s securities lending collateral reinvested as at December 31, 2012 and 2011. Investment ratings are the lower of Moody’s or Standard & Poor’s rating for each investment security, presented in Standard & Poor’s equivalent rating. For investments where Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s ratings are not available, Fitch ratings are used and presented in Standard & Poor’s equivalent rating.
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||
Estimated Fair Value | % of Total | Estimated Fair Value | % of Total | ||||||||||
NR | $ | — | 0.0 | % | $ | 255 | 3.3 | % | |||||
NR – Short-term investments(a) | 225 | 100.0 | % | 7,481 | 96.7 | % | |||||||
Total | $ | 225 | 100.0 | % | $ | 7,736 | 100.0 | % | |||||
(a) | This amount relates to certain short-term investments with short original maturities which are generally not rated. |
The amortized cost and estimated fair value amounts for securities lending collateral reinvested by the Company at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are shown by contractual maturity below. Actual maturity may differ from contractual maturity because certain borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||
Amortized Cost | Estimated Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||
Due in one year or less | $ | 691 | $ | 225 | $ | 7,462 | $ | 7,481 | |||||||
Due after one year through five years | — | — | 1,000 | 255 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 691 | $ | 225 | $ | 8,462 | $ | 7,736 | |||||||
8. Investments in affiliates
(a) | Operating affiliates |
AlphaCat Re 2011, Ltd.
On May 25, 2011, the Company joined with other investors in capitalizing AlphaCat Re 2011, Ltd. (“AlphaCat Re 2011”), a special purpose reinsurer formed for the purpose of writing collateralized reinsurance and retrocessional reinsurance. At the time of formation, Validus Re had a majority voting equity interest in AlphaCat Re 2011 and as a result the financial statements of AlphaCat Re 2011 were included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
On December 23, 2011, AlphaCat Re 2011 completed a secondary offering of its common shares to third party investors, along with a partial sale of Validus Re’s common shares to one of the third party investors.
As a result of these transactions, Validus Re Consolidated maintained an equity interest in AlphaCat Re 2011, however its share of AlphaCat Re 2011’s outstanding voting rights decreased to 43.7%. As a result of the Company’s voting interest falling below 50%, the individual assets and liabilities and corresponding noncontrolling interest of AlphaCat Re 2011 were derecognized
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
from the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as at December 31, 2011 and the remaining investment in AlphaCat Re 2011 has been treated as an equity method investment effective December 31, 2011. The portion of AlphaCat Re 2011’s earnings attributable to third party investors for the year ended December 31, 2011 were recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as net income attributable to noncontrolling interest.
AlphaCat Re 2012, Ltd.
On May 29, 2012, the Company joined with other investors in capitalizing AlphaCat Re 2012, Ltd. ("AlphaCat Re 2012"), a special purpose reinsurer formed for the purpose of writing collateralized reinsurance with a particular focus on windstorm risks for Florida domiciled insurance companies. The Company holds an equity interest of 37.9% and a voting interest of 49.0% in AlphaCat Re 2012, therefore the investment has been treated as an equity method investment as at December 31, 2012.
AlphaCat 2013, Ltd.
On December 17, 2012, the Company joined with other investors in capitalizing AlphaCat 2013, Ltd. ("AlphaCat 2013"), a new special purpose vehicle formed for the purpose of investing in collateralized reinsurance. The Company holds an equity interest of 18.9% and a voting interest of 40.9% in AlphaCat 2013, therefore the investment has been treated as an equity method investment as at December 31, 2012.
The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending investment in operating affiliate balances for the year ended December 31, 2012:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||
Investment in operating affiliate (AlphaCat Re 2011) | Investment in operating affiliate (AlphaCat Re 2012) | Investment in operating affiliate (AlphaCat 2013) | Total | ||||||||||||
As at December 31, 2011 | $ | 53,031 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 53,031 | |||||||
Purchase of shares | — | 26,500 | 45,000 | 71,500 | |||||||||||
Income from operating affiliates | 9,761 | 2,819 | — | 12,580 | |||||||||||
As at December 31, 2012 | $ | 62,792 | $ | 29,319 | $ | 45,000 | $ | 137,111 | |||||||
The following table presents the Company’s investments in AlphaCat Re 2011, AlphaCat Re 2012 and AlphaCat 2013, as at December 31, 2012:
Investment in operating affiliates | |||||||||||||
Investment at cost | Voting ownership % | Equity ownership % | Carrying value | ||||||||||
AlphaCat Re 2011 | $ | 41,389 | 43.7 | % | 22.3 | % | $ | 62,792 | |||||
AlphaCat Re 2012 | $ | 26,500 | 49.0 | % | 37.9 | % | $ | 29,319 | |||||
AlphaCat 2013 | $ | 45,000 | 40.9 | % | 18.9 | % | $ | 45,000 | |||||
Total | $ | 112,889 | $ | 137,111 | |||||||||
The following table presents certain summarized financial information of the investees as a whole at December 31, 2012 and for the year ended:
Combined investees summarized financial data | |||||||||||||||
Total assets | Total liabilities | Total revenue | Net income | ||||||||||||
AlphaCat Re 2011 | $ | 366,697 | $ | 47,345 | $ | 104,031 | $ | 43,852 | |||||||
AlphaCat Re 2012 | $ | 98,596 | $ | 21,586 | $ | 19,496 | $ | 7,445 | |||||||
AlphaCat 2013 | $ | 228,144 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
(b) | Investment in Insurance Linked Securities ("ILS") |
The Company received $219,400 of third party subscriptions in the AlphaCat ILS funds as of December 31, 2012. The AlphaCat ILS funds invest in instruments with returns linked to property catastrophe reinsurance, retrocession and ILS contracts. Two of the funds are variable interest entities and are consolidated by the Company as Validus Re is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. The other fund is also a variable interest entity, however, it is not consolidated by the Company as Validus Re is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary. As a result, the investment in this fund is included in "Investments in affiliates" as at December 31, 2012. The Company's investment in this fund amounted to $20,000 as at December 31, 2012. The Company's maximum exposure to loss with respect to this investment is limited to the investment carrying amount reported in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(c) | Investment affiliate |
Aquiline Financial Services Fund II L.P.
On December 20, 2011, Validus Re Consolidated entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Aquiline Capital Partners LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Assignor”) and Aquiline Capital Partners II GP (Offshore) Ltd., a Cayman Islands company limited by shares (the “General Partner”) pursuant to which Validus Re Consolidated has assumed 100% of the Assignor’s interest in Aquiline Financial Services Fund II L.P. (the “Partnership”) representing a total capital commitment of $50,000 (the “Commitment”), as a limited partner in the Partnership (the “Transferred Interest”). The Transferred Interest is governed by the terms of an Amended and Restated Exempted Limited Partnership Agreement dated as of July 2, 2010 (the “Limited Partnership Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Limited Partnership Agreement, the Commitment will expire on July 2, 2015.
The private equity limited partnership provides quarterly capital account statements with a three-month delay in its valuation. As a result, the limited partnership’s September 30, 2012 capital account statement was used as a basis for calculation of the Company’s share of partnership income for the year.
The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending investment in the Company’s investment affiliate balance for the year ended December 31, 2012:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | |||
Investment in limited partnership (Aquiline Financial Services Fund II L.P.)(a) | |||
As at December 31, 2011 | $ | 3,253 | |
Capital contributions | 14,365 | ||
Net unrealized loss on investments (a) | (1,436 | ) | |
Loss from investment affiliate | (964 | ) | |
As at December 31, 2012 | $ | 15,218 | |
(a) | As at December 31, 2011, this investment was included in “Other investments” as a Level 3 investment in the fair value hierarchy, hence the change in fair value was included in net unrealized (losses) gains on investments. |
The following table presents the Company’s investment in investment affiliate as at December 31, 2012:
Investment in investment affiliate | |||||||||||||
Investment at cost | Voting ownership % | Equity ownership % | Carrying value | ||||||||||
Aquiline Financial Services Fund II L.P. | $ | 17,618 | — | % | 6.7 | % | $ | 15,218 | |||||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
9. Noncontrolling interest
On April 2, 2012, the Company joined with other investors in capitalizing PaCRe, Ltd. (“PaCRe”), a new Class 4 Bermuda reinsurer formed for the purpose of writing high excess property catastrophe reinsurance. Validus Re has a majority voting equity interest in PaCRe and as a result, the financial statements of PaCRe are included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The portion of PaCRe’s earnings attributable to third party investors for the year ended December 31, 2012 is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest.
The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of noncontrolling interest for the year ended December 31, 2012:
Noncontrolling interest - | |||
PacRe | |||
Balance—December 31, 2011 | $ | — | |
Purchase of shares by noncontrolling interest | 450,100 | ||
Net (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest | (15,820 | ) | |
Balance—December 31, 2012 | $ | 434,280 | |
10. Derivative instruments used in hedging activities
The Company enters into derivative instruments for risk management purposes, specifically to hedge unmatched foreign currency exposures and interest rate exposures. As at December 31, 2012, the Company held a foreign currency forward contract to mitigate the risk of foreign currency exposure of unpaid losses denominated in Chilean Pesos (CLP) as well as foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the risk of fluctuations in the Euro to U.S. dollar exchange rates. As at December 31, 2012, the Company held two interest rate swap contracts to mitigate the risk of interest rate exposure on the payment of interest on the Company's 2006 and 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures.
As part of the Flagstone Acquisition, the Company assumed currency swaps and foreign currency forward contracts which are not designated as hedging instruments.
The following table summarizes information on the location and amount of the derivative fair value on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2012:
Asset derivatives | Liability derivatives | |||||||||||||||
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: | Net notional exposure | Balance Sheet location | Fair value | Balance Sheet location | Fair value | |||||||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | $ | 35,976 | Other assets | $ | — | Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 223 | ||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | $ | 289,800 | Other assets | $ | — | Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 220 | ||||||||
Asset derivatives | Liability derivatives | |||||||||||||||
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: | Net notional exposure | Balance Sheet location | Fair value | Balance Sheet location | Fair value | |||||||||||
Currency swaps | $ | 17,153 | Other assets | $ | — | Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 772 | ||||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | $ | 310,541 | Other assets | $ | — | Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 394 | ||||||||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
The following table summarizes information on the location and amount of the derivative fair value on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2011:
Asset derivatives | Liability derivatives | |||||||||||||||
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: | Net notional exposure | Balance Sheet location | Fair value | Balance Sheet location | Fair value | |||||||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | $ | 75,323 | Other assets | $ | 476 | Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | — | ||||||||
(a) | Classification within the fair value hierarchy |
As described in Note 7 “Investments,” under U.S. GAAP, a company must determine the appropriate level in the fair value
hierarchy for each fair value measurement. The assumptions used within the valuation are observable in the marketplace, can be derived from observable data or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. Accordingly, these derivatives were classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
(b) | Derivative instruments designated as a fair value hedge |
The Company designates its derivative instruments as fair value hedges and formally and contemporaneously documents all relationships between the hedging instruments and hedged items and links the hedging derivatives to specific assets and liabilities. The Company assesses the effectiveness of the hedges, both at inception and on an on-going basis and determines whether the hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value of the linked hedged items.
The following table provides the total impact on earnings relating to the derivative instruments formally designated as fair value hedges along with the impact of the related hedged items for the year ended December 31, 2012:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges and related hedged item: | Location of gain (loss) recognized in income | Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivative | Amount of gain (loss) on hedged item recognized in income attributable to risk being hedged | Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivative (ineffective portion) | ||||||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts (a) | Foreign exchange (loss) gain | $ | 1,017 | $ | (912 | ) | $ | (105 | ) | |||||
Year Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges and related hedged item: | Location of gain (loss) recognized in income | Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivative | Amount of gain (loss) on hedged item recognized in income attributable to risk being hedged | Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivative (ineffective portion) | ||||||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | Foreign exchange (loss) gain | $ | (3,994 | ) | $ | 3,994 | $ | — | ||||||
(a) | There were no designated hedge derivatives as part of the Flagstone Acquisition as at December 31, 2012, however some were held during the one-month period from November 30, 2012 to December 31, 2012. |
(c) Derivative instruments designated as a cash flow hedge
The Company designates its interest rate derivative instruments as cash flow hedges and formally and contemporaneously documents all relationships between the hedging instruments and hedged items and links the hedging derivatives to specific assets and liabilities. The Company assesses the effectiveness of the hedges, both at inception and on an on-going basis (as required) and determines whether the hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value of the linked hedged items. The Company currently applies the long haul method when assessing the hedge's effectiveness.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
The following table provides the total impact on other comprehensive income and earnings relating to the derivative instruments formally designated as cash flow hedges along with the impact of the related hedged items for the year ended December 31, 2012:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and related hedged item: | Location of the effective portion recognized in other comprehensive (loss) recognized in income | Location of the effective portion subsequently reclassified to earnings and the ineffective portion excluded from effectiveness testing | Amount of effective portion recognized in other comprehensive income | Amount of effective portion subsequently reclassified to earnings | Amount of ineffective portion excluded from effectiveness testing | |||||||||||
Interest rate swap contracts | Other comprehensive income | Finance expenses | $ | 1,588 | $ | (1,588 | ) | $ | — | |||||||
There was no interest rate swap contract activity for the year ended December 31, 2011.
11. Premiums receivable
Premiums receivable are composed of premiums in the course of collection, net of commissions and brokerage, and premiums accrued but unbilled, net of commissions and brokerage. The following is a breakdown of the components of premiums receivable at December 31, 2012 and 2011:
Premiums in course of collection | Premiums accrued but unbilled | Total | |||||||||
Balance as at December 31, 2011 | $ | 175,111 | $ | 471,243 | $ | 646,354 | |||||
Change during 2012 | 39,780 | 116,025 | 155,805 | ||||||||
Balance as at December 31, 2012 | $ | 214,891 | $ | 587,268 | $ | 802,159 | |||||
Balance as at December 31, 2010 | $ | 118,342 | $ | 450,419 | $ | 568,761 | |||||
Change during 2011 | 56,769 | 20,824 | 77,593 | ||||||||
Balance as at December 31, 2011 | $ | 175,111 | $ | 471,243 | $ | 646,354 | |||||
12. Reserve for losses and loss expenses
Reserves for losses and loss expenses are based in part upon the estimation of case losses reported from brokers, insureds and ceding companies. The Company also uses statistical and actuarial methods to estimate ultimate expected losses and loss expenses. The period of time from the occurrence of a loss, the reporting of a loss to the Company and the settlement of the Company’s liability may be several months or years. During this period, additional facts and trends may be revealed. As these factors become apparent, case reserves will be adjusted, sometimes requiring an increase or decrease in the overall reserves of the Company, and at other times requiring a reallocation of incurred but not reported reserves to specific case reserves. These estimates are reviewed and adjusted regularly, and such adjustments, if any, are reflected in earnings in the period in which they become known. While management believes that it has made a reasonable estimate of ultimate losses, there can be no assurances that ultimate losses and loss expenses will not exceed the total reserves.
The following table represents an analysis of paid and unpaid losses and loss expenses incurred and a reconciliation of the beginning and ending unpaid losses and loss expenses for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010:
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Years Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Reserve for losses and loss expenses, beginning of year | $ | 2,631,143 | $ | 2,035,973 | $ | 1,622,134 | |||||
Losses and loss expenses recoverable | (372,485 | ) | (283,134 | ) | (181,765 | ) | |||||
Net reserves for losses and loss expenses, beginning of year | 2,258,658 | 1,752,839 | 1,440,369 | ||||||||
Net loss reserves acquired in Flagstone acquisition | 639,641 | — | — | ||||||||
Increase (decrease) in net losses and loss expenses incurred in respect of losses occurring in: | |||||||||||
Current year | 1,174,415 | 1,400,520 | 1,144,196 | ||||||||
Prior years | (174,969 | ) | (156,119 | ) | (156,610 | ) | |||||
Total incurred losses and loss expenses | 999,446 | 1,244,401 | 987,586 | ||||||||
Less net losses and loss expenses paid in respect of losses occurring in: | |||||||||||
Current year | (182,146 | ) | (266,247 | ) | (288,594 | ) | |||||
Prior years | (653,874 | ) | (476,779 | ) | (384,828 | ) | |||||
Total net paid losses | (836,020 | ) | (743,026 | ) | (673,422 | ) | |||||
Foreign exchange | 15,881 | 4,444 | (1,694 | ) | |||||||
Net reserve for losses and loss expenses, end of year | 3,077,606 | 2,258,658 | 1,752,839 | ||||||||
Losses and loss expenses recoverable | 439,967 | 372,485 | 283,134 | ||||||||
Reserve for losses and loss expenses, end of year | $ | 3,517,573 | $ | 2,631,143 | $ | 2,035,973 | |||||
Incurred losses and loss expenses comprise:
Years Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Gross losses and loss expenses | $ | 1,192,494 | $ | 1,555,275 | $ | 1,411,192 | |||||
Reinsurance recoverable | (193,048 | ) | (310,874 | ) | (423,606 | ) | |||||
Net incurred losses and loss expenses | $ | 999,446 | $ | 1,244,401 | $ | 987,586 | |||||
The December 31, 2012 and 2011 gross reserves balance comprises reserves for reported claims of $1,719,098 and $1,414,442, respectively, and reserves for claims incurred but not reported of $1,798,475 and $1,216,701, respectively. The net favorable development on prior years by segment and line of business is as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||
Property | Marine | Specialty | Total | ||||||||||||
Validus Re | $ | (45,733 | ) | $ | (11,298 | ) | $ | (15,530 | ) | $ | (72,561 | ) | |||
Talbot | (26,263 | ) | (40,060 | ) | (36,085 | ) | (102,408 | ) | |||||||
Net favorable development | $ | (71,996 | ) | $ | (51,358 | ) | $ | (51,615 | ) | $ | (174,969 | ) | |||
(a) AlphaCat does not have any development on prior accident years.
The amount recorded represents management’s best estimate of expected losses and loss expenses on premiums earned. Favorable loss development on prior years totaled $174,969. For Validus Re, the property lines experienced favorable development of $45,733 primarily due to a reduction in the loss estimates on large loss events and favorable development on attritional losses and various smaller loss events. The marine lines experienced favorable development of $11,298 primarily due to favorable development on large loss events and attritional losses and various smaller loss events. The specialty lines experienced favorable development of $15,530 primarily due to favorable development on attritional losses partially offset by adverse development on large loss events. For Talbot, the property lines experienced $26,263 of favorable development primarily due to lower than expected claims development on large losses and catastrophe events as well as favorable development on attritional losses. The marine lines
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
experienced $40,060 of favorable development primarily due to favorable development on attritional losses. The specialty lines experienced $36,085 of favorable development primarily due to lower than expected development on large losses and catastrophe events as well as favorable development on attritional losses.
Year Ended December 31, 2011 | |||||||||||||||
Property | Marine | Specialty | Total | ||||||||||||
Validus Re | $ | (49,020 | ) | $ | (10,234 | ) | $ | (9,356 | ) | $ | (68,610 | ) | |||
Talbot | (22,169 | ) | (31,382 | ) | (33,958 | ) | (87,509 | ) | |||||||
Net favorable development | $ | (71,189 | ) | $ | (41,616 | ) | $ | (43,314 | ) | $ | (156,119 | ) | |||
(a) AlphaCat does not have any development on prior accident years.
The amount recorded represents management’s best estimate of expected losses and loss expenses on premiums earned. Favorable loss development on prior years totaled $156,119. For Validus Re, the property lines experienced favorable development of $49,020 primarily due to a reduction in the loss estimates on large loss events and favorable development on attritional losses and various smaller loss events. The marine lines experienced favorable development of $10,234 primarily due to favorable development on large loss events and attritional losses and various smaller loss events. The specialty lines experienced favorable development of $9,356 primarily due to favorable development on attritional losses partially offset by adverse development on large loss events. For Talbot, the property lines experienced $22,169 of favorable development primarily due to lower than expected claims development on large losses and catastrophe events as well as favorable development on attritional losses. The marine lines experienced $31,382 of favorable development primarily due to favorable development on attritional losses. The specialty lines experienced $33,958 of favorable development primarily due to lower than expected development on large losses and catastrophe events as well as favorable development on attritional losses.
Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||
Property | Marine | Specialty | Total | ||||||||||||
Validus Re | $ | (49,831 | ) | $ | (17,616 | ) | $ | (3,170 | ) | $ | (70,617 | ) | |||
Talbot | (22,450 | ) | (52,415 | ) | (11,128 | ) | (85,993 | ) | |||||||
Net favorable development (a) | $ | (72,281 | ) | $ | (70,031 | ) | $ | (14,298 | ) | $ | (156,610 | ) | |||
(a) AlphaCat has not incurred any losses in 2010 and therefore does not have any development on prior accident years.
The amount recorded represents management’s best estimate of expected losses and loss expenses on premiums earned. Favorable loss development on prior years totaled $156,610. For Validus Re, the property and specialty lines experienced favorable development of $49,831 and $3,170, respectively, primarily due to lower than expected claims development. The marine lines experienced $17,616 of favorable development primarily due to higher than expected recoveries associated with the 2007 California wildfires, as well as lower than expected claims development. For Talbot, the property lines experienced $22,450 of favorable development primarily due to lower than expected claims development on the property facultative and binder lines, together with favorable development on hurricanes Katrina and Ike. The marine lines experienced $52,415 of favorable development primarily due to lower than expected attritional loss development across a number of lines, in particular on the hull and energy lines. The specialty lines experienced $11,128 of favorable development primarily due to lower than expected claims across most of the specialty sub-classes, partially offset by one notable loss on the financial institutions lines.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
13. Accounts payable and accrued expenses
The following are the components of accounts payable and accrued expenses:
Years Ended | |||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | ||||||
Accrued interest on debt | $ | 10,662 | $ | 10,454 | |||
Amounts due to brokers | 3,628 | 18,996 | |||||
Trade and compensation payables | 153,287 | 53,952 | |||||
Total | $ | 167,577 | $ | 83,402 | |||
14. Reinsurance
The Company enters into reinsurance and retrocession agreements in order to mitigate its accumulation of loss, reduce its liability on individual risks, enable it to underwrite policies with higher limits and increase its aggregate capacity. The cession of insurance and reinsurance does not legally discharge the Company from its primary liability for the full amount of the policies, and the Company is required to pay the loss and bear collection risk if the reinsurer fails to meet its obligations under the reinsurance or retrocession agreement. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the underlying liabilities.
(a) | Effects of reinsurance on premiums written and earned |
The effects of reinsurance on premiums written and earned for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Validus Re | AlphaCat | Talbot | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written | Earned | Written | Earned | Written | Earned | Elimination | Written | Earned | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct | $ | 1,551 | $ | 364 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 548,940 | $ | 535,508 | $ | — | $ | 550,491 | $ | 535,872 | |||||||||||||||||
Assumed | 1,130,408 | 1,174,681 | 21,603 | 17,666 | 529,696 | 529,544 | (65,758 | ) | 1,615,949 | 1,721,891 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ceded | (144,578 | ) | (151,774 | ) | — | — | (228,686 | ) | (232,773 | ) | 65,758 | (307,506 | ) | (384,547 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 987,381 | $ | 1,023,271 | $ | 21,603 | $ | 17,666 | $ | 849,950 | $ | 832,279 | $ | — | $ | 1,858,934 | $ | 1,873,216 | |||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Validus Re | AlphaCat | Talbot | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written | Earned | Written | Earned | Written | Earned | Elimination | Written | Earned | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 510,200 | $ | 480,432 | $ | — | $ | 510,200 | $ | 480,432 | |||||||||||||||||
Assumed | 1,114,493 | 1,092,951 | 75,727 | 65,966 | 503,922 | 507,383 | (79,651 | ) | 1,614,491 | 1,666,300 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ceded | (150,718 | ) | (127,026 | ) | — | — | (218,174 | ) | (217,563 | ) | 79,651 | (289,241 | ) | (344,589 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 963,775 | $ | 965,925 | $ | 75,727 | $ | 65,966 | $ | 795,948 | $ | 770,252 | $ | — | $ | 1,835,450 | $ | 1,802,143 | |||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Validus Re | AlphaCat | Talbot | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written | Earned | Written | Earned | Written | Earned | Elimination | Written | Earned | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 460,337 | $ | 450,348 | $ | — | $ | 460,337 | $ | 450,348 | |||||||||||||||||
Assumed | 1,089,443 | 1,116,167 | 11,796 | 11,082 | 520,736 | 503,021 | (91,746 | ) | 1,530,229 | 1,630,270 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ceded | (63,147 | ) | (76,049 | ) | — | — | (258,081 | ) | (243,446 | ) | 91,746 | (229,482 | ) | (319,495 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,026,296 | $ | 1,040,118 | $ | 11,796 | $ | 11,082 | $ | 722,992 | $ | 709,923 | $ | — | $ | 1,761,084 | $ | 1,761,123 | |||||||||||||||||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
(b) | Credit risk |
The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and monitors concentration of credit risk arising from its exposure to individual reinsurers. The reinsurance program is generally placed with reinsurers whose rating, at the time of placement, was A- or better rated by Standard & Poor’s or the equivalent with other rating agencies. Exposure to a single reinsurer is also controlled with restrictions dependent on rating. At December 31, 2012, 97.9% of reinsurance recoverables (which includes loss reserves recoverable and recoverables on paid losses) were from reinsurers rated A- or better and included $185,255 of IBNR recoverable (December 31, 2011: $125,298). Reinsurance recoverables by reinsurer are as follows:
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||
Reinsurance Recoverable | % of Total | Reinsurance Recoverable | % of Total | ||||||||||
Top 10 reinsurers | $ | 360,234 | 74.1 | % | $ | 323,315 | 69.8 | % | |||||
Other reinsurers’ balances > $1 million | 115,262 | 23.7 | % | 132,417 | 28.6 | % | |||||||
Other reinsurers’ balances < $1 million | 10,906 | 2.2 | % | 7,248 | 1.6 | % | |||||||
Total | $ | 486,402 | 100.0 | % | $ | 462,980 | 100.0 | % | |||||
December 31, 2012 | |||||||||
Top 10 Reinsurers | Rating | Reinsurance Recoverable | % of Total | ||||||
Lloyd’s Syndicates | A+ | $ | 71,469 | 19.9 | % | ||||
National Indemnity | AA+ | 59,941 | 16.6 | % | |||||
Everest Re | A+ | 51,340 | 14.3 | % | |||||
Fully Collateralized | NR | 47,445 | 13.2 | % | |||||
Hannover Re | AA- | 40,552 | 11.3 | % | |||||
Munich Re | AA- | 20,954 | 5.8 | % | |||||
Transatlantic Re | A+ | 20,320 | 5.6 | % | |||||
Swiss Re | AA- | 16,992 | 4.7 | % | |||||
Allianz | AA- | 16,367 | 4.5 | % | |||||
XL Re | A | 14,854 | 4.1 | % | |||||
Total | $ | 360,234 | 100.0 | % | |||||
December 31, 2011 | |||||||||
Top 10 Reinsurers | Rating | Reinsurance Recoverable | % of Total | ||||||
Lloyd’s Syndicates | A+ | $ | 77,419 | 24.0 | % | ||||
Allianz | AA- | 59,764 | 18.5 | % | |||||
Hannover Re | AA- | 39,762 | 12.3 | % | |||||
Everest Re | A+ | 38,618 | 11.9 | % | |||||
Transatlantic Re | A+ | 21,344 | 6.6 | % | |||||
Tokio Millenium Re Ltd. | AA- | 20,432 | 6.3 | % | |||||
Fully Collateralized | NR | 18,140 | 5.6 | % | |||||
Odyssey Reinsurance Company | A- | 16,737 | 5.2 | % | |||||
Platinum Underwriters | A | 15,833 | 4.9 | % | |||||
Munich Re | AA- | 15,266 | 4.7 | % | |||||
Total | $ | 323,315 | 100.0 | % | |||||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
At December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the provision for uncollectible reinsurance relating to losses recoverable was $6,602 and $6,821, respectively. To estimate the provision for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable, the reinsurance recoverable is first allocated to applicable reinsurers. This determination is based on a process rather than an estimate, although an element of judgment is applied. As part of this process, ceded IBNR is allocated by reinsurer. Of the $486,402 reinsurance recoverable at December 31, 2012 (December 31, 2011: $462,980), $47,445 was fully collateralized (December 31, 2011: $18,140).
The Company uses a default analysis to estimate uncollectible reinsurance. The primary components of the default analysis are reinsurance recoverable balances by reinsurer and default factors used to determine the portion of a reinsurer’s balance deemed to be uncollectible. Default factors require considerable judgment and are determined using the current rating, or rating equivalent, of each reinsurer as well as other key considerations and assumptions.
15. Share capital
(a) | Authorized and issued |
The Company’s authorized share capital is 571,428,571 voting and non-voting shares with a par value of $0.175 per share. The holders of voting and non-voting common shares are entitled to receive dividends. Holders of voting common shares are allocated one vote per share, provided that, if the controlled shares of any shareholder or group of related shareholders constitute more than 9.09 percent of the outstanding common shares of the Company, their voting power will be reduced to 9.09 percent.
On September 4, 2009, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of IPC from a group of institutional and other investors. Pursuant to the Amalgamation Agreement, the Company acquired all of IPC’s outstanding common shares in exchange for the Company’s common shares and cash. The Company issued 54,556,762 common shares (and 21,506 restricted share awards) valued at $24.10 per share as partial consideration for the acquisition.
The Company may from time to time repurchase its securities, including common shares, Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes and Senior Notes. In November 2009, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized an initial $400,000 share repurchase program. On February 17, 2010, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the Company to return up to $750,000 to shareholders. This amount was in addition to, and in excess of, the $135,494 of common shares purchased by the Company through February 17, 2010 under its previously authorized $400,000 share repurchase program. On May 6, 2010, the Board of Directors authorized a self tender offer pursuant to which the Company repurchased $300,000 in common shares. On November 4, 2010, the Board of Directors authorized a self tender offer pursuant to which the Company repurchased $238,362 in common shares. In addition, the Board of Directors authorized separate repurchase agreements with funds affiliated with or managed by each of Aquiline Capital Partners LLC, New Mountain Capital LLC, and Vestar Capital Partners pursuant to which the Company repurchased $61,638 in common shares. On December 20, 2010, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to return up to an additional $400,000 to shareholders. This amount is in addition to the $929,173 of common shares purchased by the Company through December 23, 2010 under its previously authorized share repurchase program.
On June 5, 2012, the Company announced the final results of its “modified Dutch auction” tender offer. Pursuant to this tender offer the Company purchased 6,383,884 of its common shares at a price of $32.00 per common share for a total cost of $204,284, excluding fees and expenses relating to the tender offer. The Company funded the purchase of the shares in the tender offer using cash on hand.
On November 30, 2012, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Flagstone from a group of institutional and other investors. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company acquired all of Flagstone's outstanding common shares in exchange for the Company's common shares and cash. The Company issued 14,202,664 common shares, net of 87,725 shares withheld for income taxes, valued at $34.87 per share as partial consideration for the acquisition. In addition, 1,638,875 common shares recorded in treasury are owned by Validus UPS, Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Validus Holdings, Ltd. As part of the Flagstone Acquisition, warrants to acquire Flagstone shares were converted into 121,942 warrants to acquire the Company's common shares. In accordance with the merger agreement, these warrants have a $62.02 strike price and expire on December 31, 2013.
The Company has repurchased approximately 43,138,057 common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $1,206,845 from the inception of its share repurchase program to December 31, 2012. The Company had $122,328 remaining under its authorized share repurchase program as of December 31, 2012.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
The Company expects the purchases under its share repurchase program to be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing, form and amount of the share repurchases under the program will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, the Company’s capital position relative to internal and rating agency targets, legal requirements and other factors. The repurchase program may be modified, extended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time.
The following table is a summary of the common shares issued and outstanding:
Common Shares | ||
Common shares issued, December 31, 2011 | 134,503,065 | |
Restricted share awards vested, net of shares withheld | 1,572,634 | |
Restricted share units vested, net of shares withheld | 15,173 | |
Options exercised | 439,065 | |
Warrants exercised | 326,715 | |
Direct issuance of common stock | 15,841,539 | |
Common shares issued, December 31, 2012 | 152,698,191 | |
Treasury shares, December 31, 2012 | (44,776,932 | ) |
Common shares outstanding, December 31, 2012 | 107,921,259 | |
Common Shares | ||
Common shares issued, December 31, 2010 | 132,838,111 | |
Restricted share awards vested, net of shares withheld | 569,104 | |
Restricted share units vested, net of shares withheld | 9,497 | |
Employee seller shares vested | 197,174 | |
Options exercised | 459,932 | |
Warrants exercised | 428,884 | |
Direct issuance of common stock | 363 | |
Common shares issued, December 31, 2011 | 134,503,065 | |
Treasury shares, December 31, 2011 | (35,031,985 | ) |
Common shares outstanding, December 31, 2011 | 99,471,080 | |
Common Shares | ||
Common shares issued, December 31, 2009 | 131,616,349 | |
Restricted share awards vested, net of shares withheld | 405,055 | |
Restricted share units vested, net of shares withheld | 57,192 | |
Employee seller shares vested | 203,544 | |
Options exercised | 550,014 | |
Warrants exercised | 5,957 | |
Common shares issued, December 31, 2010 | 132,838,111 | |
Treasury shares, December 31, 2010 | (34,836,885 | ) |
Common shares outstanding, December 31, 2010 | 98,001,226 | |
(b) | Warrants |
The Company had outstanding as at December 31, 2012 warrants to purchase, in the aggregate, up to 6,410,472 (December 31, 2011: 6,916,678) common shares. As at December 31, 2011, 1,726,011 of the warrants are to purchase non-voting common shares. There were no non-voting warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2012.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
The warrants may be settled using either the physical settlement or net-share settlement methods. The warrants have been classified as equity instruments, in accordance with U.S. GAAP guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging, Contracts in Entity’s own Equity.” The warrants were measured at fair value and recorded in additional paid-in capital.
The fair value of each warrant issued was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The volatility assumption used, of approximately 30.0%, was derived from the historical volatility of the share price of a range of publicly-traded Bermuda reinsurance companies of a similar business nature to the Company. No allowance was made for any potential illiquidity associated with the private trading of the Company’s shares. The other assumptions in the warrant-pricing model were as follows:
July 24, 2007 Issuance | February 3, 2006 Issuance | December 15, 2005 Issuance | |||||||||
Warrants issued | 256,409 | 8,593 | 8,446,727 | ||||||||
Average strike price | $ | 20.00 | $ | 17.50 | $ | 17.50 | |||||
Volatility | 30.0 | % | 30.0 | % | 30.0 | % | |||||
Risk-free rate | 4.5 | % | 4.5 | % | 4.5 | % | |||||
Expected dividend yield | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | |||||
Expected term (years) | 8 | 10 | 10 | ||||||||
Calculated fair value per warrant | $ | 11.28 | $ | 8.89 | $ | 8.89 | |||||
No further warrants are anticipated to be issued. The holder of the warrant is entitled to exercise the warrant in whole or in part at any time until the expiration date.
During the year ended December 31, 2012, 628,147 warrants were exercised which resulted in the issuance of 326,715 common shares. During the year ended December 31, 2011, 1,018,184 warrants were exercised which resulted in the issuance of 428,884 common shares.
(c) | Deferred share units |
Under the terms of the Company’s Director Stock Compensation Plan, non-management directors may elect to receive their director fees in deferred share units rather than cash. The number of share units distributed in case of election under the plan is equal to the amount of the annual retainer fee otherwise payable to the director on such payment date divided by 100% of the fair market value of a share on such payment date. Additional deferred share units are issued in lieu of dividends that accrue on these deferred share units. The total outstanding deferred share units at December 31, 2012 were 5,001 (December 31, 2011: 4,850).
(d) | Dividends |
On February 9, 2012, the Company announced a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 (2011: $0.25) per common share and $0.25 per common share equivalent for which each outstanding warrant is exercisable. This dividend was paid on March 30, 2012 to holders of record on March 15, 2012.
On May 2, 2012, the Company announced a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 (2011: $0.25) per common share and $0.25 per common share equivalent for which each outstanding warrant is exercisable. This dividend was paid on June 29, 2012 to holders of record on June 15, 2012.
On July 25, 2012, the Company announced a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 (2011: $0.25) per common share and $0.25 per common share equivalent for which each outstanding warrant is exercisable. This dividend was paid on September 28, 2012 to holders of record on September 14, 2012.
On November 1, 2012, the Company announced a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 (2011: $0.25) per common share and $0.25 per common share equivalent for which each outstanding warrant is exercisable. This dividend was paid on December 28, 2012 to holders of record on December 14, 2012.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
16. Retirement plans
The Company provides pension benefits to eligible employees through various plans which are managed externally and sponsored by the Company. The Company’s contributions are expensed as incurred. The Company’s expenses for its defined contribution retirement plans for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were $9,233, $7,591 and $7,564, respectively.
Defined Benefit Plan
The Company assumed the defined benefit plan as the result of the Flagstone Acquisition. Under Swiss pension law, the Company is required to maintain a pension plan for its employees in Switzerland, which is classified and accounted for as a defined benefit plan. As at December 31, 2012, the net unfunded status at the end of the year was $1,033 and was included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of plan assets as at December 31, 2012 was $5,252.
17. Stock plans
Stock plans
(a) | Long Term Incentive Plan and Short Term Incentive Plan |
The Company’s Amended and Restated 2005 Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) provides for grants to employees of options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted shares, restricted share units, performance shares, dividend equivalents or other share-based awards. In addition, the Company may issue restricted share awards or restricted share units in connection with awards issued under its annual Short Term Incentive Plan (“STIP”). The total number of shares reserved for issuance under the LTIP and STIP are 13,126,896 shares of which 3,128,443 shares are remaining. The LTIP and STIP are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. No SARs have been granted to date. Grant prices are established at the fair market value of the Company’s common shares at the date of grant.
i. | Options |
Options may be exercised for voting common shares upon vesting. Options have a life of 10 years and vest either ratably or at the end of the required service period from the date of grant. Fair value of the option awards at the date of grant is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
Expected volatility is based on stock price volatility of comparable publicly-traded companies. The Company used the simplified method consistent with U.S. GAAP authoritative guidance on stock compensation expenses to estimate expected lives for options granted during the period as historical exercise data was not available and the options met the requirement as set out in the guidance.
The Company has not granted any stock options awards since September 4, 2009.
Share compensation expenses in respect of options of $142 were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2012 (2011:$1,770, 2010: $3,845). The expenses represent the proportionate accrual of the fair value of each grant based on the remaining vesting period.
Activity with respect to options for the year ended December 31, 2012 was as follows:
Options | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | Weighted Average Grant Date Exercise Price | ||||||||
Options outstanding, December 31, 2011 | 2,263,012 | $ | 6.69 | $ | 20.12 | |||||
Options granted | — | — | — | |||||||
Options exercised | (439,065 | ) | 7.44 | 17.73 | ||||||
Options forfeited | — | — | — | |||||||
Options outstanding, December 31, 2012 | 1,823,947 | $ | 6.52 | $ | 20.69 | |||||
Options exercisable at December 31, 2012 | 1,823,947 | $ | 6.52 | $ | 20.69 | |||||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Activity with respect to options for the year ended December 31, 2011 was as follows:
Options | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | Weighted Average Grant Date Exercise Price | ||||||||
Options outstanding, December 31, 2010 | 2,723,684 | $ | 6.74 | $ | 20.19 | |||||
Options granted | — | — | — | |||||||
Options exercised | (459,932 | ) | 6.98 | 20.55 | ||||||
Options forfeited | (740 | ) | 10.30 | 20.39 | ||||||
Options outstanding, December 31, 2011 | 2,263,012 | $ | 6.69 | $ | 20.12 | |||||
Options exercisable at December 31, 2011 | 2,188,566 | $ | 6.63 | $ | 20.01 | |||||
Activity with respect to options for the year ended December 31, 2010 was as follows:
Options | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | Weighted Average Grant Date Exercise Price | ||||||||
Options outstanding, December 31, 2009 | 3,278,015 | $ | 6.83 | $ | 19.88 | |||||
Options granted | — | — | — | |||||||
Options exercised | (550,014 | ) | 7.22 | 18.32 | ||||||
Options forfeited | (4,317 | ) | 10.30 | 20.39 | ||||||
Options outstanding, December 31, 2010 | 2,723,684 | $ | 6.74 | $ | 20.19 | |||||
Options exercisable at December 31, 2010 | 2,505,905 | $ | 6.61 | $ | 20.07 | |||||
At December 31, 2012, there were $nil (December 31, 2011: $141; December 31, 2010: $851) of total unrecognized share compensation expenses in respect of options that are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.0 years (December 31, 2011: 0.2 years; December 31, 2010: 1.2 years).
ii. | Restricted share awards |
Restricted shares granted under the LTIP and STIP vest either ratably or at the end of the required service period and contain certain restrictions during the vesting period, relating to, among other things, forfeiture in the event of termination of employment and transferability. Share compensation expenses of $25,145 were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2012 (2011: $27,428; 2010: $20,038). The expenses represent the proportionate accrual of the fair value of each grant based on the remaining vesting period.
Activity with respect to unvested restricted share awards for the year ended December 31, 2012 was as follows:
Restricted Share Awards | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
Restricted share awards outstanding, December 31, 2011 | 3,003,547 | $ | 25.77 | |||
Restricted share awards granted | 921,506 | 31.47 | ||||
Restricted share awards vested | (1,719,855 | ) | 24.40 | |||
Restricted share awards forfeited | (34,651 | ) | 27.85 | |||
Restricted share awards outstanding, December 31, 2012 | 2,170,547 | $ | 29.24 | |||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Activity with respect to unvested restricted share awards for the year ended December 31, 2011 was as follows:
Restricted Share Awards | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
Restricted share awards outstanding, December 31, 2010 | 3,114,039 | $ | 24.33 | |||
Restricted share awards granted | 621,254 | 31.92 | ||||
Restricted share awards vested | (712,692 | ) | 24.85 | |||
Restricted share awards forfeited | (19,054 | ) | 26.63 | |||
Restricted share awards outstanding, December 31, 2011 | 3,003,547 | $ | 25.77 | |||
Activity with respect to unvested restricted share awards for the year ended December 31, 2010 was as follows:
Restricted Share Awards | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
Restricted share awards outstanding, December 31, 2009 | 2,525,958 | $ | 23.39 | |||
Restricted share awards granted | 1,191,873 | 25.94 | ||||
Restricted share awards vested | (503,322 | ) | 23.43 | |||
Restricted share awards forfeited | (100,470 | ) | 24.22 | |||
Restricted share awards outstanding, December 31, 2010 | 3,114,039 | $ | 24.33 | |||
At December 31, 2012, there were $43,952 (December 31, 2011: $40,809; December 31, 2010: $44,290) of total unrecognized share compensation expenses in respect of restricted share awards that are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.6 years (December 31, 2011: 2.4 years; December 31, 2010: 2.5 years).
iii. | Restricted share units |
Restricted share units under the LTIP and STIP vest either ratably or at the end of the required service period and contain certain restrictions during the vesting period, relating to, among other things, forfeiture in the event of termination of employment and transferability. Share compensation expenses of $499 were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2012 (2011: $456; 2010: $393). The expenses represent the proportionate accrual of the fair value of each grant based on the remaining vesting period.
Activity with respect to unvested restricted share units for the year ended December 31, 2012 was as follows:
Restricted Share Units | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
Restricted share units outstanding, December 31, 2011 | 53,312 | $ | 27.60 | |||
Restricted share units granted | 16,633 | 31.77 | ||||
Restricted share units vested | (22,818 | ) | 26.49 | |||
Restricted share units issued in lieu of cash dividends | 1,504 | 28.66 | ||||
Restricted share units forfeited | (1,393 | ) | 28.57 | |||
Restricted share units outstanding, December 31, 2012 | 47,238 | $ | 29.61 | |||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Activity with respect to unvested restricted share units for the year ended December 31, 2011 was as follows:
Restricted Share Units | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
Restricted share units outstanding, December 31, 2010 | 47,049 | $ | 25.04 | |||
Restricted share units granted | 18,388 | 32.10 | ||||
Restricted share units vested | (13,340 | ) | 24.72 | |||
Restricted share units issued in lieu of cash dividends | 1,215 | 27.30 | ||||
Restricted share units forfeited | — | — | ||||
Restricted share units outstanding, December 31, 2011 | 53,312 | $ | 27.60 | |||
Activity with respect to unvested restricted share units for the year ended December 31, 2010 was as follows:
Restricted Share Units | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
Restricted share units outstanding, December 31, 2009 | 79,447 | $ | 19.02 | |||
Restricted share units granted | 26,782 | 25.65 | ||||
Restricted share units vested | (59,193 | ) | 17.31 | |||
Restricted share units issued in lieu of cash dividends | 1,107 | 25.45 | ||||
Restricted share units forfeited | (1,094 | ) | 21.49 | |||
Restricted share units outstanding, December 31, 2010 | 47,049 | $ | 25.04 | |||
At December 31, 2012, there were $978 (December 31, 2011: $985; December 31, 2010: $809) of total unrecognized share compensation expenses in respect of restricted share units that are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.6 years (December 31, 2011: 2.7 years; December 31, 2010: 2.7 years).
iv. | Performance share awards |
The Performance Share Awards (“PSAs”) contain a performance based component. The performance component relates to the compounded growth in the Dividend Adjusted Diluted Book Value per Share over a three year period. For PSAs granted during the period, the grant date Diluted Book Value per Share (“DBVPS”) is based on the DBVPS at the end of the most recent financial reporting year. The Dividend Adjusted Performance Period End DBVPS will be the DBVPS three years after the grant date DBVPS. The fair value estimate earns over the requisite attribution period and the estimate will be reassessed at the end of each performance period which will reflect any adjustments in the consolidated statements of income in the period in which they are determined.
Share compensation expenses of $923 for the year ended December 31, 2012 (2011: $2,349; 2010: $232). The expenses represent the proportionate accrual of the fair value of each grant based on the remaining vesting period.
Activity with respect to unvested performance share awards for the year ended December 31, 2012 was as follows:
Performance Share Awards | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
Performance share awards outstanding, December 31, 2011 | 279,019 | $ | 30.77 | |||
Performance share awards granted | 41,128 | 31.38 | ||||
Performance share awards vested | — | — | ||||
Performance share awards cancelled | (99,302 | ) | 28.70 | |||
Performance share awards outstanding, December 31, 2012 | 220,845 | $ | 31.81 | |||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Activity with respect to unvested performance share awards for the year ended December 31, 2011 was as follows:
Performance Share Awards | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
Performance share awards outstanding, December 31, 2010 | 132,401 | $ | 28.70 | |||
Performance share awards granted | 146,618 | 32.64 | ||||
Performance share awards vested | — | — | ||||
Performance share awards forfeited | — | — | ||||
Performance share awards outstanding, December 31, 2011 | 279,019 | $ | 30.77 | |||
Activity with respect to unvested performance share awards for the year ended December 31, 2010 was as follows:
Performance Share Awards | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
Performance share awards outstanding, December 31, 2009 | — | $ | — | |||
Performance share awards granted | 132,401 | 28.70 | ||||
Performance share awards vested | — | — | ||||
Performance share awards forfeited | — | — | ||||
Performance share awards outstanding, December 31, 2010 | 132,401 | $ | 28.70 | |||
At December 31, 2012, there were $3,328 (December 31, 2011: $5,677; December 31, 2010: $3,375) of total unrecognized share compensation expenses in respect of PSAs that are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years (December 31, 2011: 2.1 years; December 31, 2010: 2.4 years).
(b) | Employee seller shares |
Pursuant to the Share Sale Agreement for the purchase of Talbot Holdings, Ltd. (“Talbot”), the Company issued 1,209,741 restricted shares to Talbot employees (the “employee seller shares”). Upon consummation of the acquisition, the employee seller shares were validly issued, fully-paid and non-assessable and entitled to vote and participate in distributions and dividends in accordance with the Company’s Bye-laws. However, the employee seller shares were subject to a restricted period during which they were subject to forfeiture (as implemented by repurchase by the Company for a nominal amount). Forfeiture of employee seller shares would have generally occurred in the event that any such Talbot employee’s employment terminated, with certain exceptions, prior to the end of the restricted period. The restricted period ended for 25% of the employee seller shares on each anniversary of the closing date of July 2, 2007 for all Talbot employees other than Talbot’s Chairman, such that on July 2, 2011 the potential for forfeiture was completely extinguished.
As of July 2, 2011, the employee seller shares were fully expensed. Share compensation expenses of $nil were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2012 (2011: $2,293; 2010: $4,403). The expenses represent the proportionate accrual of the fair value of each grant based on the remaining vesting period.
Activity with respect to unvested employee seller shares for the year ended December 31, 2011 was as follows:
Employee Seller Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
Employee seller shares outstanding, December 31, 2010 | 197,879 | $ | 22.01 | |||
Employee seller shares granted | — | — | ||||
Employee seller shares vested | (197,174 | ) | 22.01 | |||
Employee seller shares forfeited | (705 | ) | 22.01 | |||
Employee seller shares outstanding, December 31, 2011 | — | $ | — | |||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Activity with respect to unvested employee seller shares for the year ended December 31, 2010 was as follows:
Employee Seller Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
Employee seller shares outstanding, December 31, 2009 | 410,667 | $ | 22.01 | |||
Employee seller shares granted | — | — | ||||
Employee seller shares vested | (203,544 | ) | 22.01 | |||
Employee seller shares forfeited | (9,244 | ) | 22.01 | |||
Employee seller shares outstanding, December 31, 2010 | 197,879 | $ | 22.01 | |||
At December 31, 2012 and 2011, there were total unrecognized share compensation expenses of $nil in respect of employee seller shares. At December 31, 2010, there were $2,141 of total unrecognized share compensation expenses that were expected to be recognized in respect of employee seller shares over a weighted average period of 0.5 years.
(c) | Total share compensation expenses |
The breakdown of share compensation expenses by award type for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is as follows:
Years Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Options | $ | 142 | $ | 1,770 | $ | 3,845 | |||||
Restricted share awards | 25,145 | 27,428 | 20,038 | ||||||||
Restricted share units | 499 | 456 | 393 | ||||||||
Performance share awards | 923 | 2,349 | 232 | ||||||||
Employee seller shares | — | 2,293 | 4,403 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 26,709 | $ | 34,296 | $ | 28,911 | |||||
18. Debt and financing arrangements
(a) | Financing structure and finance expenses |
The financing structure at December 31, 2012 was:
Commitment | Outstanding(a) | Drawn | |||||||||
2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | $ | 150,000 | $ | 150,000 | $ | 150,000 | |||||
2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | 200,000 | 139,800 | 139,800 | ||||||||
2010 Senior Notes due 2040 | 250,000 | 250,000 | 247,090 | ||||||||
$400,000 syndicated unsecured letter of credit facility | 400,000 | — | — | ||||||||
$525,000 syndicated secured letter of credit facility | 525,000 | 376,570 | — | ||||||||
$500,000 secured bi-lateral letter of credit facility | 500,000 | 92,402 | — | ||||||||
Talbot FAL Facility (b) | 25,000 | 25,000 | — | ||||||||
PaCRe senior secured letter of credit facility | 10,000 | 219 | — | ||||||||
IPC Bi-Lateral Facility | 80,000 | 40,613 | — | ||||||||
$550,000 Flagstone Bi-Lateral Facility | 550,000 | 381,019 | — | ||||||||
Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | 137,159 | 137,159 | 137,159 | ||||||||
Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | 113,750 | 113,750 | 113,750 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 2,940,909 | $ | 1,706,532 | $ | 787,799 | |||||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
The financing structure at December 31, 2011 was:
Commitment | Outstanding(a) | Drawn | |||||||||
2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | $ | 150,000 | $ | 150,000 | $ | 150,000 | |||||
2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | 200,000 | 139,800 | 139,800 | ||||||||
2010 Senior Notes due 2040 | 250,000 | 250,000 | 246,982 | ||||||||
$340,000 syndicated unsecured letter of credit facility | 340,000 | — | — | ||||||||
$60,000 bilateral unsecured letter of credit facility | 60,000 | — | — | ||||||||
$500,000 secured letter of credit facility | 500,000 | 333,179 | — | ||||||||
Talbot FAL Facility (b) | 25,000 | 25,000 | — | ||||||||
IPC Bi-Lateral Facility | 80,000 | 57,146 | — | ||||||||
Total | $ | 1,605,000 | $ | 955,125 | $ | 536,782 | |||||
(a) | Indicates utilization of commitment amount, not drawn borrowings. |
(b) | Talbot operates in Lloyd’s through a corporate member, Talbot 2002 Underwriting Capital Ltd (“T02”), which is the sole participant in Syndicate 1183. Lloyd’s sets T02’s required capital annually based on Syndicate 1183’s business plan, rating environment, reserving environment together with input arising from Lloyd’s discussions with, inter alia, regulatory and rating agencies. Such capital, called Funds at Lloyd’s (“FAL”), comprises: cash, investments and undrawn letters of credit provided by various banks. |
Finance expenses consist of interest on our junior subordinated deferrable debentures, junior subordinated deferrable interest notes and senior notes, the amortization of debt offering costs, fees relating to our credit facilities, preferred share dividends and the costs of FAL as follows:
Years Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | $ | 6,964 | $ | 9,768 | $ | 14,354 | |||||
2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures | 8,922 | 12,115 | 12,114 | ||||||||
2010 Senior Notes due 2040 | 22,388 | 22,388 | 20,770 | ||||||||
Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | 459 | — | — | ||||||||
Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes | 327 | — | — | ||||||||
Credit facilities | 11,999 | 6,492 | 5,246 | ||||||||
Bank charges | 269 | 218 | 246 | ||||||||
AlphaCat Re 2011 fees (a) | — | 3,609 | — | ||||||||
AlphaCat ILS fund fees (b) | 2,432 | — | — | ||||||||
Talbot FAL Facility | 97 | 227 | 333 | ||||||||
Talbot third party FAL facility | — | — | 2,807 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 53,857 | $ | 54,817 | $ | 55,870 | |||||
(a) | Included preferred share dividends and finance expenses attributable to AlphaCat Re 2011. |
(b) | Includes finance expenses incurred by AlphaCat Managers, Ltd. in relation to the AlphaCat ILS funds and fund-raising for AlphaCat 2013. |
(b) | $250,000 2010 Senior Notes due 2040 |
On January 21, 2010, the Company offered and sold $250,000 of Senior Notes due 2040 (the “2010 Senior Notes”) in a registered public offering. The 2010 Senior Notes mature on January 26, 2040, and are redeemable at the Company’s option in whole any time or in part from time to time at a make-whole redemption price. The Company may redeem the notes in whole, but not in part, at any time upon the occurrence of certain tax events as described in the prospectus supplement of the 2010 Senior Notes. The 2010 Senior Notes bear interest at the rate of 8.875% per annum from January 26, 2010 to maturity or early redemption. Interest on the 2010 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 26 and July 26 of each year, commencing on
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
July 26, 2010. The net proceeds of $243,967 from the sale of the 2010 Senior Notes, after the deduction of commissions paid to the underwriters in the transaction and other expenses, was used by the Company for general corporate purposes, which included the repurchase of its outstanding capital stock and payment of dividends to shareholders. Debt issuance costs of $2,808 were deferred as an asset and amortized over the life of the 2010 Senior Notes. There were no redemptions made during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
The 2010 Senior Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Company and rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company’s existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The 2010 Senior Notes will be effectively junior to all of the Company’s future secured debt, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such debt, and will rank senior to all our existing and future subordinated debt. The 2010 Senior Notes are structurally subordinated to all obligations of the Company’s subsidiaries.
Future expected payments of principal on the 2010 Senior Notes are as follows:
2013 | $ | — | |
2014 | — | ||
2015 | — | ||
2016 | — | ||
2017 and thereafter | 250,000 | ||
Total minimum future payments | $ | 250,000 | |
(c) | Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures and Junior subordinated deferrable interest notes |
On June 15, 2006, the Company participated in a private placement of $150,000 of junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures due 2036 (the “2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures”). The 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures mature on June 15, 2036, are redeemable at the Company’s option at par beginning June 15, 2011, and require quarterly interest payments by the Company to the holders of the 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures. Interest was payable at 9.069% per annum through June 15, 2011, and thereafter at a floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 355 basis points, reset quarterly. The proceeds of $150,000 from the sale of the 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures, after the deduction of commissions paid to the placement agents in the transaction and other expenses, were used by the Company to fund Validus Re segment operations and for general working capital purposes. Debt issuance costs of $3,750 were deferred as an asset and were amortized to income over the five year optional redemption period. There were no redemptions made during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
On June 21, 2007, the Company participated in a private placement of $200,000 of junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures due 2037 (the “2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures”). The 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures mature on June 15, 2037, are redeemable at the Company’s option at par beginning June 15, 2012, and require quarterly interest payments by the Company to the holders of the 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures. Interest was payable at 8.480% per annum through June 15, 2012, and thereafter at a floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 295 basis points, reset quarterly. The proceeds of $200,000 from the sale of the 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures, after the deduction of commissions paid to the placement agents in the transaction and other expenses, were used by the Company to fund the purchase of Talbot Holdings Ltd. Debt issuance costs of $2,000 were deferred as an asset and were amortized to income over the five year optional redemption period. There were no redemptions made during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
As part of the acquisition of Flagstone, the Company assumed $137,159 of junior subordinated deferrable interest notes due 2036 (the “Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes”). The Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes mature on September 15, 2036, are redeemable at the Company's option at par beginning as of September 15, 2011, and require quarterly interest payments by the Company to the holders of the Flagstone 2006 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes. Interest is payable at a floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 354 basis points, reset quarterly. There were no redemptions made during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
As part of the acquisition of Flagstone, the Company assumed $113,750 of junior subordinated deferrable interest notes due 2037 (the “Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes”). Of these, $88,750 of the Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes mature on July 30, 2037, are redeemable at the Company's option at par as of July 30, 2012, and require quarterly interest payments by the Company to the holders of the Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Interest Notes. Interest is payable at a floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 300 basis points, reset quarterly. And $25,000 of the Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes mature on September 15, 2037, are redeemable at the Company's option at par as of September 15, 2012, and require quarterly interest payments by the Company to the holders of the Flagstone 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes. Interest is payable at a floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 310 basis points, reset quarterly. There were no redemptions made during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
Future expected payments of principal on the 2006 and 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures and Flagstone 2006 and 2007 Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Notes are as follows:
2013 | $ | — | |
2014 | — | ||
2015 | — | ||
2016 | — | ||
2017 and thereafter | 540,709 | ||
Total minimum future payments | $ | 540,709 | |
(d) | Credit facilities |
(i) | $400,000 syndicated unsecured letter of credit facility and $525,000 syndicated secured letter of credit facility |
On March 9, 2012, the Company, Validus Re Americas, Ltd. (“Validus Re Americas”), PaCRe and Validus Re entered into a $400,000 four year unsecured credit facility with Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as syndication agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, Lloyds Securities Inc. and Suntrust Bank, as co-documentation agents and the lenders party thereto, which provides for letter of credit availability for the Company and certain designated subsidiaries of the Company and revolving credit availability for the Company (the “Four Year Unsecured Facility”) (the full $400,000 of which is available for letters of credit and/or revolving loans). The Four Year Unsecured Facility was provided by a syndicate of commercial banks arranged by J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Lloyds Securities Inc. and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc. Letters of credit under the Four Year Unsecured Facility are available to support obligations in connection with the insurance business of the Company and its subsidiaries. Loans under the Four Year Unsecured Facility are available for the general corporate and working capital purposes of the Company. The Company may request that existing lenders under the Four Year Unsecured Facility or prospective additional lenders agree to make available additional commitments from time to time so long as the aggregate commitments under the Four Year Unsecured Facility do not exceed $500,000. Letter of credit fees are payable on account of each letter of credit issued under the Four Year Unsecured Facility at a rate per annum equal to an applicable rate. Borrowings under the Four Year Unsecured Facility bear interest, at the option of the Company, at the base rate (the higher of the prime rate announced by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., the federal funds effective rate plus 0.5%, and the adjusted LIBOR rate plus 1.0%) or the adjusted LIBOR rate applicable to such loans, plus an applicable rate.
Also on March 9, 2012, the Company, Validus Re Americas and Validus Re entered into a $525,000 four-year secured credit facility with Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as syndication agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, Lloyds Securities Inc. and Suntrust Bank, as co-documentation agents and the lenders party thereto, which provides for letter of credit availability for the Company and certain designated subsidiaries of the Company (the “Four Year Secured Facility” and together with the Four Year Unsecured Facility, the “Credit Facilities”). The Four Year Secured Facility was provided by a syndicate of commercial banks arranged by J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Lloyds Securities Inc. and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc. Letters of credit under the Four Year Secured Facility will be available to support obligations in connection with the insurance business of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company may request that existing lenders under the Four Year Secured Facility or prospective additional lenders agree to make available additional commitments from time to time so long as the aggregate commitments under the Four Year Secured Facility do not exceed $700,000. The obligations of the Company and its designated subsidiaries under the Four Year Secured Facility are secured by cash and securities deposited into cash collateral accounts from time to time with The Bank of New York Mellon. Letter of credit fees are payable on account of each letter of credit issued under the Four Year Secured Facility at a rate per annum equal to an applicable rate. Borrowings under the Four Year Secured Facility bear interest at the base rate (the higher of the prime rate announced by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., the federal funds effective rate plus 0.5%, and the adjusted LIBOR rate plus 1.0%).
The Credit Facilities contain covenants that include, among other things (i) the requirement that the Company initially maintain a minimum level of consolidated net worth of at least $2,600,000 and, commencing with the end of the fiscal quarter ending
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
December 31, 2012, to be increased quarterly by an amount equal to 50.0% of the Company’s consolidated net income (if positive) for such quarter plus 50.0% of the aggregate increases in the consolidated shareholders’ equity of the Company during such fiscal quarter by reason of the issuance and sale of common equity interests of the Company, including upon any conversion of debt securities of the Company into such equity interests, (ii) the requirement that the Company maintain at all times a consolidated total debt to consolidated total capital ratio not greater than 0.35:1.00, and (iii) the requirement that Validus Re and any other material insurance subsidiaries maintain a financial strength rating by A.M. Best of not less than “B++” (Fair). In addition, the Credit Facilities contain customary negative covenants applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, including limitations on the ability to pay dividends and other payments in respect of equity interests at any time that the Company is otherwise in default with respect to certain provisions under the respective Credit Facilities, limitations on the ability to incur liens, sell assets, merge or consolidate with others, enter into transactions with affiliates, and limitations on the ability of its subsidiaries to incur indebtedness. The Credit Facilities also contain customary affirmative covenants, representations and warranties and events of default for credit facilities of its type.
As of December 31, 2012, there was $376,570 in outstanding letters of credit under the Four Year Secured Facility (December 31, 2011: $nil) and $nil outstanding under the Four Year Unsecured Facility (December 31, 2011: $nil).
As of December 31, 2012, and throughout the reporting periods presented, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and restrictions under the Credit Facilities.
On March 9, 2012, upon entering into the Credit Facilities, the Company terminated its (a) three-year bi-lateral $60,000 unsecured revolving credit facility, dated March 12, 2010 with Lloyds TSB Bank plc, (b) $340,000 three-year unsecured credit facility, dated March 12, 2010 with Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as syndication agent and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and (c) $500,000 five-year secured credit facility, dated March 12, 2007 with Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as syndication agent and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent. No early termination penalties were incurred.
(ii) | Talbot FAL Facility |
On November 28, 2007, Talbot entered into a $100,000 standby Letter of Credit facility (the “Talbot FAL Facility”) to provide Funds at Lloyd’s for the 2008 and 2009 underwriting years of account; this facility is guaranteed by the Company and is secured against the assets of Validus Re. The Talbot FAL Facility was provided by a syndicate of commercial banks arranged by Lloyds TSB Bank plc and ING Bank N.V., London Branch.
On November 19, 2009, the Company entered into an Amendment and Restatement of the Talbot FAL Facility to reduce the commitment from $100,000 to $25,000, and to extend the support to the 2010 and 2011 underwriting years of account. On November 18, 2011, the Company entered into an Amendment and Restatement of the Talbot FAL Facility to extend the support to the 2012 and 2013 underwriting years of account.
As amended, the Talbot FAL Facility contains affirmative covenants that include, among other things, (i) the requirement that the Company initially maintain a minimum level of consolidated net worth of at least $2,589,615, and commencing with the end of the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2011 to be increased quarterly by an amount equal to 50% of our consolidated net income (if positive) for such quarter plus 50% of any net proceeds received from any issuance of common shares during such quarter, and (ii) the requirement that we maintain at all times a consolidated total debt to consolidated total capitalization ratio not greater than 0.35:1.00.
The Talbot FAL Facility also contains restrictions on our ability to incur debt at our subsidiaries, incur liens, sell assets and merge or consolidate with others. Other than in respect of existing and future preferred and hybrid securities, the payment of dividends and other payments in respect of equity interests are not permitted at any time that we are in default with respect to certain provisions under the Talbot FAL Facility. As of December 31, 2012 the Company had $25,000 (December 31, 2011: $25,000) in outstanding letters of credit under the Talbot FAL Facility.
As of December 31, 2012 and throughout the reporting periods presented, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and restrictions under the Talbot FAL Facility.
(iii) | IPC Syndicated Facility and IPC Bi-Lateral Facility |
IPC obtained letters of credit through the IPC Syndicated Facility and the IPC Bi-Lateral Facility. In July 2009, certain terms of these facilities were amended including suspending IPC’s ability to increase existing letters of credit or to issue new letters of
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
credit. Effective March 31, 2010, the IPC Syndicated Facility was closed. As of December 31, 2012, $40,613 of outstanding letters of credit were issued under the IPC Bi-Lateral Facility (December 31, 2011: $57,146).
As of December 31, 2012 and throughout the reporting periods presented, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and restrictions under the IPC Bi-Lateral Facility.
(iv) | $500,000 secured bi-lateral letter of credit facility |
On August 10, 2009, Validus Re entered into an uncommitted $500,000 secured bi-lateral letter of credit facility with Citibank Europe plc (the “Secured Bi-Lateral Letter of Credit Facility”). Letters of credit were first issued under the Secured Bi-Lateral Letter of Credit Facility during the first quarter of 2012. As of December 31, 2012, $92,402 of letters of credit were outstanding under the Secured Bi-Lateral Facility. The Secured Bi-Lateral Letter of Credit Facility has no fixed termination date and as of December 31, 2012, Validus Re is in compliance with all terms and covenants thereof.
(v) | $10,000 PaCRe Senior secured letter of credit facility |
On May 11, 2012, PaCRe (as Borrower) and its subsidiary, PaCRe Investments, Ltd. (as Guarantor) entered into a 364-Day secured revolving credit and letter of credit facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. This facility provides for revolving borrowings by the Borrower and for letters of credit issued by the Borrower to be used to support its reinsurance obligations in aggregate amount of $10,000. As of December 31, 2012, $219 of letters of credit were outstanding under this facility.
(vi) | $550,000 Flagstone Bi-Lateral Facility |
As part of the Flagstone Acquisition, the Company assumed a Letters of Credit Master Agreement between Citibank Europe Plc and Flagstone Reassurance Suisse, S.A. (the “Flagstone Bi-Lateral Facility”). At December 31, 2012, the Flagstone Bi-Lateral Facility had $381,019 (December 31, 2011: $nil) letters of credit issued and outstanding.
As of December 31, 2012, and throughout the reporting periods presented, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and restrictions under the Flagstone Bi-Lateral Facility.
19. Income taxes
The Company provides for income taxes based upon amounts reported in the financial statements and the provisions of currently enacted tax laws. The Company is registered in Bermuda and is subject to Bermuda law with respect to taxation. Under current Bermuda law, the Company is not taxed on any Bermuda income or capital gains and has received an undertaking from the Bermuda Minister of Finance that, in the event of any Bermuda income or capital gains taxes being imposed, the Company will be exempt from those taxes until March 31, 2035.
Within the segment information contained in the Financial Statements, gross premiums written allocated to the territory of coverage exposure are presented for the periods indicated. Gross premiums written allocated to the United States are written primarily through Validus Reinsurance, Ltd., a Bermuda Registered Reinsurance Company. As noted, under current Bermuda law, the Company is not taxed on any Bermuda income and therefore the premium disclosed in the segment information does not correlate to pre-tax income generated in the United States.
The Company has subsidiaries with operations in several locations outside Bermuda, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Singapore, Chile, Dubai, Ireland, Canada, Switzerland, South Africa, India, Cyprus, Isle of Man, Luxembourg, Mauritius and Gibraltar that are subject to the tax laws of those countries. Under current law, corporate income tax losses incurred in the United Kingdom can be carried forward, for application against future income, indefinitely.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Years Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Income before tax—Bermuda | $ | 369,675 | $ | 42,230 | $ | 400,631 | |||||
Income before tax—United Kingdom | 10,277 | 1,415 | 4,275 | ||||||||
(Loss) before tax—Switzerland | (3,381 | ) | — | — | |||||||
Income before tax—Canada | 391 | 301 | 784 | ||||||||
Income before tax—Other | 5,577 | — | — | ||||||||
Income before tax—Total | $ | 382,539 | $ | 43,946 | $ | 405,690 | |||||
Income tax expense (benefit) is comprised of current and deferred tax. Income tax expense (benefit) is as follows:
Years Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Current | $ | 1,328 | $ | 8,977 | $ | 2,941 | |||||
Deferred | 1,173 | (8,153 | ) | 185 | |||||||
Income tax expense | $ | 2,501 | $ | 824 | $ | 3,126 | |||||
The table below details the tax charge by jurisdiction:
Years Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Expected tax provision at Bermuda | |||||||||||
Statutory Rate of 0% | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
Effect of taxable income generated in: | |||||||||||
United Kingdom | 3,204 | 389 | 1,374 | ||||||||
Canada | 1,348 | 151 | 1,231 | ||||||||
Other jurisdictions | 330 | 1,233 | 114 | ||||||||
4,882 | 1,773 | 2,719 | |||||||||
Adjustments to deferred tax rate | (1,611 | ) | — | — | |||||||
Adjustments to prior period tax | (770 | ) | (949 | ) | 407 | ||||||
Income tax expense | $ | 2,501 | $ | 824 | $ | 3,126 | |||||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Years Ended | |||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | ||||||
Deferred tax asset | |||||||
Tax losses carried forward | $ | (42,215 | ) | $ | (11,206 | ) | |
Timing differences | (4,366 | ) | (3,162 | ) | |||
Deferred tax asset, gross of valuation allowance | (46,581 | ) | (14,368 | ) | |||
Valuation allowance | 37,974 | — | |||||
Net deferred tax asset | (8,607 | ) | (14,368 | ) | |||
Deferred tax liability | |||||||
Underwriting profit taxable in future periods | 25,732 | 31,088 | |||||
Revenue to be taxed in future periods | 3,134 | — | |||||
Deferred tax liability | 28,866 | 31,088 | |||||
Net deferred tax liability | $ | 20,259 | $ | 16,720 | |||
Net deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the tax effect of temporary differences between the value of assets and liabilities for financial statement purposes and such values as measured by tax laws and regulations in countries in which the operations are taxable.
In assessing whether deferred tax assets can be realized, management considers whether it is more likely than not that the tax benefit of the deferred tax asset will be realized. The realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the period during which those temporary differences and operating losses become deductible. Management considers the reversal of the deferred tax liabilities and projected future taxable income in making this assessment. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable could be reduced in the future if estimates of future taxable income are reduced.
As of December 31, 2012, net operating loss carry forwards in the U.K. were approximately $16,698 (inclusive of cumulative currency translation adjustments) and have no expiration.
20. Commitments and contingencies
(a) | Concentrations of credit risk |
The Company’s investments are managed following prudent standards of diversification. The Company attempts to limit its credit exposure by purchasing high quality fixed income investments to maintain an average portfolio credit quality of AA- or higher with mortgage and commercial mortgage-backed issues having an aggregate weighted average credit quality of AAA. In addition, the Company limits its exposure to any single issuer to 3% or less, excluding government and agency securities. With the exception of the Company’s bank loan portfolio, which represents 10% of the Company's total investments as at December 31, 2012, the minimum credit rating of any security purchased is Baa3/BBB- and where investments are downgraded, the Company permits a holding of up to 2% in aggregate market value, or 10% with written pre-authorization. At December 31, 2012, 1.2% of the portfolio, excluding bank loans, had a split rating below Baa3/BBB- and the Company did not have an aggregate exposure to any single issuer of more than 0.7% of its investment portfolio, other than with respect to government and agency securities.
The Company underwrites a significant amount of its reinsurance business through three particular brokers as set out below. Credit risk exists should any of these brokers be unable to fulfill their contractual obligations with respect to the payments of insurance and reinsurance balances to the Company. These companies are large, well established, and there are no indications that any of them are financially troubled. No other broker and no one insured or reinsured accounted for more than 10% of gross premiums written for the periods mentioned.
The following table shows the percentage of gross premiums written by broker for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010:
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Years Ended | ||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | ||||||
Marsh & McLennan | 29.4 | % | 25.9 | % | 25.5 | % | ||
Aon Benfield Group Ltd. | 26.5 | % | 23.8 | % | 22.6 | % | ||
Willis Group Holdings Ltd. | 16.1 | % | 17.0 | % | 17.1 | % | ||
(b) | Employment agreements |
The Company has entered into employment agreements with certain individuals that provide for executive benefits and severance payments under certain circumstances.
(c) | Operating leases |
The Company leases office space and office equipment under operating leases. Total rent expense with respect to these operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2012 was approximately $7,670 (2011: $5,752, 2010: $5,309). Future minimum lease commitments are as follows:
2013 | $ | 11,933 | |
2014 | 10,502 | ||
2015 | 9,826 | ||
2016 | 8,608 | ||
2017 and thereafter | 30,093 | ||
$ | 70,962 | ||
(d) | Funds at Lloyd’s |
The amounts provided under the Talbot FAL Facility would become a liability of the Company in the event of Syndicate 1183 declaring a loss at a level which would call on this arrangement.
Talbot operates in Lloyd’s through a corporate member, Talbot 2002 Underwriting Capital Ltd (“T02”), which is the sole participant in Syndicate 1183. Lloyd’s sets T02’s required capital annually based on Syndicate 1183’s business plan, rating environment, reserving environment together with input arising from Lloyd’s discussions with, inter alia, regulatory and rating agencies. Such capital, called Funds at Lloyd’s (“FAL”), comprises: cash, investments and undrawn letters of credit provided by various banks. The amounts of cash, investments and letters of credit at December 31, 2012 amounted to $428,700 (December 31, 2011: $473,800) of which $25,000 is provided under the Talbot FAL Facility (December 31, 2011: $25,000).
The FAL are provided for each year of account as follows:
2013 Underwriting Year | 2012 Underwriting Year | 2011 Underwriting Year | |||||||||
Talbot FAL facility | $ | 25,000 | $ | 25,000 | $ | 25,000 | |||||
Group funds | 403,700 | 448,800 | 416,000 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 428,700 | $ | 473,800 | $ | 441,000 | |||||
The amounts which the Company provides as FAL are not available for distribution to the Company for the payment of dividends. Talbot’s corporate member may also be required to maintain funds under the control of Lloyd’s in excess of its capital requirement and such funds also may not be available for distribution to the Company for the payment of dividends.
(e) | Lloyd’s Central Fund |
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Whenever a member of Lloyd’s is unable to pay its debts to policyholders, such debts may be payable by the Lloyd’s Central Fund. If Lloyd’s determines that the Central Fund needs to be increased, it has the power to assess premium levies on current Lloyd’s members up to 3% of a member’s underwriting capacity in any one year. The Company does not believe that any assessment is likely in the foreseeable future and has not provided any allowance for such an assessment. However, based on the Company’s 2013 estimated premium income at Lloyd’s of £620,000, the December 31, 2012 exchange rate of £1 equals $1.6237 and assuming the maximum 3% assessment the Company would be assessed approximately $30,201.
(f) | Aquiline Commitment |
On December 20, 2011, Validus Re, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Aquiline Capital Partners LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Assignor”) and Aquiline Capital Partners II GP (Offshore) Ltd., a Cayman Islands company limited by shares (the “General Partner”) pursuant to which Validus Re has assumed 100% of the Assignor’s interest in Aquiline Financial Services Fund II L.P. (the “Partnership”) representing a total capital commitment of $50,000 (the “Commitment”), as a limited partner in the Partnership (the “Transferred Interest”). The Transferred Interest is governed by the terms of an Amended and Restated Exempted Limited Partnership Agreement dated as of July 2, 2010 (the “Limited Partnership Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Limited Partnership Agreement, the Commitment will expire on July 2, 2015. The Company’s remaining commitment at December 31, 2012 was $32,382.
21. Related party transactions
The transactions listed below are classified as related party transactions as each counterparty has either a direct or indirect shareholding in the Company.
a)On December 8, 2005, the Company entered into agreements with Goldman Sachs Asset Management and its affiliates (“GSAM”) under which GSAM provides investment management services for a portion of the Company’s investment portfolio. For the year ended December 31, 2010, GSAM was deemed to be a related party due to a combination of GSAM being a shareholder in the Company and having an employee on the Company’s Board of Directors during this period. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, GSAM was no longer a related party due to the resignation of Sumit Rajpal from the Board of Directors effective February 7, 2011. Investment management fees earned by GSAM for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $1,728. Management believes that the fees charged were consistent with those that would have been charged in arm’s-length transactions with unrelated third parties.
b)Aquiline Capital Partners, LLC and its related companies (“Aquiline”), which own 6,255,943 shares in the Company, hold warrants to purchase 2,756,088 shares, and has two employees on the Company’s Board of Directors who do not receive compensation from the Company, are shareholders of Group Ark Insurance Holdings Ltd. (“Group Ark”). Christopher E. Watson, a director of the Company, also serves as a director of Group Ark. Pursuant to reinsurance agreements with a subsidiary of Group Ark, the Company recognized gross premiums written during the year ended December 31, 2012 of $7,582 (2011: $1,464; 2010: $2,239) of which $251 was included in premiums receivable at December 31, 2012 (December 31, 2011: $330). The Company also recognized reinsurance premiums ceded during the year ended December 31, 2012 of $90 (2011: $163; 2010: $738), of which $3,694 were included in reinsurance balances payable at December 31, 2012 (December 31, 2011: $21). Earned premium adjustments of $7,625 were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2012 (2011: $1,524; 2010: $1,024).
Aquiline is also a shareholder of Tiger Risk Partners LLC (“Tiger Risk”). Christopher E. Watson, a director of the Company serves as a director of Tiger Risk. Pursuant to certain reinsurance contracts, the Company recognized brokerage expenses paid to Tiger Risk during the year ended December 31, 2012 of $2,424 (2011: $1,142; 2010: $1,461), of which $964 were included in accounts payable and accrued expenses at December 31, 2012 (December 31, 2011: $86).
On November 24, 2009, the Company entered into an Investment Management Agreement with Conning, Inc. (“Conning”) to manage a portion of the Company’s investment portfolio. Aquiline acquired Conning on June 16, 2009. John J. Hendrickson and Jeffrey W. Greenberg, directors of the Company, each serve as a director of Conning Holdings Corp., the parent company of Conning, and Michael Carpenter, the Chairman of Talbot Holdings Ltd. and a director of the Company, serves as a director of a subsidiary company of Conning Holdings Corp. Investment management fees earned by Conning for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $809 (2011: $783; 2010: $379), of which $201 were included in accounts payable and accrued expenses at December 31, 2012 (December 31, 2011: $203).
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
On December 20, 2011, Validus Re, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Aquiline Capital Partners LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Assignor”) and Aquiline Capital Partners II GP (Offshore) Ltd., a Cayman Islands company limited by shares (the “General Partner”) pursuant to which Validus Re has assumed 100% of the Assignor’s interest in Aquiline Financial Services Fund II L.P. (the “Partnership”) representing a total capital commitment of $50,000 (the “Commitment”), as a limited partner in the Partnership (the “Transferred Interest”). Messrs. Greenberg and Watson, directors of the Company, serve as managing principal and senior principal, respectively, of Aquiline Capital Partners LLC. For the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company incurred $2,979 (2011: $nil; 2010: $nil ) in partnership fees and made $14,365 (2011: $3,253; 2010: $nil) of capital contributions, of which $nil were included in accounts payable and accrued expenses at December 31, 2012 (December 31, 2011: $nil).
Certain shareholders of the Company and their affiliates, as well as the employers of or entities otherwise associated with certain directors and officers or their affiliates, have purchased insurance and/or reinsurance from the Company in the ordinary course of business on terms the Company believes were no more favorable to these (re)insureds than those made available to other customers.
22. Earnings per share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share available to common shareholders for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010:
Years Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Basic earnings per share | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 392,618 | $ | 43,122 | $ | 402,564 | |||||
Loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | 15,820 | (21,793 | ) | — | |||||||
Net income available to Validus | $ | 408,438 | $ | 21,329 | $ | 402,564 | |||||
Less: Dividends and distributions declared on outstanding warrants | (6,693 | ) | (7,644 | ) | (6,991 | ) | |||||
Income available to common shareholders | $ | 401,745 | $ | 13,685 | $ | 395,573 | |||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 97,184,110 | 98,607,439 | 116,018,364 | ||||||||
Basic earnings per share available to common shareholders | $ | 4.13 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 3.41 | |||||
Diluted earnings per share | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 392,618 | $ | 43,122 | $ | 402,564 | |||||
Loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | 15,820 | (21,793 | ) | — | |||||||
Net income available to Validus | $ | 408,438 | $ | 21,329 | $ | 402,564 | |||||
Less: Dividends and distributions declared on outstanding warrants | — | (7,644 | ) | — | |||||||
Income available to common shareholders | $ | 408,438 | $ | 13,685 | $ | 402,564 | |||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 97,184,110 | 98,607,439 | 116,018,364 | ||||||||
Share equivalents: | |||||||||||
Warrants | 3,137,956 | — | 2,657,258 | ||||||||
Stock options | 769,618 | 776,204 | 888,281 | ||||||||
Unvested restricted shares | 1,293,239 | 1,544,641 | 1,067,042 | ||||||||
Weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding | 102,384,923 | 100,928,284 | 120,630,945 | ||||||||
Diluted earnings per share available to common shareholders | $ | 3.99 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 3.34 | |||||
Share equivalents that would result in the issuance of common shares of 199,446, 181,105 and 136,881 were outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would be antidilutive.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
23. Segment information
The Company conducts its operations worldwide through two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Validus Reinsurance, Ltd. and Talbot Holdings Ltd. from which three operating segments have been determined under U.S. GAAP segment reporting. During the first quarter of 2012, to better align the Company’s operating and reporting structure with its current strategy, there was a change in the segment structure. This change included the AlphaCat group of companies as a separate operating segment. “AlphaCat segment” was included as an additional segment and includes the Company’s investments in AlphaCat Re 2011, AlphaCat Re 2012, AlphaCat 2013 and PaCRe. Prior period comparatives have been restated to reflect the change in segmentation. The Company’s operating segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. They are managed and have capital allocated separately because each business requires different strategies.
Validus Re Segment
The Validus Re segment is focused on short-tail lines of reinsurance. The primary lines in which the segment conducts business are property, marine and specialty which includes agriculture, aerospace and aviation, financial lines of business, nuclear, terrorism, life, accident & health, workers’ compensation, crisis management, contingency, motor and technical lines.
On November 30, 2012, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Flagstone. The primary lines in which Flagstone conducted business were property catastrophe reinsurance, property pro rata and per-risk excess and short tail specialty and casualty reinsurance such as aviation, energy, personal accident and health, satellite, marine and workers' compensation catastrophe. For segmental reporting purposes, the results of Flagstone’s operations since the acquisition date have been included within the Validus Re segment in the consolidated financial statements.
AlphaCat Segment
The AlphaCat segment manages strategic relationships that leverage the Company’s underwriting and investment expertise and earns management, performance and underwriting fees primarily from the Company’s operating affiliates, AlphaCat Re 2011, AlphaCat Re 2012 and AlphaCat 2013, as well as an investment in PaCRe.
Validus Re Consolidated
The Validus Re consolidated group of companies represents the Validus Reinsurance, Ltd. consolidated U.S. GAAP results.
Talbot Segment
The Talbot segment focuses on a wide range of marine and energy, war, political violence, commercial property, financial institutions, contingency, bloodstock, accident & health and aviation classes of business on an insurance or facultative reinsurance basis and principally property, aerospace and marine classes of business on a treaty reinsurance basis.
Corporate and other reconciling items
The Company has a “Corporate” function, which includes the activities of the parent company, and which carries out certain functions for the group. “Corporate” includes ‘non-core’ underwriting expenses, predominantly general and administrative and stock compensation expenses. “Corporate” also denotes the activities of certain key executives such as the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. For internal reporting purposes, “Corporate” is reflected separately, however “Corporate” is not considered an operating segment under these circumstances. Other reconciling items include, but are not limited to, the elimination of intersegment revenues and expenses and unusual items that are not allocated to segments. Corporate also includes the gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses in connection with the acquisition of Flagstone in 2012, as well as transaction expenses relating to the costs incurred in connection with the proposed acquisition of Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. in 2011.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
The following tables summarize the results of our operating segments and "Corporate":
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Validus Re Segment | AlphaCat Segment | Legal Entity Adjustments | Validus Re Consolidated | Talbot Segment | Corporate & Eliminations | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 1,131,959 | $ | 21,603 | $ | 7 | $ | 1,153,569 | $ | 1,078,636 | $ | (65,765 | ) | $ | 2,166,440 | |||||||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (144,578 | ) | — | — | (144,578 | ) | (228,686 | ) | 65,758 | (307,506 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Net premiums written | 987,381 | 21,603 | 7 | 1,008,991 | 849,950 | (7 | ) | 1,858,934 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 35,890 | (3,937 | ) | (3,833 | ) | 28,120 | (17,671 | ) | 3,833 | 14,282 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 1,023,271 | 17,666 | (3,826 | ) | 1,037,111 | 832,279 | 3,826 | 1,873,216 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting deductions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 575,416 | — | — | 575,416 | 424,030 | — | 999,446 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 154,362 | 1,774 | (390 | ) | 155,746 | 183,926 | (4,974 | ) | 334,698 | |||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 63,048 | 7,532 | 5,130 | 75,710 | 133,281 | 54,661 | 263,652 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 7,763 | 279 | 561 | 8,603 | 7,789 | 10,317 | 26,709 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 800,589 | 9,585 | 5,301 | 815,475 | 749,026 | 60,004 | 1,624,505 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting income (loss) | $ | 222,682 | $ | 8,081 | $ | (9,127 | ) | $ | 221,636 | $ | 83,253 | $ | (56,178 | ) | $ | 248,711 | ||||||||||||
Net investment income | 88,727 | 3,748 | 2,846 | 95,321 | 21,310 | (8,695 | ) | 107,936 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other income | 5,085 | 23,229 | 3,823 | 32,137 | 2,033 | (11,774 | ) | 22,396 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Finance expenses | (8,943 | ) | (3,061 | ) | 2,433 | (9,571 | ) | (162 | ) | (44,124 | ) | (53,857 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) before taxes and income from operating affiliates | 307,551 | 31,997 | (25 | ) | 339,523 | 106,434 | (120,771 | ) | 325,186 | |||||||||||||||||||
Tax (expense) | (168 | ) | — | (4 | ) | (172 | ) | (2,229 | ) | (100 | ) | (2,501 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Income from operating affiliates | — | 12,580 | — | 12,580 | — | — | 12,580 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net operating income (loss) | $ | 307,383 | $ | 44,577 | $ | (29 | ) | $ | 351,931 | $ | 104,205 | $ | (120,871 | ) | $ | 335,265 | ||||||||||||
Gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses (a) | — | — | 23,460 | 23,460 | — | (5,759 | ) | 17,701 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net realized gains on investments | 12,026 | 216 | — | 12,242 | 5,991 | — | 18,233 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments | 35,033 | (19,509 | ) | 506 | 16,030 | 2,061 | (506 | ) | 17,585 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Loss) from investment affiliate | (964 | ) | — | — | (964 | ) | — | — | (964 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (losses) | 2,664 | 44 | 477 | 3,185 | 2,527 | (914 | ) | 4,798 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 356,142 | $ | 25,328 | $ | 24,414 | $ | 405,884 | $ | 114,784 | $ | (128,050 | ) | $ | 392,618 | |||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | — | 15,820 | — | 15,820 | — | — | 15,820 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to Validus | $ | 356,142 | $ | 41,148 | $ | 24,414 | $ | 421,704 | $ | 114,784 | $ | (128,050 | ) | $ | 408,438 | |||||||||||||
Selected ratios: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net premiums written / Gross premiums written | 87.2 | % | 100.0 | % | 78.8 | % | 85.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 56.2 | % | 0.0 | % | 50.9 | % | 53.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 15.1 | % | 10.0 | % | 22.1 | % | 17.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses (b) | 6.9 | % | 44.2 | % | 16.9 | % | 15.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Expense ratio | 22.0 | % | 54.2 | % | 39.0 | % | 33.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined ratio | 78.2 | % | 54.2 | % | 89.9 | % | 86.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 6,206,084 | $ | 805,513 | $ | 2,968,224 | $ | 40,443 | $ | 10,020,264 | ||||||||||||||||||
(a) | The gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses, arose from the acquisition of Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings S.A. on November 30, 2012 and is net of transaction related expenses which included legal, financial advisory, audit related services and termination expenses. |
(b) | Ratios are based on net premiums earned. The general and administrative expense ratio includes share compensation expenses. |
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Validus Re Segment | AlphaCat Segment | Legal Entity Adjustments | Validus Re Consolidated | Talbot Segment | Corporate & Eliminations | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 1,114,493 | $ | 75,727 | $ | — | $ | 1,190,220 | $ | 1,014,122 | $ | (79,651 | ) | $ | 2,124,691 | |||||||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (150,718 | ) | — | — | (150,718 | ) | (218,174 | ) | 79,651 | (289,241 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Net premiums written | 963,775 | 75,727 | — | 1,039,502 | 795,948 | — | 1,835,450 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 2,150 | (9,761 | ) | — | (7,611 | ) | (25,696 | ) | — | (33,307 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 965,925 | 65,966 | — | 1,031,891 | 770,252 | — | 1,802,143 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting deductions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 749,305 | 10,000 | — | 759,305 | 485,096 | — | 1,244,401 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 154,582 | 7,946 | (2,394 | ) | 160,134 | 157,334 | (3,284 | ) | 314,184 | |||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 44,663 | 10,929 | (1,658 | ) | 53,934 | 112,072 | 31,491 | 197,497 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 9,309 | 107 | 982 | 10,398 | 8,582 | 15,316 | 34,296 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 957,859 | 28,982 | (3,070 | ) | 983,771 | 763,084 | 43,523 | 1,790,378 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting income (loss) | $ | 8,066 | $ | 36,984 | $ | 3,070 | $ | 48,120 | $ | 7,168 | $ | (43,523 | ) | $ | 11,765 | |||||||||||||
Net investment income | 93,248 | 3,245 | — | 96,493 | 25,380 | (9,577 | ) | 112,296 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other income | 7,390 | 11,466 | (6,017 | ) | 12,839 | 3,485 | (10,606 | ) | 5,718 | |||||||||||||||||||
Finance expenses | (7,777 | ) | (3,659 | ) | — | (11,436 | ) | (227 | ) | (43,154 | ) | (54,817 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) before taxes | 100,927 | 48,036 | (2,947 | ) | 146,016 | 35,806 | (106,860 | ) | 74,962 | |||||||||||||||||||
Tax (expense) | (18 | ) | — | — | (18 | ) | (651 | ) | (155 | ) | (824 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net operating income (loss) | $ | 100,909 | $ | 48,036 | $ | (2,947 | ) | $ | 145,998 | $ | 35,155 | $ | (107,015 | ) | $ | 74,138 | ||||||||||||
Net realized gains on investments | 21,138 | 531 | — | 21,669 | 6,863 | — | 28,532 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized (losses) on investments | (14,698 | ) | (1,341 | ) | — | (16,039 | ) | (3,952 | ) | — | (19,991 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange (losses) gains | (19,524 | ) | (464 | ) | — | (19,988 | ) | (2,188 | ) | 52 | (22,124 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Transaction expenses (a) | — | — | — | — | — | (17,433 | ) | (17,433 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 87,825 | $ | 46,762 | $ | (2,947 | ) | $ | 131,640 | $ | 35,878 | $ | (124,396 | ) | $ | 43,122 | ||||||||||||
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | — | (21,793 | ) | — | (21,793 | ) | — | — | (21,793 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to Validus | $ | 87,825 | $ | 24,969 | $ | (2,947 | ) | $ | 109,847 | $ | 35,878 | $ | (124,396 | ) | $ | 21,329 | ||||||||||||
Selected ratios: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net premiums written / Gross premiums written | 86.5 | % | 100.0 | % | 78.5 | % | 86.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 77.6 | % | 15.2 | % | 63.0 | % | 69.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 16.0 | % | 12.0 | % | 20.4 | % | 17.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses (b) | 5.6 | % | 16.7 | % | 15.7 | % | 12.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Expense ratio | 21.6 | % | 28.7 | % | 36.1 | % | 30.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined ratio | 99.2 | % | 43.9 | % | 99.1 | % | 99.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total Assets | $ | 4,604,965 | $ | 223,889 | $ | 2,775,632 | $ | 13,985 | $ | 7,618,471 | ||||||||||||||||||
(a) | The transaction expenses relate to costs incurred in connection with the Company's proposed acquisition of Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. Transaction expenses are primarily comprised of legal, financial advisory and audit related services. |
(b) | Ratios are based on net premiums earned. The general and administrative expense ratio includes share compensation expenses. |
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Year Ended December 31, 2010 | Validus Re Segment | AlphaCat Segment | Legal Entity Adjustments | Validus Re Consolidated | Talbot Segment | Corporate & Eliminations | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 1,089,443 | $ | 11,796 | $ | — | $ | 1,101,239 | $ | 981,073 | $ | (91,746 | ) | $ | 1,990,566 | |||||||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (63,147 | ) | — | — | (63,147 | ) | (258,081 | ) | 91,746 | (229,482 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Net premiums written | 1,026,296 | 11,796 | — | 1,038,092 | 722,992 | — | 1,761,084 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 13,822 | (714 | ) | — | 13,108 | (13,069 | ) | — | 39 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net premiums earned | 1,040,118 | 11,082 | — | 1,051,200 | 709,923 | — | 1,761,123 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting deductions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 601,610 | — | — | 601,610 | 385,976 | — | 987,586 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 159,527 | 1,072 | — | 160,599 | 143,769 | (11,469 | ) | 292,899 | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 45,613 | 5,327 | 15,927 | 66,867 | 107,557 | 34,866 | 209,290 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 7,181 | 594 | 80 | 7,855 | 6,923 | 14,133 | 28,911 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 813,931 | 6,993 | 16,007 | 836,931 | 644,225 | 37,530 | 1,518,686 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting income (loss) | $ | 226,187 | $ | 4,089 | $ | (16,007 | ) | $ | 214,269 | $ | 65,698 | $ | (37,530 | ) | $ | 242,437 | ||||||||||||
Net investment income | 108,170 | 5,858 | — | 114,028 | 29,287 | (9,212 | ) | 134,103 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other income | 3,938 | 3,849 | 4,715 | 12,502 | 6,315 | (13,598 | ) | 5,219 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Finance expenses | (5,471 | ) | — | — | (5,471 | ) | (3,140 | ) | (47,259 | ) | (55,870 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) before taxes | 332,824 | 13,796 | (11,292 | ) | 335,328 | 98,160 | (107,599 | ) | 325,889 | |||||||||||||||||||
Tax (expense) | (81 | ) | — | — | (81 | ) | (2,730 | ) | (315 | ) | (3,126 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net operating income (loss) | $ | 332,743 | $ | 13,796 | $ | (11,292 | ) | $ | 335,247 | $ | 95,430 | $ | (107,914 | ) | $ | 322,763 | ||||||||||||
Net realized gains on investments | 23,531 | 106 | — | 23,637 | 8,861 | — | 32,498 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized gains on investments | 44,616 | 660 | — | 45,276 | 676 | — | 45,952 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange (losses) gains | (622 | ) | (563 | ) | — | (1,185 | ) | 2,091 | 445 | 1,351 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 400,268 | $ | 13,999 | $ | (11,292 | ) | $ | 402,975 | $ | 107,058 | $ | (107,469 | ) | $ | 402,564 | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to Validus | $ | 400,268 | $ | 13,999 | $ | (11,292 | ) | $ | 402,975 | $ | 107,058 | $ | (107,469 | ) | $ | 402,564 | ||||||||||||
Selected ratios: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net premiums written / Gross premiums written | 94.2 | % | 100.0 | % | 73.7 | % | 88.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 57.8 | % | — | % | 54.4 | % | 56.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 15.3 | % | 9.7 | % | 20.3 | % | 16.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses(a) | 5.1 | % | 53.4 | % | 16.1 | % | 13.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Expense ratio | 20.4 | % | 63.1 | % | 36.4 | % | 30.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined ratio | 78.2 | % | 63.1 | % | 90.7 | % | 86.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 4,256,435 | $ | 163,123 | $ | 2,599,159 | $ | 42,161 | $ | 7,060,878 | ||||||||||||||||||
(a) | Ratios are based on net premiums earned. The general and administrative expense ratio includes share compensation expenses. |
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
The Company’s exposures are generally diversified across geographic zones. The following tables set forth the gross premiums written allocated to the territory of coverage exposure for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Premiums Written | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Validus Re | AlphaCat | Talbot | Eliminations | Total | % | |||||||||||||||||
United States | $ | 468,730 | $ | 18,774 | $ | 120,086 | $ | (7,285 | ) | $ | 600,305 | 27.7 | % | |||||||||
Worldwide excluding United States(a) | 40,168 | — | 263,597 | (16,049 | ) | 287,716 | 13.3 | % | ||||||||||||||
Europe | 90,673 | 1,333 | 50,262 | (2,868 | ) | 139,400 | 6.4 | % | ||||||||||||||
Latin America and Caribbean | 33,031 | — | 103,543 | (6,164 | ) | 130,410 | 6.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
Japan | 30,781 | — | 6,630 | (396 | ) | 37,015 | 1.7 | % | ||||||||||||||
Canada | 688 | — | 12,243 | (690 | ) | 12,241 | 0.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
Rest of the world(b) | 68,754 | 496 | — | — | 69,250 | 3.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
Sub-total, non United States | 264,095 | 1,829 | 436,275 | (26,167 | ) | 676,032 | 31.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
Worldwide including United States | 101,594 | 1,000 | 65,084 | (3,552 | ) | 164,126 | 7.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
Marine and Aerospace(c) | 297,540 | — | 457,191 | (28,754 | ) | 725,977 | 33.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,131,959 | $ | 21,603 | $ | 1,078,636 | $ | (65,758 | ) | $ | 2,166,440 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Premiums Written | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Validus Re | AlphaCat | Talbot | Eliminations | Total | % | |||||||||||||||||
United States | $ | 463,055 | $ | 57,186 | $ | 117,178 | $ | (9,494 | ) | $ | 627,925 | 29.6 | % | |||||||||
Worldwide excluding United States(a) | 48,047 | — | 247,367 | (14,146 | ) | 281,268 | 13.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
Europe | 88,467 | 1,238 | 52,018 | (1,988 | ) | 139,735 | 6.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
Latin America and Caribbean | 42,994 | 633 | 94,859 | (27,857 | ) | 110,629 | 5.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
Japan | 43,032 | — | 7,380 | (458 | ) | 49,954 | 2.3 | % | ||||||||||||||
Canada | 518 | — | 10,583 | (507 | ) | 10,594 | 0.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
Rest of the world(b) | 58,908 | — | — | — | 58,908 | 2.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
Sub-total, non United States | 281,966 | 1,871 | 412,207 | (44,956 | ) | 651,088 | 30.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
Worldwide including United States | 105,271 | 16,670 | 50,723 | (2,852 | ) | 169,812 | 8.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
Marine and Aerospace(c) | 264,201 | — | 434,014 | (22,349 | ) | 675,866 | 31.8 | % | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,114,493 | $ | 75,727 | $ | 1,014,122 | $ | (79,651 | ) | $ | 2,124,691 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Premiums Written | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Validus Re | AlphaCat | Talbot | Eliminations | Total | % | |||||||||||||||||
United States | $ | 479,338 | $ | 6,795 | $ | 110,944 | $ | (8,543 | ) | $ | 588,534 | 29.6 | % | |||||||||
Worldwide excluding United States(a) | 55,462 | — | 265,760 | (7,051 | ) | 314,171 | 15.8 | % | ||||||||||||||
Europe | 104,168 | 1,153 | 50,074 | (1,239 | ) | 154,156 | 7.7 | % | ||||||||||||||
Latin America and Caribbean | 70,455 | 195 | 83,274 | (52,632 | ) | 101,292 | 5.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
Japan | 26,449 | — | 5,982 | (177 | ) | 32,254 | 1.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
Canada | 177 | — | 11,892 | (177 | ) | 11,892 | 0.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
Rest of the world(b) | 23,006 | — | — | — | 23,006 | 1.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
Sub-total, non United States | 279,717 | 1,348 | 416,982 | (61,276 | ) | 636,771 | 32.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
Worldwide including United States | 87,606 | 3,653 | 49,212 | (2,492 | ) | 137,979 | 6.9 | % | ||||||||||||||
Marine and Aerospace(c) | 242,782 | — | 403,935 | (19,435 | ) | 627,282 | 31.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,089,443 | $ | 11,796 | $ | 981,073 | $ | (91,746 | ) | $ | 1,990,566 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
(a) | Represents risks in two or more geographic zones. |
(b) | Represents risks in one geographic zone. |
(c) | Not classified as geographic area as marine and aerospace risks can span multiple geographic areas and are not fixed locations in some instances. |
24. Statutory and regulatory requirements
As disclosed in Note 20 (d), Syndicate 1183 and Talbot 2002 Underwriting Capital Ltd (“T02”) are subject to regulation by the Council of Lloyd’s. Syndicate 1183 and T02 are also subject to regulation by the U.K. Financial Services Authority (“FSA”) under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.
T02 is a corporate member of Lloyd’s. As a corporate member of Lloyd’s, T02 is bound by the rules of the Society of Lloyd’s, which are prescribed by Bye-laws and Requirements made by the Council of Lloyd’s under powers conferred by the Lloyd’s Act 1982. These rules (among other matters) prescribe T02’s membership subscription, the level of its contribution to the Lloyd’s central fund and the assets it must deposit with Lloyd’s in support of its underwriting. The Council of Lloyd’s has broad powers to sanction breaches of its rules, including the power to restrict or prohibit a member’s participation on Lloyd’s syndicates.
The Company has nine Bermuda-based subsidiaries, Validus Re, a Class 4 insurer, Validus Re Americas, Ltd. (formerly, IPCRe Limited) a Class 4 insurer, Flagstone Reassurance Suisse SA (Bermuda Branch), a Class 4 insurer, PaCRe, Ltd., a Class 4 insurer, Talbot Insurance (Bermuda), Ltd. ("TIBL"), a Class 3 insurer, AlphaCat Reinsurance, Ltd., a Class 3 insurer , Mont Fort Re Ltd., a Class 3 insurer, AlphaCat Re 2011, Ltd., a Special Purpose Insurer (“SPI”) and AlphaCat Re 2012, Ltd., an SPI, each registered under The Insurance Act 1978 (Bermuda), Amendments Thereto and Related Regulations (''The Act'').
Under The Act, these subsidiaries are required to prepare Statutory Financial Statements and to file Statutory Financial Returns. These subsidiaries have to meet certain requirements for minimum solvency and liquidity ratios and all statutory filings are prepared in accordance with regulatory accounting practices prescribed by The Act. As at December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, all subsidiaries met all the capital and solvency requirements.
Statutory amounts based on regulatory filings for Validus Re, Validus Re Americas, Ltd., TIBL, AlphaCat Reinsurance, Ltd., PaCRe, Ltd., Flagstones Reinsurance Suisse SA and Mont Fort Re Ltd., are set out below. Unrestricted net assets are calculated using the criteria stated in The Act.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Validus Re | Validus Re Americas, Ltd. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total statutory capital and surplus | $ | 3,702,773 | $ | 3,304,987 | $ | 3,330,523 | $ | 126,651 | $ | 125,000 | $ | 296,854 | |||||||||||
Total statutory capital | 3,398,395 | 2,670,447 | 2,667,249 | 125,000 | 125,000 | 296,242 | |||||||||||||||||
Statutory net income | 389,243 | 101,995 | 1,216,083 | 1,651 | 31,916 | 99,258 | |||||||||||||||||
Unrestricted net assets | 826,247 | 832,631 | 894,240 | — | 74,214 | 488,010 | |||||||||||||||||
TIBL (a) | AlphaCat Reinsurance, Ltd. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total statutory capital and surplus | $ | 530,049 | $ | 457,374 | $ | 430,763 | $ | 134 | $ | 133 | $ | 123 | |||||||||||
Total statutory capital | 62,731 | 62,731 | 62,731 | 120 | 120 | 120 | |||||||||||||||||
Statutory net income | 107,675 | 26,610 | 89,448 | 1 | 10 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
Unrestricted net assets | 467,318 | 394,643 | 368,032 | 14 | 13 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
PaCRe, Ltd. | Flagstone Reassurance Suisse SA (Bermuda Branch) (b) | ||||||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||
Total statutory capital and surplus | $ | 485,936 | n/a | n/a | $ | 1,394,138 | n/a | n/a | |||||||
Total statutory capital | 500,100 | n/a | n/a | 1,342,216 | n/a | n/a | |||||||||
Statutory net income | (14,164 | ) | n/a | n/a | (23,768 | ) | n/a | n/a | |||||||
Unrestricted net assets | — | n/a | n/a | 349,444 | n/a | n/a | |||||||||
Mont Fort Re Ltd. (b) | |||||||
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||
Total statutory capital and surplus | $ | 1,428 | n/a | n/a | |||
Total statutory capital | 1,327 | n/a | n/a | ||||
Statutory net income | (35 | ) | n/a | n/a | |||
Unrestricted net assets | 101 | n/a | n/a | ||||
(a) | Unrestricted net assets are calculated using the criteria stated in The Act, however, TIBL is also subject to additional Lloyd's FAL requirements which restrict the amount of dividends to be paid to Validus Holdings, Ltd. The Company would need to apply to Lloyd's to obtain an unrestricted amount of net assets which is subject to passing a Lloyd's release test. This application occurs in the second quarter of the following year. |
(b) | The Company assumed Flagstone Reassurance Suisse SA (Bermuda Branch) and Mont Fort Re, Ltd. as part of the Flagstone Acquisition, therefore, comparative information has been excluded. |
Total statutory capital and surplus and total statutory capital are included as they are relevant to the calculation of retained earnings that are free of restriction for the payment of dividends to Validus Holdings Ltd. The amount of retained earnings that is unrestricted for the payment of dividends by Validus Holdings, Ltd., to its shareholders was $1,643,023 as at December 31, 2012. The Bermuda Companies Act 1981 (the “Companies Act”) limits the Company’s ability to pay dividends and distributions to shareholders.
As a holding company, Validus Holdings, Ltd.'s principal source of income is dividends or other sources of permitted payments from its subsidiaries. These funds provide the cash flow required for dividend payments to the Company's shareholders. The
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
holding company has no material restrictions on its ability to make distributions to shareholders, however, the ability of our (re)insurance subsidiaries is limited by the applicable laws and regulations of the various countries in which we operate.
The ability of certain of these subsidiaries to pay dividends to us is limited under Bermuda law and regulations. The Act provides that each of our Class 4 (excluding Validus Re Americas, Ltd.) Bermuda subsidiaries may not declare or pay, in any financial year, dividends of more than 25% of its total statutory capital and surplus (as shown on its statutory balance sheet in relation to the previous financial year) unless it files with the BMA at least seven days prior to the payment, an affidavit signed by at least two directors and such subsidiary's principal representative, stating that in their opinion such subsidiary will continue to satisfy the required margins following declaration of those dividends, however, there is no additional requirement for BMA approval. In addition, before reducing its total statutory capital by 15% or more (as set out in its previous years' statutory financial statements) each of our Class 4 Bermuda subsidiaries must make application to the BMA for permission to do so; such application shall consist of an affidavit signed by at least two directors and such subsidiary's principal representative stating that in their opinion the proposed reduction in capital will not cause such subsidiaries to fail to meet its relevant margins, and such other information as the BMA may require. The Act provides that each of our Class 3 subsidiaries shall declare or pay any dividends during any financial year as long as it does not cause the subsidiary to fail to meet its relevant margins. Our Class 3 subsidiaries, before reducing by 15% or more of its total statutory capital, as set out in its previous year's financial statements, shall apply to the BMA for its approval and shall provide such information as it may require. The Company's primary restrictions on net assets of subsidiaries consist of regulatory requirements placed upon the regulated (re)insurance subsidiaries to hold minimum amounts of total statutory capital and surplus and there were no other material restrictions on net assets in place as of December 31, 2012.
25. Subsequent events
Capital Management Actions
(a) Increase in Quarterly Dividend and Special Dividend
On February 6, 2013, the Company announced a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per each common share and $0.30 per common share equivalent for which each outstanding warrant is exercisable, payable on March 29, 2013 to holders of record on March 15, 2013. In addition, the Company announced a special dividend in the amount of $2.00 per common share and $2.00 per common share equivalent for which each outstanding warrant is exercisable, payable on February 26, 2013 to shareholders and warrant holders of record as of February 19, 2013.
(b) Share Repurchase Authorization
On February 6, 2013, the Board of Directors of the Company announced an increase in the Company's common share purchase authorization to $500,000. This amount is in addition to the $1,206,845 of common shares repurchased by the Company through February 6, 2013 under its previously authorized share repurchase programs. The Company expects the repurchases to be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing, form and amount of the share repurchases under the program will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, the Company's capital position relative to internal and rating agency targets, legal requirements and other factors. The repurchase program may be modified, extended or terminated by the Board at any time.
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
26. Condensed unaudited quarterly financial data
Quarters Ended | |||||||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | September 30, 2012 | June 30, 2012 | March 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
(unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | ||||||||||||
Underwriting income | |||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 311,847 | $ | 390,215 | $ | 627,089 | $ | 837,289 | |||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (35,659 | ) | (45,743 | ) | (119,052 | ) | (107,052 | ) | |||||||
Net premiums written | 276,188 | 344,472 | 508,037 | 730,237 | |||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 223,098 | 130,632 | (60,410 | ) | (279,038 | ) | |||||||||
Net premiums earned | 499,286 | 475,104 | 447,627 | 451,199 | |||||||||||
Underwriting deductions | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 458,310 | 155,455 | 153,692 | 231,989 | |||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 81,814 | 98,623 | 76,129 | 78,132 | |||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 65,095 | 70,547 | 61,635 | 66,375 | |||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 7,126 | 7,345 | 6,800 | 5,438 | |||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 612,345 | 331,970 | 298,256 | 381,934 | |||||||||||
Underwriting (loss) income | $ | (113,059 | ) | $ | 143,134 | $ | 149,371 | $ | 69,265 | ||||||
Net investment income | 28,802 | 25,489 | 25,885 | 27,760 | |||||||||||
Other income | 187 | 7,324 | 5,994 | 8,891 | |||||||||||
Finance expenses | (14,510 | ) | (9,362 | ) | (13,706 | ) | (16,279 | ) | |||||||
Operating (loss) income before taxes and (loss) income from operating affiliates | (98,580 | ) | 166,585 | 167,544 | 89,637 | ||||||||||
Tax (expense) | (615 | ) | (1,343 | ) | (404 | ) | (139 | ) | |||||||
(Loss) income from operating affiliates | $ | (614 | ) | $ | 6,235 | $ | 3,592 | $ | 3,367 | ||||||
Net operating (loss) income | $ | (99,809 | ) | $ | 171,477 | $ | 170,732 | $ | 92,865 | ||||||
Gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses (a) | 21,485 | (3,784 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||
Net realized (losses) gains on investments | (4,516 | ) | 9,063 | 6,154 | 7,532 | ||||||||||
Net unrealized (losses) gains on investments | (35,857 | ) | 86,345 | (53,574 | ) | 20,671 | |||||||||
(Loss) from investment affiliate | (406 | ) | (160 | ) | (398 | ) | — | ||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (losses) | 1,181 | 1,103 | (652 | ) | 3,166 | ||||||||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (117,922 | ) | $ | 264,044 | $ | 122,262 | $ | 124,234 | ||||||
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | 27,206 | (56,746 | ) | 45,360 | — | ||||||||||
Net (loss) income (attributable) available to Validus | $ | (90,716 | ) | $ | 207,298 | $ | 167,622 | $ | 124,234 | ||||||
Earnings per share | |||||||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding | |||||||||||||||
Basic | 97,688,338 | 93,368,775 | 98,254,186 | 99,425,140 | |||||||||||
Diluted | 97,688,338 | 98,236,490 | 103,667,967 | 105,096,090 | |||||||||||
Basic (loss) earnings per share (attributable) available to common shareholders | $ | (0.94 | ) | $ | 2.20 | $ | 1.69 | $ | 1.23 | ||||||
Diluted (loss) earnings per share (attributable) available to common shareholders | $ | (0.94 | ) | $ | 2.11 | $ | 1.62 | $ | 1.18 | ||||||
Selected ratios: | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 91.8 | % | 32.7 | % | 34.3 | % | 51.4 | % | |||||||
Expense ratio | 30.9 | % | 37.2 | % | 32.3 | % | 33.2 | % | |||||||
Combined ratio | 122.7 | % | 69.9 | % | 66.6 | % | 84.6 | % | |||||||
(a) | The gain on bargain purchase, net of expenses, arose from the acquisition of Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings S.A. on November 30, 2012 and is net of transaction related expenses which included legal, financial advisory, audit related services and termination expenses. |
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Quarters Ended | |||||||||||||||
December 31, 2011 | September 30, 2011 | June 30, 2011 | March 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||
(unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | ||||||||||||
Underwriting income | |||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 278,279 | $ | 391,129 | $ | 605,387 | $ | 849,896 | |||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (16,489 | ) | (30,586 | ) | (132,346 | ) | (109,820 | ) | |||||||
Net premiums written | 261,790 | 360,543 | 473,041 | 740,076 | |||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 226,556 | 98,081 | (47,401 | ) | (310,543 | ) | |||||||||
Net premiums earned | 488,346 | 458,624 | 425,640 | 429,533 | |||||||||||
Underwriting deductions | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 334,829 | 226,067 | 207,307 | 476,198 | |||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 81,253 | 77,405 | 78,230 | 77,296 | |||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 52,253 | 35,926 | 60,841 | 48,477 | |||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 7,237 | 7,382 | 7,628 | 12,049 | |||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 475,572 | 346,780 | 354,006 | 614,020 | |||||||||||
Underwriting income (loss) | $ | 12,774 | $ | 111,844 | $ | 71,634 | $ | (184,487 | ) | ||||||
Net investment income | 28,080 | 27,747 | 26,494 | 29,975 | |||||||||||
Other income | 3,517 | — | 595 | 1,606 | |||||||||||
Finance expenses | (13,520 | ) | (10,935 | ) | (16,361 | ) | (14,001 | ) | |||||||
Operating income (loss) before taxes | 30,851 | 128,656 | 82,362 | (166,907 | ) | ||||||||||
Tax benefit (expense) | 226 | (2,538 | ) | 29 | 1,459 | ||||||||||
Net operating income (loss) | $ | 31,077 | $ | 126,118 | $ | 82,391 | $ | (165,448 | ) | ||||||
Net realized gains on investments | 5,355 | 5,246 | 11,552 | 6,379 | |||||||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments | 2,159 | (27,848 | ) | 18,526 | (12,828 | ) | |||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (losses) | 266 | (19,932 | ) | (1,991 | ) | (467 | ) | ||||||||
Transaction expenses (a) | (3,850 | ) | (13,583 | ) | — | — | |||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 35,007 | $ | 70,001 | $ | 110,478 | $ | (172,364 | ) | ||||||
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | (7,683 | ) | (13,516 | ) | (594 | ) | — | ||||||||
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to Validus | $ | 27,324 | $ | 56,485 | $ | 109,884 | $ | (172,364 | ) | ||||||
Earnings per share | |||||||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding | |||||||||||||||
Basic | 99,137,696 | 98,961,795 | 98,385,924 | 97,944,340 | |||||||||||
Diluted | 101,324,291 | 100,823,335 | 104,562,450 | 97,944,340 | |||||||||||
Basic earnings (loss) per share available (attributable) to common shareholders | $ | 0.26 | $ | 0.55 | $ | 1.10 | $ | (1.78 | ) | ||||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per share available (attributable) to common shareholders | $ | 0.25 | $ | 0.54 | $ | 1.05 | $ | (1.78 | ) | ||||||
Selected Ratios: | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 68.6 | % | 49.3 | % | 48.7 | % | 110.9 | % | |||||||
Expense ratio | 28.8 | % | 26.3 | % | 34.5 | % | 32.1 | % | |||||||
Combined ratio | 97.4 | % | 75.6 | % | 83.2 | % | 143.0 | % | |||||||
(a) | The transaction expenses relate to costs incurred in connection with the Company’s proposed acquisition of Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. Transaction expenses are primarily comprised of legal, financial advisory and audit related services. |
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
Quarters Ended | |||||||||||||||
December 31, 2010 | September 30, 2010 | June 30, 2010 | March 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||
(unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | ||||||||||||
Underwriting income | |||||||||||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 258,731 | $ | 344,040 | $ | 516,861 | $ | 870,934 | |||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded | (35,376 | ) | (35,641 | ) | (67,726 | ) | (90,739 | ) | |||||||
Net premiums written | 223,355 | 308,399 | 449,135 | 780,195 | |||||||||||
Change in unearned premiums | 209,456 | 124,275 | (11,191 | ) | (322,501 | ) | |||||||||
Net premiums earned | 432,811 | 432,674 | 437,944 | 457,694 | |||||||||||
Underwriting deductions | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 155,225 | 158,936 | 194,894 | 478,531 | |||||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 75,523 | 67,074 | 74,126 | 76,176 | |||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 54,511 | 48,831 | 52,379 | 53,569 | |||||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 7,871 | 7,618 | 6,846 | 6,576 | |||||||||||
Total underwriting deductions | 293,130 | 282,459 | 328,245 | 614,852 | |||||||||||
Underwriting income (loss) | $ | 139,681 | $ | 150,215 | $ | 109,699 | $ | (157,158 | ) | ||||||
Net investment income | 30,962 | 34,033 | 34,809 | 34,299 | |||||||||||
Other income | 552 | 1,082 | 2,697 | 888 | |||||||||||
Finance expenses | (13,786 | ) | (13,715 | ) | (13,218 | ) | (15,151 | ) | |||||||
Operating income (loss) before taxes | 157,409 | 171,615 | 133,987 | (137,122 | ) | ||||||||||
Tax (expense) benefit | (1,058 | ) | 1,422 | (4,187 | ) | 697 | |||||||||
Net operating income (loss) | $ | 156,351 | $ | 173,037 | $ | 129,800 | $ | (136,425 | ) | ||||||
Net realized (losses) gains on investments | (14,399 | ) | 23,058 | 12,441 | 11,398 | ||||||||||
Net unrealized (losses) gains on investments | (42,689 | ) | 31,588 | 41,640 | 15,413 | ||||||||||
Foreign exchange gains (losses) | 3,424 | 10,790 | (4,099 | ) | (8,764 | ) | |||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 102,687 | $ | 238,473 | $ | 179,782 | $ | (118,378 | ) | ||||||
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to Validus | $ | 102,687 | $ | 238,473 | $ | 179,782 | $ | (118,378 | ) | ||||||
Earnings per share | |||||||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding | |||||||||||||||
Basic | 105,828,739 | 110,601,888 | 121,009,553 | 126,633,277 | |||||||||||
Diluted | 111,316,736 | 114,842,742 | 125,152,300 | 126,633,277 | |||||||||||
Basic earnings (loss) per share available (attributable) to common shareholders | $ | 0.95 | $ | 2.14 | $ | 1.47 | $ | (0.95 | ) | ||||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per share available (attributable) to common shareholders | $ | 0.92 | $ | 2.08 | $ | 1.44 | $ | (0.95 | ) | ||||||
Selected Ratios: | |||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses | 35.9 | % | 36.7 | % | 44.5 | % | 104.6 | % | |||||||
Expense ratio | 31.8 | % | 28.5 | % | 30.4 | % | 29.7 | % | |||||||
Combined ratio | 67.7 | % | 65.2 | % | 74.9 | % | 134.3 | % | |||||||
SCHEDULE I
VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES
At December 31, 2012
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Amortized cost | Fair value | Amount at which shown on the Balance Sheet | |||||||||
U.S. Government and Government Agency | $ | 1,091,357 | $ | 1,099,230 | $ | 1,099,230 | |||||
Non-U.S. Government and Government Agency | 295,602 | 302,279 | 302,279 | ||||||||
States, municipalities, political subdivision | 41,286 | 42,063 | 42,063 | ||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | 375,368 | 388,874 | 388,874 | ||||||||
Non-Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | 106,536 | 106,456 | 106,456 | ||||||||
U.S. corporate | 1,189,173 | 1,210,173 | 1,210,173 | ||||||||
Non-U.S. corporate | 582,115 | 593,265 | 593,265 | ||||||||
Bank loans | 663,217 | 673,383 | 673,383 | ||||||||
Catastrophe bonds | 56,757 | 56,947 | 56,947 | ||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 607,103 | 612,664 | 612,664 | ||||||||
Total fixed maturities | 5,008,514 | 5,085,334 | 5,085,334 | ||||||||
Total short-term investments | 1,112,929 | 1,114,250 | 1,114,250 | ||||||||
Total other investments | 583,068 | 564,448 | 564,448 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 6,704,511 | $ | 6,764,032 | $ | 6,764,032 | |||||
SCHEDULE II
VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
BALANCE SHEETS
As at December 31, 2012 and 2011
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share information)
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | ||||||
ASSETS | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 19,666 | $ | 4,944 | |||
Investment in subsidiaries on an equity basis | 4,587,611 | 4,101,389 | |||||
Balances due from subsidiaries | 31,250 | — | |||||
Other assets | 4,632 | 4,747 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 4,643,159 | $ | 4,111,080 | |||
LIABILITIES | |||||||
Balances due to subsidiaries | $ | — | $ | 45,808 | |||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 25,242 | 19,865 | |||||
Senior notes payable | 247,090 | 246,982 | |||||
Debentures payable | 350,000 | 350,000 | |||||
Total liabilities | 622,332 | 662,655 | |||||
Commitments and contingent liabilities | |||||||
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||
Common shares, 571,428,571 authorized, par value $0.175 (Issued: 2012—152,698,191; 2011—134,503,065; Outstanding: 2012—107,921,259; 2011—99,471,080) | 26,722 | 23,538 | |||||
Treasury shares (2012—44,776,932; 2011—35,031,985) | (7,836 | ) | (6,131 | ) | |||
Additional paid-in capital | 2,160,478 | 1,893,890 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) | (2,953 | ) | (6,601 | ) | |||
Retained earnings | 1,844,416 | 1,543,729 | |||||
Total shareholders’ equity | 4,020,827 | $ | 3,448,425 | ||||
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 4,643,159 | $ | 4,111,080 | |||
VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (Continued)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Net investment income | $ | 3 | $ | 6 | $ | 2 | |||||
Other income | — | 5,321 | — | ||||||||
Foreign exchange (losses) gains | (469 | ) | 158 | 154 | |||||||
Total revenues | (466 | ) | 5,485 | 156 | |||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 66,576 | 44,276 | 37,601 | ||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 8,503 | 11,598 | 8,899 | ||||||||
Finance expenses | 45,203 | 49,530 | 52,485 | ||||||||
Transaction expenses | — | 16,285 | — | ||||||||
Total expenses | 120,282 | 121,689 | 98,985 | ||||||||
(Loss) before equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | (120,748 | ) | (116,204 | ) | (98,829 | ) | |||||
Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | 529,186 | 137,533 | 501,393 | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 408,438 | $ | 21,329 | $ | 402,564 | |||||
VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (Continued)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 408,438 | $ | 21,329 | $ | 402,564 | |||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
Equity in net earnings of subsidiary | (529,186 | ) | (137,533 | ) | (501,393 | ) | |||||
Dividends received from subsidiaries | 734,000 | 200,000 | 760,000 | ||||||||
Share compensation expenses | 8,503 | 11,598 | 8,899 | ||||||||
Amortization of discount on senior notes | 108 | 108 | 81 | ||||||||
Change in: | |||||||||||
Other assets | 115 | 1,058 | (2,203 | ) | |||||||
Balances due from subsidiaries | (35,522 | ) | — | 5,336 | |||||||
Balances due to subsidiaries | (45,808 | ) | (729 | ) | 46,537 | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 7,640 | (4,321 | ) | 3,597 | |||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 548,288 | 91,510 | 723,418 | ||||||||
Cash flows (used in) investing activities | |||||||||||
Investment in subsidiaries | (166,582 | ) | — | — | |||||||
Net cash (used in) investing activities | (166,582 | ) | — | — | |||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities | |||||||||||
Net proceeds on issuance of senior notes | — | — | 246,793 | ||||||||
Issuance of common shares, net | 3,015 | 4,885 | 7,966 | ||||||||
Purchases of common shares under repurchase program | (259,962 | ) | (5,995 | ) | (856,926 | ) | |||||
Dividends paid | (110,037 | ) | (107,691 | ) | (105,662 | ) | |||||
Net cash (used in) financing activities | (366,984 | ) | (108,801 | ) | (707,829 | ) | |||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash | 14,722 | (17,291 | ) | 15,589 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period | 4,944 | 22,235 | 6,646 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period | $ | 19,666 | $ | 4,944 | $ | 22,235 | |||||
SCHEDULE III
VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION
As at and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)
As at and for the year ended December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred Acquisition Costs | Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses | Unearned Premiums | Net Premiums Earned | Net Investment Income | Losses and Loss Expenses | Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs | Other Operating Expenses | Net Premiums Written | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Validus Re | $ | 75,138 | $ | 2,122,895 | $ | 414,343 | $ | 1,023,271 | $ | 88,727 | $ | 575,416 | $ | 154,362 | $ | 70,811 | $ | 987,381 | |||||||||||||||||
AlphaCat | 713 | 5,000 | 6,992 | 17,666 | 3,748 | — | 1,774 | 7,811 | 21,603 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Talbot | 79,747 | 1,480,307 | 494,883 | 832,279 | 21,310 | 424,030 | 183,926 | 141,070 | 849,950 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate & Eliminations | (9,010 | ) | (90,629 | ) | (21,856 | ) | — | (5,849 | ) | — | (5,364 | ) | 70,669 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 146,588 | $ | 3,517,573 | $ | 894,362 | $ | 1,873,216 | $ | 107,936 | $ | 999,446 | $ | 334,698 | $ | 290,361 | $ | 1,858,934 | |||||||||||||||||
As at and for the year ended December 31, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred Acquisition Costs | Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses | Unearned Premiums | Net Premiums Earned | Net Investment Income | Losses and Loss Expenses | Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs | Other Operating Expenses | Net Premiums Written | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Validus Re | $ | 57,911 | $ | 1,350,849 | $ | 318,092 | $ | 965,925 | $ | 93,248 | $ | 749,305 | $ | 154,582 | $ | 53,972 | $ | 963,775 | |||||||||||||||||
AlphaCat | 314 | 10,000 | 3,055 | 65,966 | 3,245 | 10,000 | 7,946 | 11,036 | 75,727 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Talbot | 74,345 | 1,377,561 | 481,261 | 770,252 | 25,380 | 485,096 | 157,334 | 120,654 | 795,948 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate & Eliminations | (11,065 | ) | (107,267 | ) | (30,026 | ) | — | (9,577 | ) | — | (5,678 | ) | 46,131 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 121,505 | $ | 2,631,143 | $ | 772,382 | $ | 1,802,143 | $ | 112,296 | $ | 1,244,401 | $ | 314,184 | $ | 231,793 | $ | 1,835,450 | |||||||||||||||||
As at and for the year ended December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred Acquisition Costs | Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses | Unearned Premiums | Net Premiums Earned | Net Investment Income | Losses and Loss Expenses | Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs | Other Operating Expenses | Net Premiums Written | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Validus Re | $ | 57,711 | $ | 998,165 | $ | 296,552 | $ | 1,040,118 | $ | 108,170 | $ | 601,610 | $ | 159,527 | $ | 52,794 | $ | 1,026,296 | |||||||||||||||||
AlphaCat | 271 | — | 2,698 | 11,082 | 5,858 | — | 1,072 | 5,921 | 11,796 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Talbot | 74,846 | 1,191,548 | 454,927 | 709,923 | 29,287 | 385,976 | 143,769 | 114,480 | 722,992 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate & Eliminations | (8,931 | ) | (153,740 | ) | (25,661 | ) | — | (9,212 | ) | — | (11,469 | ) | 65,006 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 123,897 | $ | 2,035,973 | $ | 728,516 | $ | 1,761,123 | $ | 134,103 | $ | 987,586 | $ | 292,899 | $ | 238,201 | $ | 1,761,084 | |||||||||||||||||
SCHEDULE IV
VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
REINSURANCE
As at and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Gross | Ceded to other companies | Assumed from other companies | Net amount | Percentage of amount assumed to net | ||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | $ | 550,491 | $ | 307,506 | $ | 1,615,949 | $ | 1,858,934 | 87 | % | ||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2011 | 510,200 | 289,241 | 1,614,491 | 1,835,450 | 88 | % | ||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2010 | 460,337 | 229,482 | 1,530,229 | 1,761,084 | 87 | % | ||||||||||||
SCHEDULE VI
VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION CONCERNING PROPERTY/CASUALTY
INSURANCE OPERATIONS
As at and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
(Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Affiliation with registrant | Deferred acquisition costs | Reserves for losses and loss expenses | Reserves for unearned premiums | Net earned premiums | Net investment income | Losses and loss expenses incurred related to | Net paid losses and loss expenses | Amortization of deferred acquisition costs | Net premiums written | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current year | Prior year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Subsidiaries | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | $ | 146,588 | $ | 3,517,573 | $ | 894,362 | $ | 1,873,216 | $ | 107,936 | $ | 1,174,415 | $ | (174,969 | ) | $ | 836,020 | $ | 334,698 | $ | 1,858,934 | |||||||||||||||||||
2011 | 121,505 | 2,631,143 | 772,382 | 1,802,143 | 112,296 | 1,400,520 | (156,119 | ) | 743,026 | 314,184 | 1,835,450 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 123,897 | 2,035,973 | 728,516 | 1,761,123 | 134,103 | 1,144,196 | (156,610 | ) | 673,422 | 292,899 | 1,761,084 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||